Glossary extracted starting with automatic seeds, with BOW for the domain war and language EN

pilot	A person licensed to navigate ships through channels and fairways in and out of a port/ mooring area.
waste	Equipment and materials (from nuclear operations) which are radioactive and for which there is no further use.
quenching of fluorescence	The loss of fluorescence by causes other than the removal of the exciting radiation, for example, the action of heat, strong oxidizing agents, or strong acids or alkalis.
caliber	The diameter of a bullet, usually expressed in fractions of an inch or millimeters
brail	Ropes leading from the leech (outer edge of a square sail) on both sides of a fore-and-aft, loose-footed sail and through pulley blocks secured on the wooden mast hoops which slid up or down the mast.
interference	any undesired signal that tends to interfere with the desired signal
stirrups	the metal holder for a rider's foot
limbers	Holes cut into the floor timbers of wooden ships on either side of the keelson to allow the free passage for the bilge water to run down to the pump(s) well(s).
decoy target	A countersniper technique that attracts an enemy sniper's fire so as to locate his position and eliminate him.
aggrandizement	To increase the power, wealth, prestige, scope etc
sniper skirmish line	An assigned line on a map showing that a sniper team may manuever up to 1 kilometer from it while stalking, hiding, shooting, and evading
ground	a metallic connection with the earth to establish ground (or earth) potential
senate	The Roman government, made up of senators.
slavic	Characterizing people in eastern and southeastern Europe, including those in Russia and Poland.
provisional government	A temporary government that is established to serve a country until elections can be held and a permanent government takes over.
soviet spies	People engaged in espionage work for the Soviet Union.
taxes	Money or items taken by the government from people, to pay for things like the army, wars, emperor's palaces and building roads.
scroll	Roman book, written on a long strip of paper rolled around a stick.
avenue of approach	A road, path, or open area across which the enemy could advance toward you, depending on whether he's mounted or dismounted
feint	The deceptive technique of creating the impression you are where you are not, or intend to travel a route that you actually will not use.
steady position	the first marksmanship fundamental, which refers to the establishment of a position that allows the weapon to be held still while it is being fire
dysentery	Disease of the intestine caused by bacteria or amoebae normally from the poor water supplied to ships.
subsequent proceedings	Additional war crimes trials decided by United States military tribunals at Nuremberg, Germany, between November 1946 and April 1949
anchor stock	The horizontal crosspiece of an Admiralty pattern anchor. This is set at right angles to the arm of the anchor so that when hitting the bottom it will turn the anchor to bring the arms vertical, thus enabling the anchor flukes to bit into the ground.
schlieren system	An optical system used for visual display of an ultrasonic beam passing through a transparent medium.
new deal	The progressive domestic program from the administration of U.S
spotting scope	A single-lens scope, usually of 20 power or greater and used with a tripod for long-range observation, adjusting the sniper's fire, and reading mirage for wind speed and direction.
stop bath	A mild acetic acid solution used to arrest film development.
recoil	the rearward motion or kick of a gun upon firing
sniper observations sector	Sector assigned exclusively to a sniper team for independent operations and marked on maps by a thick border with SOS on each side
meter	Fundamental unit of distance oin the metric system
charles de gaulle	French general recognized as the leader of the Free French forces by Winston Churchill soon after France's defeat
transition altitude	transition layerGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transition layer
stockweld	The habitual placing of a shooter's cheek at the exact same spot on his stock, shot after shot, so that his eye relief and scope picture become consistent
ballistic coefficient	A number which represents a bullets ability to overcome air resistance
sphere of influence	A territorial area that is under the political, military, and/or economic influence of a different nation.
secondary radiation	Particles or rays produced by the interaction of any type of primary radiation with matter, e.g
empire	A large area with many people ruled by one strong leader, called an emperor.
ballistics	a science that deals with the motion and flight characteristics of projectiles
committee on economic security	A temporary agency created in 1934 as part of U.S
tactical warning and assessment	tactical warning and attack assessmentGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical warning and attack assessment
logarithmic decrement	The natural logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of two successive cycles in a damped wave train.
tow	toxic chemical, biological, or radiological attackGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – toxic chemical, biological, or radiological attack
forum	An open space in the middle of a town for markets and meeting people (like a market square)
supported position	any position that uses something other than the body to steady the weapon (artificial support)
terminal phase	terminal velocityGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terminal velocity
chronograph	An ellectronic device used to measure the velocity of a bullet in flight.
coterie	Small exclusive group of friends with a common interest. Clique.
atlantic charter	A joint declaration issued by British prime minister Winston Churchill and U.S
grog	A mixture of one part rum to three parts water, the standard daily drink of the era of the Halsewell and Earl of Abergavenny.
hooghly river	The most westerly and most important channel of the Ganges River, leading to Calcutta, India founded by the English in c
point-blank range	Exploiting the flat phase of a particular bullet's trajectory so a shooter can hit targets with almost no high or low holds.
crack and thump	a method to determine the general direction and distance to an enemy firer who is shooting at you
threatcon delta	THREATCONSGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – THREATCONS
beam ends	When the ship is on its beam ends the deck beams are almost vertical i.e
4 positions	Standing, kneeling, sitting, prone
cold war	A state of political rivalry and tension existing between the Western Allies (favoring democratically elected governments and independent European states) and the Soviet Union (striving for a Soviet-influenced bloc of communist countries)
minute of angle	An angular width normally used to describe shooting and scope adjustments since 1 MOA almost exactly equals 1 inch at 100 yards, 2/200, etc.
jamming	deliberate interference intended to prevent reception of signals in a specific frequency band
sector of influence	An area of partitioned Germany occupied and administered by one of the Allied powers (France, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, or the United States) directly after the Nazi surrender in May 1945.
joint efficiency	The strength of a welded joint expressed as a percentage of the strength of the unwelded base metal.
berlin wall	A physical barrier constructed out of concrete, topped with barbed wire, and supplemented with land mines and armed guards that visibly divided Berlin into eastern and western sectors
strigil	A metal object used in Roman baths to scrape sweat, dirt and excess oil off.
standard conditions	The set of atmospheric conditions, at a single altitude, used in ballistic calculations
cs	a chemical agent (tear gas)
3-2t radiography	Quality level of radiography in which the finished radiograph displays a discernible image of a penetrameter hole that has a diameter equal to twice the penetrameter thickness
root	The innermost part of a stress concentration, such as the bottom of a thread or groove.
sounding	Measuring the depth of water.
intensifying screen	A layer of material placed in contact with the film to increase the effect of the radiation, thus shortening the exposure.
water path	In immersion testing or with a water column, the distance from the transducer face to the test object’s front surface.
devils	The name given to iron nails/fastenings which had copper heads. These were used to deceive the purchaser of the vessel who would have specified the use of 100% copper fastenings.
tilt angle	time and frequency standardGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – time and frequency standard
canting	Turning or dipping the barrel slightly right or left, usually as the result of a bad sight picture or improperly mounted scope
pawl	(PAUL HEAD, CATCH PAUL) Parts of a mechanism which stops something like a Capstan or Winch from over running. Sometimes sprung such that the mechanism will lock if reversed and may only turn one way.
form factor	A multiplier which relates the shape of a bullet to the shape of a standard bullet
keyhole	The imprint of a bullet on a target indicating that the bullet was not travelling point on at impact
russian civil war	A conflict that occurred in Russia after the Bolsheviks seized control of the country in 1917, lasting until 1920
traverse level	traverse racking test load valueGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – traverse racking test load value
leeward	The direction in which the wind blows. Down wind. 'Lee' shore is down wind of the vessel. 'Leeway' making sure a vessel is not too close to a lee shore.
muzzle brake	A recoil-reducing device attached to the barrel that deflects blast down or backwards to 'pull' the rifle slightly forward
two-film technique	A procedure wherein two films of different relative speeds are used simultaneously to radiograph both the thick and the thin sections of an item.
kremlin	A fortified area of Moscow and the seat of political power in the Soviet Union
top	A platform at the masthead to which shrouds are attached to extend the topmast.
parasitic echo	See spurious echo.
home secretary	A cabinet-level position in the government of Great Britain, the home secretary is the minister who serves as secretary of state for the country’s Home Office, the government department that handles immigration, counterterrorism, and the police.
deportment	The manner in which a person behaves.
field of view	The angular measurementof how wide an area can be observed through an optical device
thulium 170	A radioisotope of the element thulium.
mil	An angular measurement equal to 1/6400 of a circle or 3.375 minutes of angle
staysail	A triangular fore-and-aft sail that is set by being hanked to a stay. They are set both in square-rigged and fore-and-aft rigged ships, and take their names from the stay on which they are set, e.g
gulag	A system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union, often located in a remote areas, which were overseen by the Soviet secret police
thermal x-rays	thermonuclear weaponGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – thermonuclear weapon
telling	temperature gradientGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – temperature gradient
amphitheatre	A place like a stadium, where Romans went to watch animals and people fighting.
assiduity	Constant and close application; devoted attention.
transmission characteristics	Test object characteristics that influence the passage of ultrasonic energy, including scattering, attenuation or surface conditions.
position snipers prefer	prone (most stable)
lock time	the amount of time between the sear releasing the firing pin and its striking a cartridge's primer
foundations	Firm base for a road or building.
tanker	Ships fitted with tanks for transporting oil or other fluids in bulk.
doping the wind	A competitive shooter's term, meaning to estimate the wind accurately and adjust sights for correct compensation.
zero	The adjustment of an optical or open sight so that a bullet precisely hits a target at a given distance
terrorist threat conditions	terroristGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terrorist
point of impact	That point which the bullet strikes.
acropolis [a-crop-olis]	The Acropolis is a large hill in the centre of Athens
mid-range trajectory	The point in the trajectory halfway between the muzzle and the point of aim.
british empire	A term used to describe the territories that were under the control of the British government, based in London, England
permanent wound channel	The path of permanent tissue damage left by a bullet, usually an inch or 2 in diameter
hoy	Small vessel, rigged as a sloop, used for coastal traffic and for ferrying stores from shore to vessels in port.
wall of green	The maximum distance you can see in a rural area, depending on thickness and breaks in the vegetation
chancellor of the exchequer	The title held by the senior finance minister in Great Britain
supplicatory	To make a humble request to someone (in this case God); plead; to ask for or seek humbly.
time-to-go	timesGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – times
battleship	A type of large, heavily armored warship of the second half of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century armed with heavy-caliber guns, designed to fight other battleships in a line of battle
decay	The gradual reduction of the quantity of some substance or energy form to zero.
shrouds	The standing rigging of a sailing vessel that gives a mast its lateral support. 'Stays' give fore-and-aft support.
shooting platform	A bench or table constructed so a sniper can fire prone through an upper-story window from deep inside a room.
gallipoli	A port city in Turkey; also the name for the peninsular region in northwestern Turkey that juts into the Aegean Sea and is also bordered by the Dardanelles strait
shear horizontal wave	A shear wave in which the particle vibration is parallel to the incidence surface
bench rest	A solid table or bench used to support a firearm, thus mimizing human error
probe index	The point on a shear wave or surface wave transducer through which the emergent beam axis passes.
remote sensors	Remotely monitored sensors emplaced by hand, air, or artillery
shallow discontinuity	A discontinuity open to the surface of a solid object which possesses little depth in proportion to the width of this opening
unidirectional	in one direction only
round	may refer to a complete cartridge or to the bullet
energy	The amount of potential energy a bullet can deliver at various distances is expressed in foot-pounds.
premium-grade ammunition	Commercial rifle loads of closer tolerance and therefore closer to true match grade loads than typical ammo.
holdover	The distance a shooter must aim high to obtain the desired point of impact when the sight is adjusted for a lesser range.
t-day	table of allowanceGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – table of allowance
catastrophic brain shot	A special one-shot-kill to the brain stem or neural motor strips which kills so instantly that body reflexes cannot react.
chain plate	The metal fittings secured to the sides of the ship, to which the shrouds are set up.
trawler	A type of fishing vessel, boats which fish with a trawl or drag net.
mess	A place where service personnel/sailors eat or take recreation.
frangible bullets	Bullet design intended to completely fragment upon impact and thus impart 100 percent of energy into the target
portability	transportability approval
tactical air control center	tactical air control groupGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical air control group
aide-de-camp	A military officer who serves as an assistant to a superior military officer.
hot cracks	Appear as ragged dark lines of variable width and numerous branches internally or at the surface.
temperate	Mild in quality and character.
sniper team	Usually a two-man team of qualified snipers, with one man acting as spotter while the other snipes, and rotating responsibilities
ghillie suit	Elaborately camouflaged coverall originally used by Scottish gameskeepers to catch poachers, adopted for use by snipers
military crest	The area along a ridgeline just below its actual crest, preferred by military units for occupation or movement because soldiers will not be silhouetted against sky.
eye relief	The distance between a shooter's dominant eye and the rear (ocular) scope lens from which he can clearly see the entire scope field of view
spotter	A trained sniper and member of a two-man sniper team who helps the sniper detect and identify targets, then adjust his fire on the target
time of flight	The time for an acoustic wave to travel between two points, Fro example, the time required for a pulse to travel from the transmitter to the receiver via diffraction at a discontinuity edge or along the surface of the test object.
stylus	A metal pen for scratching words into soft wax on wooden tablets.
spherical wave	A wave in which points of the same phase lie on surfaces of concentric spheres.
video presentation	A cathode ray tube presentation in which radiofrequency signals have been rectified and usually filtered.
fieldcraft	A subject that teaches the use of natural and artificial cover when crossing different types of ground; it includes concealment and silent alertness
fluted barrel	A barrel on which thin grooves have been cut along its outside, long axis
sign	Tracking term meaning any indicator of human activity, from a footprint to a candy wrapper.
frigate	A light swift vessel powered by oar or sail or a fast-sailing merchantman or a sailing warship carrying 28-60 guns or a general purpose warship with mixed armament usually lighter than a destroyer, designed for convoy work.
orienting a map	To make its directions coincide with directions on the ground.
division	The principal army formation comprising infantry or cavalry (or more recently tanks, or a mixture of infantry or tanks) with such supporting troops as artillery, engineers, signals
dominant eye	The ability of one eye to focus more intensely than the other, causing the second eye to compensate by slightly misaligning itself.
tactical digital information link	tactical diversionGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical diversion
bullet stability	The tendency of a bullet to maintatin a stable attitude in flight rather than tumbling
target detection	A series of observation techniques the sniper team uses to pick out concealed or obscured targets.
bear down	Approach anything from windward.
bullet path	The location of the bullet above or below the line of sight
rosin	Also called 'Colophony'. A translucent, brittle amber substance produced in the distillation of crude turpentine 'oleoresin' and used for making vanish. 'Oleoresin' is a semi solid mixture of a resin and essential oil obtained from certain plants.
2 types of scopes	fixed-power and zoom
second front	The engagement of an enemy in an additional combat zone distinct from the first, intended to stress the opponent’s resources and manpower
range card	small chart on which ranges and directions to various targets and other important points in the area under fire are recorded
wing	A Canadian Forces wing is the air-force equivalent of a base, except that where the base is a support structure, the wing is an operational entity.
hardball bullet	Also called "full metal jacket" or "metal case" this bullet design uses a hard metal covering over a lead core so the round does not expand upon impact, as required by the Geneva Convention - all military ammunition is this.
totalitarianism	The practice, in government, of exercising absolute authority over a country by one political group, or by a dictator.
back azimuth detection technique	A technique to identify an enemy sniper's position by inserting a cleaning rod or dowel into his bullet hole and noting the trajectory from which it was fired.
kentucky windage	A vintage American frontier term, meaning to hold rifle sights right or left of a target to compensate for effect of a crosswind.
ground surveillance radar vectoring	Using friendly radar to detect enemy forces in darkness, then maneuvering night vision equipped friendly snipers either into position to engage the enemy or around the enemy if his forces are too numerous.
sog	Using the cover name "studies and observatory group," this was the US military's top-secret unconventional warfare task force during the vietnam war, composed mostly of US Army Green Berets used in cross-border intelligence forays and raids into Laos, Cambodia, and North Vietnam
eye relief	the distance from the firing eye to the rear sight; eye relief is a function of stock weld
kedge	Smallest of the anchors. Used in mooring to keep the vessel steady and clear of her bower anchor while in harbours and rivers, particularly at the turn of the tide. Also used to move the vessel in harbours by dropping the anchor from a smaller boat in the desired position and pulling the vessel to the anchor using a rope and windless.
absorbed does	The amount of energy, imparted to matter by an ionizing particle per unit mass of irradiated material at the place of interest
rimless cartridge	A high-powered rifle cartridge whose base is no wider than the cartidge's side, a design which facilitates feeding into the chamber - US and NATO rounds are rimless.
liner	A vessel belonging to a line of passenger ships.
transport area	transport control center (air transport)Glossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transport control center (air transport)
ironclad	A steam-propelled warship protected by iron or steel armor plates of the period from 1859 until the 1890s (when the term "ironclad" fell out of use).
ballistics	The study of projectiles (bullets) in motion.
battleship	Warship of the most heavily armed and armoured class, of sufficient size to take part in a main attack.
uprising	The attack that began August 1, 1944, by forty thousand members of the underground Polish Home Army against the Nazi forces occupying Warsaw, the former capital of Poland
unsupported position	any position that requires the firer to hold the weapon steady using only his body (bone support)
serried	Close together like a terrace of houses.
puppet government	Nominally sovereign systems ruling a country that are, in actuality, under the influence of another nation.
boat-tail bullet	An aerodynamic bullet design shaped like a boat, with a pointed tip and gradually tapered to a flat base
rbe dose	Relative biological effectiveness
demarcation line	The boundary of a certain territorial area
aqueduct	A system of pipes and channels used to bring water into towns.
battery	Battery (electricity)
disarmament	The reduction, limitation, or abolishment of a nation’s military forces.
long boat	The largest boat belonging to a sailing ship, carvel-built with high sides, capable of carrying a ship's gun in the bows and fitted with a mast and sails for short journeys. Used primarily for provisioning, for transporting water casks for refilling, and as a lifeboat.
rapid incapacitation	Term used by FBI to describe the need for a bullet to disable a suspect quickly so he no longer can resist apprehension or pose a threat.
hirohito	Emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989
russian revolution	The 1917 overthrow of Russia’s czarist autocracy, led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks
point of aim	the exact spot on a target the rifle sights are aligned with
tnt equivalent	TOIGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – TOI
boundary echo	Reflection of an ultrasonic wave from an interface.
detachment	A group of Land Force units not collocated with the base that supports them.
hot cell	A heavily shielded enclosure in which radioactive materials can be handled remotely through the use of manipulators and viewed through shielded windows so that there is no danger to personnel.
concealment	Bushes, ditches, etc., that offer concealment from observation, but not always protection from fire
target	targetingGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – targeting
pitch-catch	A term describing a test method in which the ultrasonic energy is emitted by one transducer and received by another on the same or opposite surface.
theater of focus	theater of operationsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – theater of operations
hank	A small ring or hoop of metal by which the luff of a jib or staysail is bent (attached) to the stays of a sailing vessel.
range finder	An optical/mechanical device to determine the range to a target, which which there are 3 basic types.
toi	tolerance doseGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tolerance dose
cross talk	The unwanted signal leakage (acoustical or electrical) across and intended barrier, such as leakage between the transmitting and receiving elements of a dual transducer
bow	Front of the ship.
root penetration	The depth to which weld metal extends into the root of a joint.
reparations	Payments required as compensation for war damages, paid by a defeated country to another country or countries
target identification	The sniper's ability to identify a detected target and thus determine the target's priority
positional shooting	The correct practice of firing from 1 of 4 positions for max
barge	A small seagoing vessel with sails or a flat bottomed freight-boat or lighters for canals, river and harbours or a ceremonial vessel of state propelled by oars or an ornamental houseboat or a small boat used for the conveyance of officers, usually those of warships.
terminal	terrain analysisGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terrain analysis
trappings	The accessories/adornments that characterize (or symbolize) your status in life or office.
contingent	A group of units formed to go on deployment.
objective lens	The front/forward lens of an optical device
works progress administration	Part of president Franklin D
satellite government	A group responsible for the political administration of a country that is under the influence of another nation’s government.
terrorism	terrorist groupsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terrorist groups
dipole	a radio antenna consisting of two horizontal rods in line with each other with their ends slightly separated
benevolence	Inclination or tendency to help or do well to others; charity; act of kindness.
sh wave	See shear horizontal wave.
cradle	a vise-like mechanism that holds a weapon in a secured position during test firing
authenticity	Of undisputed origin or authorship; genuine; accurate in representation.
tribe	A group of people who live in one part of a country and are ruled by a chief.
cat head	A piece of heavy timber, securely fastened to the bulwark on the outside of each side of the bow, to which the top of the anchor is slung, attached to the cat. It permitted the anchor to swing free of the hull of the ship when in use.
recon by fire	A countersniper technique in which friendly snipers fire several rounds into the most likely enemy sniper hides in hopes of hitting him by chance.
combined chiefs of staff	A joint committee of American and British military authorities (the U.S
treaty of versailles	A treaty signed on June 28, 1919, at the end of World War I, between the Allied powers and Germany
lend-lease	A program enacted into law by the U.S
catapult	A machine that threw rocks or burning tar at the enemies
battle of britain	The deadly air encounters between Great Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe (air force) between July 1940 and June 1941
multiaxial stresses	Any stress state in which two or three principal stresses are not zero.
gaff	A spar to which the head of a fore and aft main sail is bent. The gaff topsail is a triangular sail with the head extended on a 'gaff' which is set from, or hoisted on a topmast; it is clewed out to the peak of the main gaff.
cinerary	A place for keeping the ashes of the dead after cremation.
relative biological effectiveness	The relative effectiveness of a given kind of ionizing radiation in producing a biological response as compared with 250,000 electron volt gamma rays.
politburo	The executive committee of the Soviet Union’s Communist Party, this organization made decisions regarding the USSR’s political, economic, and military affairs.
bushcraft	Any aspects of field training that employ the skills required to camp comfortably out of doors.
sniper data card	A detailed record of ballistic data, developed and periodically modified, on the performance of a particular sniper rifle while used by a particular sniper
drag bag	A heavily camouflaged rifle case dragged behind a low-crawling sniper in a Ghillie Suit so he has both hands free for picking his way through brush.
elevation adjustment	rotating the front sight post to cause the bullet to strike the higher or lower on the target
resection	A method of determining your location by taking compass bearings on two known locations.
k-electron capture	Electron capture by a nucleus of an electron from the "K" or innermost shell of electrons surrounding it
conspicuous	Attracting attention because of a striking quality or feature; clearly visible; obvious.
collimator	Boresight
trajectory	the path of the bullet as it travels to the target
internal ballistics	A bullet's acceleration and travel in a rifle's chamber and barrel.
parliament	Great Britain’s legislative body.
paranoid	A mental disorder characterized by being excessively worried, suspicious, or delusional.
eulogium	To praise (a person or thing) highly in speech or writing.
typical lock-time	0.0022 to 0.0057 of a second
windage	The amount of sight correction applied to compensate for wind deflection.
type unit data file	type unitGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – type unit
cartridge	A complete unit of ammunition consisting of case, powder, primer, and bullet
shear wave transducer	An angle beam transducer designed to cause converted shear waves to propagate at a nominal angle in a specified test medium.
focused transducer	A transducer that produces a focused sound beam.
technical assistance	technical characteristicsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – technical characteristics
command	The lawful authority that a leader exerts over subordinates by virtue of rank and appointment
zero range	The range where the bullet path crosses the line of sight
beanbag	An old sock or small cloth bag filled with a dry material such as sand and placed below a rifle butt's heel so it can be squeezed to lower or elevate the rifle for precise aiming.
port	Left-hand side of the vessel. In the Dalmeida reference it refers to the fact that the ship was not horizontal, but was leaning to the left. This is still the situation with the wreck today.
polish-soviet agreement	A document signed on July 30, 1941 by representatives from Poland and the Soviet Union, in which the USSR recognized the Polish government-in-exile and agreed that Polish prisoners-of-war taken by the Soviets during the 1939 invasion of Poland would be released.
progressive reforms	In a political sense, efforts to institute change and make improvements to existing systems by improving conditions for workers, the elderly, children, and the mentally ill, among other groups.
hapsburg empire	A territorial area in Europe ruled by a noble German family with the surname Hapsburg
election	Process where people vote to choose the people they want to be in charge.
silencer	Obsolete term for a suppressor, no longer used because no device totally silences a firearm.
drag	The retarding force on a bullet caused by air resistance.
elevation	The vertical ajustment of the sight to move the tajectory of the bullet to the desired point of impact.
immediate incapacitation	Desired effect of a bullet fired during a hostage rescue operation so that the subject instantly is incapable of firing a weapon or otherwise endangering anyone.
terminal control area	terminal controlGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terminal control
belligerent	A nation at war.
quarter-wave antenna	an antenna with an electrical length that is equal to one-quarter wavelength of the signal being transmitted or received
transport aircraft	transport areaGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transport area
instructor	Any cadet, guest lecturer, civilian instructor or Cadet Instructor Cadre Officer who is charged with the responsibility of instructing cadets during a period of instruction.
relative brightness	Term describing the ability of an optical device to transmit light
scuttle	Hatch cut into the ship's side/deck to let in air/light. 'Fore scuttle' would be at the front of the ship.
total dosage attack	total materiel assetsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – total materiel assets
mass	The quantity of matter in an object, in simple terms the weight of an object
tbilisi	The largest city in, and oftentimes capital of, the country of Georgia.
great depression	The name given to an economic crisis that struck much of the world mostly during the 1930s, characterized by a sharp drop in currencies and mass unemployment
line of departure	An imaginary line extending from the centerline of the bore.
ocular lens	The rear/back lens or eyepiece of an optical device.
crown	Approximately five shilling (old money) or twenty five pence today. Half a crown being half the amount.
tactical warning/attack assessment	tacticsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactics
terminal operations	terminal phaseGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terminal phase
bullet drop compensator	A knob mounted atop a riflescope by which the shooter can adjust elevation without rezeroing the weapon so that he can fire quickly at varying distances and aim directly at target instead of "holding."
salient	In military terms, a protrusion of forces into enemy territory, so that a group bulges out from the main line and is surrounded by opposing forces on three sides
aloft	Anywhere about the upper yards, masts and rigging of a ship i.e
training officer	The officer filling the position of training officer who is responsible for the planning and coordination of all activities.
projectile	An object in motion
icicles	A coalescence of meal beyond the root of the weld.
minute of angle	Unit of measurement equal to 1/60 of a degree
zones of occupation	The four areas of partitioned Germany occupied and administered by the Allied powers (France, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States) immediately after the Nazi surrender in May 1945
trajectory	The path of a bullet in flight.
straight beam	An ultrasonic wave traveling normal to the test surface.
wavelength	the distance a wave travels during one complete cycle; it is equal to the velocity divided by the frequency
tennessee elevation	To compensate or "hold" high or low to hit targets beyond or short of a rifle's zero--the trajectory correlation to Kentucky windage.
clinker built	A method of building the hull of a boat in which the lower edge of each side plank overlaps the upper edge of the one below. Normally only used on smaller boats because this type of construction causes added friction when the boat progresses through the water.
tactical warning	tactical warning/attack assessmentGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical warning/attack assessment
technical supply operations	technical surveillance countermeasuresGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – technical surveillance countermeasures
goose necking	The undesirable practice of stretching one's head up above the rifle cheekrest (and thereby losing the stockweld) in order to see through a scope
promiscuous	Consisting of a number of dissimilar parts or elements mingled in a confused or indiscriminate manner; casual; heedless; indiscriminate in selection.
reinforcement of weld	(1) In a butt joint, weld metal on the face of the weld that extends out beyond a surface plane common to the members being welded; (2) in a fillet weld, weld metal that contributes to convexity; (3) in a flash , upset or gas pressure weld, the original diameter or thickness.
decrepit	Enfeebled by old age or infirm. Broken down or worn out by over use.
hold	Compensating for wind or elevation by purposely aiming high/low or right/left instead of changing the setting on your scope
time-sensitive targets	time-to-goGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – time-to-go
chief of staff	In the U.S
foot-pound	The amount of energy required to lift 1 point 1 foot.
underground groups	Resistance groups that fought for their nation’s independence
tactical air support element	tactical air supportGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical air support
emphatically	To stress in a forceful manner.
transportation system	transporting (ordnance)Glossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transporting (ordnance)
transportation emergency	transportation feasibilityGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transportation feasibility
calling a shot	The practice of "calling" where your shot impacted just after firing but prior to observing it through a spotting scope.
lignum vitae	A very hard wood of the guaiacum tree, grown in the West Indies. Used for amongst other things for blocks and pulley sheaves because of its strength and natural lubrication.
white wash	Formal examination of an Officers' qualifications.
2.2 t radiography	Quality level of radiography displays a discernible image of a penetrameter hole that has a diameter equal to twice the penetrameter thickness
sheathing	Basically a covering applied to the hull of a vessel to protect it from wood boring worms. The most common and successful sheathing was copper introduced in the mid 18th century.
infrared scope	A night observation device which needs an infrared light for illumination (active)
joint operations	An operation whereby two or more elements of one nation's military
vector field	See resultant.
drift	Deviation from a projectiles path of flight caused by it's rotation or spin
terrorist	test depthGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – test depth
lunar society	The 'Land and Underwater Nautical Archaeological Research' Society.
lack of fusion	Discontinuity due to lack of union between weld metal and parent metal.
theater of war	An area of the world involved in warfare
supplementary position	A sniping hide to which the sniper may displace after firing from his primary or alternate positions
hold	Large compartment below decks which was used to store the cargo.
pamphlet	A brief publication, often on a subject of current interest, having a paper cover.
hydrogen embrittlement	A condition of low ductility in metals resulting from the absorption of hydrogen.
self-determination	To act or decide without the influence of others, as for citizens to decide the nature of their government without being directed to a course of action by another nation.
beer hall putsch	The name given to the attempt by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party to start an armed revolution against the German government in Munich, Germany, on November 8–9, 1923, which led to Hitler’s arrest and imprisonment.
moa	an angle that would cover 1 inch at a distance of 100 yards, 2 inches at 200 yards, and so on; each click of sight adjustment is equal to one minute of angle
terrestrial environment	terrestrial reference guidanceGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terrestrial reference guidance
touchdown	TOW (missile)Glossary of United States Military words and phrases – – TOW (missile)
furl	Roll, gather, or make up any sail, awning, canvas etc.
free france	The French military movement, commanded by General Charles de Gaulle, who continued to fight against the Axis powers after France had surrendered and was occupied by Germany.
elastic-plastic fracture mechanics	A design approach used for materials that fracture or behave in a “plastic” manner, such as lower strength, high-toughness steels.
condition	task delay tolerance
narrative	An account, report or story of events or experiences. Several small contemporary pamphlets detailing the events of the wreck are described as 'Narratives' and many are reproduced in this historical record.
velocity	The speed at which a bullet travels, in fps
terminal ballistics	That part of a bullet's flight when it strikes and passes through a medium until all energy is depleted, and deals extensively with wounds.
thermonuclear weapon	thermonuclearGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – thermonuclear
re-caulking	To replace oakum or rope that is forced between the seams of a ship's hull/deck planks to ensure there is no leakage. Once in place the gap between the planks is further sealed with hot pitch to limit the oakum/rope from rotting.
cruise ship	A passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way
tactical air support	tactical air transport operationsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical air transport operations
b-scan	A data presentation method applied to pulse echo techniques
transportation operating agencies	transportation prioritiesGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transportation priorities
r-meter	An ionization-type instrument designed to measure radiation dose.
reticle	Another word for "crosshair," the post, dot, or intersecting lines in a scope.
twist	The rate of spiral of the rifling grooves in a barrel, expessed as revolution per inches.
theater	theater-assigned transportation assetsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – theater-assigned transportation assets
operation overlord	The codename for the invasion of Nazi-occupied northwest France by Allied forces on June 6, 1944, in Normandy, France
fortitude	Strength and firmness of mind.
effective wind	the average of all the varying winds encountered
victuals	Supplies for the vessel, food, spares, armament etc. 'Victualler' - The person who organises the supplies.
velocity	The speed of a projectile, usually expressed in fps.
sector of fire	An assigned area into which a sniper places his fire
leadership	As defined by the Canadian Forces: "The art of influencing human behaviour in order to accomplish a task in the manner desired by the leader."
glass bedding	Applying liquid fiberglass or epoxy between a rifle's action/receiver and the stock for the snuggest possible fit
nazi	An abbreviation of the Nationalsozialistische deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party), a right-wing and nationalistic political party in Germany originally formed in 1919
deindustrialization	The reduction of a country’s industrial, or manufacturing, power.
task unit	task-organizingGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – task-organizing
line of sight	A straight line throught the sights to the point of impact.
tone burst	A wave train consisting of several cycles of the same frequency.
knot	A piece of knotted string fastened to the log-line, one of a series fixed at such intervals (every 47 feet 3 inches) that the number of them that run out while a 28-second sand-glass is running indicates the ship's speed in nautical miles per hour, or 'knot's'.
aulos [ow-los]	A wind instrument with a reed similar to a modern oboe.
ballistic advantage	A concept whereby a sniper should seek engagements only when he's at least 400 yards away from his quarry and beyond the effective range of the enemy riflemen.
times	tipGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tip
threatcon charlie	THREATCON DELTAGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – THREATCON DELTA
eastern bloc	Countries in Eastern Europe that came under the influence of the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II (also called the Communist Bloc or Soviet Bloc)
temperature gradient	tempestGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tempest
bull's-eye target	any target with a round black circle and scoring rings Normally used in competitive marksmanship training
no fire area	An artillery fire planning term, meaning an area in which no fire may be placed without the permission of the unit which created it.
terrorist groups	terrorist threat conditionsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terrorist threat conditions
relevant indication	In nondestructive testing, an indication from a discontinuity requiring evaluation.
transit route	transit zoneGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transit zone
meed	A recompense or reward
rimmed cartridge	A cartridge, most often .22, whose base is wider than its side, which simplifies extraction.
tied on	tilt angleGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tilt angle
target list	target materialsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – target materials
technical analysis	technical assistanceGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – technical assistance
guard boat	A boat which makes the rounds of a fleet at anchor to see that due watch is kept at night.
breath control	a marksmanship fundamental; refers to the control of breathing to help keep the rifle steady during firing
sectional density	The ratio of a bullets weight in pounds to the square of its diameter in inches.
lead	The side width of a human body--about 12 inches--used to estimate how far a sniper should lead a moving target
primary position	The hide a sniper initially uses in a deliberate defense, from which he can engage targets in an assigned sector of fire.
foot pound	A unit of kinetic energy defined as the effort required to raise 1 pound 1 foot against the force of gravity.
contingency	The UN or NATO mandate for an operational mission.
resonance method	A method using the resonance principle for determining velocity, thickness or presence or laminar discontinuities.
knee	A piece of timber shaped in a right angle, often naturally so, that in used to secure parts of a ship together, especially to connect the beams and the timbers. A hanging knee lies beneath and supports the ends of the deck beams; a lodging knee fastens the forward side of a ship's beam to the ship's side; and a bosom knee the after side of the beam to the ship's side. In the Halsewell the knees were wood. In the Earl of Abergavenny the knees were made of iron because by 1797 when she was built there was a great shortage of available wood of the correct shape and quality.
stalking	The ability to move silently and invisibly, which incorporates camouflage, selecting the best route to a hide, physical fitness, and self discipline.
backstop	Any material through which your rifle's bullet will not pass located behind target to manage friendly fire risk.
range	Horizontal distance to the target.
keel	The principal piece of timber in a ship (backbone), usually first laid on the blocks in building, to which the stem, sternpost, and ribs are attached.
transit zone	transition altitudeGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transition altitude
touchdown zone	touchdownGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – touchdown
fps	Feet per Second, commonly used measure of velocity.
crimean tatars	An ethnic group living in an area of the Ukraine, whose members were accused by the Soviets of collaborating with the Nazis during World War II
ineffectual	An inadequate effect or having no effect.
free-floated barrel	Barrel which does not touch the rifle's forearm, for better accuracy
ringing time	The time that the mechanical vibrations of a transducer continue after the electrical pulse has stopped.
fleeting target	A target that only exposes itself for a few seconds, then disappears and reappears
hogshead	A large cask for liquids, especially one of a definite size (capacity) that varied for different liquids and commodities and in different localities. Approx 50 gallons
flux density	The number of flux lines per unit of area, measured at right angles to the direction of the flux
primary radiation	Radiation arising directly from the target of an x-ray tube or from a radioactive source.
cutting sign	Tracking term meant to cut back and forth across a quarry's likely route until discovering "sign" of his passage.
western allies	Countries allied, but not necessarily ideologically aligned, with the Soviet Union for the purpose of fighting the Axis powers
leeboard	Early type of drop keel, pivoted at its forward point on each side of a flat bottomed or shallow draft vessel.
cut the mast	Under severe weather conditions, or when the vessel was on its beam ends it was sometimes necessary to cut the upper masts and let them go over the side. The process did not normally involve cutting the mast itself, but cutting or disengaging the shrouds and stays that held the upper masts in place.
luftwaffe	The German air force.
zones of responsibility	Territorial areas that are under the political, military, and/or economic influence of different nations.
uranium 238	spend uranium, an isotope of uranium used for shielding sources
half-wave antenna	an antenna whose electrical length is half the wavelength of the transmitted or received frequency
alternate position	A back-up position selected by a sniper to which he can displace and still shoot into his original Sector of Fire
solvent cleaning	The process of removing the excess penetrant from the surface of a part by washing or wiping with a solvent for the penetrant.
release point	The point along a route at which a subelement or accompanying group leaves the main body to follow its own route.
tally ho	TALOGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – TALO
rabbet	Basically a rebate, an incision in a piece of timber to receive the ends or sides of planks which are to be secured to it. Rabbeted is the verb.
bilge	Lowest point inside the hull of a ship. This is where any water will collect.
engagement sequence	A standard series of steps a sniper takes from the instant he detects a target until he fires
maximum effective range	The greatest distance at which a weapon can inflect casualties, based upon both the energy of a bullet and the weapon's inherent accuracy.
specific ionization	Number of ion pair per unit length of path of the ionizing particle in a medium, e.g
far field	The zone beyond the near field in front of the transducer in which signal amplitude decreases monotonically in proportion to distance from the transducer
comeups	Expressed as full MOAs or 1/4 MOAs, you must "come up" in elevation to go from one range to another range, usually in 100-yard increments.
accommodation	The old term for a cabin fitted out for the use of passengers.
talo	tank landing shipGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tank landing ship
tactical level of war	tactical loadingGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical loading
communist bloc	Countries in Eastern Europe that came under the influence of the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II (also called the Eastern Bloc or Soviet Bloc)
supressor	A device that uses baffles and fine meshing to dissipate and slow the escape of gases from a weapon muzzle and thereby reduces the normal muzzle report.
morgenthau plan	A plan to strip Germany of its industrial power after World War II, proposed by U.S
servomechanism	an automatic device for controlling large amounts of power by using small amounts of power
disadvantage of round-nose bullets	Lose velocity quickly and drift in crosswinds, with a resulting decline in long range accuracy.
segregation radiographic	Variation in film density which can be explained by segregation of elements of atomic numbers different from that of the matrix.
shear fracture	Fracture that occurs when shear stresses exceed shear fractures are transverse fracture of a ductile metal under a torsional (twisting) stress, and fracture of a rivet cut by sliding movement of the joined parts in opposite directions, like the action of a the pair of scissors.
stringer	Fore and aft members of a ship's hull structure. Designed to strengthen the frames.
bulwarks	The planking or woodwork, along the sides of a ship, above the upper deck to prevent seas washing over the gunwales and also acting as a guard rail so that persons on board would not fall over the side or be washed over board in rough weather.
aback	The situation of the sails of a square rigged ship when the yards are trimmed/turned to bring the wind to bear on the front of the sail, this acts like a break.
sniper range card	A detailed sketch of a sniper team sector of fire, including all prominent terrain, likely enemy avenues of approach, cover the enemy may use, and dead space, with range estimates so the sniper can engage targets quickly.
leade	The smooth, unrifled gap in a rifle's bore between the chamber and the start of the rifling
retained velocity	the speed of the bullet when it reaches the target; due to drag, the velocity will be reduced
solvent developer	A developer in which the developing powder is applied as a suspension in a quick-drying solvent.
test frequency	The frequency f vibration of the ultrasonic transducer employed for ultrasonic testing.
league	Three nautical miles, which is one twentieth part of a degree of a great circle.
optional programmes	Those activities that may be conducted by a cadet corps during the training year in order to enhance training and to take advantage of local expertise and resources.
tacan	TACCGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – TACC
main bang	See initial pulse.
immersion method	The test method in which the test object and the transducer are submerged in a liquid (usually water) that acts as the coupling medium
ringing signals	Closely spaced multiple signals caused by multiple reflections in a thin material
weld metal	That portion of a weld which has been melted during welding.
standard	Roman army emblem, a pole with special decorations (such as a metal eagle) carried by a soldier
flank	The side of a military formation; a column has longer flanks than a line.
diversion	tactical information processing and interpretation (TIPI) system
occupying powers	Those nations that deploy military troops to hold and control territorial areas outside their borders
tacc	TACINTELGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – TACINTEL
energy	The capactity to do work or transfer force.
archaeology	Studying the past by looking at old things, often found underground.
butt plate	metal or rubber covering of the end of the stock on the rifle
denouement	The final outcome or resolution in an intricate plot or set of circumstances.
gum benjamin	A balsamic resin, an exudation obtained by piercing the bark from certain tropical trees of the genus Styrax. Used in perfumery and medicine. In medicine as an antiseptic and stimulant. Modern name Benzoin.
siberia	The vast region in central and eastern Russia where millions of people were exiled to labor camps under Joseph Stalin’s regime.
theater strategy	theaterGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – theater
nuremberg	The city in Germany where Nazi defendants were tried for war crimes before an international military tribunal beginning in November 1945.
sniper demolition ambush	A remote controlled, command detonated ambush using a series of claymore mines aligned along a route likely to be used by the enemy
occupation zone	A territorial area, ranging in size from a city to an entire country, held by foreign military troops and controlled by a foreign nation.
rimfire ammunition	Usually found only in .22 rounds, a cartridge that has an internal primer detonated by a firing pin striking the cartidge's rim.
resistance	The act of opposing a force, person, or group; for example, a resistance organization could be a group of citizens in a conquered nation that take actions to oppose the military forces of the occupying country.
base	Same thing as "mount"
free recoil	Technique of heavily sandbagging a rifle and touching it only with your finger when firing to improve consistency.
abeam	At right angles to the fore-and after line, i.e
jolly boat	A small clinker-built boat propelled by up to three pairs of oars which could readily be launched from the ship for general purpose duties. The name 'jolly' may be derived from the German or Dutch word 'jolle' meaning 'small boat'.
transportation priorities	transportation systemGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transportation system
reserve force	The army reserve (militia), air, naval, and communication reserves provide a vital link between the CF and local communities
polio	Short for poliomyelitis, a viral disease characterized by its crippling effect on the human body, often causing loss of mobility and, at times, paralysis in the limbs.
exit pupil	The cone of clear vision created at the rear of an optical device, such as a spotting scope
ebb	The flow of the tidal stream as it recedes from the ending of the period of slack water at high tide to the start of the period of slack water at low tide, about 6 hours.
five-star general	The highest possible rank in the United States Army; the rank was created in 1944 during World War II.
yardarm	The outer quarters of a yard, that part which lies outboard of the lifts on either side of the ship. They were the positions in a square-rigged ship where most of the flag signals were hoisted. The position where men were hung if they received punishment by death!!
match-grade ammunition	ammunition manufactured to much closer tolerances than regular ammunition to produce rounds that consistently perform to the highest of standards
air gap	The free space that the magnetic flux must cross when a magnetic circuit contains a break
high-powered rifle	A term that distinguishes more powerful rifles from .22-caliber rimfire weapons
target system	targetGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – target
source material	In atomic energy law, any material, except special nuclear material, which contains 0.05% or more of uranium, thorium, or any combination of the two.
tomcat	tone downGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tone down
scurvy	Disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin C. It was very difficult to preserve fresh fruit and vegetables between the 16th and 19 centuries which would have prevented this disease on board ships.
round-nose bullet	A bullet design presenting the max
republic	A country without a king, queen or emperor
tactical air control group	tactical air control operations teamGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical air control operations team
bullet	The projectile fired from a firearm, not the whole cartidge.
czarist/tsarist	A government, such as the one existing in Russia prior to the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, headed by a monarch, known as a czar/tsar.
terminal velocity	terminalGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terminal
particle motion	Movement of particles of material during wave propagation.
v-path	In angle beam tests of plate or cylindrical sections, the path of the ultrasonic beam in the test object from point of entry on the front surface to the back surface and reflecting to the front surface again
archaeological site	A place such as a ruined fort studied by archaeologists.
mad minute	countersniper technique first used in WWI in which all of a unit's weapons are fired simultaneously for one minute at any possible position a concealed enemy could use.
marxism	A socioeconomic and political philosophy theorized by the German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 1800s, stating that capitalism will eventually be replaced by a socialist system and, through these struggles by the proletariat, classes will disappear
longitudinal wave	Rate of propagation of a wave parallel to the direction of motion of the particles.
breech loader	Artillery gun/cannon loaded from the rear. Consisting of an open backed barrel and a separate chamber which held the charge. Early breech loaders were not very efficient because it was difficult to secure the two pieces and maintain a good seal.
chariot	Cart with two wheels pulled by horses
kilovolt	Unit of electromotive force or potential equal to 100 volts.
troop test	text overlay
transition layer	transition levelGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transition level
athwart	Running across, from side to side.
lot or lot number	One batch of ammunition made up at the same time and using the same run of subcomponents
central committee	The governing body of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union
water jet	An unsupported stream of water carrying ultrasonic signals between the transducer and the test object surface
anker	Six and a half gallons. Most of the smuggling barrels were half ankers.
initial pulse	The pulse applied to excite the transducer
federal emergency relief administration	A U.S
privateer	A privately owned vessel armed with guns which operate in times of war against the trade of an enemy. These vessels were approved off by the particular countries Government who would often take a share of any plunder
communist sympathizers	People who agree with communist ideologies.
sight height	The distance between the line of sight and the centerline of bore
squint angle	The angle by which the ultrasonic beam axis deviated from the probe axis.
operational characteristics	technical supply operations
parallax	The tendency for scope crosshairs to shift and change the point of impact if the shooter moves his head
antenna	a device used to radiate or receive electromagnetic energy (usually RF)
muzzle	The front or business end of the barrel.
fathom	Equivalent to 6 feet.
coup d’état	A sudden overthrow of a nation’s government, usually brought about by military force.
ratchet marks	Ridges on a fatigue fracture that indicate where two adjacent fatigue areas have grown together
threatcons	thresholdGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – threshold
machan	A comfortable "tree seat" developed in India for tiger hunting that uses straps and ropes lashed between tree branches.
joint penetration	The distance weld metal and fusion extend into a joint.
recoil	The kinetic energy generated in the firearm by the acceleration of the bullet
stable isotope	A nuclide that does not undergo radioactive decay.
hot spot	The point of retarded solidification caused by an increased mass of metal at the juncture of two sections
cold barrel zero	Applies ONLY to the exact impact of the very first round, not after warming
ultrasonic absorption	The damping of ultrasonic waves as they pass through a medium
instruct	To impart knowledge or skill to an individual or group using a systematic method in order to achieve a required standard.
fissionable material	Any material readily fissioned by slow neutrons, for example, uranium 235 and plutonium 239.
tactical intelligence	tactical level of warGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical level of war
ball	the projectile; the bullet
wind deflection	The lateral change in the path of a bullet due to crosswind effects
demeanour	The way a person behaves towards others. Bearing. Appearance.
inglefield clip	A type of clip for attaching a flag to a flag halyard.
bourgeois	A person who is a member of the bourgeoisie, or middle social class, and who is characterized by owning property and having an interest in obtaining material possessions.
trapping	One of two techniques for engaging moving targets
fourth rate	Naval ships were rated from 1 to 6 depending on the number of guns. At this period circa 1800 a 'fourth rate' would have between 50 and 70 guns.
czar nicholas ii	Russia’s last emperor, who ruled from 1894 to 1917.
kalmucks	An ethnic group, of Mongolian origin, persecuted under the Soviet regime of Joseph Stalin.
left wing	In a political sense, left of the center, or tending toward liberal, progressive, or socialist ideas, as opposed to conservative ones.
social security system	A part of President Franklin D
bullet drop	how far the bullet drops from the line of departure to the point of impact
boom	A long spar run out from different places in the ship to extend the foot of a particular sail, such as the jib boom.
gas holes	Holes created by a gas escaping from molten metal.
operation order	A written order following a 5 paragraph format that addresses situation, mission, execution, service support, and command and signal
hydrostatic shock	A pressure wave created by a bullet passing through animal tissue with high water content.
cosmography	The science dealing with the whole order of nature.
communism	A style of government characterized by state control over the economy, communal property ownerships, and the equal distribution of goods, wealth, and human labor
hollowpoint bullet	Bullet design in which a cavity has been reamed in the tip so that upon impact it dramatically expands, increasing the delivery of energy to a target - similar to softpoint.
stepped wedge	A device which is used, with appropriate pentrameters on each step, for the inspection of parts having great variations in thickness or a complex geometry
treadmill	Machine like a big wheel inside which slaves walked round, to turn the machine.
scope	An abbreviated term for "telescopic sight."
trim for takeoff feature	trim sizeGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – trim size
ballistic coefficient	A rating system based upon a bullet's weight, shape, and ability to retain velocity
continuous wave	A wave that continues without interruption.
trained strength in units	training aidsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – training aids
sniper	Specially trained marksman equipped with quality optics and a target grade weapon who employs stealth and fieldcraft to engage targets at ranges greater than those of the conventional rifleman
bipod	A two-legged support attached to the rifle forearm for better stability
trim size	trimGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – trim
tip	tipsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tips
chain pump	The main pump, driven by chain, used to remove water from the bilge.
test depth	testsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tests
third reich	The regime in Germany headed by Adolf Hitler, lasting from 1933 to 1945.
terrestrial reference guidance	terrorismGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terrorism
kinetic energy	The energy of a bullet in flight
führer	Literally means “leader” in German
ordinate	The max
tactical air doctrine	tactical air forceGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical air force
reefs	The amount of sail taken in by securing one set of reef points. It is the means of shortening sail to the amount appropriate to an increase in the strength of wind. In square rigged ships sails up to the topsails normally carried two rows of reef points, enabling two reefs to be taken in.
telint	tellingGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – telling
republic	A political or national unit possessing a form of government.
countersniping	Various techniques and tactics to eliminate a sniper, or at least limit his effectiveness, ranging from blinding him with smoke to firing a wire-guided missile at him.
capital city	Main city of a country, the centre of government.
austro-hungarian empire	The European state created by a February 8, 1867, agreement between representatives of Austria and Hungary
bolshevik	The larger of the two political factions that developed from the Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party in 1903 (the opposing faction was known as the Mensheviks)
council of people’s commissars	The highest governing body in the Soviet Union following the 1917 Bolshevik revolution
remonstrance	Act of remonstrating. To protest against.
time to target	timeGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – time
cross-channel invasion	Another term for the Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied northern France from England across the English Channel
terminal control	terminal guidanceGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terminal guidance
train path	trainGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – train
midrange trajectory/maximum ordinate	the highest point the bullet reaches on its way to the target this point must be known to engage a target that requires firing underneath an overhead obstacle, such as a bridge or a tree; inattention to midrange trajectory may cause the sniper to hit the obstacle instead of the target
hide	The temporary or permanent position a sniper occupies to engage a target
punt	(1) A small flat bottomed boat/craft, general purpose often used as a floating platform to work on a larger vessel, powered by paddles. (2) A small wooden boat with sharp pointed bows and stern and low freeboard used by wild fowlers in estuaries powered by paddles.
stock weld	the contact of the cheek with the stock of the weapon
government-in-exile	A political system that moved from a country that had been invaded and occupied to another nation where it could continue to operate safely
antijamming	a device, method, or system used to reduce or eliminate the effects of jamming
root crack	A crack in either the weld or heat-affected zone at the root of a weld.
field of fire	An area relatively free of obstruction into which a sniper can fire, ideally up to the maximum range of his weapon.
weld nugget	The weld metal in spot, seam or projection welding.
diameter	The width of circle.
blockade	The isolation of an area, such as a city, caused by the deployment of military troops that prevent people, transport, and goods from entering or exiting the city.
engagement	One shot or a series of shots fired by a sniper from one hide during one short period.
allied control commissions	Groups comprised of Allied representatives who were responsible for regulating and controlling the implementation of armistice terms in defeated Axis countries
tactical mining	tactical nuclear weapon employmentGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical nuclear weapon employment
philanthropy	The practice of performing charitable or benevolent actions. Love of mankind in general.
normandy	A region of northwestern France
wreath	A ring or crown made of leaves or flowers.
self-emulsifiable	The property of a liquid penetrant to combine satisfactorily with water, in either emulsion or solution form, to permit its being removed from a surface by washing (rinsing) in water
tactical air force	tactical air groups (shore-based)Glossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical air groups (shore-based)
dispensation	A religious system or code of prescriptions for life and conduct regarded as of divine origin.
sewers	Pipes or tunnels that carry away sewage.
send/ receive transducer	A transducer consisting of two piezoelectric elements mounted side by side separated by an acoustic barrier
firebombing	The deployment of incendiary bombs against cities as part of a strategic air offensive
crossbow	Weapon like a bow and arrow, only the string is pulled back by turning a handle and the bow is fired by releasing a trigger
train	trained strength in unitsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – trained strength in units
cover	Buildings, thick trees, etc., which offer protection against small arms but not always concealment.
back	Wind is said 'back' when it changes contrary to its normal pattern. In the northern hemisphere, north of the trade wind belt, the wind normally changes clockwise from north through east, south, and west. When the change is anti-clockwise, the wind is backing. The reverse takes place in the southern hemisphere. To 'back' a square sail is to turn the sail into the wind to slow the ship down.
senator	A person elected to the Roman Senate who helped run the government
villa	A large house in the country
tripartite pact	The agreement signed in Berlin on September 27, 1940 by representatives of Germany, Italy, and Japan, that established an alliance between the three powers, which pledged economic and military assistance to one another for ten years.
cuddy	In a large sailing ship, a small cabin under the poop deck in which the officers took their meals.
bosun	The abbreviation for BOATSWAIN, the officer or seaman responsible for the supervision and maintenance of a ship's boats, sails, rigging, cordage etc.
plated crystal	Crystal on which metallic surfaces are deposited for protection and/or to produce surfaces on which the electrical potential can be impressed.
hot working	Deforming metal plastically at such a temperature and rate that strain hardening does no occur
focal zone	The distance before and after the focal point in which the intensity differs a specified amount (usually 6db) from the focal intensity
star programme	A mandatory programme carried out at the cadet corps which teaches and practises the minimum knowledge and skills necessary to achieve the training objectives of the army cadets
threshold	throughputGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – throughput
television imagery	TELINTGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – TELINT
muzzle velocity	the speed of the bullet as it leaves the rifle barrel, measured in feet per second; it varies according to various factors, such as ammunition type and lot number, temperature, and humidity
bulkhead	Vertical partition (wall) between decks.
embezzlement	To convert money or property entrusted to you fraudulently to your own use.
beam spread	The divergence of the sound beam as it travels through a medium
collectivization	A Soviet policy enacted under Joseph Stalin that disallowed private ownership in agriculture and formed large collective (or group) farms
abreast	In line abeam on a parallel course with bows all in line. Side by side in a direction at right angles with the keel.
specie	Money used for trade. Silver and Gold, rarely used as face value, normally traded by weight.
gestapo	A shortened version of the phrase Geheime Staatspolizei (State Secret Police), the Gestapo was a special Nazi police force that began operating in 1933
purge	To get rid of, clean out, or eliminate.
point of incidence	Denotes the point at which the center of the sound beam leaves the plastic wedge of an angle beam transducer and enters the test object
target signature	target stress pointGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – target stress point
spectrum response	The amplification (gain) of a receiver over a range of frequencies.
atomic bomb	A weapon of potent destructive force that derives its power from nuclear fission
iron cross	A German military decoration
armorer	one who services and makes repairs on small arms and performs similar duties to keep small arms ready for use
section	The basic unit of organization in the infantry, it normally consists of 10-12 all ranks
labor camps	Detainment areas in the Soviet Union that were overseen by the Soviet secret police, often located in remote areas
mosaic	A pattern made from coloured pieces of stones and pottery.
mill dot	A tiny dot of very exact angular width in some scope reticles, such as the M3A1 Leupold, and used for range estimation.
drag function	A mathematical representation of how the drag characteristics of a standard bullet vary with velocity
socialist league	A political party to the extreme left that formed in England in 1932, largely under the direction of Stafford Cripps, and functioned until 1937.
turkey necking	The undesirable practice of stretching your neck forward or back in order to see through your riflescope properly
national match	A term applied to ammunition and certain firearms to distinguish them as having been modified for higher precision shooting
defrayed	To provide money for costs, expenses etc.
prussia	A kingdom in north and central Europe that comprised parts of modern-day Germany and Poland
ion pairs	A positive ion and a negative ion or electron having charges of the same magnitude, and formed from a neutral atom or molecule by the action of radiation or by any other agency that supplies energy.
communists	Communists are people who actively adhere to and promote the system of communism.
recoil lug	A wide, heavy steel lug attached below the barrel at the front of the receiver through which recoil is transmitted to the rifle stock.
c-scan	a data presentation method applied to pulse echo and transmission techniques
squall	A sudden gust of wind of considerable strength.
shambles	A bank of shingle, shell and sand off the Isle of Portland, Dorset, UK.
static	sharp, short bursts of noise on a radio receiver caused by electrical disturbances in the atmosphere or by electrical machinery
single-phase alternating current	Simple current, alternating in direction
ballistic's glossary	We will attempt to provide definitions in laymans terms rather than scientifically precise definitions.
tactical nuclear weapon employment	tactical obstaclesGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical obstacles
labour party	A left-of-center political party in Great Britain, formed in 1900, that emphasizes labor and union interests and is in opposition to the nation’s Conservative party
vertical limit	The readable level of vertical indication on an A-scan.
corner effect	The strong reflection obtained when an ultrasonic beam is directed toward the intersection of two or three mutually perpendicular surfaces.
futtocks	Separate pieces of timber used to build up structures like the frames of ships.
myth	A made-up story, often about gods and spirits, told to explain things such as why the sun rises and sets every day.
scattering ultrasonic	Dispersion of ultrasonic waves in a medium due to causes other than absorption.
centerfire ammunition	Ammunition which detonates by striking an exposed primer in the center of the cartridge base
throughput	Thunderbolt IIGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – Thunderbolt II
wet developer	A developer in which the developing powder is applied as a suspension or solution in a liquid, usually water.
group	A term frequently used to describe the distribution of bullets on a target fired with a common point of aim and sight adjustment
fluke	The triangular shape at the end of each arm of an anchor immediately below the point (bill). Once the point penetrates the ground when any strain or pull comes into play it gives the anchor its holding power.
intergranular corrosion	Corrosion occurring preferentially at grain boundaries.
point of impact	the point that a bullet strikes; usually considered in relation to point of aim
pulse rate	Number of pulses that are transmitted in a unit time (also called pulse repetition rate).
bullet drop	The ballistic measurement of how far a bullet drops, at 100 yard intervals, were the barrel pointed perfectly parallel to the Earth
tactical diversion	tactical information processing and interpretation systemGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – tactical information processing and interpretation system
supreme commander	The person who coordinated multinational military forces
truman doctrine	The phrase used to describe the American foreign policy of aiding those countries resisting the influences of communism, in an attempt to stop the spread of communism
polish-soviet war	The fight after the end of World War I between Poland and Bolshevik forces in the Soviet Union for disputed land that lie between the two nations
jib	(jibber?) A triangular headsail that stretches from the outer end of the jib boom to the fore topmast head in large ships.
flagship	1. A vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships (reflecting the custom of its commander, characteristically a flag officer, flying a distinguishing flag aboard the ship on which he or she is embarked.
windage adjustment	moving the rear sight aperture to cause the bullet to strike left or right on the target
aiming	a marksmanship fundamental; refers to the precise alignment of the rifle sights with the target
temporary wound cavity	The dramatic expansion of soft tissue that results from a bullet's passage, sometimes 10 inches or more in diameter
natural line of drift	the route human beings most naturally would take from place to place
task organization	task unitGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – task unit
terrain study	terrestrial environmentGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terrestrial environment
perturbation	A cause of disturbance or upset.
technical specification	technical supply operationsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – technical supply operations
follow-through	A shooter's continuous concentration and nonreaction after firing a shot so he develops a mental and physical habit of no disruption at instant of shooting.
body armor	Various kinds of vests designed to protect wearers against injury from fragmentation and small arms fire.
time-sensitive special operations planning	time-sensitive targetsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – time-sensitive targets
residual elements	Elements present in an alloy in small quantities, but not added intentionally.
task selection models	training environment
terminal guidance	terminal operationsGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – terminal operations
aryan	The word used by the Nazis to describe Caucasians of non-Jewish descent.
sacred	Something that is believed to be holy and to have a special connection with a god or gods.
wave train	A Series of waves or groups of waves passing along the same course at regular intervals.
transportation feasibility	transportation movement requirementGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transportation movement requirement
night observation device	Any of many night vision sights and scopes that intensify light to 'see' in darkness
mount	AKA "base," this is the intermediate adapter which connects a scope to a rifle
dardanelles campaign	One name given to the 1915 Allied landing on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, and the subsequent disastrous and failed attempt to capture the capital of the Ottoman Empire and open a route to Russia
target priority	The declining order in which a sniper engages targets so that he shoots the most imporatant ones first Target priority will vary according to day and night and the situation
carbine	Early versions were called Arquebus. Barrel length 18 to 30 inches, calibre about 16. Used by the light infantry, dragoons on horseback and by troops who fought in restricted spaces such as the marines on board ships.
musket	Large rifle. Early versions were very heavy with a 5 foot barrel. Later versions were lighter, had a shorter barrel and a calibre of about 12. See Armament.
technical review authority	technical specificationGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – technical specification
point blank range	The point blank range the distance a hunter can hold directly on the desired point of impact and expect to hit with in the vital zone of an animal.
transition altitude	transition screen
total active aircraft inventory	total dosage attackGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – total dosage attack
house of commons	One of the two legislative bodies in Great Britain’s parliament, to which members are elected; the other is the House of Lords.
temporary magnet	A body of a soft steel or piece of iron which is readily magnetized but retains only a very small field after the active power of the external magnet field is removed.
insulator	a device or material that has a high electrical resistance
broadside	Side of the vessel; simultaneous firing of all guns on one side of the vessel.
optical sight	sight with lenses, prisms, or mirrors used in lieu of iron sights
principal stresses	The normal stresses on three mutually perpendicular planes on which there are no shear stresses.
rate of twist	Term to describe rifling by the distance in inches a bullet passes in the barrel during a single rotation.
time slot	time to targetGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – time to target
point of aim	That point with which the sights are aligned.
counterpoise	a conductor or system of conductors used as a substitute for a ground in an antenna system
modulus of elasticity	A measure of the stiffness of a metal in the elastic range
quebec agreement	A secret agreement signed on August 19, 1943, by Winston Churchill and Franklin D
caucasus mountains	A mountain range stretching between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, located in Russia and the former Soviet republics of Georgia and Azerbaijan
before the mast	Crew taken on as seamen were housed in the forecastle (bow) i.e
state defense committee	A group created in the Soviet Union in the days after the German invasion of the country in June 1941, which oversaw both government and military organizations
linear accelerator	An apparatus used to accelerate electrons to high velocities by means of a high frequency electrical wave traveling along a tube in the linear direction of the electron beam.
zero	The sight settings for which the point of aim and the point of impact coincide at a given range.
silhouette target	a target that represents the outline of a man
mast	A vertical pole to carry a vessel's sails that descends to the keelson, where its squared heel is stepped. Originally the mast was built from the trunk of a single fir tree. As ships grew in size circa the time of the Halsewell, masts had to be extended and broadened to carry more sail. To add girth and strength, the lower mast was fashioned from more than one timber (known as a made mast), while topmasts and topgallent masts (usually single-trunk or pole masts) were added above.
neutron source	A source that emits neutrons, e.g
type unit	types of burstGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – types of burst
sprue	A vertical channel in a mould through which the molten material is poured (and sometimes allowed to flow out) to fill the mould. Moulded items need to have the material from these channels removed prior to use. The marks that are left are referred to as 'sprue' marks.
electromagnetic wave	a wave propagating as a periodic disturbance of the electromagnetic field and having a frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum
extremity	(Archaic - A drastic or severe measure). Maybe 'till the last moment'?
transportation movement requirement	transportation operating agenciesGlossary of United States Military words and phrases – – transportation operating agencies
unconditional surrender	In World War II, the demand that the Axis powers yield to the Allies without concessions or negotiations