Glossary extracted starting with automatic seeds, with BOW for the domain geo and language EN

sustainable forest development	The development of forests to meet current needs without prejudice to their future productivity, ecological diversity or capacity for regeneration.
zero-rated	In the context of GST, it means where GST is charged, but at a rate of zero percent
width	In band sawing, the distance from the top of the tooth to the back of the blade.
liquid concentrate	Liquid phosphate fertilizers used as fire retardants, usually diluted three to five times prior to application.
wages and salaries	The earnings, in cash or in kind, of Canadian residents for work performed before deduction of income taxes and contributions to pension funds, unemployment insurance and other social insurance schemes.
drainage basin	A part of a land area enclosed by a topographic divide from which direct surface run-off from precipitation normally drains by gravity into a receiving water
overrun	Difference between the log scale of a shipment of timber and the volume of actual lumber obtained from it (24).
percolation	(1) The movement of water through the openings in rock or soil
full-thickness burn	A burn involving all the layer of the skin
clean development mechanism	Defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, the CDM is intended to meet two objectives: (1) to assist parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the convention; and (2) to assist parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments
null	enlèvement des rémanents
no regret adaptation options	Adaptation options that would be justified under all plausible future scenarios including the absence of man-made climate change
systematic sampling	A sampling procedure in which sample plots are selected based on objective, pre-determined criteria (such as on a grid), rather than a random selection or a selection based on convenience or preferences (e.g
hydrophobicity	Resistance to wetting exhibited by some soils, also called water repellency
infiltration rate	The rate at which water penetrates the earth's surface.
specific adhesion	Adhesion between surfaces that are held together by valence forces of the same type as those that give rise to cohesion.
wane	Bark or lack of wood from any cause on edge or corner of a piece except for eased edges.
cone collection	Harvesting of cones after seed maturation but before their dispersal.
wolf tree	A tree, generally overtopping and of poor form, that occupies more growing space than its commercial value warrants.
polymerization	A chemical reaction in which the molecules of a monometer are linked together to form large molecules whose molecular weight is a multiple of that of the original substance.
dressing	Shaping the cutting edge of a chisel to correct the bevel.
null	cultivateur à éperon
total suspended solids	The entire amount of organic and inorganic particles dispersed in water
accuracy assessment	The process of determining the positional and thematic accuracy of the spatial vegetation community data
operating time	See machine time, scheduled operating time.
treated	Wood products infused or coated with any variety of stains or chemicals designed to retard decay, deterioration, fire, or insect damage due to weather.
linear foot	A measurement of the length of a board (i.e
cargo chute	A parachute designed and rigged for dropping equipment and supplies from an aircraft.
sediment	Particulate organic and inorganic matter that accumulates in a loose, unconsolidated form on the bottom of natural waters.
adaptive management	a systematic, rigorous approach to improving management and accommodating change by learning from the outcomes of management interventions
null	matériel relatif optimal
hydrophobic	Having a strong tendency to repel water.
double end trimmed	Both ends cut reasonably square by a saw.
utility knife	A cutting tool used in various trades and crafts for a variety of purposes
metaphor	A figure of speech that links two objects by speaking as if they were one, as in referring to the world as "spaceship earth" or "a lifeboat." In geography, models are metaphors of the geographical world.
seed bank	A place in which seeds of rare plant or obsolete varieties are stored, usually vacuum-packed and under cold conditions, to prolong their viability.
null	supprimé
coordinate system	A reference system to represent horizontal and/or vertical locations and distances on a map
incendiary fire	A fire that is deliberately ignited under circumstances in which the person knows that the fire should not be ignited
oil paint	A paint containing a suspension of pigments in an organic solvent and a drying oil, modified drying oil, or synthetic polymer that forms an opaque film through a combination of solvent evaporation and curing of the oil or polymer.
status indians	People who are entitled to have their names included on the Indian Register, an official list maintained by the federal government
acre-foot	the volume of water required to cover 1 acre of land (43,560 square feet) to a depth of 1 foot
bottom rail	The horizontal member, installed on edge, attached to the bottom of the balusters, as well as the post
sugarbush	A stand or forest made up predominantly of sugar maples and red maples.
null	descendance biparentale
public trust resources	natural resources which the public owns
budding	Grafting by inserting a bud, with a small amount of tissue, into a slit or hole made in the bark of a stock plant
security weather watch	Observers are posted at one or more strategic locations in the proximity of a fire to detect and warn fire personnel of pending critical weather changes that might significantly affect the fire.
green lumber	Freshly cut, unseasoned, not dry
mfat	Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
null	reboisement renouvelé
finance/administration section	The section responsible for all administrative and financial considerations on an incident.
catkins	A dense, often drooping flower cluster, consisting of small scale-like flowers aggregated into short, tubular spikes.
landslide	The downhill movement of a mass of soil or rock, usually wet or saturated, that results in episodic erosion
stand density	A combinations of tree diameter and number of trees per acre. Stand density is critical measure of forest conditions. It is measured in "basal area" with units of square feet per acre.
area regenerating	Includes areas that have been harvested recently (less than 10 years ago), and areas depleted by such natural disturbances as fire, insects and disease.
haul	Conveying wood from a loading point to an unloading point.
mou	memorandum of understanding, a formal, written agreement between two or more organizations or agencies that presents the relationship between the entities for purposes of planning and management.
biotic	Pertaining to life; concerning the living component of the environment.
activities implemented jointly	Activities carried out under the Convention to mitigate climate change through partnerships between an investor from a developed country and a counterpart in a host country under a pilot phase that ended in the year 2000
quarter quadrangle	A map or image that includes ¼ the area of a 7.5-minute quadrangle and is organized in quadrants of the original quadrangle as follows: Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest
granivorous	Feeding on seeds.
tangential	Coincident with a tangent at the circumference of a tree or log, or parallel to such a tangent.
moist adiabatic lapse rate	Rate of decrease of temperature with increasing height of an air parcel lifted at saturation via adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium
semitransparent stain	A suspension of pigments in a drying oil designed to color and protects wood surfaces by penetration without forming a surface film and without hiding wood grain.
null	système de la coupe à blanc avec porte-graines
the study of disease.	Pathologie
loader	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines.
firing technique	Any method or pattern of igniting a wildland area to consume the fuel in a prescribed pattern
accuracy	The closeness of results of observations, computations, or estimates to the true values or to values that are accepted as being true (ASP, 1984)
s2s	Surfaced two faces
rural	Any area wherein residences and other developments are scattered and intermingled with forest, range, or farm land and native vegetation or cultivated crops.
germination test	A test made to determine the viability of seeds, spores, or pollen grains in a given sample.
combustion	The rapid oxidation of fuel in which heat and usually flame are produced
progeny	The offspring of a particular tree or a combination of one female and one male tree.
gross scale	Measurement of log volume in which no deduction is made for defect (17).
null	intensité du passage en éclaircie
alluvium	Sediment deposited by flowing water, such as in a riverbed, floodplain, or delta
solid piling	The close stacking of lumber or other products, without separation of layers with stickers, as in open piling.
stump blade	NULL
fire management plan	A plan which identifies and integrates all wildland fire management and related activities within the context of approved land/resource management plans
cutting cycle	The planned interval between partial harvests in an uneven-aged stand.
pathology	The study of disease.
orthographically corrected aerial photography	An aerial photograph that has had all the distortions due to camera tilt and surface relief removed
ambient air	Air of the surrounding environment.
use level	The appropriate ratio of liquid foam concentrate to water recommended by the chemical manufacturer for each class of fire, usually expressed as a percent (such as 0.5%).
buys ballot's law	If a person stands with his back to the general wind, the high atmospheric pressure is found to his right in the Northern Hemisphere
ridge planting	Setting out young trees on a long, narrow crest of excavated soil, generally on a slice thrown up by a plough.
preservative treatment	Treatment of wood products to enlarge lifetime, often by an oil - or waterbased chemical solution.
entity	Entity, in relation to a group, means a reporting entity or reporting entity's subsidiary, within the meaning of the Financial Reporting Act 1993.
cellulose	A polymer of glucose molecules, used by plants as a structural supporting material
mean sea level	Mean sea level is normally defined as the average relative sea level over a period, such as a month or a year, long enough to average out transients such as waves and tides
automatic direction finder	An aircraft radio navigational receiver operating in the low frequency bands.
air cleaner	A machine designed to filter fine dust from the air in a workshop
vent	The release of enclosed smoke and heat from a structure by creating openings in it, as by hacking a hole in the roof, to allow free passage of air.
effective stocking	NULL
biogas	A combustible gas and type of biofuel produced by the decomposition of biological materials (for example, forestry residues and municipal waste) through anaerobic digestion (that is, in the absence of oxygen) or fermentation
null	zone de coupe à blanc
deductible	In the context of income tax, means expenses which can be deducted from income when calculating a tax liability.
gwp	See Global warming potential
box lumber	Factory lumber, may be of any thickness, 4/4 and thicker and is graded for box cutting value.
indicator	a measurable variable used to report progress toward the achievement of a goal
eis	Environmental impact statement
nitrogen	The 14th of the 107 elements
furlong	A length of 10 chains, or 660 feet.
growth promoter	Any agent present or provided as a supplement to the plant or its environment to activate growth.
chain saw	Saw that is powered by a gasoline, hydraulic, or electric motor; cutting elements are on an endless chain similar to a bicycle chain (24).
brood	The young of certain animals; especially, young birds and fowl hatched at one time and cared for by the same mother.
shrinkage	Decrease in wood dimensions due to loss of water in the wood cell walls
statistic	The number that results from manipulating raw data according to a specified procedure; associated with samples.
model	A simplified simulation of complex real-world relationships and processes that helps clarify how those processes and relationships work
observation point	A field location point used to support map unit and vegetation classification development
co-generation	The simultaneous production of electricity and heat from steam.
fire suppression	All work and activities connected with control and fire-extinguishing operations, beginning with discovery and continuing until the fire is completely extinguished.
carbon budget	A measure of carbon inputs and outputs for a particular activity.
state park	An area established by the government of a state primarily for public recreation or for the preservation of unique natural or historic resources, administrative details varying widely
administering agency	The Government agency with overall responsibility for administering the ETS
feller buncher	a logging machine that fells trees, debranches, cuts to length and groups them ready to be removed with a forwarder or skidder.
drought	A period of relatively long duration with substantially below-normal precipitation, usually occurring over a large area.
fascia	A broad, flat, horizontal surface, sometimes used to cover a joint, or as the other edge of a cornice.
waste	See residuals.
null	litière
gene flow	The movement of alleles among interbreeding individuals belonging to different populations, by means of seed or pollen dispersal or the migration of individuals.
development	The process by which a society goes about realizing its potential
structural timbers	Pieces of wood of relatively large size, the strength or stiffness of which is the controlling element in their selection and use.
fines	Fine particulate material such as silt and clay particles typically of less than .85 mm diameter
tāngata whenua	In relation to a particular area, means the iwi, or hapū, that holds mana whenua over that area (where mana whenua means customary authority exercised by an iwi, or hapū, in an identified area).
null	mode de régénération par coupes progressives uniformes
shearing strength	Capacity of an object or soil to resist shearing stresses (20).
dispersion	The decrease in concentration of airborne pollutants as they spread throughout an increasing volume of atmosphere.
two-aged stand	NULL
uptake	The addition of a substance of concern to a reservoir
jammer logging	Cable logging system generally restricted to one skidding line and used for winching logs up to 300 feet from the cutting area to a log collection point (17).
biota	all of the living organisms in given ecosystem, including microorganisms, plants and animals
ecotype	A race (provenance) adapted to the selective action of a particular environment
simple hose lay	A hoselay consisting of consecutively coupled lengths of hose without laterals
circular plot	A sample plot that is in the shape of a circle (rather than a square or rectangle).
green tree cut	Harvesting that retains live trees of a specific species and size on the area to be cut to achieve a site-specific objective.
bio-oil	A volatile liquid produced through pyrolysis of carbon rich substances such as biomass from forestry and agricultural residues
null	désherbage mécanique
species	A group of related organisms having common characteristics.
browse	Buds, leaves, and twigs of seedling and sapling regeneration that are utilized as a food resource by wildlife.
harshness	Severity, extreme rigor
tpz	Created by the "California Taxation Reform Act" of 1976, TPZs were established so that forest landowners would not pay property tax on the basis of the land's "highest and best use." TPZ land is restricted to the growing and harvesting of timber and compatible uses
shovel	A tool with a handle and a broad scoop or blade for digging and moving material, such as dirt or snow.
plus tree	A phenotype judged (but not proved by testing) to be unusually superior in some quality or qualities.
deciduous	shedding or losing leaves annually; the opposite of evergreen
wildlife	A broad term that includes non domesticated vertebrates, especially mammals, birds, and fish.
cubic foot	A unit of measure for wood volume containing 1,728 cubic inches - for example, a piece of wood measuring 1 foot on a side
ecology	Study of plants and animals in relation to their physical and biological surroundings (17).
null	coupe d'écrémage
epoxy glue	A two part glue that practically glues anything to anything, including metal to metal.
neutral atmosphere	Condition in which temperature decrease with increasing altitude is equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate (i.e., the atmosphere neither aids nor hinders large-scale vertical motion).
hazardous areas	Those wildland areas where the combination of vegetation, topography, weather, and the threat of fire to life and property create difficult and dangerous problems.
gage height	the height of the water surface above the gage datum (zero point)
soft rot	Rot occurring in the outer wood layers under very wet conditions (26).
tongue and groove	A joinery method where one board is cut with a protruding "groove" and an identical piece is cut with a matching groove along its edge.
stabilization pond	Large earthen basin used for the treatment of wastewater by natural processes involving the use of both algae and bacteria.
station catalog	A WIMS file that contains all the information defined for a weather station.
box beam	A built-up beam with solid wood flanges and plywood or wood-based panel product webs.
hollow-core construction	A panel construction with faces of plywood, hardboard, or similar material bonded to a framed-core assembly of wood lattice, paperboard rings, which support the facing at spaced intervals.
paired keys	A double key
desiccation	Process of becoming dried out.
plug transplant	A small container seedling which is to be planted and raised as a bare-root seedling.
tending	Any operation carried out for the benefit of a forest crop or any individual therein.
toxic substance	A chemical or mixture that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.
springwood	That part of an annual ring formed early in the growing season, a period of more rapid growth
frugivorous	Feeding on fruit or the reproductive structures of plants.
habitat	An area in which a specific plant or animal can naturally live, grow, and reproduce.
filtch	A thick piece of lumber with or without wane (bark) on one or more edges suitable for remanufacturing.
null	traitement en plein
ray	A ribbon like figure caused by the strands of cells which extend across the grain in quarter-sawn lumber.
beam	A main horizontal member in a buildings frame
heteroconophagous	Feeding occasionally on seeds and cones, but usually lives and feeds on stems and needles.
clearcutting system	NULL
rate of spread	The relative activity of a fire in extending its horizontal dimensions
species	A group of interbreeding populations that are more or less reproductively isolated from all other kinds of organisms.
confusion matrix	See Contingency Table.
j&p	Joists and Planks
forward rate of spread	The speed with which a fire moves in a horizontal direction across the landscape, usually expressed in chains per hour or feet per minute.
technical life length	Time from when the machine goes into operation until it is no longer used in any operation
k-tag	a thin metallic tag that is nailed to trees to aid in the identification of survey lines or corners in the forest.
forest stewardship council	An international certification and labelling system under which forests are certified against strict environmental and social standards, and fibre from certified forests is tracked from the forest to consumers.
management plan	A written document particular to a specific tract of forest. Plans include such information as forest owner objectives, property description, natural resource inventories, a schedule of intended projects/harvests, etc.
sample bias	A situation in which sample plots do not accurately represent the larger area as a whole.
absolute based obligation	An obligation for a participant in an emissions trading scheme to surrender one emissions unit for every tonne of CO2-e emitted.
foaming agent	An additive that reduces the surface tension of water (producing wet water) causing it to spread and penetrate more effectively and which produces foam through mechanical means.
weeds	NULL
cryosphere	The component of the climate system consisting of all snow, ice and frozen ground (including permafrost) on and beneath the surface of the Earth and ocean
null	arbre dominé
spore	Cell or group of cells capable of producing a new organism.
tail	The end portion of a birds-mouth joint which extends beyond the plate when there is a roof overhang.
little change	Insignificant change in wind speed, direction, and temperature (less than 5 degrees) and relative humidity (less than five percent), respectively
foliage	All the leaves of a tree.
gross measure	‘Board Measure' contents of lumber when calculated from measurements of named sizes; same as nominal measure.
schedule maching hour	Time in which a machine is intended to be operated and has an operator scheduled.
silvics	The study of the life history and general characteristics of forest trees and stands, with particular reference to locality factors as a basis of silviculture.
verified emissions reduction	Emissions reductions for voluntary markets that are not compliant with the Kyoto Protocol are available for sale to corporations and individuals who want to offset their emissions for non-regulatory purposes
forest sinks	Forests are called sinks because of their ability to absorb carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere
em	End Matched
lentic waters	ponds or lakes (standing water).
feller delimber	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
synthesis gas	A mixture of gases resulting from reacting carbon rich substances with steam in a reduced oxygen environment (partial oxidation), which contains mostly carbon monoxide and hydrogen
capital	Plant, equipment, and related facilities used to produce a flow of goods and services (22).
provenance	1
band girdling	Removing a broad band of bark, from several centimetres to a metre wide, all round a living bole with some sapwood or without, so as to kill (with or without the aid of herbicide), or at least weaken, the tree.
technical advisory groups	A TAG has the role of providing guidance and advice on technical design elements of a project
underlayment	A layer of plywood or other manufactured board used as a base material under finished flooring
hardwood	A tree whose leaves drop in the fall, as opposed to evergreens or conifers, which have needles (fir, spruce) or scales (cedar)
genetic engineering	A method used to directly transfer DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetically engineered organism, one form of genetically modified organism.
forest economics	The branch of forestry concerned with the forest as a productive asset subject, in relation to economic principles.
quality control	A system for ensuring the maintenance of proper standards in the gathering of scientific information, especially by periodic random inspection of the product.
chevron cuts	A modification of strip cutting where the strip is angled part way along its length.
bacteria	Single-celled microorganisms.
cold trailing	A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully inspecting and feeling with the hand for heat to detect any fire, digging out every live spot, and trenching any live edge.
biodiversity	The collection of life on earth; the natural patterns that form from all the species of life (species diversity), the genes that each of them possess (genetic diversity), as well as the ecosystems which these species form (ecosystem diversity).
carbon sequestration	The addition of a substance of concern to a reservoir
surface water	water that is on the Earth's surface, such as in a stream, river, lake, or reservoir.
profitable	yielding profit; advantageous or lucrative
null	traitement en futaie à deux étages
automatically regulated	A proportioning method or device that readily adjusts to changes in water flow and or pressure to maintain a desired mix ratio.
swamp	An area saturated with water throughout much of the year, but with the surface of the soil usually not deeply submerged
s&m species	Survey-and-manage species
specific heat	The heat required to raise a unit mass of a substance one degreee kelvin
carbon	an element, contained in all organic molecules.
hazard reduction	Any treatment of living and dead fuels that reduces the potential spread or consequences of fire.
morse taper	The standard for the taper on the shanks of drill chucks, drill bits and lathe centers
revenue recycling	Involves using revenue from the sale of emission units to reduce other taxes that create economic distortions
slash removal	NULL
site class	A measurement of the quality of the soil in terms of its potential productivity
restricted airspace	Airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth within the flight of an aircraft, which is subject to restrictions (but not wholly prohibited).
mesosphere	The mesosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere
soil type	Soils that are alike in all characteristics, including texture of the topsoil.
two-storied high-forest system	NULL
hcp	Habitat Conservation Plan; an agreement between the Secretary of Interior and either a private party or state, specifying the conservation measures that will be implemented in exchange for a permit that would allow taking (harassing or killing) of a threatened or endangered species.
null	feuillu
adventitious bud	NULL
cellulose	The scientific name for wood fiber.
root	the part of a plant which grows in soil.
substrate	A material upon the surface of which an adhesive containing substance is spread for any purpose, such as bonding or coating.
fossil fuels	Coal, natural gas, crude oil and fuels derived from crude oil such as petrol and diesel
allen head	A screw head with a recess requiring a hexagon shaped key, used mainly on machinery
macroclimate	General large-scale climate of a large area or country as distinguished from smaller scale mesoclimate and microclimate.
rigging	Cables, blocks, and other equipment used in yarding logs (22).
minister	Minister in relation to a Part of this Act, means the Minister who is, under authority of any warrant or under authority of the Prime Minister, responsible for the administration of the Part.
transfer	The process of moving photo interpreted data from an aerial photo overlay to an ortho image to register and rectify the data
necessity	Necessity, when used in contrast to Chance, denotes what is essential in a process
fibril	A threadlike component of cell walls, invisible under a light microscope.
null	monoétagé
gall-inhabiting	Pertaining to an organism that lives in a gall made by a different insect.
eddy	A circular-like flow of a fluid (such as air or water) drawing its energy from a flow of much larger scale, and brought about by pressure irregularities as in the downwind (lee) side of a solid obstacle
septic tank	a tank used to detain domestic wastes to allow the settling of solids prior to distribution to a leach field for soil absorption
persistent foliage	Characteristic of evergreen trees, that is, trees that do not shed their leaves in the fall.
tracheids	An imperforate wood cell with bordered pits.
tubed seedling	NULL
polymer	Any natural or synthetic compound of high molecular weight composed of numerous repeated simple subunits (monomers) sharing pairs of electrons
deeply notched leaf	Leaf that has deep sinuses cut into its outer edge.
tolerance	a tree species' capacity to grow in shade.
diameter class	A diameter class is a class of trees falling within a certain diameter range at breast height
occasional pieces	Means not more than 10 percent of the pieces in a parcel or shipment.
pheromones	A chemical substance released by animals, including insects, that influences the behaviour or development of other individuals of the same species, for example, sexual attractants.
ground truth	The process of taking aerial photographs into the field to verify the ground condition compared to how that condition appears in the photograph.
rpf	see Registered Professional Forester
null	densité du couvert d'une cime
turnout	Area of sufficient size, adjacent to a single lane road, that serves as a temporary parking place for vehicles so that oncoming vehicles may pass (22).
project development document	A document developed to promote a project under the Clean Development Mechanism designed to sequester any GHG specified in the Kyoto Protocol
site classification	Application of analytical techniques based on macroclimate, soil, land form, and vegetation, to predict yield.
residual stand	Trees remaining in an area after the cutting operation has been completed.
kilowatthour	a power demand of 1,000 watts for one hour
pressure pattern	The distribution of surface atmospheric pressure features over an area of the earth as shown on a weather map
bio-based economy	See bioeconomy.
isobar	A line connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure on a weather map.
permafrost	Ground (soil or rock and included ice and organic material) that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years (Van Everdingen, 1998)
voluntary market	Voluntary markets for emissions reductions cover those buyers and sellers of Verified Emissions Reductions (VERs) or voluntary carbon units (VCUs), which seek to manage their emission exposure for non-regulatory purposes.
trees per acre	A basic measure of how dense a stand is, expressed as the average number of trees that would be found on one acre of land.
perimeter access	Any road, trail, or route that will allow firefighting forces to reach the perimeter of a wildland fire.
aboriginal	"aboriginal peoples of Canada" [which] include Indian, Inuit, and Métis peoples of Canada (Constitution Act 1992, Subsection 35(2))
turn	Logs yarded in any one top
environmental integrity group	A coalition or negotiating alliance consisting of Mexico, the Republic of Korea, and Switzerland.
boom	Pole, timber, or metal arm protruding from a machine; for example, the boom on a loading machine
square planting	NULL
plan and profile	Drawing showing both horizontal (plan) and vertical (profile) delineation of a road survey (22).
pure live seed	NULL
maturity	Expressed in two ways: 1
sedimentation	The deposition or settling of soil particles suspended in water
e	Edge
heritability	That portion of the character variance due to hereditary factors as distinct from factors of environment
rainforest	a dense evergreen forest which grows in tropical and temperate areas of high humidity with heavy rainfall occurring throughout the year
pennyweight	A system of measuring the size of a nail
british thermal unit	Amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit (from 59.50 to 60.50 F), measured at standard atmospheric pressure.
scribing	Shaping one member to the surface which it touches; for example, to fit a board snugly to a surface which is not straight.
class 2	Within 1,000 feet up stream from a class one stream
kip	Unit of weight or force equivalent to 1,000 pounds.
group	Group means a group as defined in the Financial Reporting Act 1993.
underburn	A fire that consume surface fuels but not the overstory canopy.
medium density fibreboard	A wood-based composite material that uses wood fibre rather than particles, strands or veneers to produce board or sheet products
commercial agriculture	Crop growing and livestock breeding undertaken primarily in order to realize exchange-value (rather than use-value) in local, national, or international competitive markets
turbulent flow	A flow characterized by agitated and irregular, random-velocity fluctuations.
water vapour	The gas phase of water
dormant	In a relatively inactive or resting condition in which some metabolic processes are slowed down or suspended.
kiln	A chamber used for drying timber, in which the temperature and humidity of the circulating air can be suitably controlled.
completeness	Inventory definition: Completeness means that an inventory covers all sources and sinks for the full geographic coverage, as well as all gases included in the IPCC Guidelines in addition to other existing relevant source/sink categories which are specific to individual Parties (and therefore may not be included in the IPCC Guidelines).
null	plan parcellaire de régénération
see bioeconomy.	Bio-based economy
point source	Pollutant loads discharged at a specific location from pipes, outfalls, and conveyance channels from either municipal wastewater treatment plants or industrial waste treatment facilities
land cover classification	A classification of the cultural, physical, and vegetation features that cover the earth, commonly used with remote sensing technology
spalling	Chipping or pitting of concrete, masonry, or stone surfaces.
watershed	An area that drains or contributes water to a particular point, stream, river, lake or ocean
swath cutter	See harvesting machine classifications; single function machines.
fuel cell	A fuel cell generates electricity in a direct and continuous way from the controlled electrochemical reaction of hydrogen or another fuel and oxygen
break up	Period of time in the spring when melting snow creates soft soil conditions and high water in streams
conifer	A tree belonging to the order Coniferales of the botanical group Gymnospermae, typically bearing cones and carrying needle-shape or scale-like leaves
tongs	Pair of curved arms that pivot like scissors so that a pull on the ring connecting the shorter segments will cause the points on the longer segments to bite into the log
shipping dry	Having moisture content (over-dry basis) of 14 to 20 percent
predator	Organism that hunts, captures and kills several types of prey (insects and acarians) over the course of its development.
clone	All plants reproduced asexually from a common ancestor and having identical genotypes
rotation	Period of years between establishment of a stand of timber and the time when it is considered ready for final harvest and regeneration
mpi	Ministry for Primary Industries.
gunstock post	A post having an increased size at its top, providing extra strength for intersecting joinery.
contained root	A root that does not elongate beyond the confines of the original rooting volume within a container, even when outplanted with the container removed.
fibre	A material in which the wood is reduced to predominantly individual fibres by mechanical or chemical means, or a combination of the two
pit	One of many cavities or depressions on the fruiting body of morels.
allelopathy	The negative influence of a plant, other than a microorganism, upon another plant, through chemical exudate during their metabolism.
participants	The person or persons obliged to meet emission liabilities and eligible to receive credits.
parts per million	the number of "parts" by weight of a substance per million parts of water
normal fire season	A season when weather, fire danger, and number and distribution of fires are about average.
geographic information system	An organized collection of geographically (spatially)- referenced information
aosis	See Alliance of Small Island States
subsidiary crop	NULL
joinery	The craft of connecting and securing the separate members of the timber frame to one another by means of specific cuts on the ends and/or sides of the timbers.
water control	Management of water to maintain plant growth, water quality, wildlife habitat, and fire control.Water Quality Control Board (WQCB)- Reviews timber harvest plans for compliance with the Clean Water Act, Porter-Cologne Water Act.
nongame wildlife	wildlife species that are protected by state wildlife laws and can not be hunted
squall	Sudden increase in wind speed to at least 17 mph (15 knots) that is sustained for at least 1 minute but not more than 5 minutes.
lobe	Large division of a leaf.
bmp	see Best Management Practice.
breast height	4.5 feet (54 inches) above the ground on the uphill side of the tree
shutoff pressure	Maximum pressure a centrifugal pump will attain when water flow is clamped or shut off.
housing	The shallow mortise or cavity for receiving the major part of a time end, generally copied with a smaller deep mortise to receive a tenon tying the joint together.
soft rot	Rot occurring in the outer wood layers under very wet conditions.
air ambulance	A rotary wing aircraft configured, staffed and equipped to respond, care for and transport a patient(s) and approved/licensed by a state to do so
lng	Lining
millennium development goals	A set of time-bound and measurable goals for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, discrimination against women and environmental degradation, agreed at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000.
work/rest ratio	An expression of the amount of rest that is required for each hour an individual is in work status
bed	The bed (also called the river bed) is the bottom of the river (or other body of water).
evergreens	plants that retain foliage year round.
normally stocked	NULL
virulence	Measure of a pathogen's ability to multiply in a living organism and harm it.
cop	See Conference of the Parties.
operator	Owner or contractor of a logging operation
cancellation account	An account in the Registry that has been established for the purpose of holding emission units that have been cancelled.
light wind	Wind speed less than 7 mph (6 knots) measured at 20 feet above ground
taper	A piece of wood that has been cut so that it is wider on one edge compared to the other.
threshold	The number of potential customers necessary to support the sale of a particular good or service
carbon dioxide	a molecule made up of one carbon atom joined to two oxygen atoms; a gas in the Earth's atmosphere
null	rayon
edge guide	A straightedge that is used to guide tools, such as a circular saw or router, along a work-piece.
watershed	A watershed is the term given to the land that drains water into a particular stream, lake, or river.
leaftier	Organism that ties two or more leaves together with silk threads, forming a tube in which to hide and feed.
watershed	A drainage area or basin in which all land and water areas drain or flow toward a central collector such as a stream, river, or lake at a lower elevation.
electrophoresis	A laboratory procedure that separates large molecules, such as DNA fragments or proteins, on the basis of their electric charge by running them through a gel placed in an electric field
resin	An organic material that has an indefinite and often high molecular weight, exhibits a tendency to flow when subjected to stress.
hose lay	Arrangement of connected lengths of fire hose and accessories on the ground, beginning at the first pumping unit and ending at the point of water delivery.
wingless.	Aptère
field reconnaissance	Preliminary field visits by photo interpreters and vegetation classification experts to gain an overview of the vegetation of the project area and how it relates to the NVCS
deciduous	Trees that have broad leaves that are shed in the fall
organic matter	That fraction of the soil that includes plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by the soil population.
oriented strandboard	A panel made from wood strands oriented in the face layers and normally cross-oriented in the core layer, combined under heat and pressure with a water-resistant binder
push stick	A tool used that is to safely push a board through a table saw or other power tool.
parent tree	Any tree whose seeds are used to product progeny for use in genetic experimentation
desalination	the removal of salts from saline water to provide freshwater
acid precipitation	Rain, snow, sleet, hail or fog, usually with acidity below pH 5.6
nanotechnology	The manufacture of materials and structures with dimensions that measure up to 100 nanometers (billionths of a metre).
mor	Modulus of Rupture
climate system	The climate system is the highly complex system consisting of five major components: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surface and the biosphere, and the interactions between them
witness marks	These are marks put on boards or pieces to keep them in order during gluing, joining, and assembly.
dressing	NULL
void	Volume in the wood structure that is not occupied by wood tissue (26).
filling	An increase in the central pressure of a low
remote sensing	Practice of acquiring and using data from satellites and aerial photography to infer or measure land cover/use
carbon equivalent	A metric measure used to compare the emissions of the different greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential (GWP)
stringer	A timber or other support for cross members in floors or ceilings.
rmus	See Removal Units.
wind profile	A chart of wind speed in relation to height, most commonly determined by a pilot balloon observation.
over-mature	Point at which timber has begun to lessen in commercial value because of size, age, decay or other factors
cge	Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention.
annex z	Annex Z of Marrakesh Accords (COP7) consists of the maximum amount of forest management credits for each Annex 1 country.
oxygen demand	the need for molecular oxygen to meet the needs of biological and chemical processes in water
wrenching	NULL
ldc	See Least Developed Countries.
thermoset	A cross-linked polymeric material.
inside diameter	The internal diameter of a tube, conductor, or coupling, as distinguished from its OD (Outside Diameter)
sample size	The number of items or observations in a sample; usually denoted by lower case letter n.
attack	The actual physical fire fighting operation.
ambulance	A ground transport vehicle configured, equipped and staffed to respond, care for and transport a patient(s) and approved by a state to do.
null	bois de taillis
diameter outside bark	Measurement of tree diameter in which the bark is included (12).
plot boundary	The outer edge or perimeter of a fixed area plot
long-term fire retardant	Chemical that inhibits combustion primarily through chemical reactions between products of combustion and the applied chemicals, even after the water component has evaporated
national park	A federal reservation administered by the National Park Service of the U.S
national biological service	The agency that originated the USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program
hydrograph	A graph of runoff rate, inflow rate, or discharge rate, past a specific point over time.
virga	Precipitation falling out of a cloud but evaporating before reaching the ground.
acid deposition	Wet deposition of acids occurs when any form of precipitation (rain, snow, etc) removes acids from the atmosphere and delivers it to the Earth's surface
ecosystem integrity	The quality of a natural unmanaged or managed ecosystem in which the natural ecological processes sustain the function, composition and structure of the system.
along the grain	Generally paralleled to the grain direction.
sawlog	A log considered suitable in size and quality for producing lumber
isothermal layer	Layer through which temperature remains constant with elevation.
size class	Categorization of trees based on diameter at breast height (dbh). Seedlings are under 1 inch. Saplings are 1-5 inches. Poletimber is 5 inches to 9-12 inches (species dependent). Sawtimber is over 9-12 inches (species dependent). Size classes can be broken down into more specific dbh categories, such as every 2 inches.
linseed oil	This is an amber-colored, fatty oil extracted form the cotyledon and inner coats of the linseed
smoke concentration	The amount of combustion products found in a specified volume of air, commonly expressed as micrograms of emission per cubic meter of air.
kingpin	Master link in a track
station pressure	Pressure of the atmosphere at an assigned station location and elevation.
lf	Light Framing
barking drum	A large drum in which logs or billets are tumbled by mechanical rotation, the back being removed by abrasive action.
mulch	A layer of straw, bark, or other plant matter used to conserve moisture in the soil, to protect certain fruits from rotting through contact with the soil, and to inhibit the growth of other plants, such as weeds.
hydrology	The study of the distribution, properties and effects of water on the earth's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks and in the atmosphere.
visual resource management	The inventory and planning actions taken to identify visual values and to establish objectives for managing those values; and the management actions taken to achieve the visual management objectives.
forest tree breeding	The genetic manipulation of trees, usually involving selection, testing, and controlled mating, to solve some specific problem or to produce a specially desired product.
easement	A legal right for restricted use of property by the easement holder
grazing tenure	the use and control of range land for cattle grazing purposes (common usage) return to top
smouldering fire	A fire burning without flame and barely spreading.
joystick	A hydraulic control lever that can be operated in up to four directions, controlling a number of functions through one hydraulic valve.
bark	The tough exterior covering of a woody root or stem that protects the tree from injury caused by insects and other animals, by other plants, by disease and by fire.
occluded front or occlusion	The front that is formed when and where a cold front overtakes a warm front or a stationary front.
stress wave timing	A method of measuring the apparent stiffness of a material by measuring the speed of an induced compression stress as it propagates through the material.
nectar	Sweet liquid produced by special glands in flowers (called nectaries) to attract insects.
feller chipper	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
adult wood	Wood produced after cambial cells have attained maximum dimensions.
exporter	Wholesaler or broker selling to a foreign market.
canopy	(1) More or less continuous cover of branches and foliage formed collectively by adjacent tree crowns
defoliator	Organism that feeds on the foliage of plants
external payload	Maximum external stress load (in pounds) with full fuel and pilot in calm air at standard atmospheric temperature.
squall line	Any nonfrontal line or narrow band of active thunderstorms extending across the horizon
solar radiation	Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Sun
intensive forest management	NULL
log landing	area where logs are accumulated prior to loading on trucks
scaling	Determination of the gross and net volume of logs using the customary commercial volumetric units for the product involved.
shortwood harvesting	Felling and cross-cutting on the spot, i.e
reaeration	The net flux of oxygen occurring from the atmosphere to a body of water with a free surface.
opportunity wood	Potential woody biomass resources available for salvage following natural disturbances—for example, wood damaged by insect pests such as the mountain pine beetle, by disease, or by fire or wind — or forestry activities — for example, small-diameter or other trees left standing
hot-spotting	Checking the spread of fire at points of more rapid spread or special threat
canopy	The combined cover of individual tree crowns.
feral animal	wild exotic animal; usually refers to introduced animal species, like foxes, cats and pigs, in Australia.
the nature conservancy	A nonprofit conservation organization founded in 1951
evergreen	Having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year, such as pine, spruce, or juniper.
generator	A machine that converts one form of energy into another; especially mechanical energy into electrical energy, as a dynamo, or electrical energy into sound, as an acoustic generator.
elongated leaf	Leaf that is a lot longer than it is wide.
parts of a fire	Different areas of the fire usually determined by the predominant direction of fire spread and delineated from the fastest moving area (head) to the slowest moving area (base or tail)
water cycle	The water cycle the natural cycle in which the sun's energy evaporates water into the atmosphere, and the water vapor condenses, returning to the Earth as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, etc.).
square	An instrument used to lay out or test right angles, with two arms at 90 degrees to each other; the longer and wider arm is the blade, the shorter narrower arm is the tongue.
hose clamp	Crimping device for stopping the flow of water in a hose.
merchantable height	The maximum stem length above which no other commercially valuable wood product can be manufactured.
drawer stop	A device installed in a cabinet to limit the drawers' movement.
council tool	Long-handled combination rake and cutting tool, the blade of which is constructed of a single row of three or four sharpened teeth
oysters	A few woods are cut into oysters, a cross-section of end grain either at right angles to the grain or at an oblique angle.
pole	Young tree at least 4 inches and less than 8 to 12 inches in d.b.h
gender	Social elaboration of sex-based differences
boring	Starting a cut in the center of a log using the tip of the saw blade
water table	The upper limit of a saturated zone in the soil.
selective harvesting	NULL
coupling	Device that connects the ends of adjacent hoses or other components of hose.
ground fog	Fog which extends vertically to less than 20 feet.
erosion	the process in which a material is worn away by a stream of liquid (water) or air, often due to the presence of abrasive particles in the stream.
azimuth	Horizontal angle or bearing of a point measured clockwise from true (astronomic) north.
hydrology	(In the context of this guide) Refers to the properties, distribution, discharge, re-charge, and movement of surface and sub-surface water.
impermeable	Unable to permit water or roots to move through freely (see Impervious Surface).
natural resources	The elements of supply inherent to an area that can be used to satisfy human needs, including air, soil, water, native vegetation, minerals and wildlife.
symmetrical construction	Panels in which the plies on one side of a center ply or core are essentially equal in thickness, grain direction, properties, and arrangements to those on the other side of the core.
buffer strip	A band of forest left relatively undisturbed so as to protect some element of the environment, such as a streambank from erosion.
biodiversity	The variety of living organisms (plants, animals, and micro-organisms) upon the earth and the interactions and ecosystems they form and are part of.
wastewater	water that has been used in homes, industries, and businesses that is not for reuse unless it is treated.
break	A piece of equipment that bends metal sheeting into perfect angles.
finland	a Scandinavian country that borders Russia to the northwest; Finland also borders the Baltic Sea.
classification accuracy	How closely the map classes match the vegetation communities found on the landscape
rwd	Redwood
maximum management area	The maximum geographic limits of spread within which a wildland fire use fire is allowed to spread.
ecosystem	An interacting natural system including all the component organisms together with the abiotic environment and processes affecting them.
off-highway truck	A truck designed to handle loads exceeding legal highway size and weight restrictions
null	non reboisé
dry hydrant	Permanent devices with fire engine threads attached to expedite drafting operations in locations where there are water sources suitable for use in fire suppression (e.g., piers, wharves, bridges over streams, highways adjacent to ponds).
vestigial	Organ that is diminished in size and often nonfunctional.
cross-sectional area	Wet area of a waterbody normal to the longitudinal component of the flow.
pendant	An ornamental termination to the low end of a hammer post, king post, queen post, etc.
spacing control	Act of creating, within the limits of the existing stand, a uniform distribution of trees that provides optimum growing space for each tree by eliminating overcrowding
null	repiquage
foam systems	The apparatus and techniques used to mix concentrate with water to make solution, pump and mix air and solution to make foam, and transport and apply foam
feller skidder	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
half-blind dovetail	A dovetail joint where the cut does not go all the way through the board
iea	International Energy Agency.
suppressed tree	NULL
deep ripping	NULL
ets	See New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS)
water quality management plans	Prescribe the regulatory, construction, and management activities necessary to meet the water body goals.
hardwoods	a general term encompassing broadleaf, deciduous trees.
gouge	A chisel like tool with a curved cutting edge.
other public	See ownership classes.
miscellaneous private	See ownership classes.
sounding	A sampling of upper air conditions made by means of instruments and a small radio transmitter on a free balloon
thousand board feet	A unit of measurement equal to 1,000 feet of wood having a thickness of one inch.
protozoa	Single-celled animal-like microorganisms whose cells have a nucleus
stand type	NULL
demographic collapse	A rapid, devastating decline in population, as happened to Native Americans when Europeans brought disease, differing economies, and new forms of warfare to the "New World" after 1492.
bedrock	Rock substrate that underlies all soil, sand, clay, gravel, and glacial material on the earth's surface.
allowable property	The value of a property normally published for design used
information city	A city which acts as a focus for information, especially via high-technology
warm season grasses	Grasses that develop most rapidly during the summer when warm nights follow hot days.
flight visibility	Average forward horizontal distance from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night.
null	buttage
monoculture	1
bead	A semicircular piece of molding.
cache	A pre-determined complement of tools, equipment and/or supplies stored in a designated location, available for incident use.
target stand	A target stand is a description of the desired condition of a stand at a chosen time in the future, and is useful for long term stand planning
transpiration	The process by which water vapor is lost to the atmosphere from living plants.
empty-cell process	Any process for impregnating wood with preservatives or chemicals in which air is imprisoned in the wood under the pressure of the entering preservative and then expands, when the pressure is released, to drive out part of the injected preservative.
cumulonimbus	The ultimate growth of a cumulus cloud into an anvil-shaped cloud with considerable vertical development, usually with fibrous ice crystal tops, and usually accompanied by lightning, thunder, hail, and strong winds.
chlorophyll	the pigment that gives plants their green colouring; it is required for the absorption of light during photosynthesis.
stabilisation	Keeping constant the atmospheric concentrations of one or more greenhouse gases (eg carbon dioxide) or of a CO2-equivalent basket of greenhouse gases
king post	A central, vertical post extending from the bent plate or girt to the junction of the rafters at roof peak.
biotechnology	As defined in the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, the application of science and engineering in the direct or indirect use of living organisms, or parts or products of living organisms, in their natural or modified forms
hibernation	Sleeplike stage in which an organism's metabolism is reduced to its lowest level.
orbital sander	An electric sander that moves the abrasive in an elliptical pattern.
broadcast burning	Prescribed burning activity where fire is applied generally to most or all of an area within well defined boundaries for reduction of fuel hazard, as a resource management treatment, or both.
wetland	Transitional area between dry land and aquatic areas having a high water table of shallow water
shrub	A woody plant usually branched several times at or near the base giving a bushy appearance, usually less than 20 feet tall.
solar activity	The Sun exhibits periods of high activity observed in numbers of sunspots, as well as radiative output, magnetic activity, and emission of high energy particles
embrittlement	A loss in strength or energy absorption without a corresponding loss in stiffness
wood flower	Wood reduced to finely divided particles, approximately the same as those of cereal flours in size, appearance, and texture.
null	taungya, méthode
global warming	The rise in temperature of the Earth's atmosphere due to the greenhouse effect.
projection	A potential future evolution of a quantity or set of quantities, often computed with the aid of a model
dibble planting	Sowing seeds or setting out seedlings in rough holes made with a stick or peg
seed source	The locality where a seed lot was collected usually defined on an eco-geographic basis by distance, elevation, precipitation, latitude, etc.
principal species	The species to which the silviculture of a mixed forest is primarily directed, either for its (or their) economic or protective value.
lumber tally	A record of lumber giving the number of boards or pieces by width, thickness, length, grade and species.
vegetative propagation	Reproduction by other than sexually produced seed
corrosion	Result of chemical reaction between a metal and its environment (i.e., air, water, and impurities in same).
wetland	An area that is saturated by surface water or ground water with vegetation adapted for life under those soil conditions, as in swamps, bogs, fens, marshes, and estuaries.
molle	Circle of twisted strands of wire rope used as a temporary line to connect the eye splices of two lines
larva	The immature, wingless, feeding stage of an insect that undergoes complete metamorphosis.
non-governmental organisation	A non-profit group or association organised outside of institutionalised political structures to realise particular social and/or environmental objectives or serve particular constituencies.
periphery	The edge or line around the outside of anything; the surrounding region
null	repiqueuse
contour ploughing	NULL
genome	The complete genetic material in a particular organism
mass wasting	Downslope transport of soil and rocks due to gravitational stress.
trim allowance	Extra length allowed when bucking logs or estimating volume to account for less from end injuries or uneven cuts.
progressive clear-strip system	NULL
dowel center	A circular metal pin with a raised point that is inserted into a dowel hole and used to locate the exact center on a mating piece of wood.
river	A river is a large, flowing body of water that usually empties into a sea or ocean.
ephemeral stream	a watercourse which flows infrequently.
carried wet	Booster hose carried full of water during mild weather to speed discharge of water on fire without filling or priming from tank.
expert witness	Someone with sufficient skill, knowledge, or experience in a given field so as to be capable of drawing inferences or reaching conclusions or opinions that an average person would not be competent to reach
conifer	Tree that is a gymnosperm, usually evergreen, with cones and needle-shaped or scalelike leaves, producing wood known commercially as softwood (17).
residuum	Unconsolidated and partially weathered mineral materials accumulated by disintegration of consolidated rock in place.
free-to-grow	NULL
galvanize	Coating a piece of metal with zinc, a metal that resists corrosion
containing several nuclei.	Plurinucléé
gum pocket	An excessive local accumulation of gum or resin in the wood.
foliage	The cluster of green leaves on a tree.
lucas	See Land Use and Carbon System Analysis.
soil compaction	An increase in bulk density (weight per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure
biorefinery	The refining or separating of raw materials, such as biomass into their molecular components—mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin—then further refining or transforming these intermediates into further manufactured products such as energy, fuels, chemicals and material.
delimber	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines.
payload	Gross weight of a loaded vehicle minus the weight of the vehicle itself (24).
harrowing	NULL
smog	Mixture of polluting particles and water drops in the atmosphere that forms a thick fog in industrial regions.
plunge router	A router mounted on a spring loaded base
pool	Portion of a stream with reduced current velocity, often with deeper water than surrounding areas and with a smooth surface.
clearcutting	A silvicultural method in which most merchantable trees in a stand are harvested simultaneously, producing a fully exposed microclimate for the development of a new age class.
stain	A discoloration in wood caused by a chemicals, fungus, or minerals
access management	management of all access road construction, deconstruction, maintenance and deactivation
moisture content	Amount of water present in a material such as wood or soil
positive displacement pump	A pump which moves a specified quantity of water through the pump chamber with each stroke or cycle; it is capable of pumping air, and therefore is self-priming, but must have pressure relief provisions if plumbing or hoses have shut-off nozzles or valves
null	végétation concurrente ou indésirable
root stripping	1
agency/area coordination center	A facility which serves as a central point for one or more agencies to use in processing information and resource requests
ectoparasite	External parasite that lives permanently on the body of a vertebrate or in accessible openings, such as the nose or ears
scaffold	A temporary platform either supported from below or suspended from above, on which workers sit or stand while performing tasks at heights above the ground.
slick	A wide bladed and long handled chisel pushed by hand to create flat surfaces.
legume	Pod-bearing plant, characterized by their fruits having a single-cavity ovary, such as peas, beans, and clovers
register	The process of correlating objects on an aerial photograph with locations on the surface of the Earth using a defined coordinate system
photo interpretation key	A description of the distinguishing features that make up the signature of each map class
conduction	Heat transfer through a material from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
particulate matter	Solid particles or liquid droplets suspended or carried in the air.
double female coupling	A hose-coupling device having two female swivel couplings to permit joining two male hose nipples of the same size and thread type when lines are laid with couplings in opposite or reverse directions.
soil type	Soils that are alike in all characteristics, including texture of the topsoil
infiltration capacity	The capacity of a soil to allow water to infiltrate into or through it during a storm.
productivity	The rate of production of wood of given specifications, by volume or weight, for a given area
high-forest-with-reserves system	An accessory system in which selected trees of the old crop, scattered or in groups, are retained after regeneration is completed, for the whole or a part of the next rotation.
riparian zone	An administratively defined distance from the water's edge that can include riparian plant communities and upland plant communities
conservation	the management of the natural environment to ensure its survival ; a state of harmony between humans and the land; management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to present generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations; a term covering preservation, maintenance, sustainable utilisation, restoration and enhancement of the environment.
iclei	International Council of Local Environmental Initiatives.
photosynthesis	The process by which a plant or tree combines water and carbon dioxide with energy from the sun to make glucose and oxygen.
pacific coast states	Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, and Hawaii (10).
wetland	An area distinguished by the presence of water at or near the surface, having unique soil conditions, and supporting vegetation adapted to wet conditions.
mobilization guide	A written description of procedures used by federal, state, and local organizations for activating, assembling, and transporting resources that have been requested to respond to or support an incident.
stakeholder	A person or an organisation that has a legitimate interest in a project or entity, or would be affected by a particular action or policy.
needle cast	Reddening or browning of needles, sometimes leading to premature shedding of foliage.
endangered species	any species of plant or animal defined through the Endangered Species Act of 1976 as being in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, and published in the Federal Register.
increment	The increase in diameter, basal area, height, volume, quality, or value of individual trees or stands during a given period
precure	Condition of too much cure, set, or solvent loss of the adhesive before pressure is applied resulting in inadequate flow, transfer, and bonding.
budbreak	The initiation of growth from a bud; when a plant's buds open.
warp	A defect in lumber characterized by bending in one or more directions; any deviation of the face or edge of a board from flatness, or any edge that is not at right angles to the adjacent face or edge; the most common forms of warp are bow, crook, cup, and twist.
flora	the plant life of a region.
site class	(1) Classification based on ecological factors and the potential production capacity of an area; a measure of the relative production capacity of a site
nail staining	Caused when the metal bleeds around the nail hole.
unified command	In ICS, unified command is a unified team effort which allows all agencies with jurisdictional responsibility for the incident, either geographical or functional, to manage an incident by establishing a common set of incident objectives and strategies
mist propagation	An irrigation technique for rooting cuttings where water, with or without fertilizers, is sprayed in minute drops on the plants.
design value	A measurement of strength in lumber, involving basic properties of wood
forest type	A group of forested areas or stands of similar composition; forest types are usually separated and identified by species composition and often by height and crown closure classes.
medium density fiberboard	A special type of tempered hardboard characterized by a very fine, smooth finish
lifting processes	Any of the processes that lead to upward vertical motion in the atmosphere
pole stage	NULL
forest tree species	Group of individuals that possess common characteristics and are capable of producing fertile progeny
band application	Applying pesticides and/or fertilizers in a linear strip on or along crop rows rather than over the entire ground area.
admission	Oral or written statement tending to link its maker to involvement in a particular crime.
rare ecosystems	infrequently occurring; uncommon functional unit consisting of all the living organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) in a given area, and all the nonliving physical and chemical factors of their environment, linked together through nutrient cycling and energy flow
lumber tally	Record of lumber giving the number of boards or pieces by size, grade, and species; often expressed in MBF.
roughness coefficient	A factor in velocity and discharge formulas representing the effects of channel roughness on energy losses in flowing water
transgenic	Genetically engineered to contain DNA from an external source, such as another species or a different variety
application accepted	The status of a climate change scheme application received by MPI ETS (Forestry) that reflects the act of accepting an application post evaluation for completeness of the application content
null	trouée
physiognomic modifiers	Modifiers used for mapping to describe the physiognomic structure of the vegetation found within a mapped polygon (coverage density, coverage pattern, and height.
stratosphere	The highly stratified region of the atmosphere above the troposphere extending from about 10 km (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) to about 50 km altitude
orthotropic	Refers to having unique and independent properties in three mutually orthogonal planes of symmetry; longitudinal, radial, and tangential.
eutrophication	The enrichment of water by nutrients, especially compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, that will accelerate the growth of algae and higher forms of plant life
stilling basin	Also called an energy dissipater, a stilling basin slows fast-moving water from a dam’s spillway in order to prevent erosion of the downstream channel
satisfactorily stocked	NULL
patch cut	a clearcut on a small area.plane surface- lumber that has a smooth surface from being run through a planer or surfacing machine
asymmetrical	Having corresponding parts that are irregularly arranged in relation to one another
rostrum	Rigid or segmented projection on the anterior part of some insect head bearing the mouth parts.
vegetation key	See dichotomous field key.
ridge	An elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure extending from the center of a high-pressure region.
seedling	A young tree, grown from seed, from the time of germination to the sapling stage, having a diameter at breast height of no more than 1 cm and a height of no more than 1.5 m
rotor diameter	The main rotor arc in feet and inches (meters)
drive wheel	The portion of a band saw's pulley-like drive system that propels the blade forward.
forest type	A natural group or association of different species of trees which commonly occur together over a large area
biennial	A plant that normally takes two years to reach sexual maturity, producing leaves in the first year, blooming and producing fruit in its second year, and then dying.
yarding tower	Steel tower used on a steel spar skidder
land use	Typically a group of similar on-the-ground human uses described as a single category
gaging station	a site on a stream, lake, reservoir or other body of water where observations and hydrologic data are obtained
alkaline	sometimes water or soils contain an amount of alkali (strongly basic) substances sufficient to raise the pH value above 7.0 and be harmful to the growth of crops.
beetle	A heavy wooden mallet or maul used when material would be damaged by a sledge hammer.
delignification	Removal of part or all of the lignin from wood by chemical treatment.
forest tree nursery	NULL
service forester	a professional forester employed by the California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection (Cal Fire)
settleable solids	Those solids that will settle to the bottom of a cone-shaped container, an Imhoff cone, in a 60-minute period.
establishment	The process of developing a crop to the stage at which the young trees may be considered established, i.e., safe from juvenile mortality and no longer in need of special protection or special tending, but only routine cleaning and thinning.
parts per billion	the number of "parts" by weight of a substance per billion parts of water
seed year	The year in which a tree species produces, either as an individual or a crop, an adequate amount of seed; applies to any species but particularly to those with irregular or infrequent seed production.
shelterwood strip system	NULL
peak flow	The maximum instantaneous rate of flow during a storm or other period of time.
cone	Reproductive structure of conifers consisting of a central axis covered with scales that are tightly pressed together
below-ground biomass	All living biomass of live roots
finger joint	A method of joining two pieces of lumber end-to-end by sawing a set of projecting "fingers" that interlock into the end of each piece
moulding stock	Developed in the making of other standard grades; each piece is graded on the basis of the percentage of the area suitable for ripping into strips of a given minimum size and quality.
fruit	Reproductive organ of plants that results from fertilization of the flower and contains the seeds.
dbh	NULL
water thief	A type of bleeder valve designed for installation at convenient points in hose lines to permit drawing off water for filling backpack pumps or other use without interfering with pump or nozzle operation.
biotic impairment	A divergence from the expected biological condition of a lake, stream or wetland, commonly in a fish and/or macroinvertebrate community.
safenet	A form and process, used by wildland firefighting agencies, for reporting and resolving incidents relating to firefighter safety
assessable income	Income which is subject to tax.
ground water	The supply of fresh water found beneath the earth's surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs
flanking fire suppression	Attacking a fire by working along the flanks either simultaneously or successively from a less active or anchor point and endeavoring to connect two lines at the head.
bare-root seedling	Seedlings grown 2-4 years in a nursery, then up-rooted and planted. Tree nursery practices include root pruning, fertilization, transplanting, and chemical control. Bare-root seedlings have coded numbers that indicate the number of years since germination and the number of years since transplant. "3-0 red pine" would be stock that spent three years in the nursery but was not transplanted. "3-1" red pine spent three years in the nursery, then was transplanted and grown for another year. Total age would be 4 years. Older trees have better chances of survival but are larger and more difficult to plant. See "containerized" seedlings.
sticker stain	Sometimes called shadow, it's a stain that forms under the stickers in a stack of drying wood.
mean sea level	A measure of the surface of the Earth, usually represented in feet above mean sea level
supplemental fire department resources	Overhead tied to a local fire department, generally by agreement, who are mobilized primarily for response to incidents or wildland fires outside their district or mutual aid zone
stand	An area of forest where the combination of trees share common biological and ecological factors. Adjacent stands have enough differences to be distinguishable from each other.
null	répartition des classes d'âge
caliper	Instrument for determining tree and log diameters by measuring their rectangular projection on a straight graduated rule via two arms at right angles to (and one of them sliding along) the rule itself
df	Douglas Fir
decay	The decomposition of wood by fungi
zero clearance insert	A blank insert for a table saw, the blade is raised up through it to create a kerf close to the sides of the blade.
featured-species management	A type of wildlife management that does not attempt to manage for all species, but selects a few species of particular concern or interest (for example, big game species or endangered species) and aims management programs at them
spring steel alloy	A type of hardened steel that has both hardness and yield strength.
ph	a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of water
sanitary sewer overflows	Properly designed, operated, and maintained sanitary sewer systems are meant to collect and transport all of the sewage that flows into them to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW)
hundredweight	A unit of weight, used by carriers as a basis to measure freight rates on lumber shipments.
blade	Thin, flat part of a leaf.
siding	The finish covering of the outside wall of a fame building, whether made of horizontal weather boards, vertical boards with battens, shingles, or other material.
nanocrystalline cellulose	Nano structures made from pure cellulose used in coating, papermaking, drug delivery, biocide dispersion, composite products, etc.
community	The collection of organisms included in a sampling unit (plot, quadrat, stand, etc.)
infrared groundlink	A capability through the use of a special mobile ground station to receive air-to-ground IR imagery at an incident.
green manuring	Increasing the fertility of soil by raising suitable herbaceous crops on it, particularly Fabaceae, but also Cruciferae and Gramineae, and digging or ploughing them while succulent, with or without supplementary fertilizers.
density rules	A procedure for segregating wood according to density, based on percentage of latewood and number of growth rings per inch of radius.
diameter	diameter at breast height (dbh) [diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (dhp)]: The stem diameter of a tree measured at breast height (1.3 m above ground level).
haze meter	Instrument for measuring the dependable range of distance at which a standard smoke column can be detected by the unaided eye under existing haze conditions.
sawhorse	A trestle usually used in pairs to hold wood for cutting.
substrate	The mineral and/or organic material forming the bottom of a waterway or water body.
fire hazardous areas	Those wildland areas where the combination of vegetation, topography, weather, and the threat of fire to life and property create difficult and dangerous problems.
extinction	The complete disappearance of an entire biological species.
overtopped tree	NULL
discharge	the volume of water that passes a given location within a given period of time
disease	Harmful deviation from normal functioning of physiological processes, generally pathogenic or environmental in origin.
intensity based obligation	An obligation for a participant in an emissions trading scheme to surrender units on an intensity basis (ie, one unit for every tonne of CO2-e emitted per unit of activity).
service forester	a professional forester employed by the California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection (Cal Fire). Service foresters help private woodland owners develop and implement forest management plans.
pollarding	Cutting back the crown of a tree (removal of dead, diseased or unwanted branches).
advance regeneration	Young trees under existing stands capable of becoming the next crop
hardness	a water-quality indication of the concentration of alkaline salts in water, mainly calcium and magnesium
backfire	A purposely ignited slow burning fire on the downwind side of the field often used in conjunction with other burn methods.
cost unit	Functional unit within the Finance/Administration Section responsible for collecting all cost data, performing cost effectiveness analyses, and providing cost estimates and cost saving advice.
forage lichens	Pendulous hairlike lichens, typically yellowish, greenish, or brownish; commonly consumed by mammals, such as deer (hence "forage"); also known as "alectorioid lichens." See examples.
arson	At common law, the malicious and willful burning of another's dwelling, outhouse or parcel; by most modern statutes, the intentional and wrongful burning of someone else's, or one's own, property
lignicolous	Growing in or on wood.
mobilization center	An off-incident location at which emergency service personnel and equipment are temporarily located pending assignment, release, or reassignment.
temperature coefficient	The relative change of some measurable quantity with change of temperature, like burning time per unit length, mostly expressed as mean change per degree in percentage of mean temperature within a certain range.
net value change	The sum of the changes in the value of natural resources affected by a fire
lichen	An obligate mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner (either green algae, cyanobacteria, or both).
shy	A term for an adjoining object being below the object it is next to
ccis	Climate Change Information System.
rough lumber	Lumber which has not been dressed or surfaced but has been sawn, edged, and trimmed.
block	Pulley used in wire rope logging to change direction or increase pulling power (24)
vertical aerial photography	See Aerial Photography.
land/resource management plan	A document prepared with public participation and approved by an agency administrator that provides general guidance and direction for land and resource management activities for an administrative area
severity index	A number that indicates the relative net effects of daily fire danger on the fire load for an area during a specified period, such as a fire season.
biological diversity or biodiversity	the variety of life in all its forms and all its levels of organization
lignin	Main component of wood.
biocriteria monitoring	The use of organisms to assess or monitor environmental conditions.
methodology	A set of standardized procedures and practices that have been peer-reviewed and have received general acceptance by the profession.
null	traitement (des semences)
compensation/claims unit	Functional unit within the Finance/Administration Section responsible for the overall management and direction of all Compensation-for-Injury and Claims Specialists assigned to the incident.
abundance	the number of organisms in a population, combining density within inhabited areas with number and size of inhabited areas
gene stacking	Combining desired traits, for example, pest resistance and herbicide tolerance, in a genetically modified organism.
snag	Standing dead tree from which the leaves and most of the branches have fallen (22)
igo	Intergovernmental organisation.
ecosystem	An interactive system that includes the organisms of a natural community association together with their abiotic physical, chemical and geochemical environment.
n1e	Nose One Edge
broadleaf forests	the general description of forests composed principally of trees and shrubs of the botanical group of flowering species (angiosperms) which is in contrast to conifers or pines (gymnosperms); often called hardwood forests, though in New South Wales broadleaf forests include both eucalypt forests (hardwood) and rainforest (brushwood or softwood)
plain-sawn lumber	A method of sawing lumber, where the log is cut tangential to the growth rings.
decay	Decomposition of wood caused by micro-organisms, mostly fungi
taungya plantation	The raising of a forest crop in conjunction with a temporary agricultural crop.
shackle	A clevis or U-shaped metal fitting with a pin through the ends.
extractives	Chemicals within the cells of wood that can be gotten out by some form of treatment, often soaking in water
intensive silviculture	Application of cultural measures which, in addition to simply maintaining the forest cover, will allow an increase in the value or volume of the cut.
wellused trails	a widely used, unrestricted right of way acknowledged as receiving a significant amount of public use
foot	A unit of lineal measurement usually used to indicate the length of lumber.
miner	Organism that feeds inside the blade of a leaf, between the epidermal layers, or beneath the bark of plants, by first excavating a mine into these tissues.
stand table	Table showing the number of trees by species and diameter classes, generally per unit area of a stand
hard seed	Seed having coats that resist cracking or breaking and may be more or less impermeable to water.
wye	A hose connection with two outlets permitting two connections of the same coupling diameter to be taken from a single supply line.
ecosystem	A system of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment
pfcs	See Perfluorocarbons
response	Movement of an individual firefighting resource from its assigned standby location to another location or to an incident in reaction to dispatch orders or to a reported alarm.
humus	Layer of decomposed organic matter on the forest floor beneath the fermentation layer and directly above the soil
turbidity	Measures particles in the water, such as sediment and algae
peat	A low density, slightly decomposed, fibrous organic soil composed largely of plant material, such as sphagnum moss, reeds, and sedge.
timberland	means land, other than land owned by the federal government and land designated by the board as experimental forest land, which is available for, and capable of, growing a crop of trees of any commercial species used to produce lumber and other forest products, including Christmas trees
electroporation	A transformation method in which a weak electric current induces the formation of transient pores in the membrane of a cell, hence allowing new genes to enter the cell.
muck	Dark-colored, finely textured, well-decomposed organic soil with little or no recognizable fiber.
new zealand unit	A unit of emission in the New Zealand Emission Trading Scheme; in principle comparable to and backed by a Kyoto Unit.
thinning weight	NULL
certifying official	The agency official at the home unit who is responsible for authorizing and granting position certification per agency policy
dissolved oxygen	The amount of oxygen dissolved in water
null	système des coupes progressives par bandes
latewood	Wood cells produced at the end of the growing season that make up the darker section of an annual ring
live herbaceous moisture content	Ratio of the amount of water to the amount of dry plant material in herbaceous plants, i.e., grasses and forbs.
bandsaw	A saw that uses a continuous metal blade with teeth rotating on two (or more) wheels.
means of production	Tools, machinery, land, and so forth necessary in the production process
herbicide	Chemical used to kill or retard the growth of plants; weed killer (17).
dbh	Diameter of a tree at breast height or 4 ½ feet above ground
fire frequency	A general term referring to the recurrence of fire in a given area over time.
controlled burn	see prescribed burn
tributary	A smaller river or stream that joins a larger one and contributes to its water flow.
microbevel	An extremely narrow bevel along a cutting edge, which increases the sharpness angle for greater edge durability.
flux	Movement and transport of mass of any water quality constituent over a given period of time
fire pack	A one-person unit of fire tools, equipment, and supplies prepared in advance for carrying on the back.
fragmentation	The splitting or isolating of patches of similar habitat, typically forest cover, but including other types of habitat
residual	Trees that are left to grow in a stand after a silvicultural treatment.
seedtree	A method of regenerating a forest whereby all trees on an area are cut except for several per acre which are left to provide seed to reseed the harvested area
turpentine	A distilled chemical produced from tapping into a living pine and harvesting the sap.
anderson classification system	A land cover/land use classification system developed for use with remote sensing systems in the 1970's adopted for the USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program to map cultural land cover (Anderson et al
harvest	A silvicultural treatment that is intended to establish regeneration
winding sticks	Two narrow, thin, pieces of material whose edges are perfectly parallel when placed on each end of a work piece
parallel tandem pumping	Procedure by which the flow from two fire pumps is combined into a third pump.
null	mixte
freezing rain	Rain that freezes upon contact with objects on the ground.
molding	A strip of material with a profile cut on the facing edges, used for trimming.
carbon tax	A carbon tax is a price based measure designed to change consumer behaviour, by applying a tax on CO 2-e equivalent emissions
total solar irradiance	The amount of solar radiation received outside the Earth's atmosphere on a surface normal to the incident radiation, and at the Earth's mean distance from the sun
seeps	See Perched Water.
plurinucleate	Containing several nuclei.
geographical information system	A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computerized mapping system supported by a relational database
planetary wave	A wave in the atmospheric circulation, in one of the principal zones of the westerly winds, characterized by a great length and a significant amplitude.
thermocline	The plane or surface of maximum rate of decrease of temperature with respect to depth in a water body.
transpiration	The realease of water vapor from a plant or tree's leaves, flowers, stem or roots to the atmosphere.
gene bank	An ex situ conservation facility that stores plant germplasm of various species in the form of pollen, seeds, or tissue culture
transformation	Transfer of foreign DNA into the cell of an organism to change its genetic makeup
pilot balloon operation	A method of determining winds aloft by periodically reading the elevation and azimuth angles of a theodolite, usually at one-minute intervals, while tracking the ascent of a small free-lift balloon
null	jardinage par arbre
dim	Dimension
humus layer	NULL
scale	The relationship between a distance portrayed on a map and the same distance on the Earth (Dana, 1999)
fire resources	All personnel and equipment available or potentially available for assignment to incidents.
lightweight ignition source	Objects that tend to rest on the surface of the materials first ignited
particle gun transformation	See biolistics.
pollution	The presence of matter or energy whose nature, location or quantity produces undesired environmental effects
community	A group of plants and animals living in a specific region living under relatively similar conditions; and the region or habitat in which they live, i.e., forest community.
joint information center	A facility established as the central point of contact for news media and interest parties to coordinate incident information activities at the scene of the incident
feeding on nectar.	Nectarivore
contingency actions	A back-up plan of action when actions described in the primary plan are no longer appropriate
shoulder	The area of the void created when the waste around a tenon has been cut away.
forb	A plant with an herbaceous (soft, rather than permanent woody) stem, that is not a grass or grasslike plant.
stool	1
negation of the negation	The following are references in Hegel to ’negation-of-the-negation’, which is close to the Hegelian "triad" of thesis-antithesis-synthesis:
silviculture	The art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet the diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis (Society of American Foresters, 1998).
side-hole planting	NULL
fire perimeter	The entire outer edge or boundary of a fire.
longline	A line or set of lines, usually in 50' increments, used in external load operations that allow the helicopter to place loads in areas in which the helicopter could not safely land.
georeference	The process of converting a map or image into real-world coordinates
over-all dimensions	The measurements-of thickness, width, or length-of a piece of lumber which are used to compute the space occupied.
sap	The water in a tree which is rich in minerals and nutrients.
mbf	Thousand board feet
mortality	Number or sound wood volume of healthy trees that have died from natural causes during a specified period (33).
climate shift	An abrupt shift or jump in mean values signalling a change in climate regime (see Patterns of climate variability)
genetically modified organism	An organism that has had its DNA sequence altered through genetic engineering, a natural process, or the action of mutagens.
forest-dependent community	A community that depends on a forest region for at least 50 percent of its total economy.
dbh	Diameter Breast Height. A standard place to measure a tree diameter, 4.5 feet from the ground. This point is easy to reach and avoids the trunk flare at the base of the tree.
tooth back clearance angle	The angle that measures the amount of space, or clearance between the tooth back and the work piece.
place	A portion of geographical space occupied by a person or thing, and thus given meaning
deflection	Vertical distance between the chord and the skyline, measured at midspan; frequently expressed as a percentage of the horizontal span length (22).
environmental determinism	The theory that the physical environment (especially climate) controls human character and behavior and consequently human cultures and societies.
disc trenching	Furrows dug into the soil by a plow pulled behind a large machine in preparation for tree planting.
volume table	A table listing the approximate volume of wood in a tree based on its height and diameter at breast height.
sealed bid sale	Sale in which interested parties submit written bids at the time and place specified.
micropropagation	In vitro asexual reproduction of a plant from a fragment of plant tissue
phloem	The inner part of a trees bark that delivers water and other nutrients.
carrying capacity	The maximum number of healthy wildlife that a given habitat or area can support without degradation of the habitat.
arson task force	Group of individuals convened to analyze, investigate and solve arson problems in a particular region.
stand density index	NULL
officer	The ICS title for personnel responsible for the Command Staff positions of Safety, Liaison, and Information.
age gradation	An age class of one or at the most a few years.
kilogram	one thousand grams.
tongs	A pair of curved arms that pivot like scissors so that a pull on the ring connecting the shorter segments will cause the points on the long segments to bite into the logs
opportunities	potential or possibilities of action and change (Common Usage) return to top
seral	A biotic community which is a developmental transitory stage in an ecologic succession.
humidity	General term referring to the moisture content of the atmosphere.
haul	Conveying wood from a loading point to an unloading point
board foot	A unit of measure of wood 1" thick, and 1 foot on each side
muskeg	Tract of partly forested peat-land supporting mosses, shrubby plants, and scattered trees.
slump	A landslide where the underlying rock masses tilt back as they slide from a cliff or escarpment
visually effective greenup	the stage at which regeneration is seen by the public as newly established forest
capstan	Drum that provides power to a cable by friction rather than by attachment (24).
stage	Distinct period separating the successive moults that occur during larval development
flammable liquid	A liquid generally with a flash point below 140F (60C) and a vapor pressure that does not exceed 40 PSI at 100F (37.8C).
rack and pinion	A system using two gears, one round, and one flat, to move a part
mfe	Ministry for the Environment.
multiple fire-day	In FireFamily Plus, a day with both a weather observation and a number of fires equal to or greater than that determined by the user to be a significant workload.
suspended solids concentration	The amount of organic and inorganic particles suspended in water
merchantable height	the point on a tree stem to which the stem is salable. Limits are: the point at which a sawlog tree is less than 8 inches in diameter, measured inside the bark (dib); the point at which a pulpwood tree is less than 4 inches dib; or the point on any tree where a defect is found that cannot be processed out.
heart stain	A discoloration of the heartwood.
forest industry	See ownership classes.
step test	Five-minute test used to predict a person's ability to take in, transport, and use oxygen (aerobic capacity), the most important factor limiting the ability to perform arduous work.
matrix lichen	A macrolichen species with a green-algal photosynthetic partner and not a forage lichen
article	An Article of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, or the Kyoto Protocol.
template guide	A jig mounted to the bottom of a router that is used to keep the router on the profile of a template when routing with a non-pilot beating bit.
area commander	The ICS position responsible for the overall direction of incident management teams assigned to the same incident or incidents in close proximity managed under Area Command
scale	The size of extent of a given process
external yarding distance	Slope distance from the landing to the farthest point within the cutting unit boundary (22).
null	amélioration forestière
upland	A higher area that does not hold water for an extended period of time (less than two weeks).
fire endurance	A measure of the time during which a material or assembly continues to exhibit fire resistance under specified conditions of test and performance.
absorption	Act of soaking up and retaining a gas in liquid or in a solid; also retention of radiant energy.
null	stagnant
basal injection	A treatment consisting of forcing a liquid or an encapsulated herbicide into the basal portion of a tree.
flotation	Tractive ability of the transport device to resist sinkage into the medium being traversed (7).
water supply map	A map showing location of supplies of water readily available for pumps, tanks, trucks, camp use, etc.
flame spread	The propagation of a flame away from the source of ignition across the surface of a liquid of a solid, or through the volume of a gaseous mixture.
rip-cut	A cut made parallel to the grain of a board.
succession	The gradual supplanting of one community of plants by another, the sequence of communities being termed a sere and each stage seral.
environmental protection agency	A Federal organization, housed under the Executive branch, charged with protecting human health and safeguarding the natural environment — air, water, and land — upon which life depends.
non-commercial species	A tree species in which small size, poor form, or inferior quality is typical
air-dried	dried in a natural atmosphere.
thunderstorm	Localized storm characterized by one or more electrical discharge(s).
apartheid	Literally, "apart-ness;" apartheid was a geographical system of racial control developed in South Africa
yield table	Tables and graphs illustrating volumes per hectare of stands at a specific age
seed bearer	1
roll cloud	A turbulent altocumulus-type cloud formation found in the lee of some large mountain barriers
e&cv2s	Edge & Center V Two Sides
jig	A device used to make special cuts, guide a tool, or aid in woodworking operations.
pm2.5	Particulate matter of mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers.
template	A pattern
a-frame	Two wood or metal uprights mounted in the shape of the letter "A" to support lead blocks at the upper end (22)
intercropping	An agroforestry system involving the cultivation of agricultural crops or forest-derived crops that require full sun between rows (or other arrangements) of trees or shrubs
strength	The ability of a member to sustain stress without failure.
albedo	The fraction of solar radiation reflected by a surface or object, often expressed as a percentage
co-op fire	Refers to federal, state, and local cooperative fire programs.
clearing	1
percentile	A percentile is a value on a scale of zero to one hundred that indicates the percentage of the data set values that is equal to or below it
privatization	The sale or transfer of public assets (including space) to private interests
plasticizing wood	Softening wood by hot water, steam, or chemical treatment to increase its moldability.
nephelometric turbidity units	The units of measurement for turbidity in water as determined by the degree light is scattered at right angles when compared to a standard reference solution.
see conifer.	Résineux
molecular weight	The sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.
hybrid	The offspring of genetically different parents (usually refers to crosses between two species).
native species	A species which is a part of the original fauna or flora of the area in question.
dkg	Decking
biscuit joint	A butt joint that is reinforced with a football shaped "biscuit"
genotype	An individual hereditary constitution derived from its parents and forming a unique combination of genes; sometimes referring to trees having similar genetic constitutions with regard to certain common, identifiable genetic characteristics.
micro-organisms	Living organisms (bacteria, microbes, yeasts) that can be seen only with a microscope
biological criteria	Also known as biocriteria, biological criteria are narrative expressions or numeric values of the biological characteristics of aquatic communities based on appropriate reference conditions
spore print	Deposit of spores released into the air or onto a surface when a fungus cap is placed gills downwards.
lichen	A complex organism composed of a fungus in symbiotic union with an alga that is very resistant to cold, heat, and drought.
habitat	The environment in which a population or individual lives; includes not only the place where a species is found, but also the particular characteristics of the place (for example, climate or the availability of suitable food and shelter) that make it especially well suited to meet the life cycle needs of that species.
scribe	A tool for marking trees or round timber by scoring the outer surface.
productive machine hour	Time during scheduled operating hours when a machine performs it's designated function (time exclusive of such things as machine transport, operational or mechanical delays, and servicing or repair).
cowardin classification	Wetland classification system commonly referred to as the Cowardin classification, after the first author
appropriation doctrine	the system for allocating water to private individuals used in most Western states
ch4	See Methane.
application pending	The status of a climate change scheme application received by MPI ETS (Forestry), that reflects the act of waiting for the return of information from the applicant, while an application is being processed (pending acceptance or approval) or an application under process.
fret saw	A saw with a very fine toothed blade used for delicate cuts in thin material.
non-status indians	People who consider themselves Indians or members of a First Nation but whom the Government of Canada does not recognize as Indians under the Indian Act.
rutting	The resulting depressions in the soil due to the repeated passage of a logging machine's wheels at the same place.
cone year	NULL
decurrent	Refers to gills, folds, tubes or teeth that run down the stem of fungi.
amino acids	A group of 20 organic compounds, combinations of which are bonded together in long chains to make proteins.
brackish	Beackish water is water that is saltier than river water but less salty than sea water.
free water	Moisture found in the cell cavities of wood.
pioneer species	A plant capable of taking hold and growing in treeless areas
meridional overturning circulation	A zonally averaged, large scale meridional (north-south) overturning circulation in the oceans
habitat type	(1) a collective term for all parts of the land surface supporting, or capable of supporting, the same kind of climax plant association (Daubenmire 1978); (2) an aggregation of land areas having a narrow range of environmental variation and capable of supporting a given plant association (Gabriel and Talbot 1984).
watershed	the land area that drains water to a particular stream, river, or lake
see sucker	Drageon racinaire
leaffolder	Insect that folds a leaf in two to make a shelter for hiding or feeding.
aboriginal title	A legal term that recognizes the interest of Aboriginals in the land
brush patrol unit	Any light, mobile vehicular unit with limited pumping and water capacity for off-road operations.
delimber buncher	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
technology transfer	The exchange of knowledge, hardware and associated software, money and goods among stakeholders that leads to the spreading of technology for adaptation or mitigation The term encompasses both diffusion of technologies and technological cooperation across and within countries.
uncertainty factors	Factors used in the adjustment of toxicity data to account for unknown variations
tusk joint	Also called a tuck or through tenon; a mortise and tenon joint in which the tenon goes all the way through the corresponding mortise.
contour planting	Setting out of young trees along a contour line.
veneer log	a high-quality log of a desirable species suitable for conversion to veneer
fungicide	A chemical that kills fungi; used to control fungal diseases in greenhouses and nurseries.
green	Wood of a live tree, or a tree that has recently been felled, or wood that has lost very little moisture since the time it was felled (26).
see biolistics.	Transformation par canon à particules
geographic structure	Often called "spatial structure," the term refers to the modes in which space is organized in any given society
horned dado	This is caused by the outside blades of a stacked dado head cutting deeper than the chipper blades.
jargon	Language that is used or understood only by a select group of people
protect	the action of safe guarding and caring for the welfare of a person, area or thing
riparian vegetation	Hydrophytic vegetation growing in the immediate vicinity of a lake or river closely enough so that its annual evapotranspiration constitutes a factor in the lake or river regime.
modulus of elasticity	The relationship between the amount a piece deflects and the load causing the deflection determines its stiffness.
"public"	As used in this class, "the public" refers to private citizens freely coming together in public space so as to deliberate on important political issues of the day
major repair	A repair (1) that, if improperly done, might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, or other qualities affecting airworthiness or (2) that is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary operations.
opec	Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
buffer	An area surrounding a sensitive habitat such as a wetland, which lessens or absorbs the shock of an impact.
structure	The way in which parts of a whole are arranged
residual value	Actual or assumed value of a machine after it has been fully depreciated (20).
null	dominant
zoning laws	Laws adopted by local governments that restrict the location and type of new construction.
pathogen	A microscopic organism or virus directly capable of causing disease
proboscis	Tube-shaped mouthpart used by insects to suck nectar from flowers or suck other liquid food.
chloride	An atom of chlorine in solution; an ion bearing a single negative charge.
complex	A group of associations that are not distinguishable from one another on aerial photography and so are grouped into a map unit
machine down-time	See machine time.
dry adiabatic lapse rate	The rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted adiabatically through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium
anisotropic	Shows different properties when measured along a different axes.
well	an artificial excavation put down by any method for the purposes of withdrawing water from the underground aquifers
capital	In the context of income tax, means a situation where income is not subject to tax and any expenses cannot be deducted when calculating a tax liability.
convergence	The term for horizontal air currents merging together or approaching a single point, such as at the center of a low pressure area producing a net inflow of air
orthophoto maps	Aerial photographs corrected to scale such that geographic measurements may be taken directly from prints
forcing functions	External empirical formulation used to provide input describing a number of processes
least disturbed condition	The best available existing conditions with regard to physical, chemical, and biological characteristics or attributes of a water body within a class or region
structural lumber	Wood suitable for framing and load-bearing structures essentially by virtue of its strength.
front end loader	Wheeled or tractor loader, with a bucket or fork hinged to lifting arms, that loads or digs entirely at the front end (20)
sapling-seedling stands	See stand size classes.
quadrat	A small, clearly demarcated sample area of known size on which observations are made.
state	See ownership classes.
snipe	The tendency to gouge the trailing end of material when running it through a joiner.
linearized rainfall frequency	The likelihood in years that a rainfall with a given intensity and duration will occur
downed timber	NULL
producers' accuracy	The probability that a reference sample (the ground data) has been classified correctly, also known as error of omission
substrate	Mineral or organic material that forms the beds of a stream.
nbm	Net Board Measure
sapling	A general term for a young tree no longer a seedling but not yet a pole, about 1-2 m high and 2-4 cm in dbh, typically growing vigorously and without dead bark or more than an occasional dead branch.
spline	A thin strip of wood fitting between two grooves to make a joint.
cloud	A visible cluster of minute water/ice particles in the atmosphere.
repeater	A radio signal station that automatically relays a radio transmission, sometimes over a different frequency, thereby increasing the range of transmission
pin router	A router that is fixed above a table with its bit point down
cutting regime	System of cutting treatments applied to a stand at a defined period.
stoma	A microscopic pore containing a tiny hole called an ostiole, through which gases are exchanged
frost	Crystals of ice formed and deposited like dew, but at a temperature below freezing.
genetic map	A representation of the relative locations of genes along a chromosome marked with probes and/or genetic markers.
alectorioid lichen	Pendulous hairlike lichens, typically yellowish, greenish, or brownish; also known as "forage lichens." See examples.
polymer	A compound formed by the reaction of simple molecules having functional groups that permit their combination to proceed to high molecular weights under suitable conditions.
proletarianization	Process by which people lose control over their "means of subsistence" - the land on which they subsist - and are forced into a relationship of wage labor vis-a-vis capital.
dark grain	Grain which is darker than the rest and should not be confused with pitch streaks.
fire danger continuum	The range of possible values for a fire danger index or component, given a set of NFDRS parameters and weather input.
dormancy	The state in which organs, especially those of plants, do not grow for a period of time due to climatic or physiological conditions
edge banding	Veneer that usually has an adhesive to stick to plywood edging.
first commitment period	This is the first period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012), where member countries become liable for their greenhouse gas emissions.
party	A country that has ratified the UNFCCC is a Party to the UNFCCC; a country that has ratified the Kyoto Protocol is a Party to the Kyoto Protocol
blowdown	uprooting by the wind
pictograph	An ancient or prehistoric drawing or painting on a rock wall.
local	of, relating to, or characteristic of a particular place (i.e
sea-level pressure	Pressure value obtained by the theoretical reduction or increase of station pressure to sea level
designated	An area of land formally recognized by the Governor in Council under the terms of the Provincial Parks Act.
green algal lichen	A lichen having green algae as its photosynthetic partner.
stamen	The male organ of the flower.
inventory	the process and product of a survey that assesses a resource
intensive forest management	Utilization of a wide variety of silvicultural practices, such as planting, thinning, fertilization, harvesting, and genetic improvement to increase the capability of the forest to produce fiber.
water repellent	A liquid that penetrates wood that materially retards changes in moisture content and dimensions of the dried wood without adversely altering its desirable properties.
stand density management diagram	NULL
null	lame dessoucheuse
riffle	A rocky shoal or sand bar located just below the surface of the water.
improvement cutting	A cutting made in a stand past the sapling stage, primarily to improve composition and quality through the removal of less desirable trees of any species.
knuckleboom	Hydraulically operated loading boom whose mechanical action imitates the human arm (20)
cutting cycle	the time interval between successive harvesting operations on the same area or within a given management area
irregular uneven-aged	NULL
peg	A hardwood dowel usually ranging from 5/8 of an inch to 2 inches in diameter.
seed tree	Tree that produces seeds; usually a superior tree left standing at the time of cutting to produce seeds for reforestation (28).
rilling	Erosion caused by water carrying off particles of surface soil.
fire sensitive tree	A species with thin bark or highly flammable foliage that has a relatively greater probability of being killed or scarred by a fire.
cation exchange capacity	The sum total of exchangeable cations that a soil can adsorb
flood attenuation	When flood levels are lowered by water storage in wetlands.
vertical integration	A system in which all or most sectors of a production process - from providing raw resources, or other inputs and manufacturing to marketing, and research and design - are integrated into a single large firm
ex situ conservation	The preservation of a plant or plant part outside of the species normal or original habitat, for example, within a gene bank.
crosshaul	Loading logs by rolling them with a cable (22).-One end of a line is passed over the load, around the log to be loaded, and then fastened to the load
regional climate model	Local climate change is influenced greatly by local features such as mountains, which are not well represented in global models (GCMs) because of their coarse resolution
vegetative regeneration	Development of new aboveground plants from surviving plant parts, such as by sprouting from a root crown or rhizomes
topography	Detailed and accurate description of a place or region outlining such landform characteristics as elevation, slopes, and water courses.
endoparasitoid	Organism that lives inside and feeds on a single host, which dies after the parasitoid has completed its larval development.
genus	a class or kind of living things; a group of species very similar to one another and closely related; a sub-division of a family or subfamily.
fuel plantation	syn
flood of record	The flood of record is the highest observed river stage or discharge from a dam at a given location during a particular period
mixed grain	Lumber may be both vertical and flat grain.
surface high	An area on the earth's surface where atmospheric pressure is at a relative maximum
eutrophication	The aging process by which lakes are fertilized with nutrients
feeding on pollen.	Pollinivore
riparian	an area of land adjacent to a stream, river, lake or wetland that contains vegetation that, due to the presence of water, is distinctly different from the vegetation of adjacent upland areas
bedrock	the solid rock beneath the soil and superficial rock
zoophagous	Refers to organisms that feed on animals (including other arthropods).
pine	Any evergreen tree of the genus Pinus, native to northern temperate regions
entomology	Part of zoology concerned with the study of insects.
radio fix	Determination of position by one or more radio navigational aids.
cord	A stack of round or split wood consisting of 128 cubic feet measuring 4 feet in height by 4 feet in width by 8 feet in length.
habitat	The area or type of environment in which a plant or animal or their population normally lives or occurs.
designated area	Those areas identified as principal population centers or other areas requiring protection under state or federal air quality laws or regulations.
potential vegetation	the vegetation structure that would become established if all successional sequences were completed without interference under the present climatic and edaphic conditions (ESA, 1999)
plain and profile	A drawing showing both horizontal (plan) and vertical (profile) delineation of the road survey.
sustainability	the concept of producing a biological resource under management practices that ensure replacement of the part harvested, by regrowth or reproduction, before another harvest occurs
chain	A length of 66 feet
incremental silviculture	a Ministry of Forests term that refers to the treatments carried out to maintain or increase the yield and value of forest stands
null	dominé
ceqa	California Environmental Quality Act, the California equivalent of the federal NEPA, National Environmental Policy Act.
selection pressure	Environmental influences on an organism that determine its likelihood of being preferentially selected among its co-habitants, that is, having a better survival and/or reproduction.
mitigation	Those activities implemented prior to, during, or after an incident which are designed to reduce or eliminate risks to persons or property that lessen the actual or potential effects or consequences of an incident
fry	Young, newly hatched fish.
center firing	Method of broadcast burning in which fire is ignited in the center of the area to create a strong draft; additional fires are then ignited progressively nearer the outer control lines (sometimes in one step) as indraft increases so as to draw the flames and smoke toward the center.
trainee	An individual who has met all required training and position experience for a specified position and is approved by their home unit's certifying official, to initiate a performance based training assignment in order to become qualified in the position.
wind load	The lateral pressure on a structure in pounds per square foot, due to wind blowing in any direction.
out-of-shift service time	See machine time, scheduled nonoperating time.
stacked dado head	style of dado cutter has two outside saw blades, using a combination of chipper blades and shims between them the width of the dado is set.
mobile yarder	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines.
elevation loss	In hydraulics, the pressure loss caused by raising water through hose or pipe to a higher elevation (roughly equal to one psi for every two-foot increase in elevation above the pump) (11.3 kPa per meter).
group	Groups are established to divide the incident into functional areas of operation
thrips	Any of numerous insects in the order Thysanoptera that are of minute size, have fringed wings (if winged) and feed mostly on plant juices.
charged line	Hose filled with water under pressure and ready to use.
surface fire	Fire that burns loose debris on the surface, which includes dead branches, leaves, and low vegetation.
climatological breakpoint	Points on the cumulative distribution of one fire weather/fire danger index without regard to associated fire occurrence/business.
surface resources	Renewable resources that are on the surface of the earth, such as timber and forage, in contrast to ground water and minerals which are located beneath the surface
carbon dioxide equivalent	The quantity of a given greenhouse gas multiplied by its global warming potential, which equates its global warming impact relative to carbon dioxide (CO2)
aqueduct	a pipe, conduit, or channel designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity.
elastomer	A macromolecular material that, at room temperature, is deformed by application of a relatively low force and is capable of recovering substantially in size and shape after removal of the force.
spindle-shaped.	Fusiforme
stand	a community of trees sufficiently uniform in species composition, age, arrangement, and condition to be distinguishable as a group from the forest or other growth on the adjoining area, and thus forming a silviculture or management entity
null	traitement-élimination des rémanents
stump extraction	A general term for the process of pulling out stumps by force
goal	a broad, general statement that describes a desired state or condition related to one or more forest values
beaufort wind scale	A system of estimating and reporting wind speeds
agglomeration	The grouping of industrial or productive activities close to one another in order to create cost advantages, as in the creation of an industrial park or area of a city given over to industry.
variety	Subdivision of species, a group of individuals that have common characteristics (example : The different varieties of apples).
hardness	The property of wood that is indicated by a resistance to cutting, scratching, denting, pressure or wear.
breast height	4 1/2 feet above ground level. See diameter at breast height.
competitiveness at risk	Being in the position where bearing a price for greenhouse gas emissions significantly impedes a firm's ability to compete against international competitors in countries with less stringent climate change policies
fire planning	Systematic technological and administrative management process of designing organization, facilities, and procedures, including fire use, to protect wildland from fire.
machinability	The relative ease with which a metal can be shaped by various cutting processes.
"era of bipolarity"	A name given to the Cold War era to indicate that the geopolitical system was dominated by a "tug-of-war" between two, fairly equally matched "superpowers." States in the global system were attracted to (or forced to) one or the other of these two poles like iron to a magnet.
kyoto market	The emissions trading market for emission units included under the Kyoto Protocol.
impact	a change in the chemical, physical, or biological quality or condition of a water body caused by external sources (
latex paint	A paint containing pigments and a stable water suspension of synthetic resins that forms an opaque film through coalescence of the resin during water evaporation and subsequent curing.
gymnosperms	non-flowering plants; seeds not enclosed in an ovary, enclosed in a cone
cambium	Fast-growing tissue that produces wood and phloem (vascular cambium) and bark (cork cambium).
tariff	An import tax or a list of articles and the import tax that must be paid on items on that list
cone	the fruit of coniferous trees, contains the seeds of the plant
digitize	The process of entering data into a computer
proportional thin	A thinning in which trees are removed equally from all size classes.
viscoelasticity	The ability of a material to simultaneously exhibit viscous and elastic responses to deformation.
hemimetabolism	Incomplete metamorphosis in which there is no pupal stage
choker	a short length of wire cable or chain that forms a noose around the end of a log to be skidded or yarded.
stand table	A summary table showing the number of trees per unit area by species and diameter classes, for a stand or type
hydrogeology	the branch of geology that deals with the occurrence, distribution, and effect of ground water
pycnidium	Spherical or flask-shaped structure (resembles a perithecium, but is asexual) within which conidia are formed.
medical director	A physician who assumes the ultimate responsibility for the patient care aspects of the incident EMS program.
condensation	the process of water vapor in the air turning into liquid water
vector	Any DNA-containing structure that is used to transfer DNA into an organism
assimilation	The process where by traditional Aboriginal identity was absorbed into mainstream culture
rheology	The study of the deformation and flow of matter.
flower	the blossom of a plant; the reproductive structure of angiosperms.
specific origin area	The smaller area, within the general origin, that first shows the influence of wind, fuel and/or slope.
average yarding distance	Total yarding distance for all turns divided by total number of turns for a particular setting (20).
null	viabilité germinative
drywall	A paneling product used as an interior wall and ceiling covering made of gypsum plaster with paper facings
seminivorous	Feeding on grain or seeds.
kyoto-compliant units	Also called carbon credits
heel boom	Loading boom that uses tongs to heel or force one end of a log against the underside of the boom (22)
seed year	A year in which a given species produces a large seed crop over a sizable area
board foot	The basic unit of measurement for lumber
line officer	Managing officer, or designee, of the agency, division thereof, or jurisdiction having statutory responsibility for incident mitigation and management.
brashness	Brittleness in wood, characterized by abrupt failure rather than splintering
orthophoto	Photograph obtained from the orthogonal (i.e., horizontal) projection of a correctly oriented stereoscopic model formed by two overlapping aerial photographs; an orthophoto is free of tilt and relief displacements.
building code	A set of regulations governing construction in a particular political subdivision, such as a city or county
running fire	Behavior of a fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head.
full sawn lumber	Green Lumber, cut full to a specified size without variation undersize at time or original inspection.
shield	Large area of Crystalline Precambrian rock that forms the core of continents.
northern hardwood forest type	an association of tree species common to the Northeastern United States that includes sugar maple, red maple, yellow birch, hemlock, and American beech.
on-call	Status of a federal casual or federal regular government employee used for timekeeping purposes
found curve	Naturally occurring crooked timbers usually with two sides sawn and two sides with the bark removed; used as beams, knee braces, and posts.
stratum	A horizontal layer of vegetation
threshold	1
broadcast application	NULL
reaction intensity	The rate of heat release, per unit area of the flaming fire front, expressed as heat energy/area/time, such as Btu/square foot/minute, or Kcal/square meter/second.
hoseline tee	A fitting that may be installed between lengths of hose to provide an independently controlled outlet for a branch line.
dehumidifier	Developed to reduce humidity in store rooms and basement conditions.
turnout	An area of sufficient size, adjacent to a single lane road, that serves as a temporary parking place for vehicles so that oncoming vehicles may pass.
technical life length	The time from which the machine goes into operation until it is no longer used in any operation
overmature	Point at which timber has begun to lessen in commercial value because of size, age, decay, or other factors
effluent	Effluent is wastewater (like sewage water or factory runoff) that flows from a factory or other facility.
see shelterwood cutting	Système des coupes progressives irrégulières
quadrant	A style of compass in which directions are divided into 4 quadrants, each reading from 0º (starting with north or south) to 90º (ending at east or west).
litter	The top layer of forest floor, composed of loose debris of dead sticks, branches, twigs, and recently fallen leaves or needles; little altered in structure by decomposition.
evacuation	An organized, phased, and supervised withdrawal, dispersal, or removal of civilians from dangerous or potentially dangerous areas, and their reception and care in safe areas.
filler	A substance that is used to fill pores and irregularities on the surface of material to decrease the porosity before applying a finishing coat.
sooting indicators	The black, carbon based soot deposited on objects in the fire's path
pole timber	Arbitrary term for small sawn timber trees
wain	The corners or edge of the board that are missing due to the curvature of the log.
bookmatch	A term in sawing or veneering, where successive pieces of boards or veneer, from a flitch or a log, are arranged side by side
full length	Cut so the ends can be squared to exact length tallied.
stratification	The storage of seeds under defined conditions of environment (temperature, moisture, gas exchange, medium, etc.) for specified periods in order to overcome passive or active inhibition of germination.
bd	Board
pioneer species	A species adapted to early stages of natural forest succession or growth on newly available sites.
preservation	to protect an area from treatment or management
railroad tie	A piece of industrial lumber used to support rails on a roadbed
kyoto/liability provision	The anticipated liability, or cost, expected by countries in 2008-2012.
abatement	Processes and technologies leading to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
annex ii countries	The group of countries included in Annex II to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including all OECD countries in the year 1990
succession	The process of vegetational development whereby an area becomes successively occupied by different plant communities of higher ecological order.
leaf	part of a plant which grows from the stem, makes up the plant's foliage; photosynthetic organ.
saproxylophagous	Refers to an organism that develops in partially decomposed woody debris.
jack straw	trees that have been felled in a chaotic fashion as a result of natural events.
commercial forestland	any area capable of producing 20 cubic feet of timber per acre per year that has not been protected from such use by law or statute.
native	A species that occurs naturally in an area.
worm-like	Resembling a worm.
rotation	Period of years between establishment of a stand of timber and the time when it is considered ready for final harvest and regeneration (33)
scale	lb measure the weight or volume of a log or load of logs (24).
foliose	A lichen growth form with dorsiventral lobes (having upper and lower surfaces), usually loosely to tightly appressed to the substrate, 2-dimensional or weakly 3-D.
clean water act	The Clean Water Act (formerly referred to as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act or Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972), Public Law 92-500, as amended by Public Law 96-483 and Public Law 97-117, 33 U.S.C
yearling	A one-year-old seedling.
null	racine adventive
leaching	the process by which soluble materials in the soil, such as salts, nutrients, pesticide chemicals or contaminants, are washed into a lower layer of soil or are dissolved and carried away by water.
seedling	A young plant grown from a seed.
glue joint	A special interlocking groove pattern that is used to join two pieces, edge to edge, securely.
escap	Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
irregular stocking	see stocking: partially stocked
oxidizer	The portion of a chemical mixture or compound which furnishes oxygen for burning a fuel or propellant, creating an oxide.
adf	A term used to define a condition upon which payment of an invoice may be made.
tempered hardboard	Dense fiberboard that has been specially treated to increase its durability, strength, density, and moisture resistance.
straight stream	Water or fire retardant projected directly from the nozzle (as contrasted with a fog or spray cone), provided by a solid stream orifice or by adjusting a fog jet into a straight stream pattern.
working life	The amount of time after mixing a glue or paint that it remains useable
boardfoot	a unit for measuring wood volume in a tree, log, or board
null	pépinière forestière
storm center	The central point or area of a weather system associated with increased winds, clouds or precipitation (or any combination thereof).
old field	An area of cleared open land no longer used for cultivation or pasture which may be in the process of reverting to forest.
tube-shaped.	Tubulaire
null	porte-greffe
bioplastics	Plastic-like materials made from renewable, carbon-rich substances such as biomass (carbohydrates, cellulose, etc.).
intolerant species	Trees unable to grow and develop in the shade of other species.
large fire-day	In FireFamily Plus, a day with both a weather observation and at least one large (as defined by the user) fire.
hydrology	The study of the distribution, properties, and effects of water on the earth's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere.
terrorism	Any premeditated, unlawful act dangerous to human life or public welfare that is intended to intimidate or coerce civilian populations or governments.
fragile fire cause objects	Objects that are easily susceptible to damage from head and flame and can be easily damaged or destroyed by suppression action and/or during the evidence collection process
group system	NULL
angle of char indicators	Standing fuels that are burned at an angle that indicates the direction of fire spread
petri dish	In bacteriology, a shallow, flat-bottomed, transparent vessel that consists of two round rimmed plates one overlapping the other as a cover, for micro-organisms and tissue cells culture.
map unit	See map class.
latewood	A portion of the growth ring produced during the latter part of the growing season, such as later summer and early fall, when the tree's water requirement is lower
knotty core	NULL
pupation	Process whereby a larva tranforms into a pupa and later emerges as a mature insect.
plot	A formal field location of a certain size where the data necessary to classify the vegetation communities is collected
potato roll	Quick method of rolling hose for pick up; hose is rolled as a ball of string.
adjustment	The reaction of economies and society to emission reduction policies.
tine harrow	NULL
wind direction	Compass direction from which wind is blowing.
stoma	Microscopic opening, many of which are found on the underside of plant leaves, permitting transpiration and gaseous exchanges (pl
planting auger	A motorized auger used to create planting holes.
uprooting	The removal of trees with their roots by detaching or breaking the roots below the ground surface.
stability	the state or quality of being stable, especially: (a) Resistance to change, deterioration, or displacement; (b) Constancy of character or purpose; steadfastness; (c) Reliability; dependability
modified wood	Wood processed by chemical treatment, compression, or other means to impart properties quite different from those of the original wood.
hydropeaking	Rapid and frequent fluctuations in flow resulting from power generation by a hydroelectric dam's need to meet peak electrical demands.
fire severity	Degree to which a site has been altered or disrupted by fire; loosely, a product of fire intensity and residence time.
herbicide	Chemical used to kill or retard the growth of plants; weed killer.
recharge	water added to an aquifer
siltation	Siltation is the deposit or accumulation of very tiny soil particles (silt).
seed production area	NULL
tungsten carbide	A very common material on any sort of cutting tool
aircraft incident	An unplanned event that results in damage which is less than serious aircraft incident criteria, or injuries not requiring medical attention.
null	pluriétagé
dressed and matched	Lumber that has been worked with a tongue off center on one edge of each piece and a groove on the opposite edge to provide a close joint by fitting two pieces together.
landscape architecture registration	In the United States, a certification of individuals entitled to use the term "landscape architect" or to practice landscape architecture or both, by means of examination and required degree and experience criteria.
dowel woodworking tip	A cylindrical wooden pin that is used to reinforce a wood joint.
sbi	See Subsidiary Body for Implementation
carbon stock change	The carbon stock in a pool can change due to the difference between additions of carbon and losses of carbon
recorders	Individuals within ICS organizational units who are responsible for recording information
species	A group of related organisms having common characteristics capable of interbreeding
embeddedness	The degree to which fine sediments (e.g., clays, silts) fill the spaces (interstices) between rocks, cobbles, and gravel on the bottom of a stream or river.
safety guy	A line rigged under the bull block to take it to the ground if the holding straps break.
erus	See Emission Reduction Units.
dichotomous field key	A document that identifies vegetation communities on the basis of exclusive characteristics
greenhouse effect	the heating of the earth's surface by both atmospheric infrared radiation and incoming solar radiation.
direct seeding	Sowing seed for broad coverage from the air or on the ground.
hide glue	Prepared by boiling bones, hides, etc
salinisation	The accumulation of salts in soils.
keystone species	a species that plays an important ecological role in determining the overall structure and dynamic relationships within a biotic community
germination	The process by which a seed sprouts after being dormant and attaining sufficient moisture to sprout.
condensation	The process by which a gas becomes a liquid.
old-growth forest	An old growth forest differs significantly from younger stands in structure, ecological function and species composition with respect to canopy closure, age class structure, accumulation of woody debris and the presence of species and functional processes that are representative of the potential natural community.
lumber-core plywood	Plywood where thin sheets of veneer are glued to a core of narrow boards
tyloses	A waterproof foam-like substance that forms in the pores of certain species of wood
dry bulb	A name given to an ordinary thermometer used to determine the temperature of the air (to distinguish it from the wet bulb).
snag	A standing dead tree from which the leaves and most of the branches have fallen.
sediment	usually applied to material in suspension in water or recently deposited from suspension
creosote	A yellowish to greenish-brown oily liquid obtained from coal tar and used as a wood preservative and disinfectant.
friction loss	Pressure loss caused by the movement of water or solution against the interior surface of fire hose, pipe, or fittings; normally measured in pressure loss per length of hose or pipe.
post-sres	Baseline and mitigation emission scenarios published after completion of the IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) (Nakic4enovic4 and Swart, 2000), ie after the year 2000.
numeric target	A measurable value determined for the pollutant of concern which, if achieved, is expected to result in the attainment of water quality standards in the listed waterbody.
brushing	The removal of undesirable herbaceous and woody vegetation by manual or mechanical means.
built-up timbers	An assembly made by joining layers of lumber together with mechanical fastening so that the grain of all laminations is essentially parallel.
resource order	The form used by dispatchers, service personnel, and logistics coordinators to document the request, ordering or release of resources, and the tracking of those resources on an incident.
manufacturer's agent	A sales representative for a particular sawmill or several non-competitive lumber manufacturers.
giardiasis	a disease that results from an infection by the protozoan parasite Giardia Intestinalis, caused by drinking water that is either not filtered or not chlorinated
coordinates	The intersection of lines of reference, usually expressed in degrees/minutes/seconds of latitude and longitude, used to determine or report position or location.
horizon	One of a particular layer of soil (e.g., the organic-rich "a" horizon) as used in soil science.
operations research	A scientific approach to decision making that involves the operations of organizational systems.
service center	Point of support for items not ordered through dispatch.
feller forwarder	See harvesting machine' classifications, multifunction machines.
forest management	The study of the administration, direction, and organization of a wooded area.
forward looking infrared	Hand held or aircraft mounted device designed to detect heat differentials and display their images on a video screen
filtering	The process whereby middle- upper-income groups leave their houses and move to more expensive ones, thus decreasing the value of real estate in their old neighborhoods and making the houses available to lower income groups
null	transplantation
wayside park	A park that provides specific recreational facilities and services adjacent to travel corridors or local communities and may be a roadside picnic area, scenic viewpoint, access point, boat launch or small park area of local significance.
sustainability	The management and use of natural resources in ways that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
straw line	A light-weight line used to change main skidding lines and tackle in cable yarding systems.
meandering line	Survey line at the high-water mark on navigable lakes and streams
carrying-capacity	The number of wildlife individuals or a population size that can be supported within a particular area.
adaptation	adjustment of plants and animals over time to a particular environment; a feature which helps a plant or animal to survive in its particular environment.
naval stores	A term applied to the oils, resins, tars and pitches derived from oleoresin contained in, exuded by, or extracted from tress chiefly of pine species or from the wood of such trees.
pollination	Transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower of the same species, resulting in fertilization.
cut-bark application	NULL
boreal forest	One of three main forest zones in the world (see also tropical forest, temperate forest) located in northern regions and is characterized by the predominance of conifers.
slug flow	The discharge of distinct pockets of water and air due to the insufficient mixing of foam concentrate, water, and air in a compressed air foam system.
water bar	A diagonal ditch or hump in a trail that diverts surface water runoff to minimize soil erosion.
temporary flight restriction	A restriction requested by an agency and put into effect by the Federal Aviation Administration in the vicinity of an incident which restricts the operation of nonessential aircraft in the airspace around that incident.
forage	Vegetation such as leaves, stems, buds, and some types of bark, that can be eaten for food and energy.
epicormic shoot	a shoot which develops from a bud under the bark of a tree; an important survival adaptation of eucalypts which enables a tree to survive damage, such as fire
annual plant	A plant that lives for one growing season, starting from a seed each year.
track- two ji	One of two approaches for verifying emission reductions or removals under joint implementation, whereby each JI project is subject to verification procedures established under the supervision of the Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee
measured woody fuel moisture	Moisture content of the small branch wood and foliage of live woody plants, expressed as a percentage of the oven dry weight of the sample, collected monthly and used to supplement NFDRS modeled outputs.
group	The level in the National Vegetation Classification Standard hierarchy below subclass based on leaf characteristics and identified and named in conjunction with broadly defined macroclimatic types to provide a structural-geographic orientation (Grossman et al., 1998)
knot cluster	Two or more knots grouped together as a unit with the fibers in the wood deflected around the entire unit.
p&t	Posts and Timbers
coppice-of-two-rotations method	A coppice method in which some of the coppice shoots are reserved for the whole of the next rotation, the rest being cut.
forest value chain	The "chain" of steps in forestry and the manufacturing of forest products from seed to final consumer product.
pelleting	Incorporating seed in a matrix of fungicide, insecticide, repellent, coloring material or inert carrier, or any combination of these, so as to form a small ball termed a seed pellet.
establishment period	The time elapsing between the initiation of a new crop and its establishment.
cord	a unit of wood cut for fuel that is equal to a stack 4 x 4 by 8 feet or 128 cubic feet.
slope winds	Small scale convective winds that occur due to local heating and cooling of a natural incline of the ground.
rescue	Saving a life from fire or accident; removing a victim from an untenable or unhealthy atmosphere.
phyllum	Taxonomic level between Kingdom and Class
international log rule	Formula rule that allows a 1/2 inch taper for each 4 feet of length and allows for a 1/16-inch shrinkage for each inch of board thickness
longitudinal	Parallel to the direction of the wood fibers.
crown cover	The ground area covered by the crown of a tree as delimited by the vertical projection of its outermost perimeter.
diameter outside bark	Measurement of trees diameter in which the bark is included.
dote	Synonymous with ‘decay' and are any form of decay which may be evident as either a discoloration or a softening of the wood.
millibar	A unit of pressure equal to a force of 1,000 dynes per square centimeter
floodplain	A plain bordering a river, subject to flooding over various time intervals or cycles, with the areas closest to the river being flooded more often.
kiln	In lumber drying, a kiln is a room or building where air circulation, moisture, and temperature are controlled to dry wood.
edge trimmer	Tool used to trim edge banding.
density	See stand density.
market impacts	Impacts that can be quantified in monetary terms, and directly affect Gross Domestic Product – eg changes in the price of agricultural inputs and/or goods
canopy	More or less continuous cover of branches and foliage formed collectively by adjacent tree crowns
ph	A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on a scale from 1 to 14; numerically equal to seven for a neutral solution.
mixed forest	Subarea of the northern temperate zone, which is dominated by mixed forests encompassing both coniferous boreal species and more southerly deciduous species.
air quality	The composition of air with respect to quantities of pollution therein; used most frequently in connection with "standards" of maximum acceptable pollutant concentrations
vegetation characterization	The detailed portrayal of a vegetation association using diagnostic and dominant species, structure, and ecological processes
virgin forest	Natural forest, the development of which has been virtually uninfluenced by modern human activity.
wormholes	Holes and channels cut in wood by insects.
age-class period	NULL
progressive obligation	An obligation for an Emissions Trading Scheme participant to surrender units representing some percentage of the full obligation during a transitional period
depletion allowance	Deduction from taxable income derived from wasting assets
decomposition	The process by which organic material such as leaves and branches are broken down by bacteria, fungi, protozoans and the many different kinds of animals that live in the soil.
void	The volume in the wood structure that is not occupied by wood tissue.
urbanization	The process of becoming urban
clonal test	Evaluation of genotypes by comparing clones in a plantation.
flame	A mass of gas undergoing rapid combustion, generally accompanied by evolution of sensible heat and incandescence.
cord	A stack of round or split wood containing 128 cubic feet
gum thickened sulphate	A dry chemical product which is mixed with water to form a fire retardant slurry.
spring	a water body formed when the side of a hill, a valley bottom or other excavation intersects a flowing body of groundwater at or below the local water table, below which the subsurface material is saturated with water.
joint information system	A system that integrates incident information and public affairs into a cohesive organization designed to provide consistent, coordinated, timely information during crisis or incident operations.
idler wheel	In band sawing, it is the unpowered half of the pulley-like system that turns the blade
bastard grain	Annual rings on an angle at or near 45 degrees to the wide face of a piece of lumber.
surplus value	The value of goods above and beyond the costs of making those goods
ecosystem	organisms and the physical factors that make up their environment.
runoff	That part of precipitation that does not evaporate and is not transpired, but flows over the ground surface and returns to bodies of water
biodiversity or biological diversity	The variety and interconnectedness of all life, including all plants, animals, and other organisms, the genes they contain, and the systems and processes that link them.
pathology	Study of diseases and the effects they have on plants.
incident command system	A standardized on-scene emergency management concept specifically designed to allow its user(s) to adopt an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and demands of single or multiple incidents, without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries.
lacewood	When some woods are quarter-swan, a mottled effect is revealed in the section through the medullar rays
statistics	A branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data.
rcd	Resource Conservation District.
leafroller	Organism that hides and feeds inside a leaf or the tip of a leaf that it has rolled-up into a cigar-shaped tube.
fate of pollutants	Physical, chemical, and biological transformation in the nature and changes of the amount of a pollutant in an environmental system
tilt blade	A blade that can be tilted in respect to a vertical position.
cacam	Negotiating coalition of countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Albania, and the Republic of Moldova.
site class	Any interval into which the site index range is divided for purposes of classification and use.
flaming combustion phase	Luminous oxidation of gases evolved from the rapid decomposition of fuel
conifer	any tree that produces seeds in cones. See softwood.
hand tools	Are the basic tools of woodworking and the processes of sawing, chiseling, and smoothing wood.
bark beetle	Small, cylindrical beetle of the family Scolytidae, the adult of which bores into and beneath the bark of various trees for the purpose of egg laying (17).
thermal expansion	In connection with sea-level rise, this refers to the increase in volume (and decrease in density) that results from warming water
sproud	a tree growing from a cut stump or previously established root system.
cap	See Compliance Action Plan.
elasticity	A property of a material that causes it to return to its original dimensions after being deformed by loading.
forest species	Forest species means a tree species capable of reaching at least 5 metres in height at maturity in the place where it is located.
dewpoint	The temperature at which atmospheric water vapor condenses out as a liquid.
compost	A mixture of organic matter used as fertilizer
biological integrity	The ability to support and maintain a balanced, integrated and adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity and functional organization comparable to those of natural habitats within a region
xylem	transports water within the plant.
treaty of waitangi	A broad statement of principles on which the British Crown and Māori made a political compact to found a nation state and build a government in New Zealand.
root trimming	The trimming of roots by a cutting tool after lifting and prior to outplanting.
aquaculture	farming of plants and animals that live in water, such as fish, shellfish, and algae.
granular application	NULL
plume rise	How high above the level of release an emission plume rises.
eb2s	Edge bead two sides.
genetically improved stock	seed or propagule that originate from a tree breeding program and that have been specifically designed to improve some attribute of seeds, seedlings, or vegetative propagules selection
tree breeding	The application of genetic principles to the improvement of trees, such as to solve a specific problem or in order to obtain a given product.
parts per million	Number of parts of a chemical found in one million parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid
hydraulic barking	Removal of bark from round timber, such as logs, bolts or billets, by high-pressure jets of water as the pieces are mechanically rotated in a closed chamber (26).
drupe	Fleshy fruit with a central hard core.
land occupancy fire	Fire started as a result of land occupancy for agricultural purposes, industrial establishment, construction, maintenance and use of rights-of-way, and residences, except equipment use and smoking.
emigration	Movement out of a place
population	The number of people in a given area.
monkey wrench	A half tool with adjustable jaws for turning nuts of varying sizes.
cumulus	A principal low cloud type in the form of individual cauliflower-like cells of sharp non-fibrous outline and less vertical development than cumulonimbus.
eit	See Countries with Economies in Transition.
carbon market	Since carbon dioxide is the principal greenhouse gas, people speak simply of trading in carbon
coordination center	Term used to describe any facility that is used for the coordination of agency or jurisdictional resources in support of one or more incidents.
i-zone	An area that, in relation to wildland/urban fire, has a set of conditions that provides the opportunity for fire to burn from wildland vegetation to the home/structure ignition zone.
conidium	Thin-walled spore produced asexually by certain fungi.
girdling	1
aerial photography	Analog imagery taken from an airplane
climax	An association of plants and animals that will prevail in the absence of disturbance.
mammal	Four-legged vertebrate of the class Mammalia, characterized by females that produce milk with which to feed their young.
protein	A functional organic macromolecule assembled from amino acids linked with peptide bonds; a product of gene expression.
photosynthesis	Formation of carbohydrates in the chlorophyll-containing tissues of plants exposed to light.
plantation	Trees planted artificially in an ordered configuration such as equally spaced rows.
better	A term usually used to indicate that a lumber shipment contains a percentage of pieces that are of a higher grade than the lowest grade stated
pole	Young tree at least 4 inches and less than 8 to 12 inches in D.B.H.
water control	Management of water to maintain plant growth, water quality, wildlife habitat, and fire control.
sibs	NULL
broadleaf	A class of trees that have broad, flat leaves of many different shapes; most are deciduous; also called hardwood because most broad-leaved trees have harder wood than do conifers
ground water	(1) water that flows or seeps downward and saturates soil or rock, supplying springs and wells
domestic	Derived from the Latin word domus, meaning house, domestic refers to anything relating or belonging to the house, home or family; at home, comfortable, familiar; not foreign.
gust	Rapid fluctuations in wind speed with a variation of 10 knots (11.5 mph) or more between peaks and lulls.
cbd	See Convention on Biological Diversity.
impervious surface	A soil or surface through which water, air, or roots penetrate slowly or very little (that is, concrete, compacted soil).
sedimentation tanks	wastewater tanks in which floating wastes are skimmed off and settled solids are removed for disposal.
geographical information system	A computer system designed to allow users to collect, manage and analyse large volumes of spatially referenced information and associated attribute data.
brachypterous	Having reduced wings that are shorter than the abdomen.
rotary planar	A power hand tool with rotating blades that smoothes the surface of material.
mot	Ministry of Transport.
hydrology	the science that describes and analyzes the occurrence of water in nature, and its circulation near the surface of the earth
runoff	That part of precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams or other surface water
joiner	A machine to true the edges of boards usually in preparation for gluing.
intermediate cutting	NULL
fire service	The organized fire protection service; its members, individually and collectively; allied organizations assisting protection agencies.
percolation	water movement through the soil.
roundwood	A length of cut tree generally having a round cross- section, such as a log or bolt (12).
s2s1e	Surfaced two sides, one edge
genomics	The study of an organism's DNA sequence and the location of genes on its chromosomes (structural genomics) and of the function of an organism's genes in relation to their products under particular environmental conditions (functional genomics).
negotiated greenhouse agreements	Under the government's 2002 climate change policy package, NGAs were available to eligible firms whose international competitiveness would be placed at risk by the carbon tax
accumulating sheer	Shearhead on a feller-buncher that is capable of accumulating and holding two or more cut stems.
mycelium	Vegetative part of a fungus, which is composed of a mass of hyphae and distinct from the fruiting body.
diameter tape	Usually a steel or cloth tape graduated with numerals that are 3.1416 inches apart
transfer of command	The ICS management process in which the on-scene incident commander at a specified time hands off command responsibilities to the incident commander that will be taking over incident command.
two-storeyed stand	NULL
lower arctic	Subarea of the arctic zone characterized by the absence of trees, continuous permafrost and tundra vegetation consisting of shrubs, herbaceous plants (mainly grasses), mosses and lichens.
tropical forest	One of three main forest zones in the world (see also boreal forest, temperate forest)
face cord	Sometimes used in measuring firewood, a face cord is 4 feet high by 8 feet long but only as deep as the length of the individual firewood pieces
allowable cut	The volume of wood that may be harvested, under management, for a given period.
null	croissance libre, en
infiltration	flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface.
gps	Global Positioning System.
atmospheric radiation	Longwave (infrared) radiation emitted by or being propagated through the atmosphere.
point source	A permanent source of air pollution that can be distinctly identified such as a smokestack.
recycle	To treat or process waste so as to make it suitable for reuse
forest site classification	Grouping of forest sites using either the composition or the productivity of the vegetation as well as soil and topographic position.
brad point bit	Similar to a twist drill but with a flat bottom and sharp point.
borderline tree	A tree whose center falls directly on the plot boundary of a fixed area plot or that appears to be right on the boundary between in and out of a variable plot.
end joists	The joists at the end of a series of parallel joists.
r/s	Resawn
imo	International Maritime Organisation.
adherent	A material that is held to another material by an adhesive.
herb	A plant that does not develop woody, persistent tissue but is relatively soft or succulent and sprouts from the base (perennials) or develops from seed (annuals) each year
air guard	A common VHF-FM frequency used by natural resource agency aircraft for emergency radio transmissions
toggle clamp	Clamps which can be attached to a base or table to hold work.
global positioning system	A system of satellites and receiving devices used to compute positions on the Earth.
friction sawing	Usually a type of band sawing that uses high speed to generate heat to soften the metal in front of the blade.
null	matériel sur pied relatif normal
spark arrester	A device installed in a chimney, flue, or exhaust pipe to stop the emission of sparks and burning fragments.
market potential	See Mitigation potential.
flora	A general term for all forms of plant life characteristic of a region, period or special environment.
total time	See machine time.
router	A high speed motor with handles and an adjustable base with a collet that accepts profile bits to cut dados, rabbets, and shapes.
partial cut	removal of only part of a stand for purposes other than regenerating a new age class of trees.
rotation	(1) Period of years between establishment of a stand of timber and the time when it is considered ready for final harvest and regeneration
g/s	Grade-Stamped
runoff	Runoff is water that drains into a river (or other body of water) from uncontrolled streams, drains, or sewage lines
crystallize	To change into crystals
eductor	A device used to introduce and mix fire chemical into a water stream
open woodland	lightly wooded country, with tree canopy covering an average of less than 10 per cent of the area (see woodland, forest type).
box canyon	A steep-sided, dead end canyon.
null	gestion intégrée des ravageurs
phytophagous	Refers to organisms that feed on plants.
forest practice rules	Rules and regulations developed and promulgated by the State Board of Forestry pursuant to the Forest Practice Act
feeding on seeds.	Cléthrophage
mushroom	Visible reproductive part of any of various fungi.
upper level high	(Upper High, High Aloft, Upper Level Ridge) A circulation feature of the upper atmosphere where pressure, at a constant altitude, is higher than in the surrounding region
detritivorous	Feeding on detritus, decomposing organic matter.
channel	A natural stream that conveys water; a ditch or channel excavated for the flow of water.
scatophilous	Living in association with dung or excrement.
sclerotized	Part of integument hardened through the excretion of calcium (crustaceans) or the deposition of sclerotin.
conifer	A cone-bearing tree with needles rather than leaves (i.e., pines, firs, hemlocks).
over-all application	NULL
watershed	A watershed is the water catchment area for a water stream or any tributary of that stream
ecodistrict	A part of an ecoregion characterized by distinctive geologic, soil, water, fauna and land use.
male flower	Part of the plant bearing the male sexual organ (stamen).
load area	The area found by multiplying the beam spacing by the post spacing to determine the post thickness required by building codes.
designated national authority	An office, ministry, or other official entity appointed by a Party to the Kyoto Protocol to review and give national approval to projects proposed under the Clean Development Mechanism.
responsible official	The Forest Service employee who has been delegated the authority to carry out a specific planning action
forestry corporation	The trading name of the state owned corporation who manages forests commercially in NSW
additionality	Emissions reductions are 'additional' if they occur because of the incentives associated with the existence of greenhouse gas markets
laminate	A thin, plastic material used to cover a board
drainage basin	A geographic and hydrologic subunit of a watershed.
lifetime	The lifetime of a greenhouse gas refers to the approximate amount of time it would take for the anthropogenic increment to an atmospheric pollutant concentration to return to its natural level (assuming emissions cease) as a result of either being converted to another chemical compound or being taken out of the atmosphere via a sink
retrofitting	Retrofitting means to install new or modified parts or equipment, or undertake structural modifications, to existing infrastructure that were either not available or not considered necessary at the time of construction
volume	Refers to the amount of wood in a tree or log
joist	A piece of lumber two to four inches thick and six inches wide, used horizontally as a support for a ceiling or floor
diameter at breast height	see DBH
watershed	The region of land drained by a river, stream, or creek.
solute	a substance that is dissolved in another substance, thus forming a solution.
manual weather station	A non-telemetered weather station that provides one observation every 24 hours for manual entry into WIMS.
null	résineux
management action points	Geographic points on the ground or specific points in time where an escalation or alternative of management actions is warranted
stream density	Total length of natural stream channels in a given areas, expressed as units of stream channel per square unit of area.
protection	The actions taken to limit the adverse environmental, social, political, and economical effects of fire.
haywire operation	Contemptuous term for logging operation that has poor equipment.
sealed-bid sale	a timber sale, usually offered through a consulting forester, in which buyers submit secret bids.
gridding	To search for a small fire by systematically traveling over an area on parallel courses or gridlines.
preservation	Maintaining forests in an undisturbed, unmanaged state.
sustainability	The ability of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes and functions, biological diversity, and productivity over time
interchangeable course	A course developed by an interagency, all-hazard subject matter expert group containing the same learning objectives and content as an NWCG developed course
mixed car	A railroad car loaded with various kinds, sizes and/or species of lumber.
activities	energetic action or movement; liveliness
pier	A masonry post
polar	Characteristics of a molecule in which the positive and negative electrical charges are permanently separated, as opposed to non-polar molecules in which the charges coincide.
contour	The form of the land
tax	A carbon tax is a levy on the carbon content of fossil fuels
brush blade	A blade having scarifier teeth instead of a plain edge, for pushing large objects like tree roots and rocks off a site, leaving smaller stones, soil, etc
anadromous fish	Those species of fish which mature in the sea and migrate into streams to spawn
aboriginal peoples	The descendants of the original inhabitants of North America
edge effect	The impacts related to the zone where two or more ecological communities meet. Typically, species diversity is higher along the edges than in any of constituent communities.
catchment area	a drainage area which is the source of water for a river or reservoir
forestry	the art, science, and craft of tending woodlands to derive benefits to humans
lag screw	A large screw, usually 4 inches or longer, with a hex head, tuned with a wrench.
cross cut	Wood cut across the grain (8).
chevron burn	Burning technique in which lines of fire are started simultaneously from the apex of a ridge point, and progress downhill, maintaining position along the contour; used in hilly areas to ignite ridge points or ridge ends.
tide gauge	A device at a coastal location (and some deep sea locations) that continuously measures the level of the sea with respect to the adjacent land
streamflow	Measure of the volume of water passing a given point in a stream channel at a given point in time
double-action shear	Mechanized cutting tool for felling trees; works like a pair of scissors; one blade is slightly offset, but both work against the other
greenhouse effect	the warming effect due to radiated energy; refers to the predicted warming of the Earth's surface through increases in the atmospheric concentration of several gases, particularly carbon dioxide, due primarily to the combustion of fossil fuels; the greenhouse effect is predicted to have major effects on the world's pattern of climate, serious implications for agriculture and cause polar ice caps to melt, subsequently causing rises in sea levels.
sf6	See sulphurhexafluoride.
delimber slasher buncher	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
aquatic life use	A use designation in State/Tribal water quality standards that generally provides for survival and reproduction of desirable fish, shellfish, and other aquatic organisms; classifications specified in state water quality standards relating to the level of protection afforded to the resident biological community.
region	A region is a territory characterised by specific geographical and climatological features
manually regulated	A proportioning method or device that requires a manual adjustment to maintain a desired mix ratio over a changing range of water flows and pressures.
riparian vegetation	Vegetation growing on or near the banks of a stream or other body of water in soils that are wet during some portion of the growing season
geochemical	Referring to chemical reactions involving earth materials such as soil, rocks, and water.
weathering	The mechanical or chemical disintegration and discoloration of the surface of wood caused by exposure to light, the action of dust and sand carried by winds, and the alternate shrinking and swelling of the surface fibers with the continual variation in moisture content brought by changes in the weather.
biotic	pertaining to any living aspect of the environment, especially population or community characteristics
taper	The degree by which a tree's diameter decreases over its length.
lumber	Wood processed in a sawmill.
pole timber	trees 4 to 10 inches dbh.
feller delimber-buncher	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
political culture	In geography, the idea that regions have relatively homogenous, stable, and long-lasting attitudes toward the nature of government and politics, and that these regional attitudes often differ in predictable ways from the attitudes of other regions.
seed-tree removal	NULL
niche	the physical and functional "address" of an organism within an ecosystem; or, where a living thing is found and what it does there.
nitrogen oxide	Product of combustion from transportation and stationary sources and a major contributor to acid deposition and the formation of ground level ozone in the troposphere.
es	Englemann Spruce
sapling	Trees taller than 4.5 feet but less than 5.0 inches dbh.
ev2s	Edge V two sides
pyrolysis	The thermal or chemical decomposition of fuel at an elevated temperature
emissions	The release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time
epilimnion	The upper layer of water in a lake that is characterized by a temperature gradient of less than 1o Celcius per meter of depth.
competition	The struggle between trees and other plant life to obtain sunlight, nutrients, water, and growing space.
community element global	ABI's unique identifier code to a vegetation association (community) in their central biodiversity database; also known as Elcode.
lapse rate	Change of an atmospheric variable (temperature unless specified otherwise) with height.
air quality model	Mathematical or quantitative representation or simulation of air quality processes; e.g., emission models, receptor models, or air quality dispersion models.
fohc	Free of heart center
gasification	Conversion of a carbon-rich feedstock (usually solid) to a gas using high temperatures and a limited amount of oxygen.
peck	Pockets or areas of disintegrated wood caused by advanced stages of localized decay in the living tree; it is usually associated with cypress and incense cedar; there is no further development of peck once the tree is felled.
certificate of title	Describes a piece of land and its boundaries together with the legal description
anthropogenic removal	Removal resulting from human activities (for example, planting trees).
cg-11	Central Group 11 (negotiating coalition of Central European Annex I parties).
blue board	A weather resistant, plaster-based drywell.
species	Group of individuals that possess common characteristics and are capable of producing fertile progeny
pneumatic nailer	A nail gun activated by air pressure.
coastal zone	Lands and waters adjacent to the coast that exert an influence on the uses of the sea and its ecology, or whose uses and ecology are affected by the sea.
root wad	The mass of roots, soil and rocks that remains intact when a tree, shrub, or stump is uprooted.
quaternary industry	Economic activity generally referred to as "research and development" or "brain work," such as software writing, architectural design, or consulting
guy	Rope, chain, or rod attached to brace, steady, or guide (22).
infrared radiation	Radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and the clouds
null	récolte record
rc	Red Cedar
cubic foot	A unit of wood volume that is 1 foot x 1 foot x 1 foot
null	système de la coupe à blanc
tooth form	The shape and geometry of a tooth.
ph	pH is a dimensionless measure of the acidity of water (or any solution)
null	recrutement
relative humidity	The amount of moisture in the air that is measured as a percentage of the total amount of moisture the air can hold at a particular temperature
stressor	Any physical, chemical, or biological entity that can induce an adverse response.
surfaced lumber	A piece of wood that has been planed smooth on one or more surfaces.
coarser residue	Plant residue that is suitable for chipping; for example, slabs, edgings, and veneer cores (33).
litter	Includes all non-living biomass with a diameter less than a minimum diameter chosen by the country (for example 10 cm), lying dead, in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil
mean stand diameter	The arithmetic mean diameter of the trees in a stand.
secondary species	A species of inferior quality and/or size, and of lesser silvicultural value, associated with the principal species
ecological land classification	NULL
conk	Visible fruiting body of a wood-destroying fungus, usually indicating rot in the underlying wood (24).
fungicide	Any agent used to kill or inhibit the growth of fungi and their spores.
surcharge	Surcharge is the word dam operators use when they temporarily store floodwater above the normal floodwater storage capacity of a reservoir
climate threshold	The point at which external forcing of the climate system triggers a significant climatic or environmental event which is considered unalterable, or recoverable on only very long timescales
competition	Struggle among trees and other vegetation, generally for limited nutrients, light, and water present on a site
instrument shelter	Naturally or artificially ventilated structure, constructed to specifications and used to shield weather measuring instruments from direct sunshine and precipitation.
osmosis	the movement of water molecules through a thin membrane
bearing	The horizontal direction to or from any point, usually measured clockwise from true north, or some other reference point through 360 degrees.
plots database	A database in Microsoft Access format that contains the information collected from field plots with tables and fields for all the necessary data
null	gestion intégrée des ressources
nurse tree	NULL
edge	the boundary between two ecological communities, for example, field and woodland
annual certification	Annual review by an employing agency of an individual's position qualifications and documentation certifying that the individual is fully qualified to perform duties and responsibilities for a specified position
compound fertilizer	A mixture of chemical nutrients added to the soil, having a broad array of actions.
effluent	Municipal sewage or industrial liquid waste (untreated, partially treated, or completely treated) that flows out of a treatment plant, septic system, pipe, etc.
mdf	Medium density fiberboard, very stable underlay for counter tops etc
radial arm saw	A circular saw that runs on an overhead track; the track mechanism swings in relation to the table to make miter cuts.
social justice	The distribution of burdens and benefits in a society - and the mechanisms by which this distribution comes about.
durability	A general term for permanence or lastingness; frequently used to refer to the degree of resistance of a species or of an individual piece of wood to attack by wood-destroying fungi under conditions that favor such attack.
visual range	Maximum distance at which a given object can just be seen by an observer with normal vision.
risk assessment	A quantitative and qualitative approach to determining the hazardous capacity of a new product
post-1989 forest	Formally referred to as ‘Kyoto forest'
diurnal	Daily, especially pertaining to cyclic actions which are completed within 24 hours, and which recur every 24 hours, such as temperature, relative humidity and wind.
nepa	National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
splicer	One who joins two pieces of cable together by intertwining the wire strands (6).
awareness	The continual process of collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence, information, and knowledge to allow organizations and individuals to anticipate requirements and to react effectively and safely.
wood-based composite panel	A generic term for a material manufactured from wood veneer, strands, flakes, particles, or fibers or other lignocellulosic material and a synthetic resin or other binder.
mosaic	The intermingling of plant communities and their successional stages in such a manner as to give the impression of an interwoven design.
bioenergy	The kinetic energy released from biomass when it is eaten, burned or converted into fuel, or the potential energy embodied in biomass.
dieback	The decline of a particular species as a result of environmental stress that may lead to the death of trees.
face width	The width of the face of any piece of lumber; in tongued or lapped (rabbeted) lumber, it does not include width of tongue or lap.
aspirate	To draw in gases (or other substances); nozzle aspirating systems draw air into the nozzle to mix with the foam solution.
geospatial	Term used to describe the combination of spatial software (that is, GIS software) and analytical methods with geographic data sets (GIS data).
riparian	The strip of habitat along streams or lakes, and presumably influenced by those bodies of water
wet strength	The strength of an adhesive joint determined immediately after removal from water in which it has been immersed under specific conditions of time, temperature, and pressure.
immigration	movement into a place
rig	To install the blocks and lines used in a cable logging system (6).
dimension lumber	hardwood dimension lumber is processed to be used whole in the manufacture of furniture or other products. Softwood dimension lumber consists of boards more than 2 inches thick but less than 5 inches thick. This wood is used in construction and is sold as 2 by 4s, 4 by 8s, or 2 by 10s.
edge grain	Lumber sawed parallel with the pith of the log and approximately at right angles to the growth rings; that is, the rings form an angle of 45 degrees or more with the wide face if the piece.
revenue from goods manufactured	Revenue from the sale of goods manufactured using materials owned by the establishment as well as from repair work, manufacturing service charges and work contracted to others.
prairie	An extensive area of flat or rolling grassland, vaarying from open largely treeless grasslands to savannas, and whose communities are moatly fire dependent for their maintenance.
nationalisation	The terms was first used in 1874 in relation to nationalisation of the land
obligation jet fuel	Means any fuel specified as obligation jet fuel in regulations made under the Emissions Trading Act.
bullnose	The process of rounding an edge of a board used for seating, shelving, stadium seating steps, etc.
fiber saturation point	The stage in the drying or wetting of wood at which the cell walls are saturated and the cell cavities free from water
geographic information system	An organized collection of computer hardware, software and geographic data designed for capturing, storing, updating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.
yard lumber	Lumber of those grades, sizes and patterns generally intended for ordinary construction and general building purposes.
watershed	The total land area that water runs over or under when draining to a stream, river, pond, or lake.
integrated logging	Logging operation that segregates and delivers a variety of products to mills and processors that will use them to the best advantage (24).
scheduled nonoperating time	See machine time.
dysgenic	Detrimental to the genetic quality of a population and future generations
genotype	The genetic make-up of an organism, as opposed to that organism's physical appearance
mortality	Number or sound wood volume of healthy trees that have died from natural causes during a specified period.
trellis	A framework of thin lumber designed to support climbing plants.
estuary	An estuary is the area where a river meets the sea or ocean, where fresh water from the river meets salt water from the sea.
rgh	Rough
tubes	Cylindrical structures beneath the fungus cap constituting the hymenium in certain fungi
slash	The residue left on the ground after felling and tending and/or accumulating there as a result of storm, fire, girdling, or treatment with herbicide
coverage	A file format used by Arc/Info software for vector spatial data.
emission rate	The amount, or mass of smoke produced per unit of time
area ignition	The setting of a number of individual fires throughout an area, either simultaneously or in quick succession, and so spaced that they soon coalesce, influence, and support each other to produce a hot, fast-spreading fire throughout the area.
regeneration	the process by which a forest is reseeded and renewed
application received	The status of a climate change scheme application received by MPI ETS (Forestry) that reflects the point that an application is received as a result of being lodged via the online channel or being received via the post.
size classes	Ranges in tree sizes representing stages in the development of a tree or stand.
deepening	As it refers to atmospheric pressure, a decrease in the central pressure of a low
yarding road	A path followed by a turn of logs yarded by a cable method.
lumber for dimension	The National Dimension Manufacturers Associated defines both hardwood and softwood dimension components as being cut to a specific size from kiln-dried rough lumber, cants, or logs.
breaking radius	The limiting radius of curvature to which wood or plywood can be bent without breaking.
net source	A net source is an activity which emits more greenhouse gases than it absorbs over a given period
adventitious	Refers to plant structures arising at unusual places, such as on another structure when it reaches a certain stage of development.
cutting contract	A written, legally binding document used in the sale of standing timber specifying the provisions covering the expectations and desires of both buyer and seller.
rail	A horizontal board that runs along the underside of a table; the horizontal part of a raised panel door.
inorganic-bonded composites	Manufactured wood-based composites where an inorganic binder, typically gypsum or magnesia-cement, acts as a continuous matrix and fully encapsulates the wood elements.
water repellent preservative	A water repellent that contains a preservative that, after applications to wood and drying, accomplishes the dual purpose of imparting resistance to attack by fungi or insects and also retards changes in moisture content.
ortho image	An aerial photograph that has had the distortions due to camera lens, topographic relief, tilt of the aircraft, and other factors common to aerial photography removed and has been registered to locations on the earth
rip-rap	A layer of medium to large rocks that is used to stabilize banks along ponds, lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.
trait	A distinguishable characteristic of an organism.
vertical diversity	The diversity in a stand that results from the complexity of the above-ground structure of the vegetation.
extrusion spreading	A method of adhesive application in which adhesive is forced through small openings in the spreader head.
thinning grade	The severity of low thinning based on the crown classes removed, ranging from very light (Grade A) to very heavy (Grade E).
marine air	Air which has a high moisture content and the temperature characteristics of an ocean surface due to extensive exposure to that surface
competitive exclusion	In ecology, principle (also known as Gause's principle) that states no two species can occupy exactly the same fundamental niche indefinitely in a habitat where they are competing for the same essential resource, and that one species will crowd out the other.
null	mode de régénération par coupes progressives par trouées
cellulose	a large molecule made up of glucose units naturally produced by plants, provides the strength of plant cell walls.
cordillera	An elongated range of mountains.
home range	The area in which an animal lives, hunts, and mates throughout its life.
ultraviolet radiation	A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum
structural composite lumber	Wood elements glued together to form products that are similar in size to solid sawn lumber.
null	bois gisant
seedbed	Area prepared to receive seeds, such as an area cleared of plants and duff, so that natural seed fall can establish a new forest (17).
metabolize	The physical and chemical processes in an organism by which nutrients and other compounds are absorbed.
convention on biological diversity	Convention on Biological Diversity, signed by over 150 governments at UNCED in 1992
girdling	The practice of making an incision around a living stem, branch, or root in order to kill the structure
pdd	See Project Development Document.
tolerance	The ability of an organism or biological process to subsist under a given set of environmental conditions
planing	An operation consisting of giving a uniform width and thickness to sawn wood while removing as much as possible any surface irregularities caused by previous operations.
regeneration period	The time between the initial regeneration cut and the successful reestablishment of a stand by natural or artificial means.
strainer	A wire or metal guard used to keep debris from clogging pipe or other openings made for removing water; used in pumps and on suction hose to keep foreign material from clogging or damaging pumps.
see stocking: nsr	incomplètement régénéré
calibration	The process of adjusting model parameters within physically defensible ranges until the resulting predictions give a best possible good fit to observed data.
whip	1
forwarder	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines.
bent	A structural section of a frame which is composed of a line of vertical posts and the horizontal timbers that connect them.
minimally disturbed	The physical, chemical, and biological conditions of a water body with very limited, or minimal, human disturbance in comparison to others within the water body class or region
strip firing	Setting fire to more than one strip of fuel and providing for the strips to burn together
stakeholder	Any person or organization with vested interest in an action or project.
irrigation	the controlled application of water for agricultural purposes through manmade systems to supply water requirements not satisfied by rainfall
forestry commission	former name of Forestry Corporation; (see Forestry Corporation).
tll	Technical Life Length.
xylem	The cellular tissues inside a tree's bark; often called wood.
sucker	A shoot or tree originating from adventitious buds on roots.
selection	A
pocket	A well-defined opening between the rings of annual growth, usually containing pitch or bark.
traditional biotechnology	Specifically within forestry, this involves the selection of trees with desirable traits and breeding them to produce improved offspring
spray gun	NULL
lfvc	Loaded fullvisible capacity
dial gauge	A measuring instrument with a circular graduated face and a pin which activates a rotating pointer to measure variation in movement in thousandths of an inch.
equipment time recorder	Person responsible to the time unit leader for assisting all other units at the incident in properly maintaining a daily record of equipment use time, maintaining current records for charges and credits for fuel, parts, services, and commissary items for all equipment, and checking and closing all time record forms before demobilization of equipment.
partial harvest	Any cutting in which only part of the stand is harvested.
functional food	According to Health Canada, any food or food component demonstrated to have a compound that provides physiological benefits and/or reduces the risk of chronic disease beyond its basic nutritional functions
mrv	See Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable
gis	Geographic Information System.
head rig	Principal machine in a sawmill, used for the initial breakdown of logs by sawing along the grain
economic rotation	Rotation of tree crops determined solely by economic considerations (which are related to biological production potential) in order to obtain the highest monetary values over time, in terms of optimum net present value or return on investment.
integrated pest management	NULL
crop trees	Trees to be grown to the end of the rotation.
probe	A short DNA fragment, radioactively or otherwise labeled, used to locate a specific complementary sequence of DNA or RNA.
ipcc	See Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
pulaski	A combination chopping and trenching tool widely used in fireline construction, which combines a single-bitted axe blade with a narrow adze-like trenching blade fitted to a straight handle.
feeding on fungi.	Mycophage
crop planning	NULL
grade mark	A stamp or symbol indicating the grade, quality, and/or intended use of a piece of lumber, plywood, or other wood products
serotinous	Coming late; particularly applied to plant species or individuals with cones that remain on the tree without opening for one or more years (e.g., Pinus contorta and Pinus banksiana).
natural vegetation	Plant life of an area that appears to be unmodified by human activities
herbaceous	Said of a plant that does not contain wood
dolly varden siding	A pattern with a thick and a thing edge and lap joint.
permafrost	Permanently frozen ground comprised of an active layer of soil overlying a layer of ice that varies in thickness
total mobility	The capability to move, position, and utilize established forces to meet existing and anticipated fire protection needs nationwide.
cocoon	Case of silk in which the pupa is formed.
lightning stroke counter	Electronic sensor used to record the number of lightning strokes within a predetermined range over a specified period of time.
regeneration class	The area, and the young trees in the area, being managed during the regeneration interval in the shelterwood silvicultural system
necktonic	Organisms that live in the open water areas (mid and upper) of water bodies and streams.
null	préparation du sol superficiel
soil drainage	The natural process of moisture loss from soil as runoff or groundwater.
renewable energy certificates	Renewable Energy Certificates are an electronic form of currency initiated by the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000
floodplain	The flat area adjoining a river channel constructed by the river in the presence of climate, and overflowed at times of high river flow.
strand	A specialized knife-cut wood flake of controlled thickness and a length along the grain orientation of at least twice and usually many times its width.
riparian water rights	the rights of an owner whose land abuts water
fruticose	A 3-dimensional growth form of a lichen, not differentiated into upper and lower surfaces, and including pendulous and stringy, upright, or bushy forms.
soft snag	A snag composed primarily of wood in advanced stages of decay and deterioration, particularly in the sapwood portion.
check-in	The process whereby resources first report to an incident
nanoindentation hardness	A hardness measurement conducted at the nanometer scale
snail-feeding	Pertaining to an organism that feeds on snails.
null	déchiquetage-épandage
mutualism	An association or interaction between different species of organisms where both partners benefit from the association.
flush	When two adjoining surfaces are perfectly even with one another.
shaper	A machine with an interchangeable rotary cutter head to cut profile shapes on the edge or face or material
bright sapwood/no defect	Bright sapwood that is permitted in each piece of any amount.
implementation	Implementation describes the actions taken to meet commitments under a treaty and encompasses legal and effective phases
thinning out	Removal of seedling or sapling in excess in a young stand in order to favor residual tree development.
resembling a worm.	Vermiforme
box heart	The term used when the pith falls entirely within the four faces of a piece of wood anywhere in its length.
flg	Flooring
avifauna	Birds, in particular, all the birds of a given site: the avifauna of a marsh, a prairie, etc.
allocation plan	National plan to allocate emission allowances to individual persons (including companies) under the New Zealand emissions trading scheme.
machine bolt	A bolt typically configured with a hex head, a nut and a blunt end
null	dhp
structure	The spatial distribution pattern of life forms in a plant community, especially with regard to their height, abundance, or coverage within the individual layers (ESA, 1999)
ecology	The study of animals and plants in relation to their biological and physical surroundings.
mechanized planting	NULL
open forest	Proposed name for the natural forest commonly found in northern Canada
fixed-radius plots	Fixed-radius plots are sample plots with a fixed area representative of the larger stand
bracing	Structural supports placed between posts and beams or joists to provide stability to the structure.
conversion period	NULL
critical area	land in Maryland that lies within 1,000 feet of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries and is subject to forestry and other land use regulations.
fob	Free on board
stable layer of air	A layer of air having a temperature change (lapse rate) of less than dry adiabatic (approximately -5.4 degrees F per 1,000 feet) thereby retarding either upward or downward mixing of smoke.
internal payload	Allowable aircraft cabin load, in pounds, with full fuel and pilot in calm air at standard atmosphere.
greenhouse effect	The warming of the Earth's atmosphere caused by increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other gases in the air, which trap the sun's heat within the atmosphere.
hydrogen bond	An intermolecular attraction force that results when the hydrogen of one molecule and a pair of unshared electrons on an electronegative atom of another molecule are attracted to one another.
thicket stage	NULL
financial rotation	Rotation of tree crops determined solely by financial considerations (which are related to biological production potential) in order to obtain the highest monetary values over time, in terms of optimum net present value or return on investment (17).
ovoid	Egg shaped.
space	Most simply, area
discoloration	Changes in the color of wood which affect only its appearance.
cone	A conical fruit in which the seeds are hidden under relatively hard scales arranged around a central stem.
b/l	Bill of Lading - A written document issued by a carrier serving as a receipt of goods and as a contract to deliver goods to a specified destination.
carpophore	Structure bearing the spores of a fungus, often composed of a cap and a stem.
phenotype	An organism as observed, i.e., as judged by its visually perceptible characters resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
miscellaneous fire	Fire of known cause that cannot be properly classified into any of the eight standard causes of fires.
rotation	The planned number of years between the formation or regeneration of a crop or stand and its final cutting at a specified stage or maturity.
null	scarifiage profond
controlled airspace	Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR and VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification.
closed canopy	NULL
drain time	The time (minutes) it takes for foam solution to drop out from the foam mass; for a specified percent of the total solution contained in the foam to revert to liquid and drain out of the bubble structure.
operational tempo	The speed and intensity of actions relative to the speed and intensity of the unfolding events in the operational environment.
threatened waterbody	Any waterbody of the United States that currently attains water quality standards, but for which existing and readily available data and information on adverse declining trends indicate that water quality standards will likely be exceeded by the time the next list of impaired or threatened waterbodies is required to be submitted to U.S
unmerchantable	Of a tree or stand that has not attained sufficient size, quality, and/or volume to make it suitable for harvesting.
hfc	See Hydrofluorocarbons.
usufructuary	The right to use a certain parcel of land, as in hunting, fishing, trapping, and gathering, but without full ownership over that land
bound water	Water found within the cell wall of wood.
forest management plan	A long range plan designed to identify a landowner's goals and objectives and the silvicultural methods that will be employed to achieve those goals.
conservation	A managed or controlled attempt to restore, enhance, protect and sustain species and ecosystems for present and future generations.
southern yellow pine	A species group composed of primarily of Loblolly, Longleaf, Shortleaf, and Slash Pines
sapwood	The outer layer of wood in a living tree (between the bark and the heartwood (duramen)
biome	A major biotic community composed of all the plants and animals in a specific geographical region and smaller biotic communities
assimilative capacity	The amount of contaminant load that can be discharged to a specific water body without exceeding water quality standards or criteria
precipitation amount	The total amount of precipitation that occurred within the preceding 24-hour period.
exotic forest species	Forest species that are not indigenous forest species.
hundred lineal feet	A term used to indicate unit of measurement.
pathogenic	A parasitic organism directly capable of causing disease.
assumptions	A statement or condition agreed to be true for the purposes of a particular model (as when the Von Thunen Model assumes an isotropic plain); such statements or conditions may not hold in the real world, but are made in order to simplify a system and isolate important variables.
wildlife habitat	the native environment of an animal
dead fuels	Fuels with no living tissue in which moisture content is governed almost entirely by absorption or evaporation of atmospheric moisture (relative humidity and precipitation).
cable	Wire rope used for lines in yarding systems (22)
bedding	A site preparation procedure in which the soil is mounded mechanically to provide a well-drained ridge on which seedlings are planted or seeds distributed naturally or directly.
seeding	aerial [ensemencement aérien]: Broadcast seeding of seeds or seed pellets from aircraft
storied	A term applied to the axial cells and rays in wood when these are arranged in horizontal series on tangential surfaces.
witches' broom	Excessive proliferation of twigs from one location on a branch or several locations close together
reel	A frame on which hose is wound, now chiefly used for "booster" or small hose (3/4- or l-inch hose) (19 or 25 mm) supplied by a water tank on the apparatus; also, a hand-drawn 2-wheel frame for 2-1/2 inch (64 mm) hose used in industrial plants.
cradle	Large metal brackets or a wood framework made to hold small chunks, poles, or pieces of pulpwood being bundled for transport (19)
irregular shelterwood system	see shelterwood cutting
chord	Straight line that joins the end points of any arc
null	empilage-brûlage des rémanents
null	graine pure vivante
trough	An elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure, usually extending from the center of a low pressure system.
historic preservation	This landscape architecture specialization has evolved to encompass maintenance of a site in its present condition; conservation of a site as part of a larger area of historic importance; restoration of a site to a given date or quality; renovation of a site for ongoing use; and interpretation of a vanished landscape.
tie ridge	In contour furrowing and trenching, a narrow strip of ground left unexcavated so as to break the horizontal continuity of the trenching and thus contain and properly distribute any precipitation.
null	essence de lumière
null	excessivement reboisé
indicator species	species of plants used to predict site quality and characteristics
discoloration	Change in the normal colour of wood following infection by a micro-organism.
lathe checks	In rotary cut and sliced veneer, the fractures or checks that develop along the grain of the veneer as the knife peels veneer from the log
in vitro	Within an artificial environment, such as a test tube, as opposed to in vivo.
raker	A tooth set that has a uniform set angle and a three tooth set sequence of left, right, and straight.
greywater	wastewater from clothes washing machines, showers, bathtubs, hand washing, lavatories and sinks.
forestry incentives program	a Federal cost-sharing program that reimburse part of the costs landowners incur in completing certain forestry practices
sustainability	Meeting the needs of communities or countries without compromising the wellbeing of future generations.
butt joint	A woodworking joint where the edges of two boards are placed against each other.
equilibrium moisture content	When the level of moisture in a board is equal to the moisture in the surrounding air.
living on rotting wood.	Saproxylophile
caliper	a tool to measure the diameter of a tree.
channel pattern	Description of how a stream channel looks as it flows down its valley (for example, braided channel or meandering channel).
diffuse-porous wood	Certain hardwoods in which the pores tend to be uniform in size and distribution throughout each annual ring or to decrease in size slightly and gradually toward the outer border of the ring.
fire dependent	Plants and vegetation communities which have evolved adaptations such as a reliance on fire as a disturbance agent, protection as a species against the effects of wildland fire, or even a strengthening or enhancement by it.
preservation	To keep in an unaltered condition; maintain in an unchanged form, or to allow to exist subject to natural environmental conditions.
crown classes	see codominant, dominant, intermediate, overtopped, and suppressed.
strip cut	A timber harvesting operation where all of the merchantable trees are cut within a long narrow strip
cell	(Entomology) A space in an insect wing partly or completely surrounded by veins
bh	Boxed Heart
nest planting	Setting out a number of seedlings or seeds close together in a prepared hole, pit, or spot.
clump	The aggregate of stems issuing from the same root, rhizome system, or stool
stable atmosphere	Condition of the atmosphere in which the temperature decrease with increasing altitude is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate
bev	Bevel
slit planting	Prying open a cut made by a spade, mattock, or planting bar (termed bar planting), inserting a young tree, then closing the cut on the latter by pressure.
span	Horizontal distance between skyline supports (22).
drainage basin	A part of a land area enclosed by a topographic divide from which direct surface runoff from precipitation normally drains by gravity into a receiving water
dike	A dike is an embankment that fills in an area around a lake rim that is lower than the top of the dam
aw&l	A term used indicating that "all widths and lengths" of a specified thickness of lumber may be included in a shipment.
paradigm	A set of thoughts, perceptions and values that form particular vision of reality.
position currency requirement	The requirement to perform satisfactorily in a specified position within the last five years (three years for aviation and expanded dispatch postions) in order to maintain qualification for the position.
quota sawlog	a log having dimensions and quality which are equal to or greater than those specified by agreement; the volume forms part of a sawmill's annual sawlog allocation (quota).
thread-like.	Filiforme
diffusion	The process where molecules spread out to form an even concentration.
rust	Disease caused by a fungus that is parasitic on higher plants and may go through five different developmental stages, usually involving hosts
economies in transition	Countries with their economies changing from a planned economic system to a market economy.
fire hazard reduction	Any treatment of fuels that reduces the threat of ignition and spread of fire.
field verification	Field visits by photo interpreters after photo interpretation is complete to check for correctness of photo interpretation
canopy cover	The percent of a fixed area covered by the crown of an individual plant species or delimited by the vertical projection of its outermost perimeter; small openings in the crown are included
old-growth forests	Forests that have persisted for centuries without stand-replacing disturbances
tissue culture	A general term for the cultivation of plant or animal tissues in a controlled artificial environment on defined media under aseptic conditions.
significant weather trigger	A weather phenomenon resulting in an environment that has a significant impact on fire spread, intensity, or occurrence
haltere	Small knobbed structure representing the hind wings in dipterans.
ecotourism	nature-based tourism which is ecologically sustainable.
webworm	Organism that spins a silk shelter in which to hide or feed.
aquifer	an aquifer whose upper water surface (water table) is at atmospheric pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall.
out-of-service resources	Resources assigned to an incident but unable to respond for mechanical, rest, or personal reasons.
arthropoda	Phylum of invertebrate animals that possess an exoskeleton and a segmented body with jointed appendages (legs)
joystick	Hydraulic control lever that can be operated in up to four directions, controlling a number of functions through one hydraulic valve (23).
nesting	Relates to an organism that spins a silk nest or tent in order to hide or feed.
wash coat	Typically used as the first coat of a finish
site plan	A dimensioned drawing indicating the form of an existing area and the physical objects existing in it and those to be built or installed upon it.
national inventory	A quantitative report of anthropogenic emissions by sources, removals by sinks, and stocks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.
gymnosperm	See conifer.
prevention	Activities directed at reducing the incidence of fires, including public education, law enforcement, personal contact, and reduction of fuel hazards (fuels management).
null	application d'engrais
truss	An assembly of members, such as beams, bars, and rods combined to form a rigid framework
artificial regeneration	Renewal of the forest by planting or direct seeding; establishing a new stand of trees by planting seeds or seedlings by hand or machine (17).
autotroph	An organism capable of synthesizing the organic nutrients it needs from the mineral compounds present in nature
subdominant	NULL
ignition energy	Quantity of heat or electrical energy that must be absorbed by a substance to ignite and burn.
nesdis id	An 8-character identifier assigned by NESDIS that becomes the RAWS identification number for use with the GOES satellite.
adventitious root	NULL
gall-forming	Relates to an organism that induces the formation of galls and feeds on their tissues.
cultural vegetation	Vegetation planted or actively maintained by humans such as annual croplands, orchards, and vineyards
ee	Eased Edges
null	amplitude écologique
atmospheric inversion	Departure from the usual increase or decrease with altitude of the value of an atmospheric property (in fire management usage, nearly always refers to an increase in temperature with increasing height).
seedling	A young tree grown from a seed, from the time of germination until it reaches sapling size
spatial data	Any information with a spatial component.
communities of interest	sectors of society which share common goals and interests (e.g., First Nations, Recreation Associations)
roller	A roller that has an absorbent surface used for spreading paint.
null	inéquienne régulier
buglehead screw	A screw with a curved taper between the head and shank or threads so it doesn't tear the wood when screwed down flush with the surface.
salinity	Salinity is the amount of salt dissolved in water.
gravimetric	Of, or pertaining to, measurement by weight.
arbor	A shaft, driven by the tools motor that turns blades or other cutting tools.
open grown	NULL
pathogen	a disease-producing agent; usually applied to a living organism
geophilous	Living in or on the ground.
cer	See Certified Emission Reduction Units.
medium-range forecast	A forecast for a period extending from about two days to five days or a week in advance; there are no absolute limits to the period embraced by this definition.
live crown ratio	The proportion of the height of a tree that has live foliage.
null	émondage
green manure	An herbaceous crop plowed under when green to enrich the soil.
field test	Experiment conducted under field conditions
structure	A constructed object, usually a free-standing building above ground.
filtch matched	See ‘bookmatched'.
csd	United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development.
multi-agency coordination	A generalized term which describes the functions and activities of representatives of involved agencies and/or jurisdictions who come together to make decisions regarding the prioritizing of incidents, and the sharing and use of critical resources
task	A unit of work activity that is a logical and necessary action in the performance of a behavior; how the behavior is demonstrated or performed in a particular context.
round leaf	Leaf of variable shape whose length is nearly the same as its width.
indicator organism	An organism used to indicate the potential presence of other (usually pathogenic) organisms
host	The organism on which another organism (parasite) grows and derives nutrition.
null	sous-bois
viscosity	Thickness of a liquid, the degree to which it resists flow.
tab file	A digital file format particular to software products from the MapInfo Corporation and used within a GIS to geographically describe points, lines and polygons as well as the associated attribute information.
tine cultivator	NULL
scion	An aerial plant part, often a branchlet, that is grafted onto another root-bearing plant (stock, rootstock).
piercing-sucking	Relates to an organism that has specialized mouthparts for sucking the fluids from plants, thereby causing deformities or killing the affected plant sections.
cold trailing	A method of determining whether or not a fire is still burning, involving careful inspection and feeling with the hand, or by use of a hand-held infrared scanner, to detect any heat source.
draft	Drawing water from static sources such as a lake, pond, cistern, river, etc
lumber ruler	A tool resembling a ruler with a handle at one end and a hood at the other which is used to calculate the board footage of a piece of lumber.
scaling	Measuring the volume of logs, usually in units of board feet or cords.
mass fire	A fire resulting from many simultaneous ignitions that generates a high level of energy output.
non-operational park	A property with no facilities or services available.
modern biotechnology	In vitro techniques that are rapid, efficient, and precise in obtaining novel gene combinations in living organisms
seedling	(A) A tree, usually less than 2 inches DBH, that has growth from a seed not a sprout
fire business thresholds	Values of one or more fire weather/fire danger indexes that have been statistically related to occurrence of fires (fire business)
ram set gum	A nail gun used in construction and manufacturing to join materials to hard substances such as steel and concrete.
fungibility	Possibility to exchange different types of reduction credits achieved under different mechanism (eg NZUs and AAUs).
particles	The aggregate component of particleboard manufactured by mechanical means from wood.
hardening off	Preparing seedlings or rooted cuttings for planting by gradually reducing water, nutrients, or day length, or by increasing light intensity and thus inducing changes in shoots that make them more resistant to exposure to full sunlight.
habitat	the place where an organism lives and/or the conditions of that environment including the soil, vegetation, water, and food
farm services agency	The branch of the U.S
evaporation	The process whereby moisture is turned to water vapor and removed from a surface
snow pack	A seasonal accumulation of slow-melting snow.
organic soil	Any soil or soil horizon containing at least 30% organic matter (e.g., muck, peat).
recreation feature	a biological, physical, cultural or historic feature that has recreational significance or value
scatophagous	Feeding on dung or excrement.
maturity class	Trees or stands grouped according to their stage of development, from establishment to suitability for harvest
seed collection area	A forest stand that exhibits good characteristics of growth, form, and vigor and that is not managed for cone production, but from which seed is collected, usually at the time of harvest.
fire edge	The boundary of a fire at a given moment.
variety	Specifically within forestry, any clone or product of breeding given a separate name.
hydrologic cycle	the cyclic transfer of water vapor from the Earth's surface via evapotranspiration into the atmosphere, from the atmosphere via precipitation back to earth, and through runoff into streams, rivers, and lakes, and ultimately into the oceans.
suction lift	In fire service, the number of feet (meters) of vertical lift from the surface of the water to the center of the pump impeller
sedimentary rock	rock formed of sediment, and specifically: (1) sandstone and shale, formed of fragments of other rock transported from their sources and deposited in water; and (2) rocks formed by or from secretions of organisms, such as most limestone
objective	A description of a desired condition; quantified and measured, and where possible, with established time frames for achievement.
primary productivity	A measure of the rate at which new organic matter is formed and accumulated through photosynthesis and chemosynthesis activity of producer organisms (chiefly, green plants)
cambium	A thin layer of specialized cells within a tree's trunk that divide to produce new inner bark cells to the outside and new sapwood cells to the inside
frill girdling	Girdling by making a series of downward, more or less overlapping incisions, generally for the introduction of herbicide
second assessment report	An extensive review of worldwide research on climate change compiled by the IPCC and published in 1995
greenhouse gas source	Any process or activity (for example, forest fires or conversion of forest land to agricultural or urban uses) that releases greenhouse gases or precursors of those gases into the atmosphere
blister	Circular bulge caused by the excessive growth of cells in part of a leaf, often with fungal cells mixed in.
cable skidder	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines: skidder.
plunge cut	Starting a cut in the center of a log using the tip of the chain saw blade
t-slot	A slot milled in the shape of an upside down "T" to hold special bolts for clamps or jigs.
framing chisel	A large chisel with long, heavy blades, strong enough to be hit with a heavy mallet.
glowing combustion phase	The final phase of combustion following flaming and smoldering phases.
partial-thickness burn	A burn where the outer layer of skin is burned through and the second layer of skin (dermis) is damaged and is typically, a painful injury
urban interface	The Urban Interface, otherwise known as the Wildland-Urban Interface, is the area where residential development occurs on forested lands, particularly near the boundaries of public lands
impeder	An individual of any value actually impeding the development of another individual of higher grade.
continuous discharge	A discharge that occurs without interruption throughout the operating hours of a facility, except for infrequent shutdowns for maintenance, process changes, or other similar activities.
n20	See Nitrous oxide.
decomposers	Micro-organisms that break down, digest and metabolize organic wastes, such as dead leaves, dropped fruits, wood and dead animals.
greenhouse gas	A gas—such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone—that is transparent to incoming solar radiation but less so to the infrared radiation reflected back by the Earth's surface, hence trapping part of the solar energy and warming the planet's surface enough to sustain life
mixmaster	The person in charge of fire retardant mixing operations with responsibility for quantity and quality of the slurry and for the loading of aircraft.
economic leakage	Economic activity being displaced from one country to another, with a consequent reduction in economic welfare in the former country.
disease	Alteration of the normal functions of a whole plant or part of it, caused by a living or dead agent
post	Upright or vertical timbers erected within the frame that provide structural support of the members above.
spread index meter	Device for combining measured ratings of various fire danger factors into numerical classes or rates of spread.
competition	The fight for resources (light, water, nutrients) among neighboring trees.
marking timber	indicating by paint or other means which trees are to be cut or otherwise treated
torque	The amount of force that is needed to turn an object such as a screw or bolt.
biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification	a hierarchical classification system scheme having three levels of integration: regional, local and chronological; and combining climatic, vegetation and site factors
balanced construction	The symmetrical construction of plywood or other composites having matching layers on both sides of the central plane so that changes in moisture content will not cause warp.
residual stand	Trees remaining in an area after the cutting operation has been completed (9).
hydraulic gradient	Water level from a given point upstream to a given point downstream; or the height of the water surface above a subsurface point
contractor	Person who has a contract to do all or any part of a logging job (19).
digital orthophoto quadrangle	USGS digital product derived from high altitude aerial photography
defects	characteristics of an individual tree that reduce its quality and utility.
irrigation return flow	Surface and subsurface water that leaves a field after the application of irrigation water.
energy conservation	Reduction or elimination of unnecessary energy use and waste
face frame	In cabinetmaking, a face frame is a flat frame attached to the front of a carcase
light framing lumber	Lumber that is 5 to 10 cm thick and 5 to 10 cm wide
shrinkage	A decrease in wood dimensions due to loss of water in the wood cell walls
wildland	Uncultivated land other than fallow
demand-side management	Policies and programmes for influencing the demand for goods and/or services
structural integrity	A structure uncompromised ability to safely resist the required loads.
null	période de jeunesse
stand development	NULL
true airspeed	Velocity of an aircraft in its flight path relative to the air through which it is moving.
angle planting	NULL
hazardous materials	Substances that are identified, classified, and regulated in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 and Hazardous Materials Regulations 175.
null	cœur noueux
decomposition	Metabolic breakdown of organic materials; the formation of by-products of decomposition releases energy and simple organic and inorganic compounds
evapotranspiration	The combined process of water evaporation from the Earth's surface and transpiration from vegetation.
rekindle	Reignition due to latent heat, sparks, or embers or due to presence of smoke or steam.
county	See ownership classes.
residual stand	the trees remaining intact following any cutting operation.
sequestration	The uptake and storage of carbon
grass stem indicators	Remains of grass stems having different appearances based on the direction of fire spread.
core	Remaining wood after a veneer peeling operation is completed
aromatic	Having a pleasant odor
stand	A community of trees possessing sufficient uniformity in composition, age, arrangement, or condition to be distinguishable from the forest or other growth on adjoining areas, thus forming a silvicultural or management entity.
jtd	Jointed
tooth back	The read side of a saw blade tooth facing away from the direction of the cut.
spillway	A spillway is the part of a dam over which excess floodwater flows
breast height	1.30 metre (4 1/2 feet) above ground level
release order	The order that defines when personnel and/or equipment will be ready for release from an incident.
seed	Fertilized ovule that contains an embryo and has the capacity to produce a new individual.
air compressor	A compressor that takes in air at atmospheric pressure and delivers it as a higher pressure.
seed block	Generally used to describe uncut blocks of trees that are left between and around small clearcut blocks to provide seeds for natural regeneration (17).
gis	See Geographical Information System.
oven-dried weight	The weight of a piece of lumber that has been dried, under high temperatures, in an oven until it is devoid of all water
variable sky condition	A sky condition that varies between reportable values of sky cover amounts during the period of observation.
time in service	With respect to maintenance time records, the time from the moment an aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it touches at the next point of landing.
proud	To protrude above the surface so it is sticking out a bit.
cost of capital	Investment required to create and maintain productive capital (22).
visual quality objective	aresource management objective established by the district manager or contained in a higher level plan that reflects the desired level of visual quality based on the physical characteristics and social concern for the area
tolerance	a tree species' capacity to grow in shade
hog	Machine used to grind wood into chips for use as fuel or for other purposes; the wood used is usually waste wood unfit for lumber or other uses (12)
controlled burn	(See Prescribed Burn.)
low voltage lighting	Commercially available lighting systems that use a transformer to reduce the needed electrical current
fire interval	The number of years between two successive fire events for a given area; also referred to as fire-free interval or fire-return interval.
auger planting	Setting plants in loosened soil replaced in or brought to a dug hole using an auger.
branchlet	A small tree branch
cellulose	A carbohydrate (sugar-based biopolymer compound) that is the main structural component of green plants
maggot	Whitish larva that resembles a worm and has no legs (example : fly larva).
x	The drafting symbol for a cross section of an object.
mbf	Abbreviation denoting one thousand board feet that is a typical unit of volume for saw logs and manufactured wood products.
keyhole prism	A tool with different-sized openings to look through to determine whether a tree is “in” a variable plot.
open-grained	Common classification of painters for woods with large pores, such as oak, ash, chestnut, and walnut
tips	Nozzle tips used to change orifice size of a hose stream.
bulb	A modified stem, usually underground, consisting of one or more buds surrounded by thick, fleshy, food storage scale leaves.
succession	The natural sequence of plant community replacement beginning with bare ground and resulting in a final, stable community in which a climax forest is reached.
radiation	Propagation of energy in free space by virtue of joint, undulatory variations in the electric or magnetic fields in space, (i.e., by electromagnetic waves).
convert	Convert in relation to a New Zealand Unit means transfer of the unit to a conversion account in the Registry.
soil productivity	Capacity or suitability of a soil, for establishment and growth of a specified crop or plant species, primarily through nutrient availability
dry bulb temperature	The temperature of the air measured in the shade 4-8 feet above the ground.
micro-organism	A microscopic one or multi-celled organism, such as a bacterium, virus, yeast, alga, fungus and protozoan.
root pruning	The act of reducing one or more roots considered to be superfluous, usually at some stage before outplanting, in order to improve the shape and size of a root system.
leaf-fall	Normal shedding of leaves in the fall.
null	mode de régénération par coupes progressives en placettes et bandes
ripple marks	Fine horizontal striations visible on the tangential longitudinal surfaces of certain wood
salvage cut	the removal of dead, damaged, or diseased trees to recover maximum value prior to deterioration.
user's accuracy	The probability that a sample from the mapped data actually represents that category on the ground, also known as error of commission
reeep	Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership.
convection column	The rising column of gases, smoke, fly ash, particulates, and other debris produced by a fire
ribonucleic acid	Molecule found in the cells of living organisms, where it plays an important role in protein synthesis; in some viruses it is the carrier of genetic information.
pitch streak	A well-defined accumulation of pitch in the wood cells in a more or less regular streak.
parthenogenesis	Form of reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg.
crude death rate	The annual number of deaths per 1000 population in a given area.
hematophagous	Feeding on blood.
soil	the naturally occurring, unconsolidated mineral or organic material at the surface of the earth that is capable of supporting plant growth
known	to be able to distinguish; recognize as distinct
anthophilous	Fond of flowers
sustainable forest initiative	This is a program that was established in 1994 and currently certifies over 152 million acres in the United States and Canada
mobile harvester	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines: harvester.
mineralization	The transformation of organic matter into a mineral or an inorganic compound.
hacksawing	The use of a long blade mounted in a bow-shaped frame
consumptive use	that part of water withdrawn that is evaporated, transpired by plants, incorporated into products or crops, consumed by humans or livestock, or otherwise removed from the immediate water environment
pathogen	Disease-causing agent, especially microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and viruses.
dead blow hammer	A specialized mallet helpful in minimizing damage to the struck surface and in controlling striking force with minimal rebound from the striking surface.
storage life	The period of time during which a packaged adhesive can be stored under specific temperature conditions and remain suitable for use.
residual value	The actual or assumed value of a machine after it has been fully depreciated.
lignification	The maturing of fruits and transformation of young branches into wood that occurs at the end of summer in preparation for winter.
parasite	A plant, fungus, or microbe that actively extracts nutrients or water from live host plant tissues, typically by means of intrusive organs or by living internally
forwarder	A self-propelled machine, usually self-loading, that transports trees or logs by carrying them completely off the ground.
shade tolerant species	NULL
perennial	Said of plants that have a life cycle of at least two years.
bull stick	Steel bar for punching holes under stumps for placement of dynamite or powder (19)
root-to-shoot ratio	The total mass or volume of the plant root system divided by the total mass or volume of the shoot system, usually on an oven-dry basis.
smoke management	The policies and practices implemented by air and natural resource managers directed at minimizing the amount of smoke entering populated areas or impacting sensitive sites, avoiding significant deterioration of air quality and violations of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and mitigating human-caused visibility impacts in Class I areas.
ecosystem	An interactive system that includes the organisms of a natural community association together with their abiotic physical, chemical, and geochemical environment.
tikanga māori	Māori customary values and practices.
network	Beginning particularly in the 1970s and ’80s, with the beginning of the fragmentation of the social movements, and stimulated by Habermas’s work on discourse ethics, “networks” began to be seen as an alternative to both “social movements” and “communities” as a way of theorising social action.
null	stade de fourré
plasmid	A small circle of bacterial DNA that is used as a vector to transfer genes from one organism to another
biochemical oxygen demand	The amount of oxygen per unit volume of water required to bacterially or chemically oxidize (stabilize) the oxidizable matter in water
spatial and temporal scales	Climate may vary on a large range of spatial and temporal scales
oak-pine forest type	an association of tree species common to the Southeastern United States that includes loblolly pine, Virginia pine, northern red oak, and white ash.
longitudinal dispersion	The spreading of chemical or biological constituents, including pollutants, downstream from a point source at varying velocities due to the differential in-stream flow characteristics.
cull	Refers to a tree having no commercial value, usually from having rot, holes, large knots or from being crooked rather than from being too small or of an unmerchantable species
seedbed	An area prepared to receive seeds, such as an area cleared of plants and duff, so that natural seed fall can establish a new forest.
callus	Thickening and hardening of the cambium tissues which occur as part of a plant's response to a wound.
full-cut lumber	Lumber that in thickness and width measures fully up to specified sizes; a term sometimes confused with ‘cut-full' lumber, the latter admitting lumber intentionally manufactured in larger than nominal thickness and width.
conifer	Member of a group of trees commonly called softwoods or gymnosperms
fungus stain	Lumber stain caused by fungus growth in wood; fungi can be either of the sapwood-staining or decay-producing types.
plot sampling	A method for measuring a large forested area (e.g
hybridization	Sexual reproduction using genetically distinct parents, that is, belonging to different populations, varieties, or species.
apterous	Wingless.
defined forest area	a specified area of forest, land, and water delineated for the purposes of registration of a Sustainable Forest Management System
moulding	A wood strip that is provided with a decorative shape.
stand	A group of standing trees is referred to as a stand
hydric	Soil that is saturated for sufficient periods of time to produce anaerobic conditions (11).
monsoon climate	Climate characterized by (a) a long winter-spring dry season which includes a "cold season" followed by a short "hot season" immediately preceding the rains, (b) a summer and early autumn rainy season which is usually very wet (but highly variable from year to year), and (c) a secondary maximum of temperature immediately after the rainy season.
thinning regime	A term comprising the type, degree, and frequency of thinning for a given area, generally along with the year of commencement and sometimes termination.
site improvement	Modifications to a given site in order to improve growing conditions for a specific species or mixture of species.
greenbelt	A strip of unspoiled, often treed, agricultural or other outlying land used to separate or ring urban areas.
juvenile wood	The wood in every tree that forms within its first 10 years or so; usually has undesirable characteristics such as low strength and shrinkage along the grain.
mbm	Thousand (ft.) board measure.
maximum relative humidity	The highest value for relative humidity measured at the observation site during the preceding 24-hour period.
mite	Acarian that feeds on plant or animal matter.
climate projection	A projection of the response of the climate system to emission or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols, or radiative forcing scenarios, often based upon simulations by climate models
pest	Organism that causes serious damage to plants or foodstuffs.
base level	Lowest point to which a stream may erode its channel; the ultimate base level is sea level; temporary or local base levels are defined by rock, hardpan, or other strata that resist downcutting and force erosional processes laterally.
stump sprout	NULL
counter fire	Fire set between main fire and backfire to hasten spread of backfire
winds aloft	Generally, wind speeds and wind directions at various levels in the atmosphere above the domain of surface weather observations.
tenure	The terms under which a forest manager or owner possesses the rights, and assumes the responsibilities, to use, harvest or manage one or more forest resource in a specified forest area for a specified period of time
biodegradable	material capable of being decomposed eg
fragipans	A natural subsurface soil horizon seemingly cemented when dry, but when moist showing moderate to weak brittleness, usually low in organic matter, and very slow to permeate water.
commissary	Supply of items such as candy, tobacco products, toilet items, and work clothes that are made available for sale to all incident personnel.
shapefile	A digital file format particular to software products from the Environmental Research Systems Institute (ESRI) and used within a GIS to geographically describe points, lines and polygons, as well as associated attribute information.
reaction wood	Wood with distinctive anatomical and physical characteristics, formed typically in parts of leaning or crooked stems and in branches, that tends to restore the original position of the branch or stem if this has been disturbed
taper cut	The new wood in a tree that lies between the bark and the heartwood
fire resistant tree	A species with compact, resin-free, thick corky bark and less flammable foliage that has a relatively lower probability of being killed or scarred by a fire than a fire sensitive tree.
rotary-cut veneer	Veneer which was cut from a log in one long sheet
agrobacterium	A genus of naturally occurring soil bacteria used to transfer genes into plants.
i-joist	A beam whose cross section resembles the letter "I"
oak-hickory forest type	an association of tree species common to the Northeastern United States that includes oak, hickory, yellow poplar, and red maple.
figure	Any distinctive appearance on a longitudinal wood surface resulting from anatomical structure, irregular coloration or defects.
ecological reserves	areas of Crown land which have the potential to satisfy one or more of the following criteria:
7-day q10	Lowest 7-day flow that occurs an average of every ten years.
estuary	a place where fresh and salt water mix, such as a bay, salt marsh, or where a river enters an ocean.
evaporation	The release of water vapor to the atmosphere from soil and litter, and from the foliage after rainfall and dew.
pith	A soft core in the center of a tree trunk.
vesicule	A bladder-like cyst or sac (similar to a blister) that contains a fluid
productive time	See machine time, scheduled operating time.
fahrenheit	A temperature scale on which 320 F denotes the temperature of melting ice, and 2120 F the temperature of boiling water, both under standard atmospheric pressure.
operations section	The section responsible for all tactical operations at the incident
incident business advisor	Liaison and advisor to the Agency Administrator or Area Commander and works directly for the Agency Administrator or Area Commander
deciduous tree	Member of a group of trees commonly called hardwoods or angiosperms
flume	Trough of water used to convey wood (24).
fire whirl	Spinning vortex column of ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying aloft smoke, debris, and flame
logging setting	Area to be logged; a block or strip
carbon sinks	In New Zealand the phrase generally applies to planted forests which remove CO2 from the atmosphere
thermoplastic	A material that will repeatedly soften when heated and harden when cooled.
skyline slope	The slant or inclination of the skyline chord, generally expressed as a percent (32).
productive land base	see Defined Forest Area return to top
simple coppice system	A coppice system in which the crop is clearcut and regenerated by stool shoots, stump sprouts, or root suckers, giving even-aged stands; rotation is relatively short.
borer	Relates to an organism that bores into and feeds on the woody and non-woody portions of plants.
potable water	water of a quality suitable for drinking.
null	peuplement à deux classes d'âge
release	The act of freeing seedlings (young trees) by eliminating plants that overtop or closely surround them.
sheepsfoot roller	Steel drum with short metal rods on the outside; sometimes shaped like a sheep's foot
wood pulp	Fiber from wood with varying degrees of purification that is used for the production of paper, paper board, and chemical products (22).
metabolite	Starting, intermediate, or product compound in a chemical reaction that involves the breaking down of a molecule or the joining of molecules by an enzyme.
crown closure	the percentage of a given area covered by tree crowns
lock set	A door lock.
preservative	Any substance applied to wood that helps it resist decay, harmful insects, or rotting.
attack a fire	Limit the spread of fire by any appropriate means.
biltmore stick	a tool calibrated to measure the diameter of a tree at breast height. Biltmore sticks are calibrated with different scales depending on the users' arm length.
geyser	a geothermal feature of the Earth where there is an opening in the surface that contains superheated water that periodically erupts in a shower of water and steam.
ros	Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. The land classification system that categorizes land by its setting and the probable recreation experiences and activities it affords
gcos	Global Climate Observing System.
q-factor	A device used to describe the structure of an uneven aged stand
delay time	See machine time, scheduled operating time.
mobilization	The process and procedures used by all organizations, federal, state and local, for activating, assembling, and transporting all resources that have been requested to respond to or support an incident.
mass wasting	(also soil mass movement): Downslope transport of soil and rocks due to gravitational stress.
tread	The walking surface of each step in a stairway.
transform	The process of converting coordinates (map or image) from one coordinate system to another
abiotic	Something that is not living (for example, rock).
relief well	Engineers use relief wells on the landside of flood control levees to relieve the pressure on the levee from high flows in the river
ferrule	Metal band or socket in which the terminal of a wire or wire rope is fastened securely (32).
null	coupe de préparation de lisière
seedling	A tree size class. A small (usually young) tree typically over 12 inches and height and less than 1 inch in diameter. See size class.
holding account	Carbon credits held in an active holding account can be traded provided that they have not been retired or cancelled, ie previously used as an offset, and are not registered in more than one registry
consulting forester	an independent professional who manages forests and markets forest products for private woodland owners
pattern	The distribution of an aerially delivered retardant drop on the target area in terms of its length, width, and momentum (velocity x mass) as it approaches the ground
impreg.	Wood in which the cell walls have been impregnated with synthetic resin so as to reduce materially its swelling and shrinking.
safety briefing	A safety briefing emphasizes key safety concerns on the incident and is presented at each briefing session
setback	The area along a property's edge where new construction is restricted or forbidden by local zoning laws.
competition	A variety of plants or animals vying for certain resources, such as food, moisture, nutrients, or sunlight.
hand plane	A tool to smooth and true wood surfaces, consisting of a blade fastened in frame at an angle with hand grips to slide it along the board
heart shake	A split that starts at the heart of a log.
registered carbon certifier	A contractor or consultant approved by the administering agency to carry out carbon assessments
claviform	Club-shaped.
convection	The transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or liquid; convection, conduction, and radiation are the principal means of energy transfer.
hardwoods	Broad-leaved trees which lose their leaves in the fall.
per capita use	the average amount of water used per person during a standard time period, generally per day.
containerboard	Component materials used in the manufacture of shipping containers and other corrugated board products.
carrying capacity	the maximum number of individuals of a wildlife species that an area can support during the most unfavorable time of the year.
evapotranspiration	The evaporation of water from the soil and the transpiration of water from the plants that live in that soil.
impeller	Rotating part of a centrifugal pump which imparts energy to the liquid to be moved
mastic	A material with adhesive properties, usually used in relatively thick sections, which can be readily applied by extraction, trowel, or spatula.
natural disturbance type	an area that is characterized by a natural disturbance regime
aets	Australian Emissions Trading Scheme – An emissions trading scheme being established by the Australian Government as part of an effective framework for meeting the climate change challenge.
wet-bulb depression	The difference between the wet and dry-bulb temperatures recorded by a psychrometer; used in conjunction with the dry-bulb temperature as a measure of the relative humidity of the air.
relative thinning intensity	NULL
nontidal wetlands	wetlands not affected by ocean tides. Nontidal wetlands are subject to special regulations.
coppice with reserves	NULL
alkalinity	the capacity of water for neutralizing an acid solution.
run-out	The amount of wobble in a shaper or router.
mechanical planting	Setting out young trees by means of a machine specially designed for this operation.
rasp	A long and flat steel tool with raised teeth for shaping wood; some rounded on one side.
oxbow lake	An oxbow lake is a stagnant lake that is formed alongside a winding river when the river changes path because of soil erosion, leaving an abandoned stream channel, cut off from the rest of the river.
band saw	A saw with a looped blade running around two or three wheels
null	traitement par entaillage de l'écorce
fire detection	Act or system of discovering and locating fires.
hibernaculum	A place or material in which young insect larvae hide during the winter.
pin knot	One knot over ½" in diameter.
null	développement d'un peuplement
head rig	Principal machine in a sawmill; used for initial breakdown of logs by sawing along the grain
full-cell process	Any process for impregnating wood with preservatives or chemicals, in which a vacuum is drawn to remove air from the wood before admitting the preservative.
surface area-to-volume ratio	The ratio between the surface area of an object, such as a fuel particle, to its volume
off-highway truck	Truck designed to handle loads exceeding legal highway size and weight restrictions (20)
crown	the top of a tree or group of trees; the leaves and living branches of a tree
structure	The arrangement of vegetation in terms of density, basal area, cover, and vertical arrangement.
mutation	A change to the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome; may be expressed or unexpressed by the cell
healthy	having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease
site class	Classification based on ecological factors and the potential production capacity of an area; a measure of the relative production capacity of a site (17)
suspended and bedded sediments	Particulate organic and inorganic matter that suspend in or are carried by the water, and/or accumulate in a loose, unconsolidated form on the bottom of natural water bodies.
seed tree	A tree selected for seed collection or left after harvesting to produce seeds that will germinate and create a new forest.
solution	a mixture of a solvent and a solute
photo-signature	Characteristics of an item on a photograph by which the item may be identified.
mean	The sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values in the data set.
primary representative	Primary representative means an individual appointed by an account holder as the account holder's primary representative in accordance with any regulations made under this Act.
plain	A relatively large, level, featureless topographic surface.
bright	Term used to indicate that lumber is free from discoloration.
log rule or scale	a method for calculating wood volume in a tree or log by using its diameter and length
low	An area of relatively low atmospheric pressure in which winds tend to move in a counterclockwise direction, spiraling in toward the low's center.
in principle decision	In this context, ‘in-principle' means the Government would need compelling evidence to adopt a different policy approach.
heat release rate	Total amount of heat produced per unit mass of fuel consumed per unit time.
minimum mapping unit	The smallest area that will be consistently delineated during photo interpretation
eg	Edge (vertical) Grain
dispose	Dispose in relation to waste means the final (or more than short term) deposit of waste into or onto land set apart for that purpose and includes incinerating the waste by deliberately burning the waste to destroy it, but not to recover energy from it.
sample plot	A small area that is used to represent a larger area (e.g
null	modèle de décision
ft sm	Feet surface measure
intensive agriculture	Crop or livestock growing that involves relatively small amounts of land and relatively high inputs of labor (or other forms of energy)
seed tree technique	Technique used in even-aged timber management that involves removing an entire stand in one cut, while leaving a number of trees behind to provide seed for regeneration.
haze	A sufficient concentration of atmospheric aerosols to affect a visible attenuation of light and measurable reduction in visual range
bevel cut	An angled cut through a board.
protecting agency	Agency responsible for providing direct incident management within a specific geographical area pursuant to its jurisdictional responsibility or as specified and provide by contract, cooperative agreement, etc.
patch cutting	A silvicultural system that creates openings less than one hectare in size and is designed to manage each opening as a distinct even-aged opening.
fruit body	A reproductive structure on or in which spores of a fungus are produced.
colluvium	Soil and rock debris on a hillslope that has been transported from its original location.
iwp	Idaho White Pine
equivalent carbon dioxide emission	Carbon dioxide equivalency is a quantity that describes, for a given mixture and amount of greenhouse gas, the amount of CO2 that would have the same global warming potential (GWP), when measured over a specified timescale (generally, 100 years).
streamflow	the water discharge that occurs in a natural channel
brush rake	NULL
turbocharger	Air pump designed to put more air into engine cylinders; pump is driven by the exhaust heat (22).
reference point	An identifiable location on the ground (such as a clearing, bend or intersection of a road, etc.) used as the starting point for sample plot grid.
aspect	The direction a slope is facing; its exposure in relation to the sun (e.g
bark	The outer layer of the stems, limbs and twigs of woody plants
board foot	A unit of wood volume measuring 1 foot x 1 foot x 1 inch
fire suppression organization	The personnel and equipment collectively assigned to the suppression of a specific fire or group of fires.
measures	Measures are technologies, processes, and practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions or effects below anticipated future levels
diapause	A period of greatly decreased metabolic activity occurring in arthropods
accessory species	A species of less commercial value than the principal species but sometimes useful in assisting the latter and liable to influence the method of treatment to some degree.
carbon trading	Emissions trading, as set out in Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol, allows countries that have emission units to spare - emissions permitted them but not 'used' - to sell this excess capacity to countries that are over their targets
tidal flushing	The act of seawater displacing fresh water within a lagoon or estuary.
vessel elements	Wood cells in hardwoods of comparatively large diameter that have open ends and are set one above the other to form continuous tubes called vessels.
stand	a group (or cluster) of upright trees.
occlusion	The process of healing of cut branch stubs by the cambium of the surrounding stem surface.
moulding	Small shaped lengths of wood used for both interior and exterior trim.
scalping	Paring off low and surface vegetation, with most of its roots, to expose a weed-free soil surface, generally preparatory to sowing or planting thereon
germplasm	The total set of genes of an individual representing a variety or species that may be used for conservation purposes.
smoke-sensitive area	Area in which smoke from outside sources is intolerable, for reasons such as heavy population, existing air pollution, or intensive recreation or tourist use.
apportionment	the distribution of the AAC for a TSA among timber tenures by the Minister in accordance with Section 10 of the Forest Act
plumb bob	A usually conical metal weight attached to the end of a plumb line.
thinning schedule	NULL
null	essartage
imi interactivity levels	Standards to which IMI products are developed conforming to interactivity level(s) which are appropriate for the instructional design, strategy, media, content, and course specifications.
holding actions	All actions taken to stop the spread of fire.
toe kick	An indentation designed into the bottom of a cabinet to provide room to allow the user to stand closer to the countertop.
buying team	A team that supports incident procurement through the local administrative staff and is authorized to procure a wide range of services, supplies, and land and equipmental rentals
operations research	Scientific approach to decision making that involves the operations of organizational systems (22).
balance of trade	The difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports
joe poke	a small tree that has been damage by timber harvesting operations so severely that it is not likely to survive
emissions offsets	Individuals and businesses are able to offset the emissions they produce through other activities that have a positive impact
pin hole	From any cause approximately 1/16" in diameter.
abiotic stress	Stress induced by the non-living component of the environment.
ripper plough	A V-shaped plough mounted with a ripper blade used for scarification on frozen soil.
mottling	A term used to describe various figuring effects, from subtle lacewood to a more velvety figuring.
geographic information system	NULL
oxidation	Process during which oxygen combines with another substance.
ic	Incense Cedar
apparatus	A motor-driven vehicle, or group of vehicles, designed and constructed for the purpose of fighting fires
mining	Mining has the same meaning as in the Crown Minerals Act 1991.
clear	Log without knots; first quality log (19).
seedling	Young tree grown from seed, from the time of germination until it reaches sapling size
nail gun	A mechanical device for driving nails into an object by the force of compressed air.
inhibition	Process of extinguishing fire by the use of an agent that interrupts the chemical reactions in the combustion process.
rebate	An amount intended to refund the cost of a policy measure
hierarchical	A system, which ranks persons and things in order of, perceived importance and worth.
megatonne	One million tonnes
layer	NULL
bryophyte	A member of the plant order Bryophyta, including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
boundary conditions	The temperature and relative humidity of the boundary layer.
iron pipe thread	A tapered thread standard that is used for connecting various sizes of rigid pipe
habitat	The environment in which an individual or species (plant or animal) occupies. Basic habitat requirements include water, food/nutrients, and protection. Requirements for any particular species can change seasonally, geographically, and with age.
goos	Global Ocean Observing System.
runoff	Water which is not absorbed by the soil and flows to lower ground, eventually draining into a stream, river, or other body of water.
associated species	NULL
niche environment	The unique environment used to sustain the existence of an organism or species.
discharge	Outflow; the flow of a stream, canal, or aquifer.
cover	The area on the ground covered by the combined aerial parts of plants expressed as a percent of the total area.
null	têtard
soft suction	Commonly accepted term for short length of large diameter soft hose used to connect a structural or wildland engine with a hydrant
net market benefits	Climate change, especially moderate climate change, is expected to bring positive and negative impacts to market-based sectors, but with significant differences across different sectors and regions and depending on both the rate and magnitude of climate change
map accuracy	A measure of the maximum errors permitted in horizontal positions and elevations shown on maps
ecology	The study of the interactions and relationships between organisms and environments
full-sibs	Trees with both parents in common
enzyme	A protein produced by a living organism and that speeds up a specific biochemical reaction
wetland	The transitional area between dry land and aquatic areas having a high water table of shallow water
intermediate treatments	Any treatment in a stand during that portion of the rotation not included in the final harvest or regeneration period
visibility	The greatest horizontal distance at which selected objects can be seen and identified, or its equivalent derived from instrumental measurements.
double doughnut	Two lengths of hose rolled side by side or a single length rolled into two small coils for convenient handling.
bluff toe	The base of a bluff where it meets the beach (see Illustration 1).
above ground level	Term frequently used in aviation operations, usually in connection with a stated altitude.
null	cime
woody tissue	Plant tissue containing lignin, the main component of wood.
virgin forest	an area of old-growth trees that never has been harvested by humans.
against the grain	A reference to the cutting direction; as in planing a board surface, such that splitting ahead of the cutter follows the grain direction downward into the wood below the projected cutting surface
global positioning system	The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system of satellites all transmitting via microwave their precise location and the precise time of transmission (which of course changes at extremely small increments)
qualifications and certification	This subsystem of NIIMS provides recommended qualification and certification for those personnel responding to an incident regionally or nationally, allowing for the development of local minimum standards to meet local needs
background levels	Levels representing the chemical, physical, and biological conditions that would result from natural geomorphological processes such as weathering or dissolution.
null	opération d'amélioration
water flow regime	the passage of water under the influence of gravity through soils, rocks, and other substrates
null	tableau d'inventaire
windbreak	A small-scale shelterbelt or other barrier, natural or artificial, maintained against the wind.
branding iron	A tool used for burning a logo or name on to wood; electric or flame heated.
water quality	The biological, chemical and physical conditions of a water body
out-of-shift repair time	See machine time, scheduled nonoperating time.
gross domestic product	The total value of all goods and services produced within Canada during a given year.
suspended sediment	very fine soil particles that remain in suspension in water for a considerable period of time without contact with the bottom
sexual reproduction	Reproduction that involves the fusion of genetic material from two distinct entities.
nutraceutical	According to Health Canada, a product isolated or purified from foods (including from specific forest-based foods) that is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease
phytocide	Any chemical preparation used to kill or inhibit the growth of certain plants, their spores, or seed
windthrow	see Blowdown
gentrification	A process whereby lower-income housing (or other buildings) are renovated for middle- and upper-income people and businesses
intermittent stream	One that has intervals of flow interspersed with intervals of no flow
hectare	A unit of area measurement equal to 10 000 square metres used to measure very large areas of land
relief	Exemptions and rebates designed to offset the cost of a policy measure, such as a tax or other charge.
ft	Foot
agency dispatch	The agency or jurisdictional facility from which resources are allocated to incidents.
interphase	In wood bonding, a region of finite thickness as a gradient between the bulk adherent and bulk adhesive in which the adhesive penetrates and alters the adherents properties and in which the presence of the adherent influences the chemical and/or physical properties of the adhesive.
preconnected	Hard suction hose or discharge hose carried connected to pump, eliminating delay occasioned when hose and nozzles must be connected and attached at fire.
agroforestry	The deliberate integration, in space or time, of woody perennials with herbaceous crops and/or animals on the same land management unit.
catch crop	A short-term, generally agricultural crop introduced into and at the start of a longer-rotation forest crop, mainly to provide early financial returns.
nurse log	A dead or downed log that fosters tree seedlings by protecting them from such environmental factors as wind, insolation, or frost, or by providing appropriate soil and microclimate.
joint liaison group	Group of representatives of UNFCCC, CBD, and UNCCD Secretariats set up to explore common activities to confront problems related to climate change, biodiversity and desertification.
gage	The side-to-side thickness of a band saw blade.
base year	1990 is the base year used in the UNFCCC and also for most Quantified Emission Limitation and Reduction Commitment(s) (QELRC) established under the Kyoto Protocol
pressure gradient	The difference in atmospheric pressure between two points on a weather map
cover	The area of ground covered by the vertical projection of the aerial parts of plants of one or more species
railroad fire	A fire resulting from any operation or activity of a railroad, except smoking.
unfccc	See United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
load factor	Average load or power output of an engine or machine, expressed as a percentage of its maximum capacity (20).
dry	Seasoned, usually to a moisture content of less than 19%.
log rule	a method for calculating wood volume in a tree or log by using its diameter and length
diagram	A scale drawing showing information about a fire scene.
aerial photo interpreter	A person skilled in identification and measurements of natural and cultural features on aerial photographs.
cord	A unit of measure of wood that is equivalent to a pile of round wood 4 feet wide, 8 feet long and 4 feet high
death watch beetle	A beetle that is about ¼ inch long and very destructive to structural beams.
toxicity test	a procedure to determine the toxicity of a chemical or an effluent by using living organisms
hardwood	Trees whose leaves are not persistent and fall off at the end of a defined growing season or during a period of temperature or moisture stress
preservative	Any substance that, for a reasonable length of time, will prevent the action of wood-destroying fungi, bores or various kinds, and similar destructive life when the wood has been properly coated or impregnated with it.
rich tool	A long-handled combination rake and cutting tool, the blade of which is constructed of a single row of mowing machine cutter teeth fastened to a piece of angle iron
risk source	Identifiable human activity that historically has been a major cause of wildfires on a protection unit; one of the eight general causes listed on the standard fire report.
bdl	Bundle
log	the stem of a felled tree, trimmed of limbs, cut to preferred lengths for final products
bare-root	NULL
scenario	A plausible and often simplified description of how the future may develop based on a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions about driving forces and key relationships
medium grain	Wood with 4 to 6 rings per inch.
habitat	The place where a plant or animal lives.
filler	A tree or species of inferior value, retained in thinning or cleaning, in the absence of any better.
built environment	The man-made creation of or alterations to a specific area, including its natural resources
fertilizing	The application of chemical or organic fertilizers with the objective of increasing the unit area soil productivity.
deciduous species	Trees that lose their leaves in the fall, such as birch, maple and basswood, are deciduous species
annual	A plant that lives or grows for only one year or one growing season.
green chemistry	Chemical processes, products, and technologies that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment and that incorporate energy efficient methods, the use of renewable feedstocks, and other such considerations in their design.
prior appropriation doctrine	the system for allocating water to private individuals used in most Western states
growing stock	All the trees growing in a forest or in a specified part of it, generally expressed in terms of number or volume.
groundwater	Water within the pores between soil particles
re-vegetation	The re-establishment and development of plant cover by either natural or artificial means, such as re-seeding
cirrus	A form of high cloud, composed of ice crystals, which seldom obscures the sun.
light framing	The national grading rules contains three grades of light framing; construction, standard and utility
water stress	A country is water stressed if the available freshwater supply relative to water withdrawals acts as an important constraint on development
perennial plant	A plant that lives for more than two growing seasons
durability	A standard classification for species as to the length of time the timber will last in the ground or be exposed to the weather before decay takes place and the timber loses its structural strength.
null	bourgeon adventif
twig	The smallest division of a branch which bears the annual shoot.
fbm	Feet board measure
defoliation	The removal of all or most of a plant's leaves by natural disturbance agents (e.g., insects) or through the actions of humans (e.g., the application of herbicides).
live fuels	Living plants, such as trees, grasses, and shrubs, in which the seasonal moisture content cycle is controlled largely by internal physiological mechanisms, rather than by external weather influences.
interdependent	A group of plants that by growing together protect each other from disturbance by wind, erosion, or other natural processes
f-gases	This term refers to the groups of gases hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulphurhexafluoride, which are covered under the Kyoto Protocol.
unit	A unit means an emission unit or carbon credit.
fertilizer application	NULL
research and development	Set of activities directed toward improving and innovating products and processes from a technological point of view and not from a commercial point of view
sap-feeding	Feeding on plant sap.
ball planting	Setting out trees with their roots left undisturbed in a dug-out clod of soil
xylophagous	Feeding on woody tissues (wood).
round wood	A length of cut tree generally having a round cross-section, such as a log or bolt.
estuary	Brackish-water areas influenced by the tides where the mouth of a river meets the sea.
emission factor	The mass of particulate matter produced per unit mass of fuel consumed (pounds per ton, grams per kilogram).
sedimentation	The deposition or accumulation of sediment.
factory lumber	Lumber intended to be cut up for use in further manufacture' it is graded on the basis of the percentage of the area which will produce a limited number of cuttings of a specified, or a given minimum, size and quality.
diameter inside bark	Diameter measurement of a standing tree or log in which the estimated or actual thickness of the bark is discounted (12).
chrysalis	The pupa of butterfly
knot	Nautical miles per hour, equal to 1.15 mph.
environment	Surroundings; external area and conditions upon which animals and plants,
aboriginal land	Lands within Aboriginal reserves or Aboriginal settlements.
ecosystem	The sum of the plants, animals, environmental influences, and their interactions within a particular habitat.
endangered species	Species that are threatened with imminent extinction; includes species whose numbers or habitats have been reduced to critical levels.
greenness factor	In the 1988 version of NFDRS, a code scaled from 0 to 20 representing the greenness of grasses and shrubs from near dead to maximum greenness.
exemption	A waiver from bearing an obligation under a policy measure
liverwort	A bryophyte belonging to the class Hepaticae
emissions returns	Emissions Returns means an annual or a final emissions return submitted under the Emissions Trading Act.
ten-hour timelag fuels	Dead fuels consisting of roundwood 1/4 to l-inch (0.6 to 2.5 cm) in diameter and, very roughly, the layer of litter extending from immediately below the surface to 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) below the surface.
chelicera	The anterior, usually fanglike, pair of appendages in arachnids that are used to chew prey.
water expansion system	Apparatus utilizing a pressurized tank, hose, and nozzle for producing foam by injection of compressed air or gas into a liquid stream downstream from the pumping source
multiple use	Harmonious use of the land for more than one purpose; not necessarily the combination of uses that will yield the highest economic return, e.g., a mix of residential and commercial developments in the same area.
crustose	A crust-like growth form that is closely attached to the substrate, like paint, generally adhering by all of the lower surface and lacking a lower cortex and rhizines.
advection	The transfer of atmospheric properties by the horizontal movement of air, usually in reference to the transfer of warmer or cooler air, but may also refer to moisture.
kip	Unit of weight or force equal to 1,000 pounds (20).
climate change mitigation	Human intervention to reduce the effects of climate change.
dna fingerprinting	A method to isolate and create images of DNA sequences
water table	Upper limit of a saturated zone in the soil (11).
annex i countries	The group of countries included in Annex I (as amended in 1998) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including all the OECD countries in the year 1990 and countries with economies in transition
one-hundred hour timelag fuels	Dead fuels consisting of roundwood in the size range of 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) in diameter and very roughly the layer of litter extending from approximately three-fourths of an inch (1.9 cm) to 4 inches (10 cm) below the surface.
minimum relative humidity	The lowest value for relative humidity measured at the observation site during the preceding 24-hour period.
sacrification	Shallow loosening of the soil surface.
biological control	The use of natural predators and parasites to reduce the populations of insects that ravage forests
breast height	1.3m above the ground
sawtimber	A tree size class based on diameter. In Michigan, hardwood sawtimber typically has 11+ diameters and softwood sawtimber typically has 9+ diameters. See size class.
seedling	(1) Young tree grown from seed, from the time of germination until it reaches sapling size
mining water use	water use during quarrying rocks and extracting minerals from the land.
adhesion	A substance in which two surfaces are held together by inter-facial forces, which may consist of valence forces or interlocking action or both.
groundwater	Water that exists below the surface of the ground and fills interconnected pores in the soil and cracks in the rocks.
salvage cut	Timber harvested from an area following a catastrophic disturbance such as wind, wildfire, or insect/disease epidemic. Downed timber must be harvested within a year or two before the effects of decomposer organisms render the wood unmerchantable.
hydrophilic	Having a strong tendency to bind or absorb water.
nonindustrial tree farmer	means an owner of timberland with less than 2,500 acres who has an approved nonindustrial management plan and is not primarily engaged in the manufacture of forest products.
helicopter boss	An individual assigned to an agency helicopter to supervise assigned crew members, oversee the loading and unloading of personnel and/or cargo, and ensure that agency policies and procedures governing helicopter operations are followed.
null	mode de régénération par coupes rases en bandes contiguës successives
bacteria	Single-celled organisms that have no nucleus; Plural of bacterium.
feller delimber slasher forwarder	See harvesting machine classification, multifunction machines.
certification	Forest certification is a market-based instrument aimed at promoting sustainable forest management that takes into account environmental, economic and social issues
water table	the top of the water surface in the saturated part of an aquifer.
thermal imagery	The display or printout of an infrared scanner operating over a fire
articulated	With reference to a vehicle, hinged at the center for turning, as with a wheeled skidder (24).
yield	Amount of product output recovered from a quantity of raw material input in forest product industries
psychrometer	An instrument for measuring the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
time-temperature curve	Graph showing the increase in temperature at a specified point in a fire as a function of time, beginning with ignition and ending with burnout.
nitrogen dioxide	The result of nitric oxide combining with oxygen in the atmosphere
scale	‘lb' measure the weight or volume of a log or load of logs.
co2	Carbon dioxide.
automate	The process of entering data into a computer
crazing	Fine cracking of glass, usually from heat of fire.
piedmont	The area of foothills at the edge of a range of mountains, which represents the transition between mountain and plain
burr	A raised ridge of metal used on a scraper to remove wood.
pan	Large, flat upward-curving metal plate on which log ends or pallets are placed to make skidding easier and prevents digging in and rutting.
hardwoods	Trees with broad, flat leaves shed on an annual basis whose wood hardness varies among individual species.
null	taillis-sous-futaie
emissions leakage	The shift in emissions (and other environmental impacts) from one country to another associated with economic activity being displaced from one country to another.
lower canada	The southern part of present-day Québec, existing as a separate British province from 1791 to 1840.
agricultural density	The number of farmers per unit area of arable (farmable) land
wilt	Drying out, loss of colour and shape of leaves, then twigs and branches, caused by a lack of water or the presence of toxins.
vulnerability	The sensitivity or susceptibility of a stand to be easily affected or even destroyed such as by insects or disease.
quadrangle	Mapping unit which defines an area in terms of longitude and latitude distance
hydraulic loader	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines: loader.
stem	part of a plant; a stalk which supports a leaf, flower or fruit.
outplant	A seedling, transplant, or cutting ready to be established on an area.
imago	The adult sexually mature stage in the life cycle of an insect after metamorphosis.
main component of wood.	Lignine
course	In aviation, the intended direction of horizontal flight.
density altitude	Pressure altitude corrected for temperature deviations from standard atmosphere
diameter tape	A steel measuring tape that has a scale calibrated to read a tree's diameter when wrapped around the tree's circumference.
seed spot	syn
government	A system by which a political unit is governed.
pre-commercial thinning	Cutting trees from a young stand so that the remaining trees will have more room to grow to marketable size
disturbed areas	localities which have been impacted by natural events (fire, wind, flood, insects and also by human activities such as forest harvesting or construction of roads (Dictionary of Natural resource management + common usage) return to top
allocation	Allocation of emissions permits or allowances among greenhouse gas emitters to establish an emissions trading market
class 3	No aquatic life present
allele	One of the possible alternative forms of a gene or of any DNA sequence occupying a specific position along a chromosome
glue laminating	Production of structural or nonstructural wood members by bonding two or more layers of wood together with adhesive.
eutrophication	The nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) enrichment of an aquatic ecosystem that promotes biological productivity.
commodity	a thing or process that is produced to be bought and sold; its value is realized as exchange-value, more so than use-value.
biodegradable	Capable of being decomposed (broken down into simpler forms of matter) under natural conditions—that is, by the action of insects, other animals, and microorganisms
l-notch planting	Special form of slit planting involving two slits at right angles with the seedling placed at the apex of the L.
level	An instrument for asserting whether a surface is horizontal, vertical, or at a 45 degree angle; essentially consists of an encased, liquid-filled tube containing an air bubble that moves to a center window when an instrument is set on an even plane.
cms	Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
planimeter	An instrument used to mechanically measure an area by tracing the perimeter on a place surface
null	essences associées
minimum dry bulb temperature	The lowest value for dry bulb temperature measured at the observation site during the preceding 24-hour period.
null	intensité relative d'éclaircie
risk	A characteristic of a system or decision where the probabilities that certain states or outcomes have occurred or may occur are precisely known
club-shaped.	Claviforme
progeny test	A test in which the genetic constitution of an individual is evaluated from the performance of its progeny produced by some specific mating system.
nitrous oxide	One of the six types of greenhouse gases included under the Kyoto Protocol
bullet planting	Setting out young trees grown in bullet-shaped rigid plastic tubes, which are injected into the ground by a spring-loaded gun, sometimes into prepared holes.
sucker	A shoot arising from a root bud growing under the surface of the soil.
reclamation	Any attempt to restore to beneficial use land that has lost its fertility and stability; most often applies to mining reclamation, such as the restoration of strip mines and quarries.
trim allowance	Extra length allowed when bucking logs or estimating volume to account for loss from end injuries or uneven cuts (20).
planing mill products	Surfaced or planed lumber; products worked to pattern, such as flooring, ceiling, and siding.
damage differential	The difference in change or damage that occurs to similar objects after they are exposed to fire of differing intensity and/or duration
class 4	Man-made water course, ditch, diversion.
stocking level	The number of trees in an area as compared to the desirable number of trees for best results, such as maximum wood production
respiration	The process whereby living organisms convert organic matter to CO2, releasing energy and consuming O2.
toxin	Any of a group of poisonous, usually unstable compounds generated by microorganisms, plants, or animals.
null	pur
skeletonizer	Organism that devours the upper layer of leaves but not the veins.
greenhouse gases	atmospheric gases which enhance the natural greenhouse effect, including carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapour; atmospheric gases which prevent the escape of solar radiation radiated from the Earth's surface.
med	Ministry of Economic Development.
biodiversity	the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (Canadian Biodiversity Strategy 1995) (CSA Z80896) return to top
map validation	The process of field checking and updating photo interpretation
caa	See Carbon Accounting Area.
hydric soil	A soil that is water saturated through a significant part of the growing season, or flooded long enough to eliminate oxygen in the root zone.
biosphere	The part of the Earth system comprising all ecosystems and living organisms, in the atmosphere, on land (terrestrial biosphere) or in the oceans (marine biosphere), including derived dead organic matter, such as litter, soil organic matter and oceanic detritus.
laminated veneer lumber	Structural wood members constructed of veneers laminated to make a "flitch" from which pieces of specific sizes can be trimmed.
hinterland	The area surrounding a node or center (such as a city) and influenced by it.
thickness planer	A power-fed rotary planer that trims the surface of a board to a certain thickness.
surrender	Surrender means the transfer of a unit to a surrender account in the Registry
thermal belt	An area of mountainous slope (characteristically the middle third), where the top of the radiation inversion intersects the slope
slope	A relative measure of steepness of the ground. Slope can be computed by dividing the rise in elevation by the horizontal distance traveled
cultural practices	NULL
exotic plant	A plant that has been introduced into a region where it is not normally found.
pilot bit	A router bit fitted with bearing above the cutter which rides on the edge of a board or template, keeping the bit a fixed distance from the edge.
iaa	See Initial Assigned Amount.
population	A group that includes all possible members of a species in a territory at a given time.
discharge	Flow of surface water in a stream or canal or the outflow of groundwater from a flowing artesian well, ditch, or spring
yield	The amount of product output recovered from a quantity of raw material input in forest product industries
patrol unit	Any light, mobile unit with limited pumping and water capacity.
particulates	See particulate matter.
abney level	An instrument used to determine slopes, elevations, and heights
viable	an action or proposed action which has a feasible, realistic outcome
mast	Trees and shrubs that produce nuts (hard mast) or berries (soft mast).
s4s	Surfaced two faces and straight line ripped two edges
allowable annual cut	the allowable rate of timber harvest from a specified area of land
s1s	Surfaced one face
opportunities	Circumstances to decrease the gap between the market potential of any technology or practice and the economic potential, or technical potential.
rough-sawn	Lumber that is either green or dried that has not been dressed (planed).
barking drum	Large drum in which logs or billets are tumbled by mechanical rotation, the bark being removed by abrasive action (26)
species	Group of similar individuals having a number of correlated characteristics and sharing a common gene pool
pollen	A dust-like material comprised of microscopic particles produced by flowers that serves as the fertilizing agent (male role) in flowering plants.
azimuth	A direction expressed in the degrees of a circle that starts with north at 0° and proceeds clockwise to east (90°), south (180°), west (270°), and back to north (360°)
tick	Parasitic acarian that feeds on animal blood.
skidder	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines.
featherboard	A piece of wood with thin "fingers" that hold a board against a fence or down against the table of a power tool; usually a table saw or router.
carbon store/sink	see captive carbon.
rule joint	A joinery method used in drop left tables where the tabletop has a convex profile and the left has a concave cut
pest resistance	A heritable trait that enables an organism (e.g., a tree) to be less damaged by pests compared to its non-resistant relatives.
rainforest	Forest that occurs in an area of high rainfall
quadrangle	A USGS paper map
regeneration area	The area selected, normally in a working plan or working scheme, for regeneration generally with a specified period of time in view.
drill	NULL
bioprospecting	The search for compounds within plants and other organisms that, due to their effects on living cells, could lead to new pharmaceuticals and other bioproducts.
plant lifter	NULL
vegetation community	See community.
joint implementation	A market-based implementation mechanism defined in Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol, allowing Annex I countries or companies from these countries to implement projects jointly that limit or reduce emissions or enhance sinks
particle size	The size of a piece of fuel, often expressed in terms of size classes.
edge	The narrow face of a rectangular-shaped piece of lumber.
commitment period	A specified period in which an Annex I Party is to show compliance with its greenhouse gas emissions target
eugenic	Favorable to the genetic quality of a population
cargo drop	Dropping of equipment or supplies, with or without a parachute, from an aircraft in flight.
decaying knot	A knot is disintegration of wood due to the action of wood-destroying fungi.
awg-kp	Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP)
contour map	A map having lines of equal elevation that represent the land surface (Topographic).
high-grading	A liquidation cut in which only the best quality, highest value trees are removed
basal area	The cross-sectional area in (square metre (square feet) of a tree trunk measured at 1.30 metre (4.5 feet) above the ground.
hydrologic class	A measure of a bare soil's runoff characteristics
water quality	The biological, chemical, and physical conditions of a waterbody
diameter	The width of a circle or cylinder.
mixedwoods	Trees belonging to either of the botanical groups Gymnospermae or Angiospermae that are substantially intermingled in stands.
prelogging	Cutting specified high-value wood products such as poles and pilings before cutting the remainder of the trees (24).
export sale	Sale of lumber to be shipped to a foreign country.
point source fire predictions	Predictions that apply to an initiating fire burning during a time when conditions have been relatively constant, or where it can be assumed that the fire will maintain a basically elliptical shape.
biomass	(1) Total woody material in a forest referring to both merchantable material and material left following a conventional logging operation
suspended solids	solids that are not in true solution and that can be removed by filtration
interglacials	The warm periods between ice age glaciations
stand density	The number of merchantable trees per acre
frozen ground	Soil or rock in which part or all of the pore water is frozen (Van Everdingen, 1998)
header	A beam fitted between trimmers and across the ends of tailpieces in a building frame; a horizontal support at the top of an opening.
migration	The movement of individuals or groups from one place to another
adaptation fund	The Adaptation Fund was established to finance adaptation projects and programmes in developing country Parties to the Kyoto Protocol that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change
regular uneven-aged	NULL
elearning	Conceptually represents the optimum integration of modern educational methods and professional staff development training with state of the art technology
indigenous forest species	Forest species that occur naturally in New Zealand or have arrived in new Zealand without human assistance.
rock blade	NULL
term	description
hydroscopic	The tendency of wood to absorb and expel moisture as humidity levels change.
cord	a unit of wood cut for fuel that is equal to a stack 4 x 4 by 8 feet or 128 cubic feet
epicormic shoot	syn
nymph	Synonym of the pupa or chrysalis stage found in insects with complete metamorphosis
absorb	To suck up or take up
root	Part of the tree that anchors it and absorbs nutrients from the soil.
optimum stocking	NULL
base map	The source or control from which all spatial data are developed and geo-referenced to
large fire	For statistical purposes, a fire burning more than a specified area of land e.g., 300 acres.
water source	Any strategically located supply of water that is readily available for pumps, tanks, trucks, helicopters, or fire camp use.
radiant burn	A thermal trauma that maybe a superficial, partial thickness or full thickness burn.
technological change	Mostly considered as technological improvement, ie more or better goods and services can be provided from a given amount of resources (production factors)
permit	An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an approved Federal, state, or local agency to implement the requirements of an environmental regulation; e.g., a permit to operate a wastewater treatment plant or to operate a facility that may generate harmful emissions.
treaty	A legally binding agreement, often between two parties.
ecotone	a transition area between two distinct, but adjoining, communities.
competency	A broad description that groups core behaviors necessary to perform a specific function.
subgroup	The level in the National Vegetation Classification Standard hierarchy below group which divides each group into either a "natural/semi-natural" or "cultural" (planted/cultivated) subgroup (Grossman et al
dissolved oxygen	The amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water
board foot	The volume of solid wood equivalent to a piece 12 inches long, 12 inches wide and 1 inch thick
land parcel	A legal description of the land
tackle	The combination of blocks and ropes used in cable logging.
carbon	A chemical element highly abundant in nature and easily capable of forming polymers
hydroelectric power water use	the use of water in the generation of electricity at plants where the turbine generators are driven by falling water.
oxygen depletion	A deficit of dissolved oxygen in a water system due to oxidation of organic matter.
accelerant	Material ( usually a flammable liquid) used to initiate or increase the spread of a fire.
purlin	A horizontal member of the roof frame which runs between rafters.
null	trouée de régénération
allegany hardwood forest type	a portion of Maryland's northern hardwood forest in which black cherry, white ash, and red oak are dominant species.
mulch	A protective covering of various substances, especially organic, placed around plants to prevent evaporation of moisture, freezing of roots, and to control weeds.
affidavit	A statement of declaration in writing and affirmed before an official with authority to administer an oath; a statement of declaration alleging fact to support the issuance of a search or arrest warrant.
effluent	Municipal sewage or industrial liquid waste (untreated, partially treated or completely treated) that flows out of a treatment plant, septic system, pipe, etc.
merchantable top diameter	the inside-bark diameter above which a stem is considered nonmerchantable for a particular product
healthy community	a community evidencing growth, interdependence, and cooperation in a variety of areas
learn	See Livestock Emissions Research Network
organic matter	The organic fraction that includes plant and animal residue at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substance synthesized by the soil population
plumb	A term used to describe something that is perfectly perpendicular to the earth relative to gravity
conservation	Human use and stewardship of the environment such that natural resources and biodiversity are self-sustaining.
mt co2	Millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide.
scale	Corresponds the units on a map or aerial photo to actual distance on the ground
pitch seam	Shake or check which is filled with pitch.
convention	A legally binding agreement, often among many parties.
undercutting	Root-pruning of nursery stock in situ, particularly by horizontal cut.
cost-share assistance	An assistance program offered by various state and federal agencies that pays a fixed rate or percentage of the total cost necessary to implement some forestry or agricultural practice.
habitat	the native environment where an animal or plant naturally lives or grows.
sediment	Sediment is small particles of soil or rocks that are transported by water or the wind.
hit and miss	In surfaced lumber, hit and miss is a series of skips by planer knives with surfaced or entirely rough.
bastard sawn	Lumber in which the annual rings make angles of 30 to 60 degrees with the surface of the piece.
isotropic	Exhibiting the same properties in all directions.
grit	Fine sand or gravel that is swallowed by birds and retained in their gizzards to grind up their food.
null	coupe rase
water hammer	A force created by the rapid acceleration or deceleration of water, commonly created by opening or closing a valve too quickly
sawlog	a log large enough to be sawed economically on a sawmill
vector data	Spatial (usually digital) data that consists of using coordinate pairs (x, y) to represent locations on the earth
quota	an annual allocation of sawlog volume, made for a particular management area to a sawmill where each log must meet specific criteria; the allocation has a continuing basis but is subject to annual review or, in the case of a wood supply agreement, at intervals specified in the agreement.
coppice-with-standards method	NULL
reciprocating saw	A portable power saw with a reciprocating blade
blight	Rapid browning or blackening of leaves, which subsequently die, caused by the deterioration of growing tissues.
climate change adaptation	An adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli.
portfolio	A coherent set of a variety of measures and/or technologies that policy makers can use to achieve a postulated policy target
discharge	Flow of surface water in a stream or canal, or the outflow of ground water from a flowing artesian well, ditch, or spring
particulate matter	Any liquid or solid particles
edge	the boundary between two ecological communities, for example, field and woodland. Edges provide wildlife habitat
afforestation grant scheme	The Afforestation Grant Scheme (AGS) is a new policy initiative that was first flagged in Sustainable Land Management and Climate Change: Options for a Plan of Action released in December 2006
leaf litter	mixture of fallen and dead plant material on the forest floor, made up of leaves, bark, stems and branches.
adaptation	The process of adapting to the physical impacts of climate change on the environment, the economy, infrastructure and society at large
threatened species	a species facing possible extinction if measures are not taken to ensure its survival, such as removal of predators, reduced competition for food, retaining and maintaining its habitat
overstocked	NULL
x-acto knife	This is a razor like blade in a handle
hem	Hemlock
sids	Small Island Developing States … used to distinguish between eg Kiribati and Singapore.
dry-bulb thermometer	In a psychrometer, the thermometer not covered with muslin which is used to determine air temperature.
gravity tank	Water storage tank for fire protection and sometimes community water service that supplies water by gravity pressure.
parallel pumping	Procedure by which the flow from two fire pumps is combined into one hose line.
farmer owned	See ownership classes.
null	aménagement forestier intensif
blowdown	Tree or trees felled or broken off by wind, snow, ice or age.
pike	A long pole with a pointed steel head used in raising bents, also called a barn pole.
ecosystem services	Indirect benefits provided by the forest ecosystem that help ensure the integrity of critical structure, functions and processes.
gene expression	The multi-step process in which the coded information in a gene is converted into functional products.
clear cutting	NULL
awg-lca	Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action
biomass	The total weight of all harvestable vegetation from a stand
carpophore	The fruiting body (spore-producing organ) of a mushroom.
aircraft accident	An unplanned event that does substantial damage or causes serious injuries when associated with the operation of applicable aircraft
deep chiseling	A surface treatment that loosens compacted soils
redwood	An exceptionally large Californian conifer, Sequoias semervirens, which yields red wood
pad	Partly Air Dried
risk assessment	The process by which hazards and consequences are identified, characterised as to their probability and magnitude, and their significance assessed.
vertical disintegration	The process whereby vertically integrated firms are dismantled and in which there is a greater reliance on "out-sourcing" and sub-contracting in place of services and activities formerly provided by branches within the firm
girdling	a method of killing trees by cutting through the stem, thus interrupting the flow of water and nutrients
runoff	the proportion of rain falling in a catchment which flows across the surface rather than infiltrating the soil; a major agent of water erosion.
flora	the plant species found in one or more regions
soil texture	The feel or composition of the soil (sand, silt, or clay) as determined by the size of the soil particles.
eyewitness	Person who sees evidence of criminal activity, actual commission of a crime or a criminal fleeing a crime scene.
lb	Lumber
usdi	U.S
leaf	Organ in plants that has various forms (needles, scales, etc.) and that carries on photosynthesis, producing energy for life.
emissions	Waste substances released into the air or water.
protected area	A geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives.
vegetation mapping	The process of identifying, labeling, and placing in real world coordinates vegetation communities.
crew transport	Any vehicle capable of transporting a specified number of personnel in a specified manner.
lumen	The cell cavity in wood anatomy.
anchor log	Concrete, metal or wooden bars buried in the earth to hold a guy rope
less than carload	This term indicates that a railcar is not loaded full, nor does it meet minimum requirements as prescribed by railed tariffs.
hydrofluorocarbons	One of the six greenhouse gases or groups of greenhouse gases to be curbed under the Kyoto Protocol
habitat	the ecosystem in which a plant or animal lives and obtains food and water.
sustainable forestry	Management of forested area in order to provide wood products in perpetuity, soil and watershed integrity, persistence of most native species and maintenance of highly sensitive species or suitable conditions.
null	étendue d'une classe d'âge
uniformity	Similarity in a group of trees (e.g
finish	A term indicating the higher grades of lumber, sound, relatively free of blemishes.
natality	The capacity of a species population to reproduce and grow in numbers. The relative importance of factors leading to population growth vary over time and with population size. Near carrying capacity, natality reaches low levels.
pre-commercial thinning	Cutting in an immature crop or stand to improve crop spacing and to accelerate the diameter increment of favoured trees, and/or improve the average form of the trees that remain
berlin mandate	An agreement reached at at the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP1) in Berlin, in March-April 1995, which led to the elaboration of the Kyoto Protocol.
glabrous	Lacking hairs or down.
conifers	evergreen trees and shrubs of the botancial group gymnosperms; plants which produce naked seeds usually in cones.
greenhouse gas sinks	Any process, activity or mechanism that removes greenhouse gases or their precursors from the atmosphere
tig welder	An arc welding process that sues a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld
two-stage cutting	NULL
larva	Immature stage (between the egg and the pupa) in insects that undergo complete metamorphosis before becoming adults.
lacking hairs or down.	Glabre
rod	See Record of Decision.
formation	All the operations contributing to the creation of a new forest cover up to the stage where it is considered established.
spalling indicators	Craters or chips in the surface of rocks which indicate direction of fire spread.
backing wind	Wind that changes direction in a counter clockwise motion.
integrated harvesting	removal of more than one product from a forest at the same time, for example both large sawlogs and pulpwood
planimetric area	Two-dimensional measurement of an area that does not account for topographic relief and is the standard New Zealand survey assumption used to determine land area.
benefit-cost ratio	Ratio obtained by dividing the anticipated benefits of a project by its anticipated costs
hb	Hollow Bark
doughnut roll	A 50 or 100-foot length of hose or a 50-foot length of hose rolled up for easy handling
biodiversity	The variety of life forms in a given area
fuel arrangement	A general term referring to the spatial distribution and orientation of fuel particles or pieces.
transpiration	Loss of water to the atmosphere from living plants.
gross weight	Total allowable weight of a loaded aircraft for takeoff or landing, adjusted for altitude differences.
environment	The complex surroundings of an item or area of interest, such as air, water, natural resources, and their physical conditions (temperature, humidity).
dynamic simulation	Modeling of the behavior of physical, chemical, and/or biological phenomena and their variation over time.
climate class	In NFDRS, one of four classifications of general climate of an area.
diameter at ground line	Diameter measure of a standing tree at the estimated cutting height.
contract hauler	Independent truck owner or a driver working for the contractor who hauls logs from the woods to the dump (19).
stand	A community of trees possessing sufficient uniformity in composition, age, arrangement, or condition, to be distinguishable from the forest or other growth on adjoining areas.
parcelization	The process of land ownership being broken into increasingly smaller tracts. The term "fragmentation" is frequently incorrectly used to describe this process. Parcelization in Michigan is a serious to the forest industry and long-term ecological sustainability.
live line	Hose line filled with water under pressure and ready to use.
tear-out	The tendency for a blade to splinter the last part of a piece of wood during crosscutting.
elytron	A scleotized fore wing that covers the hind wing like a sheath
null	adventif
high-speed steel	A particular grade of steel that offers improved hardness and wear resistance
national register or registry	A register or registry established by an Annex I Party.
polymerase chain reaction	A laboratory procedure that provides the conditions for rapid replication of a specific DNA segment, resulting in a very high number of copies of that segment
incident weather forecast	A special weather forecast for a specific incident prepared by a meteorologist on site at or near the incident area.
thermal pollution	a reduction in water quality caused by increasing its temperature, often due to disposal of waste heat from industrial or power generation processes
air-dried	Lumber or other wood products that have been either dried by exposure to natural atmospheric conditions outdoors or in an unheated shed or dried to equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere
mycetophagous	Feeding on fungi
lgr	Longer
paperboard	The distinction between paper and paperboard is not sharp, but broadly speaking, the thicker, heavier, and more rigid grades of paper are called paperboard.
dna sequencing	The process of determining the exact order of the bases in a DNA segment.
fire retardant treated wood	As specified in building codes, a wood product that has been treated with chemicals by a pressure process of treated during the manufacturing process for the purpose of reducing its flame spread performance in an ASTM E 84 test conducted for 30 minutes to performance levels specified in the codes.
fauna	the animal life of a region.
null	sous-étage
adaptation assessment	The practice of identifying options to adapt to climate change and evaluating them in terms of criteria such as availability, benefits, costs, effectiveness, efficiency and feasibility.
fossil fuels	Oil, gas, coal and other fuels that were formed under the Earth's surface from the fossilized remains of plants and tiny animals that lived millions of years ago.
carbon footprint	A measure of the impact of the activities of a person, a company or a country on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced
secondary wood	This is the material used in furniture that is not seen or on the sides or back of an object
forest economics	Generally, that branch of forestry concerned with the forest as a productive asset subject to economic principles (26).
mallet	A tool like hammer with a wooden, rawhide or rubber head.
root sucker	See sucker
dissolved oxygen	The concentration of oxygen dissolved in water, expressed in milligrams per liter or as percent.
bacillus thuringiensis	A biological insecticide developed in Canada
rheology	Science of deformation and flow of fire retardants and other liquids, especially of the cohesiveness bodies and stress-strain relationship of their particles.
production nursery	NULL
in situ	In place; in situ measurements consist of measurements of components of processes in a full-scale system or a field, rather than in a laboratory.
glass wedge prism	A piece of glass that has been specially cut to deflect light and displace the image of a tree when looked at through the prism
epidermis	The outermost layer of cells on the primary plant body; often with strongly thickened and cuticularized outer walls; sometimes consisting of more than one layer of cells.
tip	The point of the saw blade tooth that digs in and cuts the work piece.
surface runoff	Precipitation, snowmelt, or irrigation water in excess of what can infiltrate the soil surface and be stored in small surface depressions; a major transporter of nonpoint source pollutants.
plot radius	The distance between the plot center and the outer edge (plot boundary).
leader's intent	A concise statement that outlines what individuals must know in order to be successful for a given assignment
countryfood harvest	the gathering and removal of crops or produce specific to an area
ascomatum	Sexual stage of ascomycetes fungi, either an apothecium, a perithecium or a cleistothecium, which contains the asci and ascospores.
straight stream nozzle	A hose tip spout designed to provide the maximum reach of water without feathering.
lcl	Less than Carload
narodism	A set of revolutionary tactics once used by the Russian Narodniks, and shortly later the People's Will party, which fought for the class position of Russia's peasantry.
diverter valve	Hydraulic valve that permits a change in the direction of flow of a fluid (23).
assembly time	The time elapsed between spreading adhesive on surfaces to be joined and application of pressure to the joint
round wood products	Logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees for industrial or consumer use.
precipitation intensity	The rate at which water is delivered to the earth's surface.
application declined	The status of a climate change scheme application received by MPI ETS (Forestry), that reflects the unsuccessful outcome of an application assessment.
nail set	A short shaft of metal with a narrow blunt point used to set nails below the surface of wood by placing the blunt end on the nail head and striking the other end with a hammer.
sustainable forestry	A holistic, conservation ethic based on environmental balance and health that helps ensure forests will be managed in ways that have the potential to meet the social, physical and economic needs of the present while ensuring similar options for the future.
null	complètement reboisé
plib	Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau
monophagous	Organism that feeds on a single host, whether plant or animal.
splating	An attractive dark brown or black stain in some woods caused by decay
mass balance	An equation that accounts for the flux of mass going into a defined area and the flux of mass leaving the defined area
doubling time	The time it takes a population to double in size from any given numerical point
fire injury	Injury suffered as the result of a fire that requires (or should require) treatment by a practitioner of medicine within one year of the fire, regardless of whether treatment was actually received.
null	aménagement forestier extensif
marking hammer	syn
head pressure	Pressure due to elevation of water
tackle	Combination of blocks and ropes used in cable logging (24).
fuelbreak system	A series of modified strips or blocks tied together to form continuous strategically located fuel breaks around land units.
r/w	Random Widths
desiccant	Chemical that, when applied to a living plant, causes or accelerates drying of its aerial parts; used to facilitate burning of living vegetation by substantially lowering fuel moisture content within a few hours.
expansion and contraction	Boards expand when they heat up and contract when they cool down
story stick	A "story stick" or "story pole" is a scrap strip of wood used to record dimensions for a project on site, then the dimensions are used in the ship to build the project
riparian	Pertaining to, situated, or dwelling on the margin of a river or other body of water.
see genetic marker.	Marqueur moléculaire
pine	any member of the genus Pinus, evergreen coniferous trees
sbsta	See Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice
tack	The property of an adhesive that enables it to form a bond of measurable strength immediately after adhesive and adherent are brought into contact under low pressure.
turbocharger	An air pump designed to put more air into engine cylinders; pump is driven by the exhaust heat.
diameter inside bark	Diameter measurement of a standing tree or log in which the estimated or actual thickness of the bark is discounted.
haywire operation	Contemptuous term for logging operation that has poor equipment (24).
double jacket hose	Fire hose having two cotton or other fiber jackets outside the rubber lining or tubing.
ascospore	Fungus spore produced within an ascus.
weeding	A release treatment in stands during the seedling stage that eliminates or suppresses undesirable vegetation regardless of crown position.
ozone	Ozone, the tri-atomic form of oxygen, is a gaseous atmospheric constituent
validation	The assessment of a project's PDD (see project development document) which describes its design including its baseline and monitoring plan, before the implementation of the project against the requirements of the clean development mechanism (CDM).
policies	In United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) parlance, policies are taken and/or mandated by a government – often in conjunction with business and industry within its own country, or with other countries – to accelerate mitigation and adaptation measures
tri-square	Is a woodworking or metal working tool used for marking and measuring a piece of wood
null	survivant
standards and guidelines	The rules and limits governing actions, as well as the principles specifying the environmental conditions or levels to be achieved and maintained
tooth face	The front side of a saw blade tooth facing toward the direction of the cut.
wastewater treatment	Chemical, biological and mechanical procedures applied to an industrial or municipal discharge or to any other sources of contaminated water to remove, reduce or neutralize contaminants.
channel morphology	The change in a stream channel's width or the shape of the stream banks
fuel moisture content	The quantity of moisture in fuel expressed as a percentage of the weight when thoroughly dried at 212 degrees F.
nursery bed	One of the specially prepared plots in a nursery where seed is sown or into which transplants or cuttings are put.
interagency resources representative	An individual who may be assigned to or requested by an incident to serve as the sending unit's representative to oversee the care and treatment of crews, overhead, and equipment assigned to an incident.
sleeve planting	NULL
aquatic community	Any living thing (flora or fauna) living within or completely dependant on water for all or part of its life cycle..
molecular marker	See genetic marker.
common trails	a widely used, unrestricted right of way
bloom	Crystals formed on the surface of treated wood by exudation and evaporation of the solvent in preservative solutions.
fire-day	In FireFamily Plus, a day with both a weather observation and at least one fire.
quarter-sheet sander	A vibrating sander that uses ¼ size piece of sand paper
warm front	The leading edge of a relatively warm air mass which moves in such a way that warm air replaces colder air that moves away from a region
skidder	A self-propelled logging machine with an articulated frame, used for hauling operations.
selection differential	The average phenotypic value of the selected individuals, expressed as a deviation from the population mean.
impulse	A term used in weather primarily to describe a weak disturbance that does not necessarily have an associated storm center or surface low
ground photograph	An image recorded with the photographer standing on the ground (as opposed to an aerial photograph).
double-action shear	Mechanized cutting tool for felling trees; works like a pair of scissors
map attribute	Collectively the map class (or map unit) code, the physiognomic modifier codes, and special modifiers if they are used: map unit code is that portion of the map attribute code defining the map unit (e.g
vector	An organism, such as an insect, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another.
bumper seed crop	NULL
suspended-sediment concentration	the ratio of the mass of dry sediment in a water-sediment mixture to the mass of the water-sediment mixture
positional accuracy	The nearness of a point in a spatial database to its actual location on the earth's surface
acre	A standard unit of area measure
strategy	The general plan or direction selected to accomplish incident objectives.
first nation	A term, which came in to usage in the 1970's to replace the word "Indian" which many people, found offensive
spanner	Metal wrench used to tighten and free hose connections.
permafrost	A short term for "permanently frozen ground"; any part of the earth's crust, bedrock, or soil mantle that remains below 32° F (0° C) continuously for a number of years.
oppressed	see suppressed
ecosystem	The components of a particular habitat, such as a pond or forest, together with the physical environment in which they live.
organ	Group of tissues organized to perform a distinct function.
bm	Board Measure
tropopause	The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
aboriginal rights	Rights that some Aboriginal peoples of Canada hold as a result of their ancestors' long-standing use and occupancy of the land
capital and repair expenditures	Capital expenditures include the cost of procuring, constructing and installing new durable plants, machinery or equipment, whether for replacement of worn or obsolete assets, as additions to existing assets or for lease or rent to others
riparian forest	At a large scale, it is the band of forest that has a significant influence on a stream ecosystem or is significantly affected by the stream
advancing fire	That portion of the fire with rapid fire spread with higher intensity which is normally burning with the wind and/or up slope
necrosis	Alteration of tissues caused by the death of cells.
rig	To install the blocks and lines used in a cable logging system.
intermediate	NULL
thalweg	Deepest part of a stream channel.
pedology	Scientific discipline that is concerned with all aspects of soils.
ericaceae	A family of plants and shrubs that includes blueberries and Labrador tea.
birds-eye figure	A figure composed of many small "BB" size rounded areas, resembling a bird's eye
shipping dry	Having a moisture content (ovendry basis) of 14 to 20 percent
disturbance	Events that can affect watersheds or stream channels, such as floods, fires, or landslides
de-inking	A process that removes the inks, coatings and other contaminants from waste papers so that the fibres can be recycled into new products.
grandparenting	The allocation of emission units or other forms of financial assistance to emitters on the basis of their historical emissions.
flash point	Lowest temperature at which the vapor of a combustible liquid can be made to ignite in air.
knuckleboom	Hydraulically operated loading boom whose mechanical action imitates the human arm.
barking iron	Tool with a narrow-shaped, curved blade used in removing bark by hand
vulnerable species	A species that is considered at risk because it exists in low numbers or in restricted ranges, due to loss of habitat or other factors.
sliding miter saw	A compound miter saw with horizontal sliding arms for the cutter head, allowing much wider cuts.
fusion	Fusing, melting; a close union of things melded together.
null	règlement d'éclaircies
engineered wood products	A composite wood product made from glued fibre, lumber and/or veneer to meet specific design criteria.
cluster	Group of flowers or fruits borne on a common axis.
null	système d'information géographique (SIG)
methane	Methane is one of the six greenhouse gases included under the Kyoto Protocol and is the major component of natural gas and associated with all hydrocarbon fuels, waste management, animal husbandry and agriculture
wilderness	an area of land that has been least modified by modern technological society; the most intact and undisturbed expanses of our remaining natural landscapes
chewing	Refers to the modified mouth parts of some insects that comprise a pair of mandibles enabling them to chew and tear up food.
carbon credit accounts	The status of carbon credits is determined by the type of account in which they are held in the registry
channel	A channel is an area that contains flowing water confined by banks.
certification	An evaluation provided by a third party organization that confirms forests are managed sustainably, based on the implementation of a written plan that meets established standards.
delamination	The separation of layers in laminated wood or plywood caused by failure of the adhesive itself or of the interface between adhesive and adhered.
seed year	A year in which a given species produces a large seed crop over a sizable area.
check scaler	One who rescales logs in order to detect errors in the initial scaling (8).
squeeze out	Bead of adhesive squeezed out of a joint when pressure is applied.
long-term fire danger	The results of those factors in fire danger affecting long-term planning; involves consideration of past records and conditions and probable future trends.
joint	Part or the arrangement of the part, where two or more timbers are joined together.
ogee	A decorative molding profile with an "S" shape.
air cargo	All items for transport and delivery by aircraft.
designated dispatch point	The address where the unit must be physically located, and dispatched from, during the mandatory availability period.
loblolly-shortleaf forest type	an association of tree species common to the southeastern United States that includes loblolly and shortleaf pines and oaks.
multicultural	A society or made up of many cultural groups
spatial segmentation	A numerical discretization of the spatial component of a system into one or more dimensions; forms the basis for application of numerical simulation models.
stream classes	California state classification for regulatory purposes.
cut	One season's output of logs (8).
diameter at breast height	Diameter at breast height (DBH) is the diameter of the stem, measured in inches at a point 4.5 feet (4-feet, six-inches) above ground level.
discrete frequency	A separate radio frequency most commonly used in air traffic control which reduces frequency congestion by controlling the number of aircraft or other resources operating on a particular frequency.
thermochemical conversion	Thermal and chemical processes by which carbon-rich substances are converted to intermediate chemicals for the production of energy, fuels, chemicals and materials.
face veneer	High quality veneer that is used for exposed surfaces on plywood.
eutrophic lake	A nutrient-rich lake that isusually shallow, green in color and with limited oxygen in the bottom layer of water.
windthrow	Trees uprooted by excessive wind.
silt	Silt is very tiny particles of soil or rocks that are 3 to 60 micrometers in diameter.
calks	Short, hobnail-like spikes in the soles and heels of boots, designed to give secure footing while walking on logs
nominal size	The rough-sawn size of a piece of lumber
oak-gum-cypress forest type	an association of tree species common to the bottom lands of the Southeastern United States.
night	The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the American Air Almanac, converted to local time.
water quality standards	Provisions in State or Tribal law or regulations that define the water quality goals of a water body, or segment thereof, by designating the use or uses to be made of the water; setting criteria necessary to protect the uses; and protecting existing water quality through anti-degradation policies and implementation procedures.
flake	A small flat wood particle of predetermined dimensions, uniform thickness, with fiber direction essentially in the plane of the flake; in overall character resembling a small piece of veneer.
pp	Ponderosa Pine.
gear pump	Positive displacement pump which uses closely meshed gears to propel water when high pressures and low volumes are desired; can be used safely only with clear water-- suspended particles of soil or rocks can quickly wear the gears and reduce pressure and volume of water.
backburning	a bushfire management technique which involves lighting a controlled bushfire to burn back towards the front of the bushfire
old-growth forest	a wooded area, usually greater than 200 years of age, that has not been substantially altered or harvested by humans
biodiversity	the genetic variety of all life forms and their ecosystems; comprises genetic diversity (within species), species diversity and ecosystem diversity
heel boom	Loading boom that uses tongs to heel or force one end of a log against the underside of the boom.
mean sea level	Average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period
form	General shape of a tree.
incident communications manager	This ICS position is responsible for providing incident dispatch services and for receiving and transmitting radio and telephone messages to and among incident assigned personnel and reports to the Communications Unit Leader.
null	labourage en bandes de niveau
stocking	The number of stems or trees per hectare.
pacific coast states	Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, and Hawaii.
kerf	a slit or notch made by a saw or cutting torch; the width of a cut made by a saw or cutting torch.
fauna	the animal community found in one or more regions
landscape	a spatial mosaic of several ecosystems, landforms and plant communities intermediate between an organism's normal homerange, size and its regional distribution
dispersion	The spreading of chemical or biological constituents, including pollutants, in various directions from a point source, at varying velocities depending on the differential in-stream flow characteristics.
uneven-aged	Said of a forest or stand in which there is a range of difference in age among the trees.
turn	Logs yarded in any one trip (22)
dominant life form	An organism, group of organisms, or taxon that by its size, abundance, or coverage exerts considerable influence upon an association's biotic (such as structure and function) and abiotic (such as shade and relative humidity) conditions (FGDC, 1997).
psychrometer	General name for instruments designed to determine the moisture content of air
business frame	A database of all known individual private and public sector businesses and organisations engaged in the production of goods and services in New Zealand that meet economic significance criteria
total fertility rate	The number of children that an average women in a given society has over the course of her childbearing years.
shearing	1
texture	The size of the cells in wood, described as ranging from coarse to fine; often confused with grain.
gross domestic product	The annual total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a year (but not including income from overseas)
carbon intensity	The amount of emission of carbon dioxide per unit of product (eg tonnes of CO2 per tonnes of steel production)
symbiotic association	The living together in intimate association of two dissimilar organisms, so that the cohabitation is mutually beneficial.
priming	Filling pump with water when pump is taking water not under a pressure head
multi-storied	NULL
gallons per minute	The measure of water flow in firefighting
gross domestic product	Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the monetary value of all goods and services produced within a nation.
picket	A sharpened or pointed pale, post, or stake usually used as fencing.
fungicide	Chemical compound or bioloigical organisms that can be applied to plants to prevent from diseases and fungi attack.
xylophagous	That feeds on wood.
jig saw	A power tool that cuts by moving a blade up and down as it is guided through the cut.
angiosperms	flowering plants; plants which produce seeds enclosed in an ovary
atmospheric pressure	The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere, per unit area.
uniform shelterwood system	NULL
turbidity	the amount of solid particles that are suspended in water and that cause light rays shining through the water to scatter
ceiling	Height above the earth's surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that is not classified as a thin layer or partial obscuration, that together with all lower clouds or obscuring phenomena covers more than half the sky as detected from the point of observation.
viruses	Primitive microorganisms that must infect the living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria in order to replicate
threatened species	a species or subspecies whose population is so small or is declining so rapidly that it may become endangered in all or a significant portion of its range.
divergence	The expansion or spreading out of a horizontal wind field
age-class distribution	NULL
light sap stain	A slight difference in color which will not materially impair the appearance of a piece if given a natural finish.
stocking control	NULL
discovery	Determination that a fire exists
anthophagous	Feeding on flowers.
null	taillis sous réserve
taiga	Subarea of the extensive boreal zone characterized by open coniferous forest with lichens.
calcareous	Pertaining to or containing calcium carbonate.
plate joint	A butt joint that is reinforced with a football shaped "biscuit"
special use permit	A permit issued to an individual or group by the USDA Forest Service for use of National Forest land for a special purpose. Examples might by a Boy Scout Jamboree or a mountain bike race
ecology	the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
inhibitor	Any agent which retards a chemical reaction.
surface run-off	Precipitation, snowmelt, or irrigation water in excess of what can infiltrate the soil surface and be stored in small surface depressions; a major transporter of nonpoint source pollutants.
deflection	The amount of sag in a counter, floor, joist, or shelf caused by the weight its supporting
post cap	A small piece of wood attached to the top of the post to cover the posts wood grain and protect the post from the weather.
pollinivorous	Feeding on pollen.
critical condition	The critical condition can be thought of as the "worst case" scenario of environmental conditions in the waterbody in which the loading expressed in the TMDL for the pollutant of concern will continue to meet water quality standards
standard	A tooth form that has evenly spaced teeth, deep gullets, and a zero-degree rake angle.
disturbance	A weather system usually associated with clouds, rain and/or wind.
expert review teams	Groups of experts, nominated by Parties, who review national reports submitted by Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC, and the Kyoto Protocol.
nonindustrial private forestland	forestland owned by a private individual, group, or corporation not involved in wood processing
feet surface measure	A term used to indicate a specific unit of measure
carbon credits	A tradeable unit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions
impact assessment	The practice of identifying and evaluating, in monetary and/or non-monetary terms, the effects of climate change on natural and human systems.
radial	A magnetic bearing extending from a ground-based navigational system, providing airborne navigation information.
silviculture	Manipulation of the forest ecosystem to achieve specific goals and objectives.
robertson head	A screw head requiring a driver with a square tip
seasoning	The process of removing the moisture from green wood to improve its workability and stability.
species	the lowest taxonomic classification in use; a group of organisms with some identifiable common characteristics, they are capable of reproducing and producing fertile offspring
null	application en plein
muntin	A strip of metal or wood separating and holding panes of glass in a window or door.
instrument landing system	System for airplane landing in which the pilot is guided by radio beams.
outside diameter	External diameter of a cylinder or tube, conductor, or coupling as distinguished from the internal diameter.
heavy ignition source	Objects that will tend to settle or burrow under the surface of the materials first ignited as a result of either weight or temperature
sustainable land use	the use of land in a way that does not reduce its future productive capacity
kiln	A chamber having controlled air flow, temperature and relative humidity, which is used for drying lumber, veneer and other wood products.
strip shelterwood system	NULL
acid rain	Rainwater that has an acidity content greater than the postulated natural pH of about 5.6
delimber slasher	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
early period	NULL
sae	Society of Automotive Engineers
absolute humidity	Total amount of water vapor in the air.
viscosity	A measurement of the thickness of a liquid.
glacier	a huge mass of ice, formed on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, that moves very slowly downslope or outward due to its own weight.
diffusion	The movement of an innovation (or other phenomenon) across space.
top dressing	NULL
georeferenced photo-image	A georeferenced photo-image (GPI) is a virtual photo-image that has been linked to a longitudinal and latitudinal coordinate system
model	Theoretical abstraction, usually capable of mathematical manipulation, used to evaluate a problem or a subject of interest.
resilience	The property where a strained body gives up its stored energy on the removal of the deforming force.
biomass	The organic matter (cellulose and lignin) produced by plants
improvement cutting	A silvicultural treatment in which poor quality and low value trees are removed to give the best trees more room to grow.
incident meteorologist	A specially trained meteorologist who provides site specific weather forecasts and information at an incident
move-up	System of redistributing remaining personnel and equipment following dispatch of other forces among a network of fire stations to provide the best possible response within the fire department's direct protection area in the event of additional calls for emergency assistance.
environment court	A specialist court in New Zealand, where people can go to appeal decisions made by councils on a policy statement or a plan, or resource consent application, or to apply for an enforcement order.
machine weeding	NULL
root puddling	The act or treatment of immersing, sometimes several times in close succession, the root systems of bare-root planting stock in a clay slurry with the aim of improving outplant performance.
careful logging around regeneration	NULL
single tree selection	A method of regenerating uneven-aged stands in which individual trees are removed more or less uniformly throughout the stand.
lead	Block or series of blocks or rollers attached to a stationary object to guide the cable that drags logs (32)
viscous water	Water that contains a thickening agent to reduce surface runoff; tends to cling to burning fuels and spread in layers that are several times thicker than plain water, thereby having an increased capacity to absorb heat, cool fuel, and exclude oxygen
sky cover	Amount of clouds and/or other obscuring phenomena that are detectable from the point of observation.
lath	A thin, narrow wooden strip, used as a backing for wall plaster or other materials.
hamuli	Series of small hooks found in some insects that anchor the hind wings to the fore wings during flight.
british thermal unit	Measure of the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit
juvenile wood	Inner core of xylem surrounding the pith
national fire codes	The collected technical fire protection standards prepared by various committees of the National Fire Protection Association and published annually in 15 volumes.
pesticide	A chemical or other agent designed to kill certain living things. An herbicide kills plants. An insecticide kills insects. A fungicide kills fungi. Many pesticides are specific in what they kill. For example, Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) is an insecticide that kills caterpillars.
null	déchets de coupe
group cutting	NULL
cost sharing agreements	Agreements that document the financial responsibility for incident resource costs, possibly identifying requirements of other party payments.
fao	Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.
v joint	Tongue and groove boards with their top corners beveled so when the two boards come together a "V" is formed.
domestic waste	The waste or garbage produced by the members of a family and which would be thrown out.
seral stages	the stages of ecological succession of a plant community, e.g., from young stage to old stage
floricolous	Pertaining to an organism that is associated with flowers
variable ceiling	A ceiling of less than 3,000 feet (900 m) which rapidly increases or decreases in height by one or more reportable values during the period of observation.
char	Carbonaceous material formed by incomplete combustion of an organic material, most commonly wood; remains of burned materials.
endangered species	any species or subspecies in immediate danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
universal transfer mercator	A map coordinate system (not a map projection) that is defined by the Transverse Mercator projection which has a set of zones defined by a central meridian as shown in the figure below for the United States (Portions from ESRI, 1994)
gum canal	An intercellular cavity, found in woods that may contain gum, latex, and resins.
frilling	the method of killing trees by inflicting a series of cuts around the bole and applying an herbicide to the wounds
surface wind	Wind measured at a surface observing station, customarily at some distance (usually 20 feet) above the average vegetative surface to minimize the distorting effects of local obstacles and terrain.
transit time	In nutrient cycles, the average time that a substance remains in a particular form; ratio of biomass to productivity.
mcleod	A combination hoe or cutting tool and rake, with or without removable blades.
variable costs	Operation costs that result from running a machine, calculated on an hourly basis; includes cost of labor and items such as fuel, oil, wire rope, and replacement parts
browse	Buds, shoots, and leaves of woody plants that can be eaten by livestock or wild animals
beams and stringers	Large pieces (nominal dimensions, 5" and thicker, width more than 2" greater than thickness) of rectangular cross section graded with respect to their strength in bending when loaded on the narrow face.
knee brace	A short diagonal timber placed between the horizontal and vertical members of the frame to make them rigid.
acreage measuring grid	A grid or series of evenly spaced dots that are often printed on clear plastic and used to measure area on a map.
twist	Warping in lumber where the ends twist in opposite directions.
table saw	A circular saw mounted under a table with height and angle adjustments for the blade.
unit sale	a timber sale in which the buyer makes regular (weekly, monthly) payments based on mill receipts
strip-and-group system	NULL
sawlog or sawtimber	A log or tree that is large enough (usually 10 to 12 inches in diameter) to be sawed into lumber
partial cutting	Removal of only part of a stand for purposes other than regenerating a new age class.
recruitment	the action of enrolling or enlisting people and resources (Common Usage) return to top
helibase	The main location within the general incident area for parking, fueling, maintenance, and loading of helicopters
basket planting	Setting out young trees, etc., in loosely-woven baskets in which they have been raised from seed or to which they have been transferred from the seed bed.
free-from-noncrop-competition	NULL
frost heaving	NULL
dolomite	A magnesium rich, carbonate, sedimentary rock consisting mainly (more than 50% by weight) of the mineral dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2).
planimeter	Instrument used to mechanically measure an area by tracing the perimeter on a plane surface (20)
board foot	a unit for measuring wood volume in a tree, log, or board. A board foot is commonly 1 foot by 1 foot by 1 inch, but any shape containing 144 cubic inches of wood equals one board foot.
contingency table	A table that compares mapped data with ground data to determine accuracy
girdling	a method of killing trees by cutting through the stem, thus interrupting the flow of water and nutrients.
aggradation	The raising of the bed of a watercourse by the deposition of sediment.
designated operational entity	Is either a domestic legal entity or an international organisation accredited or designated by a Party to the Kyoto Protocol to review and give approval to individual projects proposed under the Clean Development Mechanism
rub bearing	A ball bearing rub collar near the top or bottom of a spindle shaper that is used to keep the work piece a fixed distance away from the cutters.
seed-feeding	Feeding on seeds.
wood-thermoplastic composite	Manufactured composite materials consisting primarily of wood elements and thermoplastic
variable plot	Sample plots that do not have a specifically defined plot radius or plot boundary
ratchet	A generic term used to describe certain tool movements, such as the cone-to-slip engagement on permanent packers or plugs.
tilt blade	Blade that can be tilted in respect to a vertical position (22)
face side	The wide surface of a piece of lumber; the wide surface showing the better quality or appearance from which a piece is graded.
multiple points of origin	Two or more separate points of fire origins at a fire scene; strong indication of arson.
silviculture	The science and art of cultivation (such as with growing and tending) forest crops, based on the knowledge of silvics
wind bend	Condition of trees having a curved stem as a consequence of wind action or compression due to heavy load on the crown of the tree
blemish	A defect or anything that marks the appearance of wood.
natural heritage programs	Natural Heritage Programs gather, manage, and distribute information about the biological diversity found within their jurisdiction
highway truck	Truck designed to haul a load that does not exceed legal highway limits (20).
draft horse	A large, strong, heavily built horse used for hauling heavy loads, pulling a plough, etc.
logger’s tape	A retractable tape that typically comes in 50-, 75-, and 100-foot lengths, has distance measurements (usually in feet and 1/10th’s of feet) on one side, and is a diameter tape on the other.
industrial wood	All round wood products excluding fuel wood.
d/s	Drop Siding
return on capital employed	a key financial statistic reflecting the rate of return that the company's management has obtained, on the shareholders' behalf, by their management of the company's assets
probability	A number representing the chance that a given event will occur
cross-ditch	Shallow channel laid diagonally across the surface of a road so as to lead water off the road and prevent soil erosion
null	opprimé
ecology	The science or study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
local agency	Any agency having jurisdictional responsibility for all or part of an incident.
model	A simplified or generalized representation of reality; a description, analogy, picture, or hypothesis to help visualize something that cannot be directly observed.
selection	Choosing individuals with desired qualities to serve as parents for the next generation.
open coat	A piece of sandpaper with abrasive particles that are spread out to prevent clogging.
vapor retarder	A material with a high resistance to vapor movement, such as foil, plastic film, or specially coated paper, that is used in combination with insulation to control condensation.
look up table	A computer file that relates the elements of one classification to another in a crosswalk
lateral fire	Rate or spread and intensity of a fire usually falling somewhere in between advancing and backing with spread lateral to the main direction of fire travel
planting out	NULL
evergreen trees	trees that retain foliage year round.
incident communications technician	This ICS position is responsible for the programming, tracking, installation, and maintenance of radio and telephone electronic communication equipment and system design for an incident, and reports to the Communications Unit Leader.
sewer	a system of underground pipes that collect and deliver wastewater to treatment facilities or streams.
microbe	See microorganism.
interdecadal pacific oscillation	A long timescale oscillation in the Pacific Ocean–atmosphere system that shifts climate every one to three decades
null	traitement des souches
hui	The Māori word for a meeting, social gathering or assembly.
understocking	NULL
conservation for sustainable development	wise and planned use of the Earth's resources within the capacity of the Earth's essential ecosystems to support the needs of present and future generations; sustainable development takes account of social and ecological, as well as economic factors and the long and short term advantages and disadvantages of alternative actions.
key	A dry, one-seeded, winged fruit that can be carried on the wind
mutagens	Agents that cause a change in the DNA sequence of a cell
null	pistolet vaporisateur
wind lean	Condition of trees having a leaning stem, result of partial uprooting or wind action
mature forest	A stand condition where a high percentage of trees have reached or recently past the peak growth of their lifespan. Economic maturity is where a tree has reached the peak monetary value. Biological and monetary maturity may not necessarily occur at the same time, economic maturity usually comes first.
biomass	The total mass of living organisms of one or more species per unit of area, or all the species in a community
cash flow	Difference between cash receipts and cash expenditures over a given time (22).
accounting	The rules for comparing emissions and removals as reported with commitments.
fb	Extreme fiber stress in bending
public aircraft	Aircraft used only in the service of a government or a political subdivision
spread	The quantity of adhesive per unit joint area applied to an adherent.
considered	mentally contemplate
urbanisation	The conversion of land from a natural state or managed natural state (such as agriculture) to cities; a process driven by net rural-to-urban migration through which an increasing percentage of the population in any nation or region come to live in settlements that are defined as urban centres.
auger	Various hand tools, typically that have a threaded shank and cross handle, used for boring holes in ice or wood.
janka test	A hardness test, usually for wood flooring, the rating is pounds of pressure required to press a steel ball .444 inches in diameter one half way into the wood.
adaptive management	A dynamic approach to forest management in which the effects of treatments and decisions are continually monitored and used, along with research results, to modify management on a continuing basis to ensure that objectives are being met.
guiding rate of return	The rate attached to the use of capital that guides a firm in its choice of investments
aesthetics	the forest value, rooted in beauty and visual appreciation, affording inspiration, contributing to the arts, and providing a special quality of life
transmissibility	the capacity of a rock to transmit water under pressure
rotation	the number of years required to grow a stand to a desired size or maturity.
girder	A large or principal beam used to support concentrated loads at isolated points along its length.
nipf	Non-industrial private forest.NMFS- National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mop-up	The act of extinguishing a fire after it has been brought under control.
american lumber standard	The American Softwood Lumber Standards establishes standard sizes and requirements for the development and coordination of lumber grades of various species, the assignment of design values when called for, and the preparation of grading rules applicable to each species.
decking	Boards used for the surface of a deck; lumber expressed in nominal terms as being 2" to 4" thick and 4" and wider
fusiform	Spindle-shaped.
df-l	Douglas Fir-Larch
transplanting machine	An implement used to line out transplants in a nursery.
carbon accounting area	CAA means an area of post-1989 forest land that is defined by a person who is registered or has applied to register as a participant in relation to forestry removal activities or meets any relevant criteria specified in regulations made under the Act.
pm10	Particulate matter of mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) less than or equal to 10 micrometers.
burning period	That part of each 24-hour period when fires spread most rapidly; typically from 10:00 AM to sundown.
spotting	Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and which start new fires beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire.
dowel	A wood pin used to align and hold two adjoining pieces.
bundle bucking	Cutting bundles or truck loads of tree-length wood or long wood into short lengths (8).
woody debris	Dead and decomposing wood of various sizes.
eucalyptus	a botanical genus of plants, made up of about 700 species; the most important genus of Australian forest trees; abbreviation E
veneer	A thin sheet of wood cut from a log; wood peeled, sawn or sliced into sheets of a given constant thickness and combined with glue to produce plywood or laminated-veneer lumber
resilience	The capacity of a community or ecosystem to maintain or regain normal function and development following disturbance.
debris flow	A type of landslide that is a mixture of soil, water, logs, and boulders that travel quickly down a steep channel.
solvent	a substance that dissolves other substances, thus forming a solution
primary wood	This is the wood that is on the main or primary surfaces of a piece of furniture
brush out	To clear an area of brush for a trail, survey line, or road.
stoichiometric ratio	Mass-balance-based ratio for nutrients, organic carbon and algae (e.g., nitrogen-to-carbon ratio).
transplanter	NULL
relay tank	A tank, usually collapsible, used as a reservoir in the relay of water from one fire pump to another.
surface area	The area of the surface of a waterbody; best measured by planimetry or the use of a geographic information system.
seeding lath	A device, commonly of wood, for obtaining uniformly spaced drills in a seedbed and aiding the even distribution of hand-sown seed in them
pitch	The number of teeth on a saw blade per inch.
attack time	The starting date, hour, and minute of the first suppression work on a fire.
macroeconomic costs	These costs are usually measured as changes in Gross Domestic Product or changes in the growth of Gross Domestic Product, or as loss of welfare or of consumption.
group selection	logging process where small groups of mature trees are removed at regular intervals (cutting cycles).
climate feedback	An interaction mechanism between processes in the climate system is called a climate feedback when the result of an initial process triggers changes in a second process that in turn influences the initial one
declination	The difference between geographic (true) north and magnetic north
cap	Cone of sheet iron on steel, with a hole in the apex through which a chain passes, fitted over the end of a log to prevent catching on stumps in skidding (8).
varnish	A liquid preparation that dries to a hard lustrous coating.
null	récolte surabondante
agency certification	The process whereby the employing agency or contractor documents that the individual is fully qualified to perform duties and responsibilities for a specified position.
adi	After date of Invoice.
board of review	A board or committee selected to review results of fire suppression action on a given unit or the specific action taken on a given fire
net annual growth	Increase in volume of trees during a specified year
pass-through	The increase in the consumer price of a product resulting from the imposition on the producer or supplier of a price for the product's greenhouse gas emissions.
shelterwood harvest	the harvest of all mature trees in an area in a series of two or more cuts, leaving enough trees of other sizes to provide shade and protection for forest seedlings.
san diego basin plan	A regulatory Plan developed by the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board that indentifies the designated beneficial uses, water constituents, and regulatory framework active within the hydrographic basins in the San Diego Region.
gap dynamics	The change in space and time in the pattern, frequency, size, and successional processes of forest canopy gaps caused by the fall or death of one or more canopy trees.
ccp agent/ccp consultant	Agents/Consultants may coordinate and submit application information on behalf of participants, pending approval and sign-off from the participant or applicant, provided they have explicit consent from respective participants/applicants
null	déchiqueteuse à tambour
ecosystem	a system that is made up of a community of animals, plants, and bacteria and its interrelated physical and chemical environment (
gullet depth	The distance from the tooth tip to the bottom of the gullet.
extension cord	A flexible, insulated, electric wire fitted with a plug at one end and one or more outlets on the other, allowing one to plug in.
samara	A winged, one-seeded fruit.
insect	Invertebrate animal that has six legs.
basidiospore	Fungus spore produced on a basidium.
wind shift	For aviation purposes, a change in the average wind direction of 45 degrees or more which takes place in less than 15 minutes if the wind speed during this period is 6 knots (3 m/s) or greater.
bottom-up models	Bottom-up models represent reality by aggregating characteristics of specific activities and processes, considering technological, engineering and cost details
synoptic chart	In meteorology, any chart or map on which data and analyses are presented that describe the state of the atmosphere over a large area at a given moment in time.
laminated beam	A beam consisting of two or more layers of wood, glued, nailed or otherwise bonded together, with the grain going in the same direction.
point of obligation	The point in the supply chain of a market where an obligation is placed on a person to surrender emission units to cover the direct or indirect emissions associated with their products
water level	A hose or tube filled with water, used in deck construction to transfer elevations from one post to another
land use plan	A set of decisions that establish management direction for land within an administrative area; an assimilation of land-use-plan-level decisions developed through the planning process regardless of the scale at which the decisions were developed.
structural change	Changes, for example, in the relative share of Gross Domestic Product produced by the industrial, agricultural, or services sectors of an economy; or more generally, systems transformations whereby some components are either replaced or potentially substituted by other ones.
pole timber	Trees from 5 to 7 inches in diameter at breast height.
transition zone	An area where the vegetation composition and structure is intermediate between two associations
biosphere	The portion of the earth comprising the lower atmosphere, the seas, and the land surface (mantle rock) in which living organisms exist.
hydrology	The science of the behavior of water from the atmosphere into the soil.
herbicide	A chemical that kills plants. See "pesticide".
forest stewardship program	A cooperative, technical‑assistance program designed to encourage multiple resource management.
ihv	(Immediate Harvest Value)
univoltine	Having only one generation per season.
rawinsonde	Method of upper-air observation consisting of an evaluation of the wind speed and wind direction, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity aloft by means of a balloon-borne radiosonde tracked by a radar or radio direction-finder.
after deducting freight	A term used to define a condition upon with payment of an invoice may be made.
marlin spike	Iron tool that tapers to a point
marsh	Shallow-water areas that sustain water-loving plants such as cattail, sedge, arrowhead, bulrush, water-lily and pondweeds.
softwood	Coniferous trees, usually 'evergreen' (the exception being tamarack), with needles or scale-like leaves.
needle	Long, narrow reduced leaf found in conifers.
arctic circle	an imaginary circle that is 23 degrees 28 minutes south of the North Pole (and parallel to the equator).
site quality	The productive capacity of a site; usually expressed as volume production of a given species per unit area (cubic metres per hectare) or per unit of time (cubic metres per year).
saprophagous	Refers to organisms that feed on decaying or decayed plant or animal matter.
nutlet	Fruit, small nut.
cephalothorax	Anterior part of the body consisting of the fused head and thoracic segments.
ct	Certificate of Title.
genetic marker	A DNA fragment of known location on the genome that is used to mark specific genes or traits.
holistic approach	Broad brush approach based on a theory according to which a whole cannot be analyzed without considering the sum of its parts or reduced to discrete elements.
shelterwood harvest	Removing trees on the harvest area in a series of two or more cuttings so new seedlings can grow from the seed of older trees.
combination nozzle tip	Two attached straight stream nozzle tips of different orifice size used to increase or restrict water flow.
compound leaf	A leaf with two or more leaflets attached to a single leaf stem.
grulac	Group of Latin American and Caribbean States.
deep ploughing	NULL
pit planting	Setting out young trees in small depressions, natural or excavated, with a view to collecting and conserving moisture.
strip planting	Setting trees, generally in two or more parallel lines, in a long narrow area of land that has been wholly or partially cleared.
bid-rent curve	A graph which plots the relationship between how much rent people are willing to pay for land given its distance from a specified point (usually the center of a city)
ledger	A length of a board that is horizontally attached to the side of a house and holds up one edge of a deck.
order	Taxonomic level between Class and Family
mast tree	Mast = nut
herbicide	Any chemical preparation used to kill or inhibit the growth of forbs, grasses, woody plants, and their seeds.
nominalism	The philosophical theory that the variety of objects to which a single, generic word is given, really have nothing in common but the name itself – for example, "dog".
fas	Mixed domestic hardwood lumber grade is the highest grade of hardwood lumber
consumption	the use of a thing or process
merchantable	Of a tree or stand that has attained sufficient size, quality, and/or volume to make it suitable for harvesting
baluster	One of a series of vertical supports used between posts of a railing
hardwood	timber from broad-leaved, flowering trees (angiosperms), short fibred woods, for example eucalyptus.
crowning potential	A probability that a crown fire may start, calculated from inputs of foliage moisture content and height of the lowest part of the tree crowns above the surface.
discharge	Volume of water flowing in a given stream at a given place and within a given period of time, usually expressed as cubic feet per second.
public	Any individual or group of individuals with an interest in, or affected by, the outcomes of a decision.
top plate	Attached to the posts and the top rail to support the top rail and balusters
catchment	An area that collects and drains precipitation.
gauge	A tool used to determine depth, width, and/or height of an object.
indicator	Visual remains at a fire scene revealing the fire's progress and action.
signature	The unique combination of color, texture, pattern, height, physiognomy, and position in the landscape used by an photo interpreters to identify map classes on an aerial photograph.
siltation	The process by which a river, lake, or other water body becomes clogged with sediment.
average temperature	The mathematical average of the maximum and minimum dry-bulb temperatures measured at a fire weather station from one basic observation time to the next.
class	Taxonomic level between Phyllum and Order
container nursery	NULL
h or m	Hit or Miss
streamside management zone	A strip of land adjacent to a water body or stream channel where soils, organic matter and vegetation are managed to protect the physical, chemical and biological integrity of surface water adjacent to and downstream from forestry operations
functional genomics	Predicting biological function of genes and proteins from their primary sequence.
epicormic branching	branches that grow out of the main stem of a tree from buds produced under the bark
computer freehold register	New term for a Certificate of Title.
turn the corner	Contain a fire along a flank of the fire and begin containing it across the head
defra	Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK)
forest inventory	System for measuring the extent, quantity and condition of a forest, usually by sampling.
sash	A frame structure, normally glazed, that is hung or fixed in a frame set in an opening.
permafrost	A perennially frozen soil horizon.
prepupa	Larval stage before pupation during which the insect stops eating and prepares for the pupal stage by making a cocoon, a shelter or attaching itself to an object with silk threads.
lumber tally	Record of lumber giving the number of boards or pieces by size, grade, and species; often expressed in MBF (17).
see microorganism.	Microbe
group planting	Setting out young trees in groups.
thousand board feet	Unit of measurement equal to 1,000 feet of wood having a thickness of 1 inch (26).
coastal squeeze	The squeeze of coastal ecosystems (eg salt marshes, mangroves and mud and sand flats) between rising sea levels and naturally or artificially fixed shorelines, including hard engineering defences.
weather advisory	In aviation forecasting, an expression of hazardous weather conditions not predicted in the zone weather forecast, as they affect the operation of air traffic.
stand density	Number of merchantable trees per acre (9) -Quantitative measure of tree stocking frequently expressed in terms of number of trees, basal area, or volume per unit area (20).
existing use	Use actually attained in the waterbody on or after November 28, 1975, whether or not it is included in the water quality standards (40 CFR 131.3).
molle	Circle of twisted strands of wire rope used as a temporary line to connect the eye splices of two lines.
pyrotechnic	A mixture of chemicals designed to produce heat, light, gas, smoke or noise.
chain	A linear measure of 66 feet used in land survey. A mile equals 80 chains. An acre has 10 square chains.
frt	Freight
incipient decay	An early stage of decay in which hyphae have invaded the cell structure, sometimes discoloring the wood, but have not perceptibly reduced the hardness of the wood.
nrcs	see Natural Resources Conservation Service
feller delimber slasher buncher	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
fire death	Fire casualty which is fatal or becomes fatal within one year of the fire.
floristics	The kinds and number of plant species in particular areas and their distribution (ESA, 1999).
tack time	The amount of time it takes for an adhesive to set-up before it can form a bond.
swamp	Area saturated with water throughout much of the year, but with the surface of the soil usually not deeply submerged
priority sequence	The order in which items are to be yarded.
redd	Nest made in gravel, consisting of a depression hydraulically dug by a fish for egg deposition (and then filled) and the associated gravel mounds.
coppice with standard	NULL
local winds	Winds which are generated over a comparatively small area by local terrain and weather
evaporate	To produce evaporation, that is, change from a liquid state into a vapor
diameter at breast-height	Diameter measure of a tree at 4.5 feet above the ground level
landing	Any place where logs are assembled for further transport.
application rejected	The status of a climate change scheme application received by MPI ETS (Forestry), that reflects the act of rejecting an application post evaluation for completeness of the application content.
fume	An airborne irritating, noxious, or toxic smoke, vapor, or any combination of these produced by a volatile substance or a chemical reaction.
heavy seed crop	NULL
air mass	An extensive body of air having the same properties of temperature and moisture in a horizontal plane.
cdm executive board	The CDM Executive Board supervises the Clean Development Mechanism, under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP).
adiabatic process	Thermodynamic change of state in which no heat is added or subtracted from a system; compression always results in warming, expansion in cooling.
furnish	Wood material that has been reduced for incorporation into conventional wood-based composites; including flakes, particles, and fiber.
energy wood	Wood that has been delivered to paper and pulp mills, specifically for burning in boilers; wood to be utilized for heat or other energy products
pan	Large, flat, upward-curving metal plate on which log ends or pallets are placed to make skidding easier and prevent digging in and rutting (6).
job hazard analysis	A job hazard analysis identifies hazards associated with work projects and worksites, and identifies protective equipment or modified work procedures needed.
plant community	See community.
diverse	made up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements
baffle	A partitioned wall placed in vehicular or aircraft water tanks to reduce shifting of the water load when starting, stopping or turning.
finished size	The net dimensions after surfacing.
commitment period reserve	The minimum number of emission units that a National Registry must keep for a specified period during a commitment period
breast height	The standard height, 1.3 m above ground level, at which the diameter of a standing tree is measured
sapwood	The new wood in a tree that lies between the bark and the heartwood
bottom-up	The internationally preferred approach for regional GDP compilation is to directly measure the local activity of enterprises, and build up regional accounts from this information
nursery	An area set aside for the raising of young trees mainly for planting out
wet-bulb thermometer	In a psychrometer, the thermometer with its bulb covered with a jacket of clean muslin which is saturated with distilled water before an observation.
site	the combination of biotic, climatic, topographic, and soil conditions of an area.
null	labourage profond
host	Organism harbouring a parasite.
sapling	A young tree less than five inches diameter at breast height (dbh) and less than or equal to 20 feet in height.
volva	Cup-like sheath surrounding the stem base in some fungi, eg, Amanita; it is a remnant of the universal veil.
null	essence d'ombre
root rot	Decomposition of the woody tissue in roots causing the death of the cambium or bark of the roots, thus girdling the trees at the root collar and causing their death.
dry-bulb temperature	Temperature of the air.
indian	See ownership classes.
section	Land survey subdivision
salvage harvesting	The removal—after the main logging—of the rest of the timber, with a view to supplying a different class of product.
carbon sequestration	the process where trees and other plants take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in their leaves, branches, stems and roots
dbh	abbreviation for the diameter of a tree at breast height (1.3 metres above ground level)
spring-tine cultivator	An implement designed to loosen the soil surface by the action of spring-loaded retractible teeth.
mobile weather unit forecast	A special weather forecast for a specific incident prepared by a meteorologist on site at or near the incident area.
see conifer.	Gymnosperme
wood substance	The solid material of which wood is composed
knockdown	To reduce the flame or heat on the more vigorously burning parts of a fire edge.
meristem	A tissue capable of active cell division, thereby adding new cells to the plant body.
working properties	The properties of an adhesive that affect or distance the manner of application to the adherents to be bonded and the assembly of the joint before pressure application.
scrub control	NULL
oecd	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
master fire chronology	Chronological listing of the dates of fires documented in a designated area, the dates being corrected by crossdating
seed	the viable part of a plant from which a new plant can grow.
leaching	Process in which soluble substances in the soil are removed by the movement of water.
planting gun	Special devices of varying complexity which make holes by compression and either set or shoot a containerized seedling into the soil.
lichen	An algae and a fungus growing in symbiotic association on solid surfaces such as rocks or tree bark.
bark residue	Refers to the bark removed from a log and also to portions of wood and foreign matter such as sand, grit, or stones that may be imbedded in the bark (1).
region	An area in which people, places, or processes posses a common characteristic or characteristics that make it distinct from other areas; the things within the boundaries of the region have more in common with each other than they do with things outside the region
procurement unit	Functional unit within the Finance/Administration Section responsible for managing all financial matters pertaining to vendor contracts.
null	partiellement reboisé
fiber	General term for any long, narrow cell of wood
sound	A term referring to a board which has no or very few defects which will effect its strength.
parasites	organisms which obtain their nutrients by feeding off other organisms.
lp	Lodgepole Pine
in vivo	Within a natural environment, such as a living organism, as opposed to in vitro.
bud pruning	Removal of lateral buds from a stem to prevent them from developing into branches.
assimilative capacity	The amount of contaminant load that can be discharged to a specific waterbody without exceeding water quality standards or criteria
riprap	Rough stones of various sizes placed compactly or irregularly on the ground surface to prevent scouring by water or debris.
ventilation index	A measure of the volume rate of horizontal transport of air within the mixing layer, per unit distance, normal to the wind
delimber bucker	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
adapter	A device for connecting hoses of the same size with non-matching hose threads, or connecting a threaded coupling to a quick-connect coupling.
transpiration	The process in which vapor is released through the pores of plant tissue, simultaneously causing water to be absorbed by the roots.
ring-rot	A circular rot in a log
measuring tape	A tape of cloth, paper, plastic, or steel marked off in a linear scale, as of inches or centimeters, for taking measurements.
forest area	see Defined Forest Area
dipping	The immersion of seedling roots in a solution or water prior to planting.
non-piloted bit	A router bit without a guide bearing.
mc	Moisture Content.
ripping	The mechanical penetration and shearing of range soils to depths of 3-7 cm for the purpose of breaking hardpan layers to facilitate penetration of plant roots, water, organic matter, and nutrients.
organic matter	plant and animal residues, or substances made by living organisms
bondline	The layer of adhesive that attaches two adherents.
area ignition	Ignition of several individual fires throughout an area, either simultaneously or in rapid succession, and so spaced that they add to and influence the main body of the fire to produce a hot, fast-spreading fire condition
logistics section	The ICS section responsible for providing facilities, services, and supplies in support of an incident.
milk pain	Paint made with milk solids, chemically akin to casein glue, often the original finish on antique furniture.
host	Any plant on or in which another species resides
european hinge	A hidden style hinge fastened to the door with a cup hole.
forest types	associations of tree species that have similar ecological requirements
nonstocked	NULL
reverse osmosis	(1) (Desalination) The process of removing salts from water using a membrane
bioassay	A technique for determining the effectiveness of a substance by measuring its effects on animals, tissues or organisms and comparing them to the effects of a standard preparation.
tubular	Tube-shaped.
carbon dioxide	A colourless, odourless, non-combustible gas
high grading	A partial harvest removing only the most valuable species, or trees of desirable size and quality, without regard for the condition of the residual stand.
integrated resource management	NULL
seed-tree system	NULL
polyculture	The simultaneous cultivation of a number of crops as opposed to stands composed of a single species.
through dovetail joint	A method of joining wood where the interlocking pins and tails of the dovetail joint go through the side of its mating piece.
site class	Classification based on ecological factors and the potential production capacity of an area; a measure of the relative production capacity of a site.
fertilizer	A product that is used to enrich the soil to increase or improve crop yield or growth.
drill seeder	A mechanical device for sowing seed in furrowed lines (i.e., in drills).
girdling	Destruction of tissue (water conducting system) in a ring around a tree.
undesirable species	Species that conflict with or do not contribute to the management objectives.
sucking	Pertains to an organism that has mouth parts designed for collecting flower nectar.
atrophied	Describes an organ or part of a body that is reduced in size, rudimentary.
pet	Precision End Trimmed
density	The weight of a body or substance per unit volume.
aquifer	a geologic formation(s) that is water bearing
fuel arrangement	A general term referring to the horizontal and vertical distribution of all combustible materials within a particular fuel type.
slope position	A particular location on a slope as upper, middle, or lower slope; ridge top; or bottom land
nmfs	National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
carbon footprint	The total direct greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions produced by a facility to manufacture a range of products or an individual product.
secondary wastewater treatment	treatment (following primary wastewater treatment) involving the biological process of reducing suspended, colloidal, and dissolved organic matter in effluent from primary treatment systems and which generally removes 80 to 95 percent of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and suspended matter
channel gradient	The slope of the stream channel expressed on a percent of rise per unit length
ipo	See Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
internal stresses	Stresses that exist within an adhesive joint even in the absence of applied external forces.
precautionary principle	‘Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation' (Rio declaration, 1992).
independent	One who logs and sells his output on the open market; not associated with a mill or under a company/dealer contract.
association	a collection of plants with ecologically similar requirements, including one or more dominant species from which the group derives a definite character.
pat	Pattern
diameter tape	A special measuring tape that has been calibrated such that when you wrap it around the circumference of the tree, you are actually reading the measurement in diameter units (i.e
cryopreservation	The preservation of living materials at very low temperatures, often within liquid nitrogen, to protect them against damage.
price of carbon	In the New Zealand context, a shorthand term for the price of greenhouse gas emissions in a trading market, typically calculated in dollars per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent.
core parks	Properties that incorporate provincially and regionally significant natural heritage values and/or provide opportunities for high quality nature-based outdoor recreation, education and tourism
deterministic model	A model that does not include built-in variability: same input will always equal the same output.
natural disturbance pattern	the historic patterns (frequency and extent) of fire, insects, wind, landslides and other natural processes in an area
topography	The lay of the land, particularly its slope and drainage patterns; the science of drawing maps and charts or otherwise representing the surface features of a region or site, including its natural and man-made features.
administratively determined	A person hired and compensated under the Pay Plan for Emergency Workers.
karst topography	An area of limestone formations marked by sinkholes, caves, springs, and underground streams.
plant percentage	NULL
background level	In air pollution control, the concentration of air pollutants in a definite area during a fixed period of time prior to the starting up, or the stoppage, of a source of emission under control
mldg	Moulding
frequency of occurrence	A quantitative expression of the presence or absence of individuals of a species in a population; the ratio between the number of sample units that contain a species and the total number of sample units.
site class	a classification of site quality and productivity, usually expressed as dominant tree heights at a standard reference age (50 or 100 years) or annual wood production.
sapwood	That wood found closest to the bark or outside of the bole and usually distinguished from heartwood by being lighter in color.
outfall	The point where water flows from a conduit, stream, or drain.
source	A point, line, or area, at which mass or energy is added to a system, either instantaneously or continuously
sink credits	Are units earned from the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere
miter-and-spline joint	A joint with two mitered surfaces connected by a spline.
unity of command	The concept by which each person within an organization reports to one and only one designated person.
snag	A standing dead tree or part of a dead tree from which at least the leaves and smaller branches have fallen
calcareous	Containing calcium carbonate, calcium, or lime, which typically causes an alkaline condition, (a pH greater than 7).
manure	Commonly the dung of farm animals
wood failure	The rupturing of wood fibers in strength tests of bonded joints usually expressed as the percentage of the total area involved that shows such failure.
catastrophic event	a cataclysmic, disastrous incident, a violent usually destructive natural occurrence
posts and timbers	Large pieces (nominal dimensions 5" by 5" and larger, width not more than 2" greater than thickness) of square or approximately square cross section graded primarily for use as posts or columns.
mutual aid agreement	Written agreement between agencies and/or jurisdictions in which they agree to assist one another upon request, by furnishing personnel and equipment.
transparency	Inventory definition: Transparency means that the assumptions and methodologies used for an inventory should be clearly explained to facilitate replication and assessment of the inventory by users of the reported information
awl	A pointed instrument that looks like an ice pick, useful for marking positions when laying out a project.
re-certification	Confirmation through the re-issuance of an incident qualification card that an individual has regained qualifications for a specified position that was lost through a lack of current experience
softwood	Generally considered to be the wood of conifers, although the wood of some conifers is harder than that of some hardwoods
flat grain	Lumber sawn approximately parallel to the annual growth rings so that all or some form an angle of less then 45 degrees with the surface of the piece.
regeneration delay	the maximum time allowed in a prescription, between the start of harvesting in the area to which the prescription applies, and the earliest date by which the prescription requires a minimum number of acceptable wellspaced trees per hectare to be growing in that area
fg	Flat of slash grain.
small aircraft	An aircraft of 12,500 pounds (5,669 kg) or less, maximum certificated takeoff weight.
tube planting	Setting out young trees in narrow, open-ended cylinders of various materials, in which they have been raised from seed or into which they have been transplanted.
chain	A measurement of horizontal distance, 66 feet
purnice	A fine, abrasive powder that is made from volcanic ash
bore	A hole for the arbor in a circular saw blade.
direct seeding	Spreading seeds over the forest seedbed by hand or machine
forest planting	NULL
phenotype	The physical appearance of an organism
see seed-tree method.	Coupe à blanc avec réserves
flood stage	The elevation at which overflow of the natural banks of a stream or body of water begins in the reach or area in which the elevation is measured.
tree spacing	The distance between trees, which is most often regulated at the time of planting or during a harvest or thinning operation.
framing	Lumber used for structural members in a house or other building
north american datum	The datum for map projections and coordinates throughout North America (see also datum)
black liquor	A liquid solution by-product of the so-called "kraft" wood pulping process, composed of lignin residues, hemicellulose, and the chemicals used in the process
hydrodynamic model	Mathematical formulation used in describing fluid flow circulation, transport, and deposition processes in receiving water.
conservation easement	A legally enforceable transfer of usage rights for the purposes of conserving land and prohibiting real estate development.
concentration	Amount of a chemical in a particular volume or weight of air, water, soil, or other medium
browse	Leaves, young shoots, and other vegetation that serve as food for animals; the act of eating such food.
compartment	Forest management subdivision or block of land, usually of continuous land ownership (17).
gullet	The curved area between two band saw teeth into which the chip curls.
maximum dry bulb temperature	The highest value for dry bulb temperature measured at the observation site during the preceding 24-hour period.
log rule	A table or formula showing estimated volumes, usually in board feet, for various log diameters and lengths.
aquifer	soil or rock below the land surface that is saturated with water
monocotyledons	one of the two sub classes of flowering plants
v pattern indicators	The overall "V" or "U" shape of the exterior perimeter of a fire.
thinning frequency	NULL
hollow grinding	A concave bevel on a chisel, gouge, or knife.
static water supply	Supply of water at rest which does not provide a pressure head for fire suppression but which may be employed as a suction source for fire pumps (e.g., water in a reservoir, pond, or cistern).
unccd	See United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
intumesce	To expand with heat to provide a low-density film; used in reference to certain fire-retardant coatings.
freight measure	"Board Measure" contents of lumber-when calculated from measurements of over-all dimensions; it is used only for displacement measurements for freight purposes.
net position report	The net position report provides an indication, using best available information at the time of projection, on how New Zealand is heading towards meeting its commitment under article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol
ombrophilous	Able to thrive in areas of abundant rainfall.
gaging station	A selected section of a stream channel equipped with a gage, recorder, or other facilities for measuring stream discharge.
ccp	Climate Control Policies.
biolistics	A transformation method in which metal particles coated with one organism's genetic material are propelled into the cells or tissues of another to allow for the uptake of the genetic material.
softwood	Cone-bearing trees with needles or scale-like leaves
insecticide	A substance that destroys insects.
loose knot	A knot not held in place by growth, shape or position.
water bar	A shallow channel or raised barrier, e.g., a ridge of packed earth or a thin pole laid diagonally across the surface of a road or trail so as to lead off water, particularly storm water
timber cruise	A survey of forestland to locate timber and estimate its quantity by species, products, size, quality, or other characteristics
girth	The distance around a tree; circumference.
maritime air	Air which has assumed high moisture content and the temperature characteristics of a water surface due to extensive exposure to that surface.
ecosystem	A system formed by the interaction of a community of animals and plants with its environment.
tolerance limits	NULL
cercus	One of a pair of appendages located at the posterior end of the abdomen.
mitigation	Actions taken to avoid, reduce, or compensate for the effects of environmental damage
tributary	A stream or river whose water flows into a larger stream or river.
end checks	A drying defect caused by the ends of the boards drying faster than the rest of the wood
registry	A software system for the accounting of transactions in AAUs, RMUs, ERUs, CERs, tCERs and lCERs
genetic code	A universal correspondence rule between a three-nucleotide DNA sequence and a specific amino acid that is used when genes are translated into proteins.
aerial detection	A system for, or the act of discovering, locating, and reporting fires from aircraft.
endangered	A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction .
pole or pole timber	A tree or trees greater than 4.0 inches dbh and less than 10.0 inches dbh.
bioaccumulate	the net uptake of a material by an organism from food, water, and (or) respiration that results in elevated internal concentrations [U.S
null	limites de tolérance
null	racines nues
chain of custody	The process of monitoring the production and distribution of goods from the forest to the end-product, i.e., tracing the origin of the product.
old-growth associate	A species that is most frequent in old-growth forests.
grit	A measure of the size of abrasive particles used in the manufacturing of sandpaper
snubbing line	A line used for lowering a load.
herbaceous fuel moisture	In NFDRS, a calculated value representing the approximate moisture content of the live herbaceous vegetation in the rating area expressed as a percentage of the oven dry weight of the sample.
crepuscular	Pertaining to organisms that are active during the dim light of dusk or dawn.
municipal	See ownership classes.
pefc	Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes, which was formally known as the Pan European Forest Certification Scheme.
urban heat island	A metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surroundings.
cut control	a set of rules and actions specified in the Forest Act that describes the allowable variation in the annual harvest rate either above or below the allowable annual cut (AAC) approved by the chief forester
outside aid	Firefighting assistance given to adjacent areas and nearby communities by contract or other agreement that covers conditions and payment for assistance rendered and services performed
imagined community	A term coined by political theorist Benedict Anderson to describe the way, through media and other large-scale activities, people imagine for themselves a shared sense of history and culture in which their commonalities (across a relatively expansive space) are greater than their differences
precipitation	Atmospheric water vapor that falls to earth surface under gravity.
heat low	An area of low pressure caused by intense heating of the earth's surface
sewer	A channel or conduit that carries wastewater and storm water run-off from the source to a treatment plant or receiving stream
volatile	Readily changeable into vapor at low temperatures.
energy intensity	The ratio between the consumption of energy to a given quantity of economic or physical output
pregermination	The germination of seed, generally to the stage when the radicle is just emerging, before sowing in the field or nursery.
necrophagous	Feeding on dead or decomposing animal matter.
common reporting format	Standardised format for reporting estimates of greenhouse-gas emissions and removals and other relevant information by Annex I Parties.
saltwater intrusion	Displacement of fresh surface water or groundwater by the advance of saltwater due to its greater density
value-added	the increased value of a forest product as a result of processing; producing a product of higher quality and having more monetary value.
bond failure	Rupture of adhesive bond.
erosion	Process by which soil or rock material is worn or broken down and transported by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
unsaturated zone	the zone immediately below the land surface where the pores contain both water and air, but are not totally saturated with water
meandering	When a stream channel moves laterally across its valley.
basal area factor	A calibration factor for prisms (either glass wedge or keyhole) that relates each “in” tree in a variable plot to a total amount of basal area in the stand (e.g
cut-stump treatment	NULL
natural range of variability	the variation in extent or occurrence through time of ecosystems, and species resulting from naturally occurring biotic or abiotic disturbances
raised panel	A piece of wood that is the center of a frame and panel assembly.
wind shear	A variation in wind speed and/or direction in a layer of the atmosphere or between layers
thermoelectric power water use	water used in the process of the generation of thermoelectric power
germinability	NULL
tc	Transaction Cost
enhance	to make greater (as in value, desirability, or attractiveness)
operational park	A property that is available for public use and provides a varying degree of facilities and services.
null	indice de densité de peuplement
crown forest licence	Between 1990 and 1992 the Crown sold the majority of its exotic plantation forests but retained the land for use in future Treaty of Waitangi settlements
soil creep	When gravity moves the soil mantle downhill at rates too small to observe.
boundary conditions	Values or functions representing the state of a system at its boundary limits.
mine	Gallery excavated by a larva in plant tissues, such as a leaf or bark.
endemic	A species being present in only a particular area.
emission standards	Requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment.
nonindustrial timberlands	means timberland owned by a nonindustrial tree farmer.
absolute humidity	The weight of water vapor per unit of air; usually expressed as grains/cu
canadian standards association	A leading developer of standards and codes, including an internationally recognized forestry certification system
transplantation	NULL
blm	see Bureau of Land Management.
resilience	The ability of an ecosystem to maintain diversity, integrity, and ecological processes following a disturbance
rift lumber	Diagonally grained lumber.
delegation of authority	A statement provided to the incident commander by the agency executive delegating authority and assigning responsibility
compliance action plan	One of the penalties that could be imposed on Annex I countries found to be in breach of their emission target under the Kyoto protocol.
null	marcotte
biological pest control methods	The application of whole organisms or portions of organisms as biologically sound alternatives to broad-spectrum chemical pesticides.
levee	People build levees to keep rivers out of their towns, farms, and to confine the water to where they want it to be
sawlogs	Logs meeting minimum regional standards of diameter, length, and defect
radial	Coincident with a radius from the axis of the tree or log to the circumference; in a round timber or piece of lumber, a line or surface extending outward from the heart-center; a radial surface is always edge-grain.
dry kiln	An enclosed chamber in which temperate and humidity conditions are subject to control for the purpose of drying lumber.
global positioning system	A system of navigational satellites operated by the U.S
continental climate	Climate that is characteristic of the interior of a land mass of continental size, marked by large annual diurnal and day-to-day ranges of temperature, low relative humidity and irregular precipitation.
bmp)	A practice or combination of practices that is determined by a state to be the most effective, practicable means of preventing or reducing the amount of pollution generated by point and nonpoint sources (such as forests, farms) to a level compatible with water quality goals.
leafstalk	The slender stalk by which a leave is attached to the stem.
wet water	Water with added chemicals, called wetting agents, that increase water's spreading and penetrating properties due to a reduction in surface tension.
btr	Better
shark-fin barrel	A mechanical site preparation device consisting of pairs of metal barrels on which are welded steel fins along opposing spiral lines.
channelization	The process of structuralizing a natural stream channel, often with concrete, for flood protection purposes.
clearcut	Cutting all trees in an area to a minimum diameter, such as 4 inches (24)
floodway	The channel of a river or stream and the parts of the floodplain adjoining the channel that are reasonably required to efficiently carry and discharge the flood water or flood flow of a river or stream.
chief executive	Chief executive in relation to a Part of the Act, means the chief executive of the department that is, with authority of the Prime Minister, responsible for the administration of the Part of the Act.
director	The ICS title for an individual responsible for supervision of a branch.
good one side	Plywood with one side patched solid and sanded, the other side will be rough and have open knot holes.
ioc	Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.
riparian forest buffer	A strip of forested land of variable width adjacent to a flowing body of fresh water, which it influences and is affected by
habitat	The combination of environmental or site conditions and ecological processes influencing a plant community
stop	The decorative end of a chamfer.
null	râteau débroussailleur
conidiophore	Specialized hypha upon which one or more conidia are borne.
story	A horizontal stratum or layer in a plant community; in forests, appearing as one or more canopies
verification	The periodic independent review and ex post determination by a Designated Operational Entity (DOE) of monitored reductions in anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gas that have occurred as a result of a registered clean development mechanism activity during the verification period.
security manager	This ICS position is responsible for providing security safeguards to protect incident personnel and prevent the loss or damage of incident equipment, supplies, and property and reports to the Facility Unit Leader.
drizzle	Precipitation composed exclusively of water drops smaller than 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) in diameter.
accuracy	Inventory definition: Accuracy is a relative measure of the exactness of an emission or removal estimate
weir	A small dam placed in a river or stream to control or gage the flow of water.
conifer	any tree that produces seeds in cones
harvester	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
rw/l	Random widths and random lengths.
mist forest	A forest of high elevation that occurs along the foggy windward shores of continents and islands.
required experience	Documented, satisfactory performance in a specified position needed to qualify for another (usually higher level) position
mechanical adhesion	Adhesion between surfaces in which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking action.
source	Source mostly refers to any process, activity or mechanism that releases a greenhouse gas, an aerosol, or a precursor of a greenhouse gas or aerosol into the atmosphere
"rational economic beings"	An assumption made in many models, particularly economic ones, that people rationally weight the costs and benefits of any action and always seek to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs in any given situation.
active crown fire	A fire in which a solid flame develops in the crowns of trees, but the surface and crown phases advance as a linked unit dependent on each other.
habitat typing	Habitat typing is an approach to assessing the productivity of a stand by determining the structure and composition that would characterize it in a climax state
bevel gauge	Also known as a T-bevel, the bevel gauge is a flat piece of metal attached to a handle with a wing nut that allows the metal piece to be set at any angle to the handle
reafforestation	NULL
holometabolism	Complete metamorphosis in which a pupal stage occurs between the larval stage and the adult form
shelterwood cut	Removing trees on the harvest area in a series of two or more cuttings so new seedlings can grow from the seed of older trees
global warming	the expected consequence of an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases by human activity (see greenhouse gases).
ground-water recharge	inflow of water to a ground-water reservoir from the surface
heat transfer	Process by which heat is imparted from one body to another, through conduction, convection, and radiation.
null	récolte d'écrémage
7-day q2	Lowest 7-day flow that occurs an average of every two years.
riparian ecosystem	The ecosystems around or next to water areas that support unique vegetation and animal communities as a result of the influence of water
removal units	These are tradable units generated on the basis of removals of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere through LULUCF activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol
aquatic	consisting of, relating to, or being in water
recombinant dna	DNA constructed by joining DNA segments from two or more organisms
secondary weather station	Station at which minimum weather measurements are taken to compute ratings of burning conditions; provides supplementary information on weather experience.
speed square	The rafter angle square is a triangular-shaped measuring tool used to draw straight lines on lumber to be cut, or to lay out angles for roofs, stairways, decks and other general construction
range	The distance that interested consumers, on average, will travel to obtain a given good or service
pilotage	Navigation of aircraft by visual reference to landmarks.
d&m	Dressed and Matched
skiddling	Hauling logs by sliding, not on wheels, from stump to a collection point
hazard	A situation or event with the potential to cause harm
pacing	Counting your steps to measure distance
introduced species	a nonnative species that was intentionally or unintentionally brought into an area by humans.
precipitation	rain, snow, hail, sleet, dew, and frost.
wood	A plant tissue composed essentially of lignified fibers of cellulose and hemicellulose
absorption	The gain of free water by the cell cavities.
model arson law	Model legislation, recommended by the Fire Marshals' Association of North America and adopted in most states, dealing with the subject of arson.
trophic status	The level of growth or productivity of a lake as measured by phosphorus content, algae abundance and depth of light penetration.
forestry	The profession using the art and science of growing sustainable forests for the benefit of people.
mallee	dwarf forms of eucalypts that have several stems which grow above ground level from a lignotuber, and generally grow up to ten metres high and on shallow infertile soils; scrubby even-height forests dominated by a few dwarfed species of eucalypts; geographical areas occupied largely by these multi-stemmed dwarfed eucalypts
sheep's foot roller	A steel drum with short metal rods on the outside; sometimes shaped like a sheep's foot
dew point	Temperature to which a specified parcel of air must cool, at constant pressure and water-vapor content, in order for saturation to occur
general winds	Large scale winds caused by high- and low-pressure systems but generally influenced and modified in the lower atmosphere by terrain.
phylum	A class of a group of plants
kd	Kiln Dried
veneer-core plywood	Plywood made from three or more pieces of veneer glued up in alternating-grain patterns.
riprap	Rough stones of various sizes placed compactly or irregularly on the ground surface to prevent scouring by water or debris (22).
assigned amount units	The emission units allocated to the Annex I countries (see http://unfccc.int) under the Kyoto Protocol
market exchange rate	This is the rate at which foreign currencies are exchanged
value	a principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable
public advisory group	an assembly that provides local people, community groups and general public that are interested in, or affected by, the Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) certification for HFP's Defined Forest Area with a focused process for shared decisionmaking
threatened species	A species that is likely to become endangered in Canada if the factors affecting its vulnerability are not reversed.
selective cutting	NULL
kinetic processes	Description of the rates and modes of changes in the transformation or degradation of a substance in an ecosystem.
community	A collection of living organisms thriving in an organized system through which water, energy, and nutrients cycle.
renewable	can be renewed or replaced eg trees
muskeg	Tract of partly forested peatland supporting mosses, shrubby plants, and scattered trees (26).
science	The study of the material universe or physical reality in order to understand it
slope	The upward or downward inclination of the earth’s surface
flood plain	a strip of relatively flat and normally dry land alongside a stream, river, or lake that is covered by water during a flood.
spray	Water applied through an orifice in finely divided particles to absorb heat and smother fire, to protect exposures from radiated heat, and to carry water toward otherwise inaccessible fire.
decay	The gradual decrease in the amount of a given substance in a given system due to various sink processes including chemical and biological transformation, dissipation to other environmental media, or deposition into storage areas.
rate of growth	The speed at which a tree increases in size
percent slope	The change in vertical elevation per 100 feet of horizontal distance.
stocking guide	Reference level for the optimum proportion of an area actually occupied by trees, expressed in terms of stocked quadrats or percentage of canopy closure.
management plan	A predetermined course of action and direction to achieve a set of results, usually specified as goals, objectives and policies.
vigor class	Assumption of the health of a tree based on observation of the foliage.
selects	In softwood, lumber which has been graded strictly for its appearance
highball	To work at a high rate of speed, usually smoothly and efficiently
london dispersion forces	Intermolecular attraction forces between non-polar molecules that result when instantaneous dipoles induce matching dipoles in neighboring molecules.
storm tracks	Originally, a term referring to the tracks of individual cyclonic weather systems, but now often generalised to refer to the regions where the main tracks of extratropical disturbances occur as sequences of low (cyclonic) and high (anticyclonic) pressure systems.
brush a road	To cover or fill mudholes, swampy places, and other depressions in a logging road to make it passable for vehicles (8).
null	épuisement annuel moyen
herringbone pattern	In veneering, a herringbone pattern that is formed when successive layers of veneers are glued up so they form a mirror image
lignin	A complex and relatively hydrophobic biopolymer present in the secondary cell walls of vascular plants—and particularly abundant in wood—that gives rigidity to plant stems and allows them to conduct water efficiently.
friction layer	The layer of the atmosphere in which the frictional force of the earth's surface exercises an appreciable influence on winds.
genetic variation	Variation in genes within a species population.
scaling	Determination of the gross and net volume of logs using the customary commercial volumetric units for the product involved (22).
bulk density	Weight per unit volume
situation unit	Functional unit within the planning section responsible for the collection, organization and analysis of incident status information, and for analysis of the situation as it progresses
volume table	A table estimating volume of wood in a standing tree based on measurements of the tree, most commonly DBH and merchantable height.
perfluorocarbons	A group of human-made chemicals composed of carbon and fluorine only
low regret options	Options for which the implementation costs are low while, bearing in mind the uncertainties with future climate change projections, the benefits under future climate change may potentially be large
biopesticide	A pesticide derived from natural sources such as fungi and bacteria or created to closely resemble or be identical to a chemical produced in nature such as a pheromone
burning	Decomposition of material by the application of heat and oxidation
sinkhole	a depression in the Earth's surface caused by dissolving of underlying limestone, salt, or gypsum
drill	An implement with cutting edges or a pointed end for boring holes in hard materials, usually by a rotating abrasion or repeated blows; a bit.
registered lease	A lease of land registered on the land title.
anthropogenic emission	Emission caused by human activities (for example, burning fossil fuels or setting fires to clear forest land for agricultural purposes).
stocking	A qualitative expression of the adequacy of tree cover on an area, in terms of crown closure, number of trees, basal area, or volume, in relation to a preestablished norm.
secondary succession	Process whereby one stand or plant community supplants another; it is triggered by a major disturbance in a forest ecosystem.
germinative energy	The percentage of seeds, spores, or pollen grains in a given sample germinating within a given period e.g., 7 or 14 days, under optimum or stated conditions.
downscaling	A method that derives local- to regional-scale (10 to 100 km) information from larger-scale models or data analyses.
idle time	See machine time, scheduled nonoperating time.
microinjection	A genetic engineering technique that uses a fine-tipped glass needle to inject DNA into a cell.
pressure-treating	A process of impregnating lumber or other wood products with various chemicals, such as preservatives and fire-retardants, by forcing the chemicals into the structure of the wood using high pressure.
dry strength	The strength of an adhesive joint determined immediately after drying under specified conditions or after a period of conditioning in a standard laboratory atmosphere.
phyllophagous	Feeding on the leaves of plants.
radicicolous	Living on or in roots
feeding on seeds.	Granivore
relocation diffusion	a process of diffusion in which an innovation moves from one place to another without leaving that innovation behind at the origin
tradable permit	A tradable permit is an economic policy instrument under which rights to discharge pollution – in this case an amount of greenhouse gas emissions – can be exchanged through either a free or a controlled permit-market
breast height	41/2 feet above ground level
hardwood wrench	A tool used to hold deck boards straight while fasteners are being installed
oxygen demand	Measure of the dissolved oxygen used by a system (microorganisms) in the oxidation of organic matter
drainage line	a discernible natural depression along which surface water runoff concentrates and flows towards a stream, drainage plain or swamp
situation awareness	An on-going process of gathering information by observation and by communication with others
time delay device	A device employed to allow a fire setter the opportunity to leave the scene prior to the ignition of the fire.
barrier	Any obstruction to the spread of fire
atmospheric stability	The degree to which vertical motion in the atmosphere is enhanced or suppressed
learning by doing	As researchers and firms gain familiarity with a new technological process, or acquire experience through expanded production they can discover ways to improve processes and reduce cost
draw knife	A tool having a blade with a handle at each end; by drawing it towards you, you can shave surfaces.
dry episode	A contiguous series of days having a pre-established number of fire ignitions with a fuel dryness level that historically resulted in a significant fire event for a particular area.
feeding on fungi.	Fongivore
bridging	Boards placed perpendicularly between joists to stiffen the joists
shearing strength	The capacity of an object or soil to resist shearing stresses.
energy efficiency	Ratio of useful energy output of a system, conversion process or activity, to its energy input.
climate change	An alteration in measured quantities (for example, precipitation, temperature, radiation, wind and cloudiness) within the climate system that departs significantly from previous average conditions and is seen to endure, bringing about corresponding changes in ecosystems and socio-economic activity.
community	An assemblage of species that co-occur in defined areas at certain times and have the potential to interact with one another (Grossman et al., 1998)
slope percent	The ratio between the amount of vertical rise of a slope and horizontal distance as expressed in a percent
bark residue	Refers to the bark removed from a log and also to portions of wood and foreign matter such a grit, sand, or stones that may be imbedded in the bark.
sedge	Herbaceous plants that have narrow leaves with sharp edges, flowers that are grouped into spikes and fruit (achenes) enclosed in small sacs
barking iron	A tool with a curved, narrow-shaped blade used in removing bark by hand.
hazard map	Map of the area of operations that shows all of the known aerial hazards, including but not limited to power lines, military training areas, hang gliding areas, etc.
notice to airmen	Notice identified as either a NOTAM or Airmen Advisory containing information concerning the establishment, condition, or change in any component of, or hazard in, the National Airspace System, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.
ozone layer	Layer of gaseous ozone (O3) in the stratosphere that protects life on earth by filtering out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
bog	A peatland that receives water primarily from rainfall and is dominated by sedges, sphagnum mosses, low shrubs, and evergreen trees.
leadership	The art of providing purpose, direction, and motivation to a group of people in order to accomplish a mission and improve the organization
null	classification écologique des zones
forested wetland	an area characterized by woody vegetation taller than 20 feet where soil is at least periodically saturated or covered by water.
sandy soil	A soil that is composed of very fine inorganic particles, such as sand grains.
abiotic	pertaining to the nonliving component of the environment (e.g., climate, ice, soil and water)
environmental impact	The change to an area's natural resources, including animal and plant life, resulting from use by man
variable positive	A tooth form that has variable tooth spacing, standard tooth forms, varying gullet depth, and a zero-degree rake angle.
brace and bit	A hand drill with a crank shaped handle with a flat knob on the end, special auger bits with a square tapered shank fit into a two jaw chuck
esa	Endangered Species Act.
artificial recharge	an process where water is put back into ground-water storage from surface-water supplies such as irrigation, or induced infiltration from streams or wells.
fauna	A general term for all forms of animal life characteristic of a region, period or special environment.
head of a fire	The most rapidly spreading portion of a fire's perimeter, usually to the leeward or up slope.
a-frame	Two wooden or metal uprights mounted in the shape of the letter "A" to support lead blocks at the upper end.
waterfall	A waterfall is a sudden drop in a river as it flows over a rock cliff
strut	A short timber placed in a structure either diagonally or vertically; designed to act in compression along the direction of its lengths.
grapple skidder	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines: skidder.
carry over	The transfer of emission units from one Commitment Period to a subsequent commitment period.
site index	A measure of the productive quality of an area where trees grow
pattern	Configuration of vegetation features or across a landscape
trade-off	Exchange of one thing for another; especially, the giving up of something for another that is regarded as more desirable.
long ton	British unit of weight equal to 2,240 pounds (17).
hydrologic cycle	The circulation of water around the earth, from ocean to atmosphere and back to ocean again.
peak flow	the maximum instantaneous discharge of a stream or river at a given location
mbf	The abbreviation for one thousand board feet.
codominant	NULL
sclerotin	Cuticular protein that has been hardened and darkened.
race	A population that exists within a species and exhibits genetic characteristics distinct from those of the other populations
horizontal boring	An alternative to mortise and tenon joint; has two drilling heads, side by side and usually an adjustable table for height.
ecosystem-based management	Management systems that attempt to simulate ecological processes with the goal of maintaining a satisfactory level of diversity in natural landscapes and their pattern of distribution in order to ensure the sustainability of forest ecosystem processes.
chain	Unit of measure in land survey, equal to 66 feet (20 M) (80 chains equal 1 mile)
foliage freeze indicators	Small branches, needles, and leaves on green vegetation that take on a windswept appearance and "freeze" in that position.
rough-edge lumber	Boards having attached bark on both edges.
null	mauvaises herbes
boxed heart	Used when the pith falls entirely within the four faces anywhere in the length of a piece.
surfaced checks	A drying defect that occurs when the surface dries too quickly in relation to the core.
emission factor	An intensity factor relating to greenhouse gas emissions per unit of activity (such as tonnes of fuel consumed, tonnes of product produced).
dryland salinity	accumulation of salt in soil and water of non-irrigated areas; caused by clearing trees and vegetation on outflow zones for saline water tables; the uptake of water by plants is reduced allowing the water table with soluble salts to rise, killing plants and creating bare, erodible areas
conifer	Tree that is a gymnosperm, usually evergreen, with cones and needle-shaped or scalelike leaves, producing wood known commercially as softwood.
species	A category of biological classification; a class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a common name
epiphyte	A plant, fungus, or microbe sustained entirely by nutrients and water received nonparasitically from within the canopy in which it resides.
flooring	A lumber pattern with smooth face and tongue and groove edges.
sustainable development	Sustainable development in forestry expands the principle of sustained timber yield by including wildlife and fish habitats, watersheds and hydrological cycles, as well as gene pools and species diversity.
tension zone	An ecological line running from Muskegon to Saginaw Bay that identifies the change in climate, geology, and soil.
upper level low	(Upper Level Disturbance, Cold Low Aloft) A circulation feature of the upper atmosphere where pressure, at a constant altitude, is lowest
pocket rot	Advanced decay which appears in the form of a hole, pocket or area of soft rot usually surrounded by apparently sound wood.
pocket of infection	Area in a stand or plantation where a disease originated.
extensive forest management	NULL
microfauna	Soil-dwelling micro-organisms (animals) that cannot be seen with the naked eye
null	couvert fermé
electron beam welding	A metal joining process that uses a narrow stream of electrons to produce a highly concentrated heat source.
null	peuplement à deux étages
genetic diversity	The genetic variation present in a population or species.
antigen	A substance that the organism identifies as foreign, hence triggering the release of antibodies as a defence response.
raised grain	The roughened condition of sanded wood when the hard latewood rises above the soft earlywood when moisture is applied.
price-based measures	Also referred to as 'economic instruments' and 'market instruments', price-based measures can be applied to integrate the costs (or opportunity costs) of greenhouse gas emissions into decision-making in the marketplace.
cleistothecium	Spherical ascomatum (with no opening) found in certain ascomycetes fungi and containing the reproductive structures (asci and ascospores).
pioneer	Shade intolerant species that are the first trees to develop in an area after or the abandonment of a field or after a disturbance that covers a fairly large area
mosaic	An intermixing of associations in an area that can be distinguished on the aerial photography, but is too intricate to delineate each association polygon
transpiration	process by which water that is absorbed by plants, usually through the roots, is evaporated into the atmosphere from the plant surface, such as leaf pores
flight following	The method and process through which an aircraft is tracked from departure point to destination
root-feeding	Feeding on the roots of plants.
carbon sequestration	The uptake and storage of carbon
soil organic matter	Includes organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a specified depth chosen by the country and applied consistently through the time series
fully stocked	NULL
marking rule	Means of standardizing marking practice among individuals and for various areas of the same forest type, commonly for thinning purposes.
vander waal forces	Physical forces of attraction between molecules, which include permanent dipole, induced dipole, hydrogen bond, and Long dispersion forces.
null	codominant
band	A group of First Nations people for whom lands have been set aside and money is held by the Crown
mast	nuts and seeds, such as acorns, beechnuts, and chestnuts, of trees that serve as food for wildlife.
management by objectives	In ICS, this is a top-down management activity which involves a three-step process to achieve the incident goal
slip	Relative movement in the direction of travel at the mutual contact surface of the traction or transport device and the surface that supports it (7).
substantial equivalence	A principle for safety assessment that compares a genetically modified product to a traditional non-modified product of the same species with a long history of safe use
economic potential	See Mitigation potential.
severance felling	NULL
error	The distance of results of observations, computations, or estimates from the true values or to values that are accepted as being true
spray irrigation	an common irrigation method where water is shot from high-pressure sprayers onto crops
digital raster graphic	A scanned image of a paper USGS topographic map
chipper	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines.
null	mode de régénération par coupes progressives par bandes
rod	Surveying instrument made of wood and graduated in feet and tenths of a foot
science and technology	Systematic activities that are closely concerned with the generation, advancement, dissemination and application of scientific and technical knowledge in all fields of science and technology, including such activities as research and development (R&D), scientific and technical education and training, and scientific and technological services.
transpiration	The loss of water through leaves.
cloning	In biotechnology, obtaining a group of genetically identical cells from a single cell; making identical copies of a gene.
dominance	The extent to which a given species or life form predominates in a community because of its size, abundance or cover, and affects the fitness of associated species (FGDC, 1997).
resin ducts	Intercellular passages that contain and transmit resinous materials.
diagonal grain	Cross grain exhibiting deviation of the growth-ring plane from the longitudinal axis, commonly the result of sawing boards other then parallel to the bark of the log.
petrochemical	A chemical made from petroleum, natural gas, or other fossilized hydrocarbons
class	The level in the National Vegetation Classification Standard hierarchy based on the structure of the vegetation and determined by the relative percentage of cover and the height of the dominant, uppermost life forms (Grossman et al
aquifer	A body of rock that can collect groundwater, and can yield water to wells and springs
jackson turbidity units	An alternative way (to NTU) to measure turbidity in water based on the length of a light path through a suspension that causes the image of a standard candle flame to disappear.
vertical temperature profile	Plot of the actual dry-bulb temperature against height above the earth's surface, most commonly determined by a RAWINSONDE observation.
stand condition	The descriptive measurement of a stand by the criteria of composition, health, age, size, volume, or spatial arrangement.
turbulence	Irregular motion of the atmosphere usually produced when air flows over a comparatively uneven surface such as the surface of the earth; or when two currents of air flow past or over each other in different directions or at different speeds.
forest ecology	The study of forests and their ecology, including the application of soil science, botany, zoology, and the like to forestry
kink	A form of warp characterized by abrupt deviation from straightness or flatness due to either localized grain distortion (as around knots) or to deformation by misplaced stickers.
class 1	Fish always or seasonally present in streams that flow year round
aaus	See Assigned Amount Units.
lignin	A complex chemical substance making up approximately 25% of wood substance; interspersed with cellulose in forming the cell wall
biome	A major and distinct regional element of the biosphere, typically consisting of several ecosystems (eg forests, rivers, ponds, swamps within a region of similar climate)
dead load	The weight of the structure itself; which includes built-in benches, the plank system, support structure and any railings, and other permanent features.
recurrence interval	The inverse probability that a certain flow will occur
climate-carbon cycle coupling	Future climate change induced by atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases will impact on the global carbon cycle
assumption	Acceptance of information as true without proof or demonstration.
lattice	A framework of crossed wood made of laths or other thin pieces of wood
prescribed burning	Deliberate use of fire under conditions where the area to be burned is predetermined and the intensity of the fire is controlled (28).
face	When a board has one side that is wider than the other, the wider side is referred to as the face (as opposed to the edge)
carbon inventory	A process of measuring the CO2-e stock stored in a forest at a point in time
fire danger	Measure of the likelihood of a forest fire, based on temperature, relative humidity, wind force and direction, and the dryness of the woods (12).
scheduled operating time	See machine time.
precipitation duration	Time, in hours and fraction of hours, that a precipitation event lasts
tension	In an adhesively bonded joint, a uni-axial force tending to cause extension of the assembly, or the counteracting force within the assembly the resists extension.
structure	The various horizontal and vertical physical elements of the forest
yarding road	Path followed by a turn of logs yarded by a cable method (22).
carbon leakage	The part of emissions reductions in Annex B countries that may be offset by an increase of the emissions in the non-constrained countries above their baseline levels
thinning intensity	A measure of the combined effect of thinning weight and thinning frequency, in terms of the volume removed during any succession of thinnings, sometimes expressed as an average annual stand depletion.
biopolymer	Any polymer that is produced by a living organism or synthesized from renewable biomass
null	couche humifère
null	peuplement producteur de graines
silt	Noncohesive soil whole individual particles are not visible to the unaided human eye (0.002 to 0.05 mm)
sustainable forest management	Management that maintains and enhances the long-term health of forest ecosystems for the benefit of all living things while providing environmental, economic, social and cultural opportunities for present and future generations.
secretariat	The office staffed by international civil servants responsible for "servicing" the UNFCCC Convention and ensuring its smooth operation
selection harvest	A method of harvesting whereby individual trees are selected for harvest
petrochemical feedstock	Feedstock derived from petroleum, used principally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics
old-growth forest	a wooded area, usually greater than 200 years of age, that has never been altered or harvested by humans
section	A land survey subdivision
slope	The degree of inclination to the horizontal
application approved	The status of a climate change scheme application received by MPI ETS (Forestry) that reflects the successful outcome of an application assessment.
habitat	The place where a plant or animal can live and maintain itself.
shipment	Includes all shipping of goods within or outside Canada
clearing	an area where all or most of the tree cover and associated understorey have been removed and the land use changed eg
germinative capacity	The percentage of seeds, spores, or pollen grains in a given sample that actually germinate, irrespective of time
carbon flux	The rate of exchange of carbon between pools (ie, reservoirs).
applied carving	A background which is worked separately and then applied, rather than being worked in place.
succession	A series of dynamic changes by which one group of organisms succeeds another through stages leading to a potential natural community or climax. An example is development of a series of plant communities (called seral stages) following a major disturbance
subclass	The level in the National Vegetation Classification Standard hierarchy under class based on growth form characteristics (Grossman et al
rectify	Remove distortions common to aerial photographs in the process of automating the photo-interpreted information into a digital database
perceived risk	Refers to the observation that the individual or public perception of risk may differ from the perception gained by a risk assessor as a result of a technical risk assessment.
null	déchaussement par le gel
ecolabeling	Process used to determine when a product can display a special seal or mark signifying that it is less harmful to the environment than most other similar products
vegetation field key	See dichotomous field key.
integrated logging	Logging operation that segregates and delivers a variety of products to mills and processors that will use them to their greatest potential.
vesicle	Small, bladder-like structure.
water quality	a term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose.
growth	The act or process of growing or developing when referring to an organism
average annual stand depletion	NULL
hydrologic unit	A subdivision of watersheds, generally 40,000-50,000 acres or less, created by the USGS
till	Unstratified glacial drift consisting of unsorted, intermixed clay, sand, gravel, rock, and boulders
new forestry	A forest management philosophy that attempts to retain characteristics of old-growth stands in managed stands.
dry packing	In tree injection, a method of banding that uses a tight waterproof bandage packed with a chemical, either dry or in paste form.
strategy	The art of coordinating actions to achieve a desired end.
succession	The natural sequence of plant community replacement beginning with bare ground and resulting in a final, stable community in which a climax forest is reached
purchasing power parity	The purchasing power of a currency is expressed using a basket of goods and services that can be bought with a given amount in the home country
captive carbon	once carbon dioxide has been used by a plant the carbon will stay captive (or stored) in the plant until it decomposes, is burnt or breaks down in some way
registered forestry right	A right (registered on the land title) under the Forestry Rights Registration Act (1983) that allows the holder to use the land specified in the right for forestry purposes.
caliper	(1) Instrument for determining tree and log diameters by measuring their rectangular projection on a straight graduated rule via two arms at right angles to (and one of them sliding along) the rule itself
sediment oxygen demand	The solids discharged to a receiving water are partly organics, and upon settling to the bottom, they decompose anaerobically as well as aerobically, depending on conditions
fire	Rapid oxidation, usually with the evolution of heat and light; heat fuel, oxygen and interaction of the three.
ignition factor	The conditions, subsequent actions, and sequence of events that bring a competent ignition source into contact with the materials first ignited
sea breeze	A breeze (wind) blowing inland from the sea generally during daytime hours.
corridor planting	Setting trees in parallel rows, generally at regular intervals between and in lines, on land either wholly or partially cleared.
cone-feeding	Feeding exclusively on the seeds and cones of conifers.
hold-over	NULL
demobilization	Release of resources from an incident in strict accordance with a detailed plan approved by the incident commander.
native forest management system	guidelines to ensure that the amount of timber harvested from a forest each year equals the amount that is regrown each year
clear-felled area	NULL
surface water	Water that is flowing across or contained on the surface of the earth, such as in rivers, streams, creeks, lakes, and reservoirs.
butt diameter	The larger cross-sectional measurement of a log, at the end toward the original base of the tree.
circumference	The length of the outer edge (perimeter) of a circle.
canopy	The stratum containing the crowns of the tallest vegetation present (living or dead), usually above 20 feet.
incident with potential	Wildland fire-related mishap that results in serious or non-serious injuries involving multiple personnel, near accident (which would have resulted in a serious injury or fatality), or substantial loss of property (less than $250,000)
fingers of a fire	The long narrow extensions of a fire projecting from the main body.
surge	Rapid increase in water flow which may result in a corresponding pressure rise.
mismatched material	Worked material that does not fit tightly at all points of contact between adjoining pieces or in which the surfaces or adjoining pieces are not in the same plane.
available resources	Resources assigned to an incident and available for assignment.
surface temperature	See Global surface temperature.
pole	A tree size class. Trees over 5 inches in diameter and under 9-12 inches (species dependent) in diameter. See size classes.
surface low	An area on the earth's surface where atmospheric pressure is at a relative minimum
climate	The prevalent or characteristic meteorological conditions of any place or region, and their extremes.
altimeter setting	The barometric pressure reading used to adjust a pressure altimeter for variations in existing atmospheric pressure or to the standard altimeter setting (29.92) inches.
least developed countries	The World's poorest countries
vegetation plot	See plot.
bow	A defective piece of lumber that has warped along its length.
chert	Hard sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline quartz, usually light in color, common in the Springfield Plateau in gravel deposits
net position	The level of greenhouse gas emissions countries are expected to be emitting in 2008-2012 relative to New Zealand's Kyoto Protocol obligations.
sawtimber stands	See stand size classes.
cambium	A layer of cells between the wood and the secondary phloem where wood is formed.
pure stand	NULL
spray gun	A cloud of mist of fine liquid particles, as of water from breaking waves.
grapple	A handling tool suspended from the end of the boom, consisting of a downward-turned clamp that is opened to pick up the stems or logs and then closed to lift and deposit them further away.
point source pollution	Pollutant loads discharged at a specific location from pipes, outfalls and conveyance channels from either municipal wastewater treatment plants or industrial waste treatment facilities
contamination	The act of polluting or making impure; any indication of chemical, sediment, or biological impurities.
variable visibility	A condition when the prevailing visibility is less than 3 miles (5 km) and rapidly increases and decreases by one or more reportable values during the period of observation.
pathogen	Living or dead agent that alters the normal functions of a whole plant or part of a plant.
incident medical specialist program	An incident-based program to care for emergent and minor medical as well as common occupational health care problems of incident personnel
scale	(Botany) One of the small overlapping plate-like parts that make up the modified leaf of cedars
glulam	A shorthand version of glue laminate
unit	The organizational element of an incident having functional responsibility for a specific activity in the planning, logistics, or finance/administration activity.
softwood	A wood, regardless of weight and hardness, which comes form a coniferous tree.
screw gun	A tool used to install sheetrock, also known as drywall
stemwood	Wood from the main part of a tree-not from the branches, stump, or root (26).
non-market impacts	Impacts that affect ecosystems or human welfare, but that are not easily expressed in monetary terms, eg, an increased risk of premature death, or increases in the number of people at risk of hunger
quality assurance	A system for evaluating performance such as the delivery of services or the quality of scientific data being produced.
meeting of parties	MOP is the Supreme Body of the Kyoto Protocol
spud	Tool with a narrow-shaped, curved blade used in removing bark by hand
nucleotides	The building blocks of DNA (and RNA), each containing one nitrogenous base—adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (uracil in RNA)— a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA).
rod	Record of Decision
gtos	Global Terrestrial Observing System.
roundwood	Wood products that are used in their original form, only being cut to length
bud	Plant organ containing the immature tissues that will become a leaf, branch or flower.
overlay	A thin layer of paper, plastic film, metal foil, or other materials bonded to one or both faces of panel products or to lumber to provide a protective or decorative face or a base for painting.
initial assigned amount	The allowance of emissions of greenhouse gas assigned to a Party listed in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol, measured in metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
miter joint	Pieces that are cut on an angle to make a joint.
drum chopper	NULL
sink	Any process, activity or mechanism which actively removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas or aerosol from the atmosphere
nonstocked areas	See stand size classes.
hectare	A metric unit of measure equal to 10,000 m2 or approximately 2.471 acres.
action plan	Any tactical plan developed by any element of ICS in support of the incident action plan.
null	scarifiage
partially stocked	NULL
injectors	Metering devices with a diesel engine that regulate the fuel flow (23).
subsidence	Downward or sinking motion of air in the atmosphere
pulpwood	Wood used in the manufacture of paper, fiberboard or other wood fiber products
taxonomy	Set of rules governing the classification and naming of species.
chain	Unit of length equal to 66 feet (20).
ris	Redwood Inspection Service
dominant	NULL
hardener	A substance or mixture of substances that is part of an adhesive and is used to promote curing by taking part of the reaction.
rotation	The length of time required to grow an even aged crop of trees to a desired age.
innovation	The use of a new idea, material or technology to produce new goods or services or to change the way in which goods or services are produced or distributed
dna sequence	The linear order of the nucleotides along the DNA strand
fixed area plot	A sample plot that has a defined size (e.g
environmental specialist	Person responsible to the planning section chief for collecting and analyzing environmental information about the incident area, determining environmental restrictions and requirements, and providing the information as an input to the incident action and to incident personnel as needed.
obstruction to vision	Condition in which obscuring phenomenon restricts horizontal visibility to six statute miles (10 km.) or less.
knot	A section of a branch which is embedded in the wood of a tree trunk or of a large branch
cable logging	logging method used where slopes are too steep for conventional logging machinery
gill	Plate-shaped membrane located under the cap of a fungus; all of the gills together form the hymenium.
herbicide tolerant	Capable of surviving and recovering from the application of herbicides.
personnel time recorder	Person responsible to the time unit leader for daily recording of the time of all personnel at the incident, posting commissary charges to the time reports, closing out all records prior to personnel leaving the incident, and distributing completed time documents according to each agency's policy.
reservoir	Where a greenhouse gas is stored in a terrestrial system or below ground and the system is neither growing nor losing greenhouse gas nor its precursor (carbon) from or to the atmosphere.
approved overseas unit	An approved overseas unit is a unit, other than a Kyoto unit than has been issued by an overseas registry and can be transferred to accounts in the Registry.
antibiotic	Chemical substance capable of preventing the development of micro-organisms.
wet-bulb temperature	The lowest temperature to which air can be cooled by evaporating water into it at a constant pressure when the heat required for evaporation is supplied by the cooling of the air
overplanting	NULL
terra torch ®	Device for throwing a stream of flaming liquid, used to facilitate rapid ignition during burn out operations on a wild fire or during a prescribed fire operation.
co-benefits	The benefits of policies that are beyond the scope of the original policy
eb1s	Edge bead one side.
toughness	A quality of wood that permits the material to absorb a relatively large amount of energy, to withstand repeated shocks, and to undergo considerable deformation before breaking.
succession	the natural replacement of one plant (or animal) community by another over time in the absence of disturbance.
emergency operations plan	The plan that each jurisdiction has and maintains for responding to appropriate hazards.
flocculation	The process by which suspended colloidal or very fine particles are assembled into larger masses or floccules that eventually settle out of suspension.
sawing	A basic, cutting process that uses a blade set with a series of teeth on its edge to cut a narrow opening in a work piece
stream	a general term for a body of flowing water; natural water course containing water at least part of the year
hazard	Any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness or death of personnel, or damage to, or loss of equipment or property.
sapling	a tree at least 4 1/2 feet tall and up to 4 inches in diameter.
natureserve explorer	A website from NatureServe that provides authoritative conservation information in a searchable database for more than 65,000 plants, animals, and ecological communities in the U.S., Canada, and Latin America
check valve	A valve that permits flow of liquid through a hose or pipe in one direction but prevents a return flow
insecticide	Any chemical or biological preparation used to kill or disrupt the development of insects.
environmental assessment	A process designed to contribute pertinent environmental information to the decision-making process of forest management or other natural resource projects and programs.
native	A plant or animal originating, growing, or produced in a certain place; Indigenous as opposed to exotic.
nodule	Globulose or elongated mass formed by certain fungi or a mixture of plant and fungal tissues.
mbie	Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment.
renewable energy	Energy obtained from sources that can be replenished, like water, wood, wind, geothermal or solar energy.
abrasives	A material that is used to shape or finish a work piece through rubbing which leads to the work piece being worn away.
cypress	an evergreen native coniferous tree which produces durable wood; also refers to the wood derived from a cypress tree.
eutrophication	The process of increasing nutrient and decreasing oxygen supply within a water body
trekking	a hike or journey, perceived to be long and possibly arduous
disposal facility	Disposal facility means any facility that operates, at least in part, as a business to dispose of waste
display class	In WIMS, a one-digit number representing the number of decision points used to evaluate the magnitude of the Staffing Index.
turbulence	A type of flow in which any particle may move in any direction with respect to any other particle and not in a smooth or fixed path
dry air mass	A portion of the atmosphere that has a relatively low dew point temperature and where the formation of clouds, fog, or precipitation is unlikely.
awls	A term used indicating that all widths and lengths of a specified thickness of lumber may be included in a shipment.
limiting factors	When one or more habitat components are in limited supply, and is not available to support a species, this component is considered a limiting factor.
planimetric data	Spatial data that do not take topographic relief information into account for establishing position.
coriolis force	An apparent force due to the rotation of the earth that causes a deflection of air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere
streamflow	The active flow of water within a stream, river, or creek
coarse woody debris	The standing and downed dead wood in a forest.
iso	International Standards Organization.
free flow	Maximum water flow rate a fire pump will attain when there are no restrictions at the pump outlet or losses due to friction or head.
null	coupe des semenciers
wetland	A location on the landscape that is characterized by either hydric soils or hydrophytic plants or both
flight line	Refers to a line or strip of aerial photography
null	diagramme d'aménagement de la densité de peuplement
saline water	water that contains significant amounts of dissolved solids.
consulting forester	an independent professional who manages forests and markets forest products for private woodland owners. Consulting foresters do not have direct connections with firms that buy wood products, but are retained by woodland owners as their agents.
tubicolous	Dwelling in a tube, eg pine tube moth.
exempt income	Income which is not subject to tax.
cambium	a layer of cell tissue between the inner bark (phloem) and the wood (xylem) that generates new cells annually for the inner bark and wood.
soil temperature	The temperature of the ground near the surface (often within the first 10 cm).
ecosystem	any biological community and its non-living environment, that is all the plants and animals in an area together with the air, land and water with which they interact; a self-sustaining and self-regulating community of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment; a community of living things and their surroundings; ecosystems contain a system of overlapping relationships called food webs, dependent on simpler food chains.
venation	Distribution of veins on the wings of an insect or on a leaf.
ice sheet	An ice sheet is the largest form of glacier that covers a huge land area for a long period of time.
integrated pest management	The use of a mix of techniques and/or strategies to control pests, as opposed to the application of a single method.
dilution	The addition of some quantity of less concentrated liquid (water) that results in a decrease in the original concentration.
patch logging	A modification of the clearcutting system developed in the Pacific Coast region of North America, whereby patches of about 5 to 200 ha are logged as single units, separated for as long as practicable.
crude birth rate	The annual number of live births per 1000 population in a given area.
wastewater treatment	Chemical, biological, and mechanical procedures applied to an industrial or municipal discharge or to any other sources of contaminated water in order to remove, reduce, or neutralize contaminants.
morphology	Form and structure of living organisms.
cruise	a forest survey used to obtain inventory information and develop a management plan.
ultra high frequency	Radio frequencies from 300 Megahertz (MHz) to 3,000 MHz with a normal range of less than 50 miles
hydrochlorofluorocarbons	See Halocarbons
detection	The act or system of discovering and locating fires.
bdft	Board foot
site index	A relative measure of forest site quality based on the height (in feet) of the dominant trees at a specific age (usually 25 or 50 years, depending on rotation length)
stumpage	The value or volume of a tree or group of trees as they stand uncut in the woods (on the stump).
see stocking: partially stocked	Matériel relatif irrégulier
sawmill	A facility to saw logs into lumber or boards
blowdown	see windthrow.
scope of practice	The set of responsibilities and ethical considerations that define the extent or limits of the care provider within the current standards of practice.
m	Thousand
overpopulation	these might include, war, famine, disease, revolution, and so forth
jammer logging	Cable logging system generally restricted to one skidding line and used for winching logs up to 300 feet from the cutting area to a log collection point.
barometric pressure	Atmospheric pressure corrected for elevation.
integrated assessment	A method of analysis that combines results and models from the physical, biological, economic and social sciences, and the interactions between these components in a consistent framework to evaluate the status and the consequences of environmental change and the policy responses to it
nsr	see stocking: NSR
null	inéquienne irrégulier
null	suffisamment reboisé
erosion	The wearing away of land by action of wind or water.
thematic accuracy	The correctness of the map classes in relation to the vegetation on the ground
drop pattern	The distribution of an aerially delivered retardant drop on the target area in terms of its length, width, and momentum (velocity x mass) as it approaches the ground
tag-on	Connecting a (airtanker) drop to the forward part of a previous drop.
overstorey	The uppermost continuous layer of a vegetation cover, for example the tree canopy in a forest ecosystem or the uppermost layer of a shrub stand.
mortise	A rectangular hole cut into a piece of wood to accept a tenon.
incised wood	Wood with slots cut into the side of the wood so that preservative chemicals can penetrate more deeply during pressure treatment
sustained-yield forestry	The yield of defined forest products of specific quality and in projected quantity that a forest can provide continuously at a given intensity of management.
parts per billion	Number of parts of a chemical found in one billion parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid mixture
quarter-sawn	A method of cutting lumber where the annual rings are relatively perpendicular to the face of the board
direct seeding	Spreading seed s over the forest seedbed by hand or machine
batch mix	Manually adding and mixing a concentrated chemical, such as liquid foam, or powdered or liquid retardant with water, or gelling agents with fuel, into solution in a tank or container.
tree injection	The deliberate introduction, by pressure or simple absorption of a chemical -- generally a water-soluble salt in solution -- into the sapstream of a living tree.
woody fuel moisture	In NFDRS, a calculated value representing the approximate moisture content of the live woody vegetation in the rating area expressed as a percentage of the oven dry weight of the sample.
retention by assay	The determination of a preservative retention in a specific zone of treated wood by extraction or analysis of specified samples.
direct seeding	(1) Spreading seeds over the forest seedbed by hand or machine
radial drill press	A drill press with the head mounted on a tube which is laterally and vertically adjustable
plug	NULL
general services administration	An agency of the United States Government that includes the Federal Supply Service, the Automated Data and Telecommunications Service, the Public Buildings Service, and the National Archives and Records Service.
gene	A functional portion of a chromosome in which inheritable characteristics are determined by the sequence of nucleotides along the DNA.
drip irrigation	a common irrigation method where pipes or tubes filled with water slowly drip onto crops
tributary	A tributary is a river or stream that flows into another stream, river, or lake.
risk management	Any action or portfolio of actions that aim to reduce the probability and magnitude of unwanted consequences (or vice versa), or manage the consequences of realised risks
gully erosion	The erosion process whereby water accumulates in narrow channels and, over short periods, removes the soil form this narrow area to considerable depths, ranging from 1-2 feet to as much as 75-100 feet.
photosynthesis	The synthesis of organic matter in the presence of sunlight by plants
block cutting	Removal of the crop in blocks in one or more operations, generally for wildlife management purposes, encouraging regeneration, or protecting fragile sites
hypovirulence	Reduced virulence in a micro-organism caused by genetic mutation or the presence of a virus.
discounted cash flow	In evaluating investment opportunities, the various costs and benefits anticipated in future years discounted to the present
hold down	A type of iron clamp, fitting into a hole in a bench; tightened or loosened by hammer taps.
vegetation description	See vegetation characterization.
null	peuplement secondaire
virus	An ultramicroscopic infectious (capable of infecting with disease) agent.
map scale	The relationship between a distance portrayed on a map and the same distance on the Earth (Dana, 1999)
wind rock	Movement of tree stems in the wind, which may lead to chafing of the collar and sometimes of the roots, and, in very wet soil, loosening of the ground.
return flow	irrigation water that is applied to an area and which is not consumed in evaporation or transpiration and returns to a surface stream or aquifer.
root system	The underground portion of a tree, including the roots and root hairs.
offset	Compensating for the effects of activities through other means
scribner scale	A protocol for measuring how many board feet of lumber could be created from a log
chemical pulping	Process in which wood fibers are separated by removing the lignin and certain other wood components through the use of chemicals (17).
firebase	A computerized program utilized to analyze the fire workload and project the organization to adequately manage the workload for a given response area.
density	The ratio of the original volume of the nonaerated foam solution to the resultant volume of foam
benchmarking	A process used in management and particularly strategic management, in which organisations evaluate various aspects of their processes in relation to best practice, usually within their own sector
pest	Any organism, whether insect, pathogen, mammal, or competing vegetation, capable of causing damage to a forest crop.
radiosonde	A device carried aloft by a balloon equipped with measuring instruments that automatically convert temperature, pressure, and humidity data into electrical impulses and transmit this information to a ground recorder.
support branch	A branch within the logistics section responsible for providing personnel, equipment and supplies to support incident operations
behavior	An observable activity or action demonstrated by an individual in a particular context.
productive machine hour	Time during scheduled operating hours when a machine performs its designated function (time exclusive of such things as machine transport, operational or mechanical delays, and servicing or repair) (35).
live fuel moisture content	Ratio of the amount of water to the amount of dry plant material in living plants.
branch	The organizational level having functional or geographical responsibility for major parts of incident operations
sunny	The adjective classification of the sky when 5/10 or less of the sky is obscured by clouds
j-root	A root, especially a seedling tap root, having a sharp bend greater than 90, shaped like a J
slip	Relative movement in the direction of travel at the mutual contact surface of the traction or transport device and the surface that supports it.
sealed bid sale	Sale in which interested parties submit written bids at the time and place specified (17).
rdm	Random
para	Paragraph PART — Partition
travel time	Compensable time en route to or from an emergency incident.
timber stand improvement	Intermediate thinning of a forest stand, prior to its reaching mature rotation age, generally for the purpose of improving growing conditions or controlling stand composition (35).
freeboard	Freeboard is the vertical distance between the normal maximum level of the water in a river or reservoir and the top of the levee or dam
prospectus	a document that describes the location of a property, indicates trees marked for cutting, and states that the timber will be sold in accordance with a suitable contact. A prospectus includes the number of trees marked, their diameter classes, and a volume estimate for each species.
copenhagen	The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference will take place in Copenhagen, Denmark, between December 7 and December 18, 2009
limestone	A sedimentary rock composed largely to minerals calcite, and/or aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium.
temperate forest	One of three main forest zones in the world (see also boreal forest, tropical forest)
gradient	The rate of change of the value of one quantity with respect to another; for example, the rate of decrease of temperature with depth in a lake.
global positioning system	A system of satellites, ground receiving stations and handheld receivers that allow accurate measurement of feature coordinates on the face of the earth
mast	Nuts, berries, and seeds utilized by wildlife as a food resource.
portatank	Container, either with rigid frame or self supporting, which can be filled with water or fire chemical mixture from which fire suppression resources can be filled
water consumption	Amount of extracted water irretrievably lost during its use (by evaporation and goods production)
cost-share program	A program that allocates project funds to pay a percentage of the cost of constructing or implementing a best management practice
thin sky cover	Sky cover through which higher clouds or the sky can be detected.
null	culture-abri
barometer	An instrument for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere
concentrate	A substance that has been concentrated; specifically, a liquid that has been made denser, as by the removal of some of its water.
boule	A log live sawn and kept together in the order of sawing.
waste	Waste means anything that has been disposed of or discarded and includes waste that is defined by its composition or source (for example organic waste, electronic waste or construction and demolition waste).
diameter-limit cutting	Removal of all merchantable trees above a specified minimum diameter, which in mixed stands may vary with species
board measure	Is used to indicate that a ‘board foot' is the unit of measure.
null	établi
leach	Removal of soluble constituents from ashes or soil by percolation of water.
organism harbouring a parasite.	Hôte
veneer	A thin layer of wood used in the manufacturing of panelboard. High quality veneer is glued to the outside surface. Lower quality wood (solid, manufactured, or veneers) makes up the interior and back sides of a panel. Veneer quality sawlogs mean logs that have exceptionally few defects.
nonpoint numeric targets	A measurable value determined for the pollutant of concern which, if achieved, is expected to result in the attainment of water quality standards in the listed water body.
null	application sous forme granulaire
carbon cycle	The term used to describe the flow of carbon (in various forms, eg as carbon dioxide) through the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial biosphere and lithosphere.
photosynthesis	the light-requiring reaction (chemical process) which produces food (glucose) in green plants; the reaction also requires carbon dioxide and water to produce the food needed by the plant
juvenile wood	An inner layer of xylem surrounding the pith, in which the cells are smaller and/or less structurally developed than those of the outer xylem
connectivity	a qualitative term describing the degree to which latesuccession ecosystems are linked to one another to form an interconnected network
rink-shank nail	A nail with grooves and ridges around the shank to prevent the nail from popping out of the wood as the wood contracts and expands because of changes in moisture and temperature.
front	In meteorology, the boundary between two air masses of differing atmospheric properties.
ecological amplitude	NULL
gradient wind	Wind flowing parallel to pressure isobars or contours with low pressure on the left of the observer in the Northern Hemisphere; velocity such that the pressure gradient, Coriolis, and centrifugal force acting in the area are in balance.
sanitation measures	The removal of dead, damaged, or susceptible trees or their parts, or of vegetation that serves as an alternative host for crop-tree pathogens, to prevent or control the spread of pests or pathogens.
desertification	The transformation of once-productive arid and semi-arid areas into deserts through prolonged drought or continued mismanagement of land and water resources.
epidermis	Tissue covering the aerial portions of a plant.
net board measure	Content of lumber when calculated from measurements of actual dimensions, including tongue or lap.
resilience	The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organisation, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change.
null	amélioration d'un peuplement
alliance	A physiognomically uniform group of associations sharing one or more diagnostic (dominant, differential, indicator, or character) species that, as a rule, are found in the uppermost stratum of the vegetation (FGDC)
fcpw	Flat car paper wrapped
flight path	Track of an aircraft over the earth's surface.
sucking	Pertains to an organism that has mouth parts modified for sucking food, by means of a tube or proboscis (beak).
pin lichens	Lichens whose reproductive structures resemble a minute pin and pinhead, usually less than 4 mm tall
rotation	The number of years required to establish and grow trees to a specified size, product, or level of maturity.
usda	U.S
geographic information system	a computer information technology which stores, analyses and displays geographic data.
pupal	Pertaining to the stage between the larval stage and the adult in insects.
humus	The top layer of soil produced by the decomposition of vegetable or animal matter
toxic	Relating to a harmful effect by a poisonous substance on the human body by physical contact, ingestion, or inhalation.
cull tree	a sawtimber sized tree that has no timber value as a result of poor shape or damage from injury, insects or disease.
limited containment	Halting of fire spread at the head, or that portion of the flanks of a prescribed fire that is threatening to exceed prescription criteria, and ensuring that this spread rate will not be encountered again; does not indicate mopup.
new investments	All expenditures made on buildings, engineering, construction, machinery and equipment (including imports of used machinery and equipment) for the current time period
best management practices	a practice or combination of practices that are determined to be the most technologically or economically feasible means of preventing or managing potential impacts
joist hanger	A pre-manufactured metal piece typically attached to a ledger or to beam to support a joist
edge joining	Smoothing and squaring the edge of a board so that it can be glued up evenly to another piece.
anchor	Piece of equipment that holds something in place
null	surveillance du matériel relatif
margin of safety	A required component of the TMDL that accounts for the uncertainty about the relationship between the pollutant loads and the quality of the receiving waterbody (CWA section 303(d)(1)(C))
environmental inventory	Record of an area's natural and man-made resources, including vegetation, animal life, geological characteristics and mankind's presence in such forms as housing, highways and even hazardous wastes.
edge	the boundary or transition between two ecological communities, for example, field and woodland
tributary	A lower order stream compared to a receiving waterbody
cross pollination	The fertilization of an egg in one plant by a sperm cell found in a pollen grain of another plant
mbf	Thousand Board Feet.
ea	Environmental assessment
stand	An aggregation of trees occupying a specific area and sufficiently uniform in composition, age, arrangement, and condition so that it is distinguishable from the forest in adjoining areas
blister	An elevation of the surface of an adherent, somewhat resembling in shape a blister on human skin.
pioneer species	Species that are the first to colonize a new site or a new ecosystem
chromosome	A single DNA molecule encoding a portion or all of a living organism's genetic information; threadlike and located in the cell's nucleus in higher organisms, circular in bacteria
end-match	To tongue and groove the ends of matched lumber.
air pruning	Limiting extension of a root system beyond a container by exposure to air.
key category	A category that is prioritised within the national inventory system because its estimate has a significant influence on a country's total inventory of direct greenhouse gases in terms of the level of emissions or removals, the trend in emissions or removals, or both.
dimension lumber	hardwood dimension lumber is processed to be used whole in the manufacture of furniture or other products
emission trajectory	A projected development in time of the emission of a greenhouse gas or group of greenhouse gases, aerosols and greenhouse gas precursors.
anticyclone	An area of high atmospheric pressure with closed clockwise circulation.
sapling	A tree size class. A small (usually young) tree between 1-5 inches in diameter. See size class.
perithecium	Flask-shaped ascomatum found in certain ascomycetes fungi and containing the reproductive structures (ascus and ascospores).
dicotyledons	one of the two sub classes of flowering plants
pressure loss	Reduction in water pressure between a pump or hydrant and a nozzle due to expenditure of pressure energy required to move water through a hose; includes losses due to back pressure, friction loss, elevation loss, and/or losses in fittings.
storm surge	The temporary increase, at a particular locality, in the height of the sea due to extreme meteorological conditions (low atmospheric pressure and/or strong winds)
greenhouse gas inventory	The inventory is an annual account of all human-caused emissions and removals of greenhouse gases in New Zealand
primary wastewater treatment	the first stage of the wastewater-treatment process where mechanical methods, such as filters and scrapers, are used to remove pollutants
top-down	This method allocates national level GDP to regions using a variable with a regional correlation to GDP, for example employment numbers or wages paid
straw line	Light-weight line used to change main skidding lines and tackle in cable yarding systems (24).
lithuania	a country that borders a small, disconnected part of Russia to the east; Lithuania also borders the Baltic Sea.
friction	A saw blade made with one piece of carbon steel used at high speeds to soften metal for removal.
skidding chain	The length of chain fastened around the end of a log.
kerf	A saw cut.
total catchment management	the coordinated management of natural resources within a catchment area; relies on an integrated approach to balance the way resources are used and conserved within a catchment
null	soulevage
relief valve	A pressure-controlled device which bypasses water at a fire pump to prevent excessive pressures when a nozzle is shut down.
fire analysis	Review of fire management actions taken on a specific fire, group of fires, or fire season in order to identify reasons for both effective and ineffective actions, and to recommend or prescribe ways and means of doing a more efficient job
tree injector	A specially designed tool used to inject a solution into a living tree.
miter gauge	A tool that slides into a slot on a power tool such as a table saw, router table, band saw, etc
seed tree cut	A harvesting method in which a few scattered trees are left in the area to provide seed for a new forest stand
hand weeding	Removing the undesirable species inhibiting the growth of valued species manually.
monitoring	Periodic or continuous surveillance or testing to determine the level of compliance with statutory requirements and/or pollutant levels in various media or in humans, plants, and animals.
static bending	Redwood
dbh	standard measurement of a tree's diameter, usually taken at 1.30 m (4 1/2 ft) above the ground.
gross national product	The annual total value of all goods and services produced in a country, plus income received from overseas
bioeconomy	An economy based on the manufacturing and trade of commodities and services derived from renewable biological resources as well as on the trade of non-timber forest products.
infiltration	process of water moving into the soil/ground
true bearing	Bearing by true north rather than magnetic north.
affortestation	Establishment of new forest in an area that was no forest before.
null	élagage naturel
foam	The aerated solution created by forcing air into, or entraining air in water containing a foam concentrate by means of suitably designed equipment or by cascading it through the air at a high velocity
ozone layer	A form of oxygen (O3) formed naturally in the upper atmosphere by a photochemical reaction with solar ultraviolet radiation and a major agent in the formation of smog.
pruning	the act of sawing or cutting branches from a living tree
distance measuring equipment	Aircraft navigational equipment that provides the slant range distance in miles (kilometers) from the aircraft to the VOR station to which the DME is tuned, usually at or near an airport.
volume table	A table that utilizes tree dbh or log diameters and log length (usually 16 feet) to estimate board foot volumes according to a set of assumptions ("log rules") about how the log will be processed into boards.
superficial burn	A minor thermal burn involving the outer layer of skin, i.e
self-supplied water	water withdrawn from a surface- or ground-water source by a user rather than being obtained from a public supply
air hose	A hose that carries air under pressure.
national forest system	Consists of all national forest lands, the national grasslands and land utilization projects administered under title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, and other interests as defined in Section 9 of the National Forest Management Act of 1976.
pt	Pressure Treated
bench dog	A metal part of a wooden peg that fits into a hole in a workbench that is used to hold a work piece in place
tooth pitch	The distance between one tooth tip and the next.
porous wood	Wood with larger than normal pores and vessels.
top rail	The horizontal member installed on the edge; attached to the top of the balusters as well as the posts.
cdf & g	California Department of Fish and Game
fixed costs	Operation costs that will remain relatively constant for all levels of output (22).
photo interpretation	The art and science of identifying and delineating objects on an aerial photograph
caucus	An Algonkian word that describes a meeting of council to make policy decisions and select leaders.
group shelterwood cutting	NULL
pole or poletimber	A young tree or stand of young trees between 3.5 inches and 12.9 inches in diameter at a point 4.5 feet above the ground
brush chopper	An implement with blades mounted on a horizontal power-driven shaft, for reducing the bulk of slash after felling and so facilitating planting.
loosened or raised grain	Consists of a small portion of the wood being loosened or raised but not displaced.
species sensitive to disturbance	plants or animals susceptible to disrurbance by natural events (fire, wind, flood, insects) and also by human activities such as forest harvesting or construction of roads
payload	Weight of passengers and/or cargo being carried by an aircraft.
fixed-station monitoring	the repeated long-term sampling or measurement of parameters at representative points for the purpose of determining environmental quality characteristics and trends (
upper canada	The predecessor of modern Ontario, came into existence when the British Parliament passed the Constitutional Act, 1791, dividing the old province of Québec into lower Canada and Upper Canada along the present-day Quebec-Ontario boundary.
taper	The progression of the diameter (width) of a tree from wide at the base to a narrow point at the top, giving the stem of the tree a cone shape.
nursery log	A fallen tree that provides habitat for fern, fungi, insects, etc.
cooperative extension service	the educational arm of the USDA that links university research to people who can benefit from it.
event	A planned, non-emergency activity
core science systems	A USGS division where the Core Science Analytics and Synthesis is located
partly air dried	Seasoned to some extent by exposure to the atmosphere, but still considered green or unseasoned.
framing lumber	A term generally applied to lumber when the nominal size is 2 through 4 inches thick and 2 inches and wider; lumber used to construct a building or structure.
geomorphology	The study of the evolution and configuration of landforms.
irregular shelterwood system	NULL
hyperparasitoid	Organism that attacks and lives on another parasitoid.
tmdl	Total Maximum Daily Load of pollutants in a watercourse, including sediment and water temperature.
nurse crop	NULL
third assessment report	The third extensive review of global scientific research on climate change, published by the IPCC in 2001
null	arracheuse
ecoregion	A physical region that is defined by its ecology, which includes meteorological factors, elevation, plant and animal speciation, landscape position, and soils.
parent tree	Any tree whose seeds are used to produce progeny for use in genetic experimentation
cloudy	Adjective class representing the degree to which the sky is obscured by clouds
heat per unit area	Total amount of heat released per unit area as the flaming front of the fire passes, expressed as Btu/square foot; a measure of the total amount of heat released in flames.
multijurisdiction incident	An incident requiring action from multiple agencies that have a statutory responsibility for incident mitigation
circumstantial evidence	Testimony or information not based on actual personal knowledge or observation, but dependent on inference of other facts or experience
roof truss	An engineered building component that supports the roof in place of rafters
flight time	The time from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of flight until the moment it comes to rest at the next point of landing.
voluntary action	Informal programmes, self-commitments and declarations, where the parties (individual companies or groups of companies) entering into the action set their own targets and often do their own monitoring and reporting.
null	matériel sur pied relativement déficient
phloem	transports nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
feeding on blood.	Hématophage
bark	The outermost, protective layer of a tree composed of dead cork and other various elements.
hydrophyte	Plant typically found in wet areas or in water where oxygen deficiencies occur periodically (11).
royalty	a payment made for the value of timber harvested.
velocity	The speed at which water is flowing in a river or stream
wind	The horizontal movement of air relative to the surface of the earth.
doe	See Designated Operational Entity.
tracheary elements	The principal water-conducting elements of the xylem, mostly vessel members and tracheids.
den tree	a tree with cavities suitable for birds or mammals to nest in.
null	normalement reboisé
moult	Process whereby arthropods shed their old cuticle (external covering) and replace it with a new one.
surface inactivation	In adhesive bonding to wood, physical and chemical modification of the wood surface that result in reduced ability of an adhesive to properly wet, flow, penetrate, and cute.
stand table	NULL
msr	Machine Stress Rated
oven-dry wood	Wood completely dried until it is without any moisture content.
feral	Existing in a wild or untamed state; especially having reverted to such a state from domestication, i.e., feral cat.
national response plan	A plan that integrates federal government domestic prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery plans into one all-discipline, all-hazard plan.
shoot pruning	Cutting away undesirable shoots to favor survival and growth of selected shoots.
inductor	A control mechanism that allows a regulated quantity of foam concentrate to be introduced into the main hose line.
liquid alcohols	Also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol
non-annex 1 party	A Party to the UNFCCC which is not listed in Annex I to the UNFCCC
carbon sink	A carbon reservoir that absorbs and stores carbon from another part of the carbon cycle
credits	Carbon credits are a key component of national and international emissions trading schemes that have been implemented to mitigate climate change
grain pattern	Three distinct grain patterns:
larvarium	Tube or sheath made by a larva as its shelter.
null	herse à éperon
smoke vent height	Level, in the vicinity of the fire, at which the smoke ceases to rise and moves horizontally with the wind at that level.
objective	a clear, specific statement of expected quantifiable results to be achieved within a defined period of time related to one or more goals
water quality-based effluent limitations	Effluent limitations applied to dischargers when mere technology-based limitations would cause violations of water quality standards
xylophilous	Growing in or living on wood.
carbonaceous	Pertaining to or containing carbon derived from plant and animal residues.
troposphere	The lowest part of the atmosphere from the Earth's surface to about 10 km in altitude in mid-latitudes (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) where clouds and "weather" phenomena occur
ascus	Bag-like structure that develops within an ascomata and is made up of a membrane in which ascospores are produced; the ascospores are discharged from the ascus at maturity.
evaporation	The transformation of a liquid to its gaseous state; heat is released by the liquid during this process.
ford	A stream-crossing without a bridge or structure.
lacquers	A finish; a clear varnish.
flood	An overflow of water onto lands that are used or usable by man and not normally covered by water
culture	The attitudes and values shared by a
bark beetle	Small, cylindrical beetle of the family Scolytidae, the adult of which bores into and beneath the bark of various trees for the purpose of egg laying.
air stagnation advisory	A statement issued by a National Weather Service forecast office when atmospheric conditions are stable enough such that the potential exists for air pollutants to accumulate in a given area
noncontributing	having no involvement or effect (Common Usage) return to top
dispatch center	A facility from which resources are assigned to an incident.
air pollution	The general term referring to the undesirable addition of substances (gases, liquids, or solid particles) to the atmosphere that are foreign to the natural atmosphere or are present in quantities exceeding natural concentrations.
cat ex	categorical exclusion from having to prepare an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement
moss mat	An epiphyte mat dominated by mosses.
crown closure class	Any interval into which the range of proportions of ground area covered by the vertically projected tree crown areas of a stand is divided for classification and use.
glowing combustion	the process of oxidation of solid fuel accompanied by incandescence
cultivar	A variety of plant cultivated on account of its favourable characteristics for horticulture, forestry or agriculture.
snubbing line	Line used for lowering a load (22).
pre-logging	Cutting specified high-valued wood products such as poles and pilings before cutting the remainder of the trees.
fungivorous	Feeding on fungi.
specific gravity	Ratio of the weight of a volume of material to the weight of an equal volume of water at a given temperature (7).
booster pump	An intermediary pump for supplying additional lift in pumping water uphill past the capacity of the first pump.
evapotranspiration	The amount of water leaving to the atmosphere through both evaporation and transpiration.
hydrograph	A graph showing variation of in stage (depth) or discharge of water in a stream over a period of time.
see forest hygiene	hygiène en forêt
wobbly dado head	A single blade dado cutter where the blade is adjusted to wobble the width of the cut.
across the grain	Generally perpendicular to the grain direction.
whr	Wildlife Habitat Relationship system
cumulative impacts	Describes situations when the effects of an action are added to or interact with other effects in a particular place and within a particular time
watershed	The area drained by an underground or surface stream, or by a system of streams.
living modified organism	As defined in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, a living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology.
viability	Of a seed, spore, or pollen grain, its capacity to germinate and develop, under given conditions.
hydro-geomorphic	Pertaining to the influence of water on the formation of the earth's surface, and the influence of soil and geology on the flow of water.
board foot	a unit for measuring wood volume in a tree, log, or board
small game	Birds and small animals normally hunted or trapped
gin pole	Erect pole with guys, 30 to 50 feet in height, leaning so that a loading block hung at the top is directly over the point where the truck will be spotted for loading (22).
ad	Lumber which has been air dried.
stand density	A quantitative measurement of tree stocking, expressed in terms of number of trees, total basal area, or volume, per unit of area
solum	The upper and most weathered portion of the soil profile.
extrapolate	To use information about something that is known to make inferences about something that is unknown (e.g
canopy class	syn
tree class	Any class into which the trees forming a crop or stand may be divided for a variety of purposes.
expansion	The ratio of the volume of the foam in its aerated state to the original volume of the non-aerated foam solution.
thallus	Vegetative plant body that is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves, although some analogous structures may be present.
hypha	One of many filaments that make up the mycelium or body of a fungus.
null	stade de perchis
apothecium	Cup-shaped ascomatum found in certain ascomycetes fungi and containing the reproductive structures (asci and ascospores).
plantation forestry	Application of forestry principles to an artificial crop or stand.
prescribed fire burn plan	A plan required for each fire application ignited by management
ev1s	Edge V one side
acorn	Hard fruit of the oak tree, which contains the seed.
null	mode de régénération par coupes progressives irrégulières
fittings	For dust collection, accessories that are used to connect hoses, pipes, and tools within a dust collection system.
maori land	Maori land has the same meaning as in the Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993.
lignotuber	swollen underground root structure developed by most eucalypts, capable of sprouting new shoots if the tree is damaged
spade bit	These are an inexpensive bit, suitable for general use, they get their name from their shape.
crosswalk	Relationship between the elements of two classification systems
watershed	a region defined by patterns of stream drainage
end coating	The process of sealing the ends of the boards to prevent checking caused by unrestrained evaporation of moisture
container	Portable receptacle (pot, bag, or linked spaces) to hold rooting medium for growing planting stock.
run-off	The portion of precipitation that flows over the land surface or in open channels
hygrothermograph	Recording instrument combining, on one paper record, the variation of dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity as a function of time.
cultural heritage	encompasses the qualities and attributes of places that have aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present or future generations
null	intermédiaire
lgth	Length LIN (Lineal)
moss	A bryophyte belonging to the class Musci
error matrix	See contingency table.
non-tariff barrier	An economic, political, administrative or legal impediment to trade other than a duty, tax or import quota.
first nations	Generally, "First Nations people" is used to describe both Status and Non-Status Indians
shrink-swell	The amount of elasticity (percent clay) in a soil.
casual	A person hired and compensated under the Pay Plan for Emergency Workers.
model fireworks law	Model legislation recommended by the Fire Marshals' Association of North America and adopted by many states, regulating display of fireworks.
dog	Short, heavy piece of steel, bent and pointed at one end, with an eye or ring at the other
forest regions classification	A process of delineating large geographic areas according to landform and climate, associated with broad variations in overall forest composition.
pollard	NULL
capillary action	the means by which liquid moves through the porous spaces in a solid, such as soil, plant roots, and the capillary blood vessels in our bodies due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension
dado	A rectangular channel cut partway into a board.
sling psychrometer	A hand operated instrument for obtaining wet and dry bulb temperature readings and, subsequently, relative humidity.
national forest	See ownership classes.
granite bedrock	Geological formation that dates back more than 450 million years and is characterized by vast expanses of granite of volcanic origin
rotor	Assembly of airfoils (rotor blades), together with a hub and attachments, that rotates about an axis to provide lift and/or thrust on a helicopter.
antifungal	Capable of killing fungi or impeding their development.
pith fleck	A narrow streak, resembling pith on the surface of a piece, resulting from burrowing of larvae in the growing tissues of the tree.
e&cv1s	Edge & Center V One Side
stylet	Sharp, stiff structure in the mouth parts of certain piercing-sucking insects and barb in bees and wasps.
drought index	A number representing the net effect of evaporation, transpiration and precipitation in producing cumulative moisture depletion in deep duff or upper soil layers.
s3s	Surfaced two faces and straight line ripped one edge
dry rot	A term loosely applied to many types of decay but especially to that which, when in an advanced stage, permits the wood to be easily crushed to a dry powder; the term is actually a misnomer for any decay, since all fungi require considerable moisture for growth.
dispatcher	A person who receives reports of discovery and status of fires, confirms their locations, takes action promptly to provide people and equipment likely to be needed for control efforts.
blade stabilizers	Metal disks approximately 3 ½" in diameter that go on each side of a saw blade to minimize flexing and rim vibrations.
underplant	Young trees used for underplanting.
trim	The finish materials in a building, such as moldings, applied around openings or at the floor and ceiling of rooms.
wetting agent	A chemical that when added to water reduces the surface tension of the solution and causes it to spread and penetrate exposed objects more effectively than the untreated water.
photosynthesis	The process that plants use to synthesize nutrients from water and minerals, using light.
null	autonomie de croissance
fire ecology	The study of the effects of fire on living organisms and their environment.
increaser	Increasing coupling used on hose, pump, or nozzles to permit connection of a larger size of hose.
extreme weather event	An event that is rare at a particular place
parameter	A variable which can be measured quantitatively; sometimes, an arbitrary constant; associated with populations
catkin	A drooping cluster of flowers or fruits on a flexible axis (resembling the tassels on wheat).
post anchor	A metal piece attached to or imbedded in the footing that attaches the post to the footing and keeps the post from being exposed to moisture in the ground.
agriculture land	parcels of land, which, based on soil and climate capability hearings, are deemed necessary to be maintained for agricultural use
miscellaneous federal	See ownership classes.
feeding on flowers.	Anthophage
geotextile	A synthetic material placed beneath road fill and used to confine the road aggregate and to distribute the weight of the load.
random lengths	Lumber of various lengths, usually in even two-foot increments
sustainable land management	A government programme aiming to promote sustainable land management practices on erosion-prone hill country.
gross domestic product	Total market value of goods and services produced in a given area, minus the cost of goods and services used in the production process.
saddle planting	NULL
nephelometric turbidity unit	unit of measure for the turbidity of water
rotary tiller	A site preparation machine using hammers, teeth, tines, or flails mounted on a horizontal drum or horizontal or vertical shaft revolving at high speed.
impermeable layer	a layer of solid material, such as rock or clay, which does not allow water to pass through.
e&cb2s	Edge & Center Bead Two Sides
enso	See El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
fuel switching	In general this is substituting fuel A for fuel B
null	coupe en deux abattages
global environment facility	The GEF is an independent financial organisation that provides grants to developing countries for projects that benefit the global environment and promote sustainable livelihoods in local communities
continuous boreal forest	Main subarea of the vast boreal zone, which is characterized by relatively dense stands containing primarily boreal coniferous species and shade-intolerant deciduous trees.
feedstock	Raw material, such as forest biomass, used as input in an industrial process to make a product.
wall decking	Lumber covering the walls; usually 1" tongue-and-groove.
stratification	Formation of water layers each with specific physical, chemical, and biological characteristics
true-up period	The period from the end of the Commitment Period (2012) until 100 days after the completion of the Kyoto Protocol reviews of emissions information relating to the Commitment Period
wet-bulb temperature	The temperature indicated by the wet-bulb thermometer of a Psychrometer.
back azimuth	Angle or bearing 180 degrees opposite of azimuth.
softwood	NULL
intolerant species	NULL
hyperparasite	Parasitic organism that lives off of another parasite.
precipitation	Any or all forms of water particles, liquid or solid, that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground.
raveling	Erosion caused by gravity, especially during rain and drying periods
site index	A measure of the relative productive capacity of an area
somatic embryogenesis	A process by which clones are produced by cell growth from a seed embryo.
payload	The gross weight of a loaded vehicle minus the weight of the vehicle itself.
specific gravity	The ratio of the weight of wood to an equal volume of water
deciduous	plants which shed their leaves annually.
female flower	Part of the plant bearing the female sexual organ (pistil).
planting file	A file that tells LMS how to simulate tree planting; specifically the size, species, and number of trees that are expected to be on the site one growth cycle after planting.
filiform	Thread-like.
surfacing	The way a piece of lumber has been prepared at the lumber mill.
single storied	NULL
plank	A piece of lumber, from 2 but not including 5 inches thick, generally used with wide face horizontal.
natural background levels	Chemical, physical and biological levels representing conditions that would result from natural processes, such as weathering and dissolution.
de minimis	A threshold under which greenhouse gas emissions associated with an activity are immaterial or insignificant in terms of the objectives of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (for the purposes of this document, also has a meaning in the context of the law).
slide-boom loader	See harvesting machine classifications, single function machines: loader.
spokeshave	Used to shape curved surfaces, consists of a blade fastened between two handles, blades come in straight concave and convex curves.
effective seedling	Any seedling, whether natural or planted, that has survived in reasonable vigor for some arbitrary time and is so sited that it should make an effective contribution to the crop.
chitin	Compound secreted by the epidermis in arthropods and making up the bulk of their cuticle (outer layer of the body).
breast height	4 1/2 feet above ground level
container planting	NULL
nectarivorous	Feeding on nectar.
null	subdominant
extirpated species	Refers to the local extinction of a species that is no longer found in a locality or country, but exists elsewhere in the world.
seasoning	Drying wood to reduce its moisture content before usage
hammer	A hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking.
hem-fur	Hemlock - True Firs
slope	The inclination of the land surface from the horizontal
carbon neutral/carbon neutrality	Being carbon neutral means that the amount of greenhouse gases emitted is equivalent to that absorbed (see Emissions offsets)
national wildlife refuge system	All lands, waters and interests therein administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife, including those that are threatened with extinction.
paleoclimate	Climate during periods prior to the development of measuring instruments, including historic and geologic time, for which only proxy climate records are available.
plastic sphere dispenser	Device installed, but jettisonable, in a helicopter, which injects glycol into a plastic sphere containing potassium permanganate, which is then expelled from the machine and aircraft
fix	Geographical position determined by visual reference to the surface, by reference to one or more radio navigational aids, by celestial plotting, or by any other navigational device.
high-forest systems	Silvicultural systems in which the crops are normally of seedling origin, natural and/or artificial, and the rotation is, traditionally at least, long.
land use classification	A classification of the earth's surface that defines the use that people are making of the land, commonly used with remote sensing technology, and commonly combined with land cover classification
engine	Any ground vehicle providing specified levels of pumping, water, and hose capacity but with less than the specified level of personnel.
fertilization	The union of the nucleus and other cellular constituents of a male gamete (sperm, pollen grain) with those of the female gamete (ovum, egg cell) to form a zygote from which may develop a new organism.
dense sky cover	Sky cover that prevents detection of higher clouds or the sky above it.
asexual reproduction	Reproduction without fertilization
climax community	A relatively stable, undisturbed plant community that has evolved through stages and adapted to its environment.
canopy	The aboveground plant organs within a community
boundary value	The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) commensurate with the boundary conditions and precipitation events of the preceding 24 hours.
deciduous forest	Subarea of the northern temperate zone, which is characterized mainly by sugar maple-dominated deciduous forests
dovetail joint	A method of joining wood at the corners by the use of interlocking pins and tails; a tenon that is shaped like a dove's spread tail to fit into a corresponding mortise.
claims specialist	Person responsible for handling all claims, other than injury, against the incident.
null	matériel relatif efficace
stripe	A stripe of ribbon pattern that occurs when woods with interlocked grain, which slopes in alternate directions, are quarter-sawn.
processor	See harvesting machine classifications; multifunction machines.
threatened species	Condition that occurs when a species exhibits declining or dangerously low populations but still has enough members to maintain or increase numbers.
coordinated resource management	A process that directly involves everyone concerned with resource management in a given planning area.
ind	Industrial
topography	The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the position of natural and human-made features.
pesticide	Any preparation used to control populations of injurious organisms, plant or animal.
viviparous	Bringing forth living, fully formed individuals that are capable of feeding
single-tree selection method	NULL
wave	A disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another point and may take the form of a deformation of pressure or temperature
fuel size class	A category used to describe the diameter of down dead woody fuels
bioprocess	A process that uses the processing capability of living cells (for example, yeasts) or their components (for example, enzymes) to create a commercially useful product.
lichen	Organism consisting of a fungus (mycellium) and an alga (green alga cells) living in association
torx head	A screw head requiring a driver in the shape of a star.
null	coupe intermédiaire
precision end trimmed	Lumber is trimmed square and smooth on both ends to uniform length.
mg	Mixed Grain
iccp	International Climate Change Partnership.
acre	Area of land containing 43,560 square feet
null	semis en tube
educational	of or relating to education
null	périodicité des éclaircies
surface tension	The force per unit length acting in the surface of a liquid that opposes the increase in area of the liquid.
noaa	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
voluntary agreement	An agreement between a government authority and one or more private parties to achieve environmental objectives or to improve environmental performance beyond compliance to regulated obligations
cyanolichen	A lichen containing cyanobacteria
fire tool cache	A supply of fire tools and equipment assembled in planned quantities or standard units at a strategic point for exclusive use in wildland operations.
fiddleback	A type of washboard-like figure that occurs in some species of wood with wavy grain; a decorative wood figure caused by wavy grain
irrigration salinity	accumulation of salts in the soil; occurs in irrigated areas where (1) irrigation water contains large quantities of dissolved salts and poor drainage or inefficient irrigation practices result in the build-up of salts in the soil, or (2) poor drainage and large quantities of irrigation water are used and the irrigation water brings dissolved salts to the surface
competition	NULL
feeding on fungi	Mycétophage
stress skin construction	A construction in which panels are separated from one another by a central partition of spaced strips with the whole assembly bonded so that it acts as a unit when loaded.
extractives	Substances in wood, not an integral part of the cellular structure, that can be dissolved out with hot or cold water, ether, benzene, or other relatively inert solvents.
feller buncher	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
belt sander	A machine used to sand down wood or other materials for finishing purposes
falling wedge	Wedge used to throw a tree in the desired direction (24).
ethos	The totality of the distinctive ways of living that separate one group of people from another, especially their values.
gross area	See land-use classes.
slasher buncher	See harvesting machine classifications, multifunction machines.
drawer slide	A mechanism used to make drawers slide in and out.
aij	See Activities Implemented Jointly
crotch line	Loading method that uses two lengths of rope suspended from the end of the loading line and terminating in the end hooks (22).
null	pratiques culturales
photosynthesis	The complex process by which green plants, algae and some bacteria take carbon dioxide from the air (or bicarbonate in water) to build carbohydrates (radiant energy from the sun is used to combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to produce oxygen (O2) and simple nutrient molecules, such as glucose (C6H12O6))
land holding	Freehold or leasehold estate, or interest in that land that entitles a person to receive units or the value of units based on carbon sequestration by that forest sink, but does not include a registered interest by way of charge or security.
hard suction hose	Noncollapsible suction hose attached to a pump and used to draft water from a source lower than the pump
machine utilization	See machine time.
after date of invoice	A term used to define a condition of sale; cash discounts are often allowed for payment within a specified period "after date of invoice."
silvopasture	An agroforestry practice involving the compatible combination of tree growing with forage and livestock production in order to maximize both ecological and economic benefits.
ideology	A partial truth that benefits a particular group of class of people
infrared	A heat detection system used for fire detection, mapping, and hotspot identification.
stand table	A table showing the number of trees by species and diameter classes, generally per unit area of a stand
mean fire return interval	Arithmetic average of all fire intervals in a given area over a given time.
parasite	Organism that lives on or in and feeds on a living plant or animal (host)
acre-feet	Acre-feet are how engineers measure the volume of water in a lake or reservoir
see slit planting	Bêchage en T
vegetative reproduction	Establishment of a new plant from a seed that is a genetically distinct individual.
grading rules	A set of criteria by which to judge various pieces of lumber of panels in terms of appearance, strength, and suitability for various uses
mixedwood	NULL
null	hersage
prescribed burning	Deliberate use of fire under conditions where the area to be burned is predetermined and the intensity of the fire is controlled.
phloem	Tissue of the inner bark that conducts photosynthate from the leaves down to the roots.
un-designated	An area of land assigned to the Parks program but not formally recognized under the Provincial Parks Act.
apical meristem	The growing tip of a tree stem or root.
riparian zone	A strip of land of variable width adjacent to and influenced by a body of fresh water.
depletion allowance	Deduction from taxable income derived from ? wasting asset
ground water	Rain and snow water accumulated in the earth's porous rock.
tooth rake angle	The angle formed by the tooth face and a line perpendicular to the back of the blade.
null	pourcentage de réussite des semis
recycled water	water that is used more than one time before it passes back into the natural hydrologic system.
framing square	A flat piece of metal shaped like an "L", with measurements along both legs of the "L"; commonly used when building decks for marking lines perpendicular to the length of lumber.
global warming potential	An index, based upon radiative properties of well mixed greenhouse gases, measuring the radiative forcing of a unit mass of a given well mixed greenhouse gas in today's atmosphere integrated over a chosen time horizon, relative to that of carbon dioxide
null	âge
lidar	Light Detection and Ranging
skidding chain	Length of chain fastened around the end of a log (22).
psw	Pacific Southwest Research Station
full seed	Seed showing apparently complete embryo and endosperm or megagametophyte structures, irrespective of actual viability.
water quality standards	State or federal law or regulation consisting of a designated use or uses for the waters of the United States, water quality criteria for such waters based upon such uses and an antidegradation policy and implementation procedures
sulphurhexafluoride	One of the six greenhouse gases included under the Kyoto Protocol
fir	Any evergreen coniferous tree, especially of the genus Abies, with needles borne singly on the stems.
strength ratio	The hypothetical ratio of the strength of a structural member to that which it has if it contained no strength-reducing characteristics.
building permit	An authorization issued by a government agency allowing construction of a project according to approved plans and specifications.
cultipacker	Equipment used to firm and press the soil before planting
detritus	Any loose material produced directly from disintegration processes
try square	A square with a steel tongue in a wooden handle.
transplant	A seedling that has been replanted one or more times in a nursery to improve its size and growth potential characteristics
mineral ash	The residue of mineral matter left after complete combustion of wood (wood ash) or other organic material; consists largely of oxides, carbonates, and phosphates of Ca, K and Mg, together with other compounds.
post cure	A treatment applied to an adhesive assembly following the initial cute, to complete cure, or to modify specific properties.
friction reducing agent	Water soluble substance that reduces frictional drag of solutions and dampens turbulent flow while being pumped through pipe or hose.
fire day	Standard 24-hour period beginning at 1000 hours, during which most wildfires undergo a predictable speeding up and slowing down of intensity, depending primarily on the influence of weather and fuel factors.
reserve cutting	See seed-tree method.
carbon neutrality	When the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere equals the amount sequestered or offset.
size class	One of the three intervals of tree stem diameters used to classify timber in the Forest Plan data base. The size classes are: Seedling/Sapling (less than 5 inches in diameter); Pole Timber (5 to 7 inches in diameter); Sawtimber (greater than 7 inches in diameter)
pocket hole	A hole drilled on an angle with a step bit to make a butt joint
celsius	A temperature scale with 0° as the freezing point of water and 100° as the boiling point of water at sea level.
surrender account	Surrender account means an account in the Registry for the purpose of holding units that account holders have surrendered.
sticker	A ¾" to 1" wood strip that is inserted between stacks of green wood and spaced between 16" to 24" to allow air to flow through the stack to ensure proper drying.
on center	A method of measuring distance between two structural members, such a joists, where you measure from the center of one member to the center of the other
moisture content	A measure of the amount of water in a piece of lumber.
yardstick	A wooden rule 36" long.
cross-cut saw	Saw designed specifically to cut wood across the grain (8).
machine burn	Burn marks on the surface of converted wood as a result of poor sawing or machining.
r/l	Random Lengths
ridge purlin	The beams connecting rafter to rafter at the apex.
emission unit	An instrument created under law that can be bought and sold and used to meet an entity's obligations under an emissions trading scheme
mound planting	Setting out young trees on raised microsites.
multiple use forest management	the management of a forest area for a balanced range of different benefits, for example wood production, recreation, water catchment protection, preservation of flora and fauna and landscape
river	A natural stream of water of considerable volume, larger than a brook or creek.
a one-year-old seedling.	Semis de l'année
relative humidity	The ratio of the amount of moisture in the air, to the maximum amount of moisture that air would contain if it were saturated
iucn	World Conservation Union.
walk test	The walk test is designed to determine the ability to carry out light duties
free on board	Refers to a named point to which the seller will deliver and load lumber on board transportation equipment at no additional charge to the buyer
emergency operations center	A pre-designated facility established by an agency or jurisdiction to coordinate the overall agency or jurisdictional response and support to an emergency.
specific conductance	a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current as measured using a 1-cm cell and expressed in units of electrical conductance, i.e., Siemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius
forest improvement	NULL
local responsibility area	Lands on which neither the state nor the federal government has any legal responsibility for providing fire protection.
hinge	A mechanical device that connects two solid objects, allowing rotation between them.
microorganism	A general term for a unicellular or multicellular microscopic organism
windthrow	Uprooting by the wind
nutrients	Mineral or organic substances (elements or chemical compounds) that plants and animals require for normal growth and activity
nongame wildlife	wildlife species that are protected by state wildlife laws and can not be hunted. Examples include songbirds, eagles, etc.
model	Theoretical abstraction, usually capable of mathematical manipulation, used to evaluate a problem or a subject of interest (22).
stakeholder	Any individual or group who may be affected, impacted or has an interest in the issue or proposal
planetary boundary layer	That part of the earth's lower atmosphere that is directly influenced by the presence of the earth's surface and responds to surface forcings such as fronts, friction, evapotranspiration and convective mixing.
broadcast fertilizing	The scattering of fertilizer or other mixture more or less evenly over an area.
nontidal wetlands	wetlands not affected by ocean tides
fire weather station	A meteorological station specially equipped to measure weather elements that have an important effect on fire behavior.
seedling	A tree, usually less than 2 inches diameter at breast height.
clevis	U-shaped metal fitting, with a pin connecting the two ends, used for connecting cables and rigging (22)
bond	The union of materials by adhesives.
evapotranspiration	The sum of evaporation and transpiration, which is the total of water vapor that is released to atmosphere from plants and land surface.
kiln dried	Lumber that has been dried in a kiln (See Kiln).
diurnal	Pertaining to organisms that are active during the day.
laminated wood	A "piece" of wood built up of plies or layers that have been joined; either with glue or mechanical fastenings
forest management plan	Written guidelines for current and future management practices needed to meet an owner's objectives.
regeneration initiation	The year in which the new crop is deemed to be started at an acceptable stocking level, whether by planting, natural or artificial seeding, or by vegetative means.
volunteer firefighter	Legally enrolled firefighter under the fire department organization laws who devotes time and energy to community fire service without compensation other than Worker's Compensation or other similar death and injury benefits.
eutrophic	A water system high in nutrients with high organic production
that feeds on wood.	Lignivore
workability	The degree of ease and smoothness of cut obtainable with hand or machine tools.
xylem	Vascular tissue of the outer wood that conducts water and nutrients from the roots to the upper part of the tree.
style or stile	A vertical member of a door's framework attached to the horizontal rails.
cap and trade	A cap and trade system is an emissions trading system, where total emissions are limited or ‘capped'
base plan	In landscape architecture, an essential sheet showing site boundaries and significant site features, used as a basis for subsequent plan development.
hook	A tooth form that has evenly spaced teeth, wide gullets, and a positive rake angle.
pest	Any organism that causes injury or loss to a forest
pitch pocket	A pocket of resinous sap confined within the grain of many conifers.
surface tension	the attraction of molecules to each other on a liquid's surface
null	regarnissage
dynamic model	A mathematical formulation describing and simulating the physical behavior of a system or a process and its temporal variability.
above-ground biomass	All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage.
easement	The legal grant of right-of-use to an area of designated private property.
nzeur	See New Zealand Emission Unit Register.
mixing	A random exchange of air parcels on any scale from the molecular to the largest eddy.
stationary energy	Energy other than that used in transport
riser	The vertical piece between two stair steps.
resinous	See conifer.
shellac	Resin flakes dissolved in alcohol used as a finish for wood.
accuracy assessment point	A location where accuracy assessment data are collected
annex b	The developed countries (sometimes referred to as parties) listed in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol that have agreed to a target for their greenhouse-gas emissions in the period 2008-12
machine availability	See machine time.
nutrification	Increased inputs, viewed as a pollutant, such as phosphorous or nitrogen, that fuel abnormally high organic growth in aquatic systems.
cancellation	In relation to an emission unit, means the transfer of a unit in to a cancellation account
carbon budget	Comparative evaluation of the amount of carbon stored in natural forests (sinks) and the amount emitted by them (sources), which is undertaken to determine whether the forests are sequestering more carbon than they are emitting to the atmosphere
rake	The angle at which the leading edge of the teeth are cut on a saw blade.
community	a group of people with collective, common goals
agenda 21	A major result of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
cuticle	(Bionaty) Surface tissue layer of the cap of fungi
irrigation	Applying water or wastewater to land areas to supply the water and nutrient needs of plants.
boards	Lumber two-inches or more wide that is nominally less than two-inches thick
full-sib family	NULL
machine stress-rated	Lumber that has been evaluated by mechanical stress rating equipment; each piece is nondestructively tested and marked to indicate the modulus of elasticity
det	Double End Trimmed
nonindustrial private forestland	woodland owned by a private individual, group, or corporation not involved in wood processing
ground truth	Verification at the site of what has been observed and/or measured from aircraft, satellites, other aerial platforms, aerial photographs, or maps.
surface tension	The elastic-like force at the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the surface area and causing drops to form
cdm	See Clean Development Mechanism.
dimension	Framing lumber; generally applied to lumber when the nominal size is 2 inches thick and 2 or more inches wide
height growth	The increase in height over 5 years or the period between measurements (measured for coniferous trees).
particle	A small element produced mechanically from wood
merchantable	Logs exceeding a minimum size and a minimum usable volume that are suitable for sale (20).
genetic diversity	variation among and within species that is attributable to differences in hereditary material
fungicide	Substance used to kill fungi.
learning objective	A description of the intended outcome of a training class, program, or evolution
percolation	Passage of liquid through a porous body, as movement of water through soil.
jurisdictional agency	The agency having land and resource management responsibility for a specific geographical or functional area as provided by federal, state or local law.
pot planting	Setting out young trees in pot-shaped receptacles having a closed or only perforated end and made of various materials, in which they have been raised from seed or to which they have been transferred from the seed bed.
coppice wood	NULL
null	rejet de souche
poletimber stands	See stand size classes.
cardinal directions	North, south, east, west; used for giving directions and information from the ground or air in describing the fire (e.g., the west flank or east flank, not right flank or left flank).
pi	A constant with the approximate value of 3.14 that represent the ratio between the circumference and the diameter of a circle or cylinder.
rise	The vertical distance from one stair tread to another.
retention harvesting	A silvicultural system designed to retain individual trees or groups of trees to maintain structural diversity over the area of the cutblock.
brad	A small finishing nail up to 1" long.
metamorphosis	All of the changes that an insect undergoes from the egg stage to adult form.
skyline slope	The slant or inclination of the skyline chord, generally expressed as a percent.
needle-feeding	Living in and feeding on needles.
sustainable	The yield of a natural resource that can be produced continually at a given intensity of management is said to be sustainable
improvement cut	An intermediate cut made to improve the form, quality, heath, or wildlife potential of the remaining stand.
power	The real or presumed ability of a person, group or institution to exert force or influence, to make others do their bidding.
spindle	A narrow, turned piece of wood.
international log rule	A formula rule that allows a 1/2 inch taper from each 4 feet of length and allows for 1/16-inch shrinkage for each inch of board thickness
nucleus	A complex spherical body found in most plant, animal, and fungal cells; it is enclosed by a membrane and contains chromosomes.
cdf	California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection
desirable plant species	Species that contribute to management objectives.
gis	The combination of hardware and software used to store and analyze features located on the earth's surface.
precipitation	The liquid equivalent (inches) of rainfall, snow, sleet, or hail collected by storage gages.
parasitoid	An organism that lives at the expense of another (its host); impedes its growth and eventually kills it
apex	Tip or top of an animal or plant structure.
full stocking	NULL
feeding on plant sap.	Succivore
precipitation gauge	Device commonly used to collect and permit measurement of any form of rain and snow sufficiently heavy to have fallen to the earth's surface
null	fratrie
probability forecast	A forecast of the probability of occurrence of one or more of a mutually exclusive set of weather contingencies as distinguished from a series of categorical statements.
paint	Any pigmented liquid or mastic composition designed for application to a substrate in a thin layer that converts to an opaque solid film after application.
inlay	Covers the practice of inletting any one material into another material of different color or composition.
swamp	A wetland with trees.
all widths and lengths	A term used indicating that all widths and lengths of a specified thickness of lumber may be included in a shipment.
mycophagous	Feeding on fungi.
null	régime du taillis-sous-futaie
convective-lift fire phase	The phase of a fire when most of the emissions are entrained into a definite convection column.
alternate	Arranged singly along a twig or shoot
equilibrium moisture content	Moisture content that a fuel particle will attain if exposed for an infinite period in an environment of specified constant temperature and humidity
dirt wiper	Mechanism on a hydraulic cylinder that cleans the cylinder shaft as it moves in and out (23).
vegetation classification	The process of categorizing vegetation into repeatable and consistent elements
heat	Temperatures higher than that of the normal atmosphere, produced by the process of burning or oxidation.
eye splice	Loop formed by bending a rope's end back and splicing it into the line (22).
pw	Paper Wrapped
relay	Use of two or more fire pumps to move water a distance which would require excessive pressures in order to overcome friction loss if only one pump were employed at the source.
group selection	An uneven-aged harvesting method designed to favor intolerant or intermediate species. Trees are generally removed in groups in areas ranging from 1/20-2 acres in size.
hammer drill	A rotary drill with a hammering action
vessel	An axial series of cells that have coalesced to form an articulated tube-like structure of indeterminate length
aspect	The direction towards which a slope faces.
environmental lapse rate	The actual rate of decrease of temperature with elevation.
crown cover	the area covered by the crowns of trees growing closely together, often expressed as a percentage for the combined crown cover of trees in a defined area.
fire resistant clothing	These yellow shirts and green pants are the trademarks of wildland firefighters.
windfirm	the ability of the root system of a tree to withstand wind pressure and keep the tree upright
null	arbre-abri
exile	Enforced or regretted absence from one's country or home; banishment; the captivity of the Jews in Babylon; a person who is expelled, banished or forcibly absent from their country or home, often because of their personal, political, religious or sexual beliefs, or because of their ethnic origin.
stagnant conditions	Atmospheric conditions under which pollutants build up faster than the atmosphere can disperse them.
datum	A mathematical model that describes the size and shape of the ellipsoid (the Earth is not a sphere but an ellipsoid distorted by rotation about its axis, with the globe bulging at the equator and flattened at the poles)
salvage cut	The removal of dead, dying and damaged trees after a natural disaster or insect or disease infestation to utilize the wood before it loses all of its commercial value.
category day	A numerical index related to the ability of the atmosphere to disperse smoke
composition	The proportion of each tree species in a stand expressed as a percentage of the total number, basal area, or volume of all tree species in the stand.
ecozone	An area of the Earth's surface representing large and very generalized ecological units characterized by interacting abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors.
casebearer	Any of numerous insects that hide under a case, a shelter made by cutting and tying pieces of leaf together with silk; they feed and move around within this shelter
ring-barking	Removing a narrow strip of bark (only), all around a living stem, in order to stimulate flowering or to girdle it; or a felled stem or a log, for under-bark diameter measurement.
isotherm	A line connecting points of equal temperature on a weather map.
radiant heat flux	The amount of heat flowing through a given area in a given time, usually expressed as calories/square centimeter/second.
fungicide	Chemical that kills fungi; used to control fungal diseases in greenhouses and nurseries (17).
succession	The orderly and predictable replacement of one plant community by another over time in the absence of disturbance.
h&m	Hit and Miss
actual dimensions	The exact measurements of a piece of lumber
situational awareness	An on-going process of gathering information by observation and by communication with others
saproxylophilous	Living on rotting wood.
suitability	The appropriateness of certain resource management to an area of land. Suitability can be determined by environmental and economic analysis of management practices
grey market	In the New Zealand context, a shorthand term for the emissions trading market for units that cannot be used for compliance with the Kyoto Protocol
anthracnose	Foliar disease characterized by reduced growth of some portions of the lobes and by the development of necrotic lesions between the veins and on the leaf margins; these lesions may spread to the entire leaf and then the buds and, in extreme cases, the twigs.
transplanting board	A simple device having regularly spaced slots for the individual plants so as to ensure proper spacing and lining out in the new bed.
null	lame de râteau
commercial cut	A cutting on a forested property that yields a net income (when product sale receipts exceed cutting cost).
null	douille
critical condition	Thought of as the "worst case" scenario of environmental conditions in the water body in which the loading expressed in the TMDL for the pollutant of concern will continue to meet water quality standards
centrifugal pump	Pump which expels water by centrifugal force through the ports of a circular impeller rotating at high speed
emission standard	A general type of standard that limits the mass of a pollutant that may be emitted by a source
seedling	Young plant that has grown from a seed.
flow duration curve	A graphic representation of the number of times given quantities of flow are equaled or exceeded during a certain period of record.
smallwood	A general term describing small-diameter material (such as what might be removed by a pre-commercial thinning) that is typically unsuitable for commercial roundwood products.
taungya system	NULL
cfc	See Chlorofluorocarbons.
egg shaped.	Ovoïde
evaporation	The transformation of a liquid into a vapor
adaptation fund board	The Adaptation Fund Board manages the IPCC's Adaptation Fund
private space	Space owned or controlled by an individual or group and available to members of the "public" only by permission of the owner or controller
external forcing	External forcing refers to a forcing agent outside the climate system causing a change in the climate system
in	Inch or inches.
line level	A level that hangs from a mason's line; typically used to transfer level elevations from one post to another.
diurnal	Showing a periodic alteration of condition with day and night, such as the fluctuation of air temperature.
rabbet	R/L (RL)
pigment	Any of various biological substances that produce color in the tissues of organisms, especially plants
incident	An occurrence either human-caused or natural phenomenon, that requires action or support by emergency service personnel to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to property and/or natural resources.
field germination	Generally, measure of the percentage, by number, of seeds in a given sample that germinate and produce a seedling, irrespective of subsequent seedling survival.
intergrown knot	One partially or completely Intergrown on one or two faces with the growth rings of the surrounding wood.
tine plough	A plough in which the leading edge of the landside is extended forward and downward as a tine-bearing replaceable sock.
needle	The very narrow, somewhat pointed leaves on some conifers
included sapwood	Areas of light-colored wood, apparently sapwood, found within the portion of stem that has becomes heartwood.
guild management	A method of management by which species are assembled into groups based on similarities in their habitat requirements
spacing control	The act of creating, within the limits of the existing stand, a uniform distribution of trees that provides optimum growing space for each tree by eliminating overcrowding
planning meeting	A meeting held regularly throughout the duration of an incident, to select specific strategies and tactics for incident control operations and to plan for needed service and support
qualification sheet	A written resume of an expert witness used to show that expert's sufficient special expertise in the field.
shaving	A small wood particle of indefinite dimensions developed incidental to certain woodworking operations involving rotary cutter heads usually turning in the direction of the grain.
singularity	A trait marking one phenomenon or aspect as distinct from others; something singular, distinct, peculiar, uncommon or unusual.
silvicultural decision model	NULL
overhaul	Fire department procedure of inspecting premises after extinguishment of fire, to insure that fire is completely out and unable to rekindle before returning control to owner or occupants.