Glossary extracted starting with automatic seeds, with PTM for the domain biz and language EN
| *national authority | The national authority is the official body representing the Government which takes part in the arrangement of CDM/JI projects |
| "a" round | a financing event whereby angel groups and / or venture capitalists become involved in a fast growth company that was previously financed by founders and their friends and families. |
| html | Hypertext Mark-up Language - the language used to create web documents. |
| trace | Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine |
| objection | An objection is a person's right and the means to prevent a third party from enforcing a claim against it. |
| contagion | When used in financial markets, contagion is a term associated with the kind of market turmoil seen in 2007 as well as previous crises such as those of 2001 and 1998… |
| monetarists | Economists generally sharing the belief that business-cycle fluctuations are due largely to changes in the money supply |
| forwards | Contracts for the sale/purchase of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, currency, or commodity at an agreed-upon price on a given future date |
| gold certificate | A form of U.S |
| improper improvement | An out-of-place building which does not conform to the best use of the site. |
| term | The length of the contract period. |
| negotiable bill of lading | Bill of lading transferable by endorsement |
| certificate of title | In areas where attorneys examine abstractor chains of title, a written opinion, executed by the examining attorney, stating that title is vested as stated in the abstract. |
| soft costs | Soft costs are legitimate expenses incurred by a borrower or developer for things not directly reflected in the construction value of the property. |
| motivated seller | A party who urgently needs to dispose of his or her property |
| expansion | The phase in the business cycle after the trough during which national output rises. |
| *non-annex 1 countries | Annex 1 is an Annex in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change listing those countries which are signatories to the Convention and committed to emission reductions |
| prior service costs | Costs that arise from amendments to defined benefit pension plans that retroactively increase benefits |
| key lot | A lot in such a position that one side is adjacent to the back of other lots |
| real options valuation | This model places a present value on the "real options" available to a company. |
| land use planning | An activity, generally conducted by a local government and used to guide decisions on zoning, that proposes public and private land use recommendations that are consistent with community policies. |
| petty cash analysis sheet | A worksheet used to enter information regarding the transactions of the petty cash fund. |
| fiduciary | Acting in a relationship or position of trust, usually regarding financial matters or transactions. |
| negative duration | (1) The name for a particular relationship between changes in the price of a debt security and changes in prevailing interest rates |
| fee | (1) In modern times, and not in strict legal terms synonymous with fee simple or "ownership'" |
| marginalia | notes written in the margin |
| tmt | Abbreviation for Technology, Media and Telecommunications sectors. |
| certificate of good standing | A written form prepared by a state office or officer attesting to the fact that a named corporation is in good standing in that state. |
| write-down | a decrease in the reported value of an asset or a company. |
| repossession | Taking physical possession of personal property collateral pledged to secure a defaulted loan. |
| unique selling proposition | The key differentiating factor for buying your product, compared to that of a competitor. |
| secondary sources | Less reliable, slower to achieve cash sources |
| cognovit note | A promissory note that includes language in which the debtor acknowledges liability and allows the creditor to obtain a judgment without suit |
| direct bank | A credit institution that has no branch system; transactions being handled via telephone, fax or the Internet |
| overmintmark | Variety in which a Mintmark is overpunched in the die with a |
| transfer agent | An agent who maintains records of stock and bond owners to cancel and issue certificates, and resolve problems arising from lost, destroyed, or stolen certificates. |
| unique | Extant in only one known specimen |
| wibor | Warsaw Interbank Offered Rate |
| fixed line | Telecommunications lines that are not wirefree but connected to physical points. |
| wall bearing construction | Weight of roofs and floors supported entirely by the exterior walls, with no load-bearing partitions |
| sva | See shareholder value added. |
| cubic spline | A mathematical technique used for yield curve smoothing |
| agency listing | Also known as an “Exclusive Agency Listing” |
| technical analysis | As opposed to fundamental analysis, technical analysis attempts to predict the future direction of share prices (or markets and other assets) by examining the trend in the share price represented in chart form (hence sometimes called Chartism) |
| bid-buy sale | A combination form of fixed-price list and mail-bid sale |
| tenor | Time at which a draft indicates it is payable, such as, "at sight," "60 days after the bill of lading date," or "on January 31, 2007." |
| customer identification program | A proposed requirement under the Bank Secrecy Act that all financial institutions implement a written, risk-based customer identification program, maintain information used to verify identities and compare the names of new customers against government lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations |
| asset | The Real or personal property under ownership and having value |
| *national focal point | The National Focal Point (NFP) in countries that have signed the UNFCCC is the first point of contact within the government for communications regarding the UNFCCC. |
| mutual fund | A professionally managed investment pool structured to match specific investment objectives |
| director | A statutory officeholder of a company who is responsible for major decisions. |
| sequestration. writ of | The taking custody of one's property (real or personal) to force compliance with a court order. |
| flat | 1 |
| non-disclosure agreement | See Confidentiality and Proprietary Rights Agreement |
| posting date | The date when a transaction is recognized on your account. |
| limited liability company | Legal entity that is a special kind of corporation |
| means test | Measures need based on income and assets. |
| building line | A line established by law or a deed restriction that determines the distance from a street in front of which an owner cannot build. |
| covenant of quiet enjoyment | A covenant implied by law by which a landlord guarantees that a tenant may take possession and use of leased premises and that the landlord will not interfere in the tenant's enjoyment of the property. |
| ian | See index amortizing note. |
| as is | 1 |
| clear title | A title free of any encumbrances or defects. |
| pipeline | The new issues that are due to go public withing a given timeframe. |
| steering | The illegal practice of channeling home seekers to particular areas, either to maintain the homogeneity of an area or to change the character of an area, which limits their home choices. |
| *technological additionality | The technologies employed in the project should be the best available technology for the host nation. |
| encased postage stamp | A postage stamp unofficially encased in a metal, plastic or cardboard frame and intended to be used as small change. |
| hedging | Reducing or mitigating risk, for example protecting against adverse foreign-exchange movement. |
| term fed funds | Federal funds transactions made for tenors longer than one day |
| right of first refusal | a contractual right to participate in a transaction |
| barriers to entry | Obstacles that make it more difficult for new competitors to enter an area of business, e.g., high start-up costs. |
| market neutral funds | Market neutral funds aim to deliver above market rates of return with lower risk by hedging bullish stock picks (buys) with an equivalent number of short bets (sells). |
| probability distribution | The mathematical function describing the probability of different events, as described by values for a variable |
| capital expenditures | Expenditures resulting in the acquisition of or addition to fixed assets |
| key person insurance | Key Person Insurance is life insurance purchased by a startup on certain "key employees" and for which the beneficiary is the startup |
| investment grade | A term defined by the Office of Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) (12 CFR 1) and used in its investment regulation to define eligible investments |
| container | Over 20 feet long |
| asian development bank | is a regional financial long-term lending institution of development projects in Asia and the Pacific |
| pledge | The depositing of personal property by a debtor with a creditor as security for a debt or engagement. |
| profit-sharing plan | a type of defined contribution plan funded with discretionary employer contributions and often tied to company profits. |
| intrinsic value | An appraisal term pointing to the value created in a person's own mind for a particular type of property. |
| assurance | Same as Insurance. |
| knock down | Any parts of a building which can be easily assembled, installed, or removed, such as certain types of window frames, partitions, etc. |
| convertible | A share or loan note which carries the right in specified circumstances (ex: on a particular date, or when a specified milestone is reached) to be exchanged in whole or in part for equity in the company |
| short sale | Borrowing a security (or commodity futures contract) from a broker and selling it, with the understanding that it must later be bought back (hopefully at a lower price) and returned to the broker |
| ias | See index amortizing swap. |
| hot money | An informal term used to describe funds provided by the most price-sensitive and credit quality-sensitive sources |
| judgment | The decision of a court of law |
| cpr | See constant prepayment rate. |
| ucc - 3 | See amendment, assignment, continuation, partial release, release and termination. |
| entrepreneurship | the application of innovative leadership to limited resources in order to create exceptional value. |
| range | A part of the government survey, being a strip of land six miles in width, and numbered east or west of the principal meridian. |
| pari passu | Pari Passu is a Latin term that means that the pari passu series of Preferred Stock have the same rank in connection with a Liquidation Event of the startup. |
| discrepancies | Information (or missing information or missing documents/ papers, etc.) in the documents submitted under a documentary credit, which |
| public warehouse | A central warehouse that accepts, stores, and delivers goods for multiple businesses |
| township | A territorial division of land established by federal survey, being six miles square, containing 36 sections or 36 square miles. |
| operating loss | Losses incurred by the core operations of a company before taking into account any interest charges/credits or the contribution from associated companies.- back to top |
| ramp | (1) A steady, noninstantaneous change in rates |
| precautionary demand for money | The demand for money because of uncertainty about the timing and size of future disbursements and receipts. |
| drd | See dividend received deduction. |
| tone of voice | the quality of a person's voice |
| rp | See repurchase agreement. |
| products | Property that is created from other property. |
| golden handcuffs | financial incentives that discourage founders and / or important employees from leaving a company before a predetermined date or important milestone. |
| american funds service companysm | provider of services to shareholders of the mutual funds managed by Capital Research and Management Company. |
| receivables | Name used by bankers to describe moneys owed to a business and yet to be received |
| qualified public depository | Per Florida Statute 280, means any bank, saving bank or savings association that: |
| adjustment | Filing down the face of an overweight planchet |
| triad | a three-note major or minor chord; a note and its third and fifth tones |
| defense medicine | Extensive use of laboratory testing, treatment, increased hospital admissions, and extended hospital stays that are not medically necessary for the treatment of the patient; the sole purpose of reducing the possibility of malpractice suits by the patient or providing a good legal defense in the event of such lawsuits. |
| non-cumulative dividends | Non-Cumulative Dividends paid on stock only if and when they are declared by the Board of Directors of a startup |
| equitable lien | A lien granted by the court as a result of legal action taken rather than as a result of statute |
| worksheet | A tool used by accountants to assist in financial statement preparation |
| possession | A right that an owner or another person holding a right, such as a tenant, has to control, take custody of and use property. |
| prepayment rate | A representation that reflects the rate at which prepayments are received or forecasted to be received for a mortgage loan, a pool of mortgage loans, or an MBS |
| bill of sale | An instrument by which title to personal property is transferred or conveyed. |
| cash disbursements journal | A journal used to record all payments of cash by the company. |
| auction market | Auction markets, like The American Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, are stock exchanges where buyers and sellers meet through an intermediary, called a Specialist |
| life tenant | A person who is in possession of a life estate. |
| optics | the way a concept is presented |
| interest rate cap | See cap. |
| cim | An internationally standardized freight document issued in rail transport |
| asset class | A category of investment, which is defined by the main characteristics of risk, liquidity and return. |
| classification structure | A special type of balance sheet that allows for additional sub-headings. |
| cbot | See Chicago Board of Trade. |
| credit history | A record of how a person has borrowed and repaid debts. |
| mirror | Highly reflective surface or field of a coin; usually mirror field with frosted relief. |
| newspaper listings | The stock price coverage given to securities in newspapers, dependent upon the market on which the company’s stock trades, the size of the company, and the level of trading activity in the company’s stock. |
| legal notice | The information required to be given by law. |
| conventional home | A home that is constructed totally at the site |
| regulation p | A Federal Reserve Board regulation covering privacy of consumer financial Information |
| greenback | This term generally refers to all of the U.S |
| counterparty risk | The risk that a counterparty will default (fail to perform) on its obligation under a contract |
| authorized signer | An individual who has the legal right to issue instructions. |
| zero coupon yield curve | See yield curve. |
| superfund act | See Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980. |
| seizure | Confiscation of assets. |
| notarization | The certification by a Notary Public that a person signing a document has been properly identified |
| real | Expressed in constant dollars. |
| nota bene | a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something |
| fraudulent conveyance/ fraudulent transfer | A transfer of an interest of the debtor made within one year prior to the filing of bankruptcy that is either made by the debtor with the intent to defraud its creditors or for which the debtor receives less than reasonable consideration |
| parcel | An area of land contained within a single description. |
| eminent domain | The power of a government to acquire private property for public purposes |
| cmt | See constant maturity Treasury. |
| term sheet | a document confirming the intent of an investor to participate in a round of financing for a company |
| privately held | A company that has never been offered for sale publicly. |
| mbs | See mortgage-backed security. |
| half eagle | A United States $5.00 gold coin. |
| stock option | An individual's right to purchase shares at a fixed price |
| institutional buyout | Known by its acronym IBO |
| clad | Composite coinage metal strip composed of a core, usually of a base metal such as copper, and surface layers of more valuable metal, silver (or sometimes copper-nickel) |
| two x | an expression referring to 2 times the original amount |
| international fund | a mutual fund that invests outside the United States (a global fund, on the other hand, invests in stocks and bonds throughout the world, including the U.S.) |
| spo | The issuance of new stock for public sale from a company that has already made its Initial Public Offering (IPO). |
| affiliate | generally, an "affiliate" of an issuer is a person (or company) that, directly or indirectly, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with such issuer |
| ucp | Abbreviation for "Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits." The 1993 revision is referred to as "UCP500" as it is publication number 500 of the International Chamber of Commerce. |
| adjusted trial balance | The trial balance after the adjusting entries have been recorded. |
| syndicate | is a group of financial institutions, organized to carry out a particular transaction – an extention of a credit, placement of a bond issue. |
| vignette | This is any picture or scene on a note other than a portrait. |
| liquidity | the ability to buy or sell an asset quickly and in large volume without substantially affecting the asset's price |
| implied contract | A contract that one would conclude exists as a result of the acts and/or conduct of the parties involved. |
| certified emission reductions | This is the basic unit of the Clean Development Mechanism |
| municipal bond | a bond issued by a state, city or local government to finance operations or special projects such as construction of public facilities |
| accrual basis of accounting | Accounting system that requires revenue and expense to be reported when they occur. |
| tb-13 | See Thrift Bulletin 13. |
| classical economics | Refers to work done by a group of economists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, emphasizing economic freedom and promoting such ideas as “laissez-faire” and “free competition.” |
| internal revenue code | all federal tax laws, originally written in 1939 and updated periodically. |
| non-solicitation | an agreement often signed by employees and management whereby they agree not to solicit other employees of the company regarding job opportunities. |
| intrapreneur | An Intrapreneur is a term used by management consultant Gifford Pinchot to refer to employees within companies who develop new, innovative ideas |
| easement appurtenant | An easement which is annexed to the ownership of one parcel of land that allows one party the use of his or her neighbor's land and which runs with the land when is the title is transferred to another party. |
| license | a contract in which a patent owner grants to a company the right to make, use or sell an invention under certain circumstances and for compensation. |
| options | see Stock options. |
| par | The principal amount of a mortgage with no premium or discount (100%). |
| intellectual property | knowledge, techniques, writings and images that are intangible but often protected by law via patents, copyrights, and trademarks. |
| exchange rate | The number of units of one currency that can purchase a unit of another currency. |
| weep holes | Small holes in a retaining wall or other wall where it may be necessary to drain off excess water to avoid pressure build-up. |
| bronze | An alloy of copper, zinc, and tin. |
| will | A written expression of the desire of a person as to the disposition of that person's property after death |
| *environmental additionality | Environmental additionality is demonstrated if a project results in reductions in the emissions of greenhouse gases, compared to a "business-as-usual" or baseline case. |
| consumer goods | Output consisting of items that consumers purchase, such as clothing, food, and drink. |
| call price | The price at which a call option may be exercised |
| price supports | Price floors imposed by the government on a certain good. |
| drawdown notice | Another term for a capital call |
| current assets | Short term assets such as stock, short term debtors and cash |
| registered representative | Another name for a stockbroker |
| tender offer | an offer to public shareholders of a company to purchase their shares. |
| angel round | A round of venture capital in which only angels participate, i.e |
| port-to-port bill of lading | Bill of lading covering shipment by ocean only |
| jetty | (1) A pier or other structure (usually of stones), built out into a body of water to hinder the currents and so protect a harbor |
| redemption fee | See back-end load. |
| sell/buyback | See buy/sellback. |
| variable-rate mortgage | A less common name for an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM). |
| contemporary architecture | Modern design differentiated from traditional functional design. |
| fair market rent | The amount that a property would command if it were currently available for lease |
| book | see Private placement memorandum. |
| restricted letter of credit | Documentary credit where availability is restricted to a designated bank. |
| patina | A green or brown surface film found on ancient copper and bronze |
| business development company | a publicly traded company that invests in private companies and is required by law to provide meaningful support and assistance to its portfolio companies. |
| venture capital | Venture Capital is investment by Venture Capital Firms in early and mid-stage startups, most of which are based on technology, with potential for exceptional growth |
| *banking | A maximum limit of 2.5% of a country's assigned amount (target) has been set for banking credits for future use in the next commitment period, for both Emission Reduction Units from Joint Implementation projects and Certified Emission Reductions from Clean Development Mechanism projects |
| commingled funds | Money pooled for a common purpose |
| undisclosed principal | A principal whose identity is not revealed by an agent. |
| jurisdiction | A political subdivision with power to govern its own affairs. |
| draft | Documentary credits often require presentation of a draft drawn by the beneficiary on the issuing bank, the confirming bank or a designated bank. |
| whole note | a musical note having the longest time value (equal to four beats in common time) |
| revenue expenditure | Spending on day-to-day operation of the business – e.g |
| experience | Refers to the history of actual claims paid for the contract period (see Paid Claims) or can refer to the history of claims incurred during a contract period. |
| grant | 1 |
| long-term care facility | A place which is (1) licensed by the state; (2) provides skilled, intermediate, or custodial nursing care on an inpatient basis under the supervision of a physician; (3) keeps a daily medical record of each patient. |
| grace period | An agreed-upon time after the payment of a debt is past due and during which time a party can perform without being considered in default. |
| mint luster | The sheen or bloom on the surface of an Uncirculated numismatic object resulting from the centrifugal flow of metal caused by striking with dies |
| time value | The portion of an option’s value imputed to the possibility that the price of the underlying will move in the option holder’s favor during the time remaining before the option expires. |
| ots | See Office of Thrift Supervision. |
| watt hour | The basis used to determine electric bills |
| depreciation | If you buy an asset, it will wear out as it gets older and eventually need replacing |
| exports | The goods and services that a country sells to other countries. |
| swaption | An option to enter into a swap |
| adjoining | Contiguous; attaching; sharing a common border. |
| contiguous | Adjacent; touching, adjoining or in close proximity. |
| underwriter's warrants | Warrants sometimes granted to underwriters as a form of additional compensation in a public offering, typically in a smaller, higher risk offering. |
| margin stock | A term defined by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in Regulations T and U |
| frn | Federal Reserve Note. |
| made land | Artificially formed land, either by filling or dredging. |
| reference | a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage |
| conditional offer | A purchase contract that is presented to a seller that demands that one or more items be satisfied before the buyer is obligated to buy. |
| gapping | Mismatching assets and liabilities, usually by borrowing short and lending long. |
| factor | (1) The percent of the original face of an MBS pool that remains outstanding at any given time is called the current factor |
| catch-up | a clause in the agreement between the general partner and the limited partners of a private equity fund |
| avalized draft | Trade acceptance to which an aval has been added. |
| drive-by vc | a venture capitalist that only appears during board meetings of a portfolio company and rarely offers advice to management. |
| weighted-average antidilution | Weighted Average Antidilution is the milder form of Price-Based Antidilution, and decreases the Conversion Price of outstanding Preferred Stock based on a formula that uses a weighting factor |
| firrea | See Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act. |
| ammendment | A written instrument that changes something previously agreed to |
| insurance | A contract between an insurance company and its customer for a specific period of time |
| clean letter of credit | A letter of credit that can be drawn upon with a simple written request not supported by other documentation |
| unavoidable cause | A cause which reasonable prudence and care could not have prevented, such as death, illness, papers lost in the mail, etc. |
| mmftp | See match maturity funds transfer pricing. |
| cent | One one-hundredth of the standard monetary unit |
| inflation | An increase in the general level of prices economy-wide. |
| trade credit | Credit granted by a supplier to a customer to finance the customer’s purchase of goods or services from the supplier. |
| social security act | Law under which the federal government operates the Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance Program (OASDHI). |
| duress | Unlawful constraint exercised upon a person whereby he/she is forced to do some act against his will. |
| supplementary prospectus | An additional document that is filed with ASX that has additional information regarding the proposed offering for the company. |
| official list | The register of public companies that trade on the ASX. |
| recession | a period of economic decline, generally defined as a decline in a country's gross domestic product for two or more consecutive quarters. |
| unenforceable contract | A good contract but for some reason one that cannot be enforced under the law such as an unwritten real estate sales contract which cannot be enforceable due to the Statute of Frauds. |
| lot line | A boundary line of a lot as that is identified in a property survey. |
| geographic liquidity risk | A type of systemic risk where deterioration in regional economic conditions triggers liquidity crisis |
| drop dead agreement | See forbearance agreement. |
| rod jacobs method | A methodology for evaluating the rate sensitivity of indeterminate deposits |
| *cdm executive board | The CDM Executive Board approves CDM projects, certifies operational entities and will issue carbon credits for CDM projects. |
| dax | the DAX (pronounced "dax") is the German Share Index |
| methodology | CDM and JI projects must follow approved methodologies for setting out the baseline, monitoring and verification processess |
| comfort letter | A letter provided by a company’s independent auditors detailing procedures performed at the request of the underwriters |
| small cap | defined by SmartMoney.com as a company with a market capitalization below $1 billion |
| indenture covenants | See covenants. |
| capital | Resources (such as factory buildings, equipment, raw materials, and inventories) that are created within the economic system for the purpose of producing other goods. |
| acquisition | The process of taking over a controlling interest in another company |
| rsa | See rate-sensitive assets. |
| confidence interval | The degree of certainty that an event will fall outside of boundaries on a distribution |
| exchange | see stock exchange. |
| covariant | The condition of varying with something else in a way that satisfies a mathematical relationship |
| circulated | Released to the general public |
| econometric models | Systems of mathematical formulas that attempt to represent the interaction of various macroeconomics variables |
| research portfolio | the portion of a Capital Research and Management Company mutual fund that is managed by a group of research analysts |
| ad valorem | A Latin phrase meaning “according to value” that is usually used in reference to real estate taxation. |
| progress payment | One in a series of payments made at stages in the performance of a contract |
| eliminations | See intercompany eliminations. |
| closed-end credit | Credit extensions in which the borrower receives the entire proceeds of the loan at or shortly after the loan is closed |
| speed | The rate at which an MBS prepays |
| personal care advocate | A representative of the nursing facility resident who reviews care, address concerns, and provides advocacy support for a patient and his or her family. |
| pair-off | A security purchase transaction that is closed out or sold on or before the settlement or expiration date |
| rescission | Cancellation of a contract without penalty |
| transferable | In case of a transferable documentary credit, the beneficiary named therein may request the issuing or nominated bank to transfer all or part of the documentary credit to another beneficiary |
| ex factory | Synonymous with "ex works." |
| parcel | Any area of land contained within a single description. |
| tey | See taxable equivalent yield. |
| large date | A variety of coin on which the date is physically larger than other varieties of the same year. |
| stock | a share of ownership in a corporation. |
| deflation | a decline in prices, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit |
| volume | In relation to shares, the total number of traded (bought and sold) in a given period. |
| binder | An early agreement to buy a home from a seller, which is usually ensured with earnest money. |
| production function | The relationship between the quantities of various inputs used per period of time and the maximum quantity of output that can be produced per period of time; that is, the most output that existing technology permits the firm to produce from various quantities of inputs. |
| value stocks | Normally, a screening process will be adopted to identify those shares which meet the preferred criteria |
| legend | The inscription on a numismatic item. |
| execution | An order directing a sheriff, constable, marshal, or court-appointed commissioner to enforce a money judgment against the property of a debtor |
| emc | Abbreviation for "export management consultant." |
| note payable | written promise to pay a certain amount of money on a specific date |
| high-grade | A phrase used to describe investments with the highest quality ratings — usually AAA or AA. |
| cyclical stocks | The performance of cyclical stocks is heavily dependent on the economic cycle – they do well when the economy is booming but very badly when it falls off a cliff… |
| master repurchase agreement | A written contract covering all future transactions between parties to repurchase-reverse repurchase agreement that establishes each party’s rights in the transactions |
| nikkei index© | the Nikkei (pronounced "NEE-kay") Index is composed of 225 leading Japanese stocks traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange |
| revenue anticipation note | A short-term note sold by a public entity that will be repaid from the proceeds of anticipated nontax income. |
| addendum | Something added, for example, a list or other material added to a document, letter, contractual agreement, etc. |
| homestead | The dwelling (house and contiguous land) of the head of a family |
| equilibrium | A situation in which there is no tendency for change. |
| maundy money | Small English silver coins specially struck for distribution |
| *article 6 projects | Article 6 is one of the articles in the Kyoto Protocol |
| custodial agreement | A written contract establishing the responsibilities of a custodian who holds property |
| duration | Duration is the point at which a bond reaches the mid-point of its cash flows. |
| cameo | Devices in relief or embossed |
| friends and family financing | capital provided by the friends and family of founders of an early stage company |
| economic value added | See shareholder value added (SVA) |
| net interest margin | The amount of interest income minus interest expense, usually expressed as a percentage |
| deposit | The amount of cash placed in a bank by a business. |
| decay analysis | Statistical analysis of the rate of attrition |
| exw | Abbreviation for "ex works (Named place)." |
| time note | A name used to describe a promissory note used for closed-end transactions that do not require any principal to be repaid until the maturity of the note |
| consignor | The consignor is understood to be the party who delivers the goods in his/her own name to the carrier (i.e |
| *designated national authority | The DNA is the official body representing the Government which takes part in the arrangement of CDM/JI projects |
| spot price | The price available in the spot market. |
| modified duration | Macaulay duration adjusted for compounding |
| asset allocation | The percentage breakdown of an investment portfolio |
| division | An unincorporated subunit of a corporation. |
| collection service | A service performed by a neutral third party in receiving and disbursing loan payments as instructed by the parties concerned.(back to top) |
| exemplary damages | Damages to punish (make an example of) the offender |
| counterfeit | An object made to imitate a genuine numismatic piece with intent to deceive or defraud, irrespective of whether the intended fraud is primarily monetary or numismatic. |
| modern coin | A coin struck after about A.D |
| rma | See Robert Morris Associates. |
| off center | Said of a coin only partly resting within the coining chamber at |
| zoning map | A map showing the various sections of the community and the division of the sections into zones of permitted land uses under the zoning ordinance in specific areas. |
| demutualisation | A process whereby a mutual organisation turns itself into a shareholder owned company |
| transfer agent | an agent employed by a corporation or mutual fund to maintain shareholder records, including purchases, sales and account balances |
| deal flow | Deal Flow to the stream of offers or opportunities to invest that a Venture Capital Firm or angel investor receives as a whole. |
| endowment | Funds or property that are donated with either a temporary or permanent restriction as to the use of principal. |
| plaintiff | The party bringing a civil action against a defendant. |
| certificate of survey | See survey. |
| cabinet friction | Slight surface wear on a coin, token or medal caused by friction between it and the tray or envelope in which it is contained. |
| upstream guaranty | A phrase sometimes used to describe a guaranty of a loan to a borrowing entity when the borrowing entity is a parent company or stockholder of the guarantor. |
| bep | Bureau of Engraving and Printing |
| po or p/o | See principal-only strip. |
| covenant | A contractual promise that may be positive by agreeing to do or negative by agreeing not to do a particular act such as a promising to build a house of a particular size or to not use property in a certain way. |
| portfolio company | a company that has received an investment from a private equity fund. |
| flipping | Flipping is when you make an offer on a property and then either look to secure a new buyer at a higher price before you close on the deal, or wait for it to rise in value, then sell on. |
| uniform laws | Laws approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws |
| discrimination | Making an economic distinction in a market. |
| bookbuilding | Process carried out in the period before a flotation in which the lead underwriter(s) invites institutional and retail investors to commit to subscribing to the floating company's shares. |
| obligor | The one who owes a debt. |
| settlement | (1) Noun — The standard number of days between the date that a purchase or sale is agreed upon (the trade date) and the date that the security and the payment actually change hands (the settlement date) |
| fas 87 | Financial Accounting Standard No |
| details | Small features and fine lines in a coin design |
| bit | A popular term for the Spanish-American 1real piece (also Danish West Indies and other neighboring islands) which formerly circulated in the United States |
| inclusionary zoning | An ordinance that requires a builder of new housing to set aside a designated number of units for low and moderate income people. |
| land | Natural resources, including minerals as well as plots of ground, used to produce goods and services. |
| correlation | Correlation simply refers to a relationship between two events… |
| market demand curve | A curve, usually sloping downward to the right, showing the relationship between a product’s price and the quantity demanded of the product. |
| arson | The willful and malicious burning of property. |
| secular trend | A secular trend is a long-term phenomenon, whereas a cyclical trend is short-term and will eventually reverse. |
| syndicate | A group of investment banking firms formed to conduct an underwriting of a new security issue. |
| modem | A device used to transmit data through telephone lines. |
| buffer | Unused credit facility or cash reserves. |
| drawing | An account which keeps track of owner withdrawals from the company. |
| plain vanilla | Simple; not complex |
| closed period | The period between a company's year-end (and half year end) and the date of reporting its results |
| fhlmc | See Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. |
| power of attorney | A document by which one person (called the "principal") authorizes another person (called the "attorney-in-fact") to act for him/her in a specific manner in designated transactions.(back to top) |
| ucc - 1 | See financing statements. |
| treasury bills | Short-term obligations issued by the U.S |
| turnaround | A Turnaround is a process of reversing the direction of a startup in significant decline and often near insolvency. |
| order-entry firm | A type of broker/dealer that enters customer orders in the NASDAQ system |
| edc | See Economic Development Corporation. |
| delisting | Removal of a company from trading on the ASX, usually because of merger or insolvency. |
| voucher system | A system that requires all payments from the business to be made only with proper authorization. |
| subsidy | In real estate, a grant by government that eases the financial burden of holding, using or improving real property |
| registration rights | Registration Rights are contractual rights of investors usually in an Investors’ Rights Agreement that give the investors the right to demand that the startup register the shares of restricted stock with the SEC for public sale |
| cftc | See Commodity Futures Trading Commission. |
| time bands | See buckets. |
| growth investing | an investment style that emphasizes stocks with strong earnings and/or revenue growth or growth potential |
| benchmark | an index or group of funds used to measure the performance of a mutual fund |
| standardized approach | One of three methods for quantifying capital required for operational risk under proposed Basel II capital rules |
| lock-up period | A Lock-Up Period is period during which a lock-up is in effect |
| dvp | See delivery vs |
| strike price | See exercise price. |
| back-to-back documentary creditakkreditiv | The back-to-back documentary credit is not a type of documentary credit specifically covered under the UCP |
| ratio analysis | Interpretation of financial performance by calculating and interpreting ratios |
| front-end load | A form of sales charge imposed by some mutual funds |
| monopoly profits | Economic gain for a firm that comes as a result of that firm’s control over the market. |
| redemption | Repurchase by a company of its securities from an investor |
| product market | A market where products are bought and sold. |
| bad leaver | An employee who leaves the company within a short time or who is dismissed for cause, or under other circumstances where the employee is not permitted to retain the benefit of profit-sharing arrangements such as increased value of shares or carried interest. |
| franchise | The right or license granted to an individual or group (franchisee) to market a company’s (franchisor’s) goods or services in a particular geographic territory. |
| survey | The measurement of the boundaries of a parcel of land, its area, and sometimes its topography. |
| trade date | The day on which a buyer and seller agree upon a transaction. |
| unsecured debt | debt which does not have any priority in case of dissolution of the company and sale of its assets. |
| fund of funds | A private equity fund that, instead of being used to make direct investments in companies, is distributed among a number of other private equity fund managers, who in turn invest the capital directly |
| tax lien | A claim against property which may be sold by the taxing authority arising out of nonpayment of taxes. |
| aftermarket | Trading of an offering on or after the listing date. |
| ira | see Individual Retirement Account. |
| simulation var | See empirical VAR. |
| mint luster | The "frost" on the surface of an Uncirculated or "Mint State" |
| *carbon sinks | Carbon sinks are the ecosystems, principally forests and oceans, which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by absorbing and storing it, thereby offsetting carbon dioxide emissions. |
| book value | Normally shown on a company's balance sheet |
| administrator | A person who is designated to be responsible for the proper operation and administration of a plan |
| angel investor | a wealthy individual that invests in companies in relatively early stages of development |
| certificate of origin | A document that specifies the country of origin for goods traded internationally. |
| affinity card | A credit card offered by a lending institution in partnership with another institution |
| *no-regrets mitigation options | No-regrets Mitigation Options are measures whose benefits equal or exceed their costs |
| medium-term notes | Debt instruments with maturities ranging from 9 months to 30 years that are offered on a continuous basis |
| non-domicile | Non-domicile status is given to people who were either not born here or whose parents spent most of their lives in another country. |
| gross | Amount before tax or other items have been deducted |
| disincentives to work | Any factors discouraging the making or saving of money. |
| unqualified opinion | Term used to describe an opinion letter accompanying audited financial statements in which the CPA states that the financial statements fairly present the financial position and the results of operations |
| dwelling unit | The living quarters occupied, or intended for occupancy, by a household. |
| sra | See Senior Residential Appraiser. |
| certificate of title | A written opinion, executed by the examining attorney, stating that title is vested as stated in the abstract |
| listing and maintenance agreement | A written contract between a securities market and an issuing company |
| reserve requirements | The percentages of different types of deposits that banks are required to hold on deposit at the Federal Reserve or as cash in their vaults |
| strict liability | A party being held responsible to an injured party without any excuses. |
| field | The flat part of a surface of a coin surrounding and between the head, legend or other designs. |
| secured debt | Loans secured against a company's assets. |
| game | A competitive situation where two or more players pursue their own interests, no player can dictate the outcome, and all players are mutually aware. |
| adverse selection | A tendency which occurs when a person makes a decision based on his/her diminished health condition or frequency of needed treatment and is, therefore considered a poorer claims risk than most others in the group. |
| personal liability | The responsibility that an individual has for a debt |
| credit watch | A warning issued by a credit rating agency alerting investors that the current rating is under review and may be upgraded or downgraded. |
| frost | Effect caused by striking a coin with sandblasted dies, often used in reference to Proof coins. |
| transaction analysis | Keeps the accounting equation balanced |
| judicial lien | An interest in property acquired from a judicial or court proceeding |
| unitary elasticity | A price elasticity of demand equal to one. |
| royalties | payments made to patent or copyright owners in exchange for the use of their intellectual property. |
| venue | A neighborhood |
| discount securities | (1) Securities that do not pay periodic interest |
| plan sponsor | an organization or entity that offers a retirement plan to an employee group |
| waive | To relinquish or abandon; to forego a right to enforce or require anything. |
| comprehensive income | A term defined by FAS 130 as the change in equity of an entity during a reporting period that results from transactions and "other events and circumstances from nonowner sources." The "other events and circumstances from nonowner sources" are referred to as "other comprehensive income." Accordingly, comprehensive income is the change in equity during a reporting period that results from the combination of net income and other comprehensive income |
| maverick | An unidentifiable specimen, generally referring to a token. |
| acquirer | An Acquirer is the company or its parent that purchase a target company in an Acquisition. |
| ted spread | The difference between U.S |
| dilution | In the world of finance, dilution means something is being watered down, typically earnings per share. |
| private equity | equity investments in non-public companies, usually defined as being made up of venture capital funds and buyout funds |
| cram down | An informal name for a settlement or terms that a debtor forces creditors to accept |
| mate's receipt | Declaration by a ship's officer in the name of the shipping company that certain goods have been received for shipment (and sometimes shipped on board) |
| ageism | Prejudice against people because of their age. |
| days payables | The level of accounts payable expressed as its equivalent in days of a portion of cost of goods sold for the year |
| debtor | A person owing a debt. |
| chop mark | Merchant's test mark (usually Chinese) punched into a coin to |
| fifo | See first in, first out. |
| control account | General ledger account for which a subsidiary ledger is kept. |
| disme | One tenth of a dollar |
| earnings momentum | This is the trend in both the reported and projected earnings |
| documentary draft collection | Process for collecting payment in a sale of goods wherein a legal demand for payment from the buyer is made by a bank acting as collecting agent for the seller |
| vesting | a schedule by which employees gain ownership over time of a previously agreed upon amount of retirement funding or stock options. |
| *emissions trading | A system allowing the trade of emission reduction credits, to facilitate compliance with emissions allowances at least cost. |
| cu | Crisp Uncirculated. |
| increment | The increase of value of land most frequently used to refer to that which accompanies population growth and increasing wealth in the community |
| through bills of lading | Bills of lading where transhipment takes place en route but which cover the entire carriage of the goods from the port of loading to the final destination. |
| deferred load | See back-end load. |
| payback period | The payback period measures how long a project or investment takes to repay any initial outlay. |
| fixtures | Fixtures are items that become attached to real property |
| series seed preferred stock | Please check back for a definition of Series Seed Preferred Stock. |
| eps | Attributable profit/number of shares |
| wap | Wireless Application Protocol |
| software | (1) A computer program, any informational content included in the program, and any supporting information provided in connection with a transaction relating to the computer program or informational content. |
| contingent liability | A debt or obligation that becomes a liability only when something else happens |
| joint venture | A company, keeping its own accounts, that is established by two or more construction companies for the period of executing a construction contract |
| management buyin | A buyout in which external managers take over the company |
| uniform rules for collections | International standards of draft collection practice established for bankers by the International Chamber of Commerce |
| lifo reserve | The amount by which the book value of inventory is lower than it would be if first in, first out (FIFO) rather than LIFO accounting was applied to value the inventory |
| constant maturity treasury | An average of the yields from various Treasury securities that all have the same remaining time until maturity |
| roman finish proof | A special finish on proof coins minted at Philadelphia |
| mail-bid sale | Similar to an auction, but all bids and transactions are completed through the mail or by telephone; no bidding is conducted "in person." |
| public domain | Land owned by the government and belonging to the community at large.(back to top) |
| hologram | A three-dimensional image on a flat surface, gaining experimental use as a security device on credit cards and printed currency. |
| red seal | Nickname for U.S |
| collar | (1) The combination of a cap option and a floor option. |
| buy-and-hold | an investing strategy that calls for buying shares of a mutual fund and holding them for a long period |
| ytm | See yield-to-maturity. |
| accident | An event that happens by chance and is not expected in the normal course of events, which results in harm to people, damage to property or equipment, or a loss of process or productivity. |
| start-up | Financing provided to companies for product development and initial marketing |
| cyclically balanced budget | Refers to running a surplus in boom years and a deficit in lean years; in theory the two offset each other over time. |
| fas 119 | An accounting rule that used to govern disclosures of financial derivatives |
| due care | The standard of conduct required of an ordinary, prudent and reasonable person |
| uncirculated | A Mint State coin free of any trace of wear. |
| keogh plan | A retirement plan whereby a self-employed person may set aside a certain portion of income (tax deferred) into a retirement account |
| compound-interest treasury note | A type of U.S |
| gamma | The rate of change of an option’s delta for a small change in the price of the option’s underlying |
| built ins | Cabinets, ranges and ovens, or similar features that are part of the structure. |
| mint mark | A letter or other symbol, sometimes of a privy nature, indicating the Mint of origin. |
| preference preference period | A legal term used in bankruptcy to describe a transaction deemed to have occurred under circumstances favorable to the creditor that benefited from the transaction |
| pitch | A Pitch is the set of activities intended to persuade someone to buy a product or take a specific course of action. |
| fee tail | A freehold estate of inheritance limited so as to descend to a particular class of heirs of the person to whom it is granted. |
| goodwill | The premium over net assets a company pays when acquiring another company |
| drive-by appraisal | A value estimate prepared without the benefit of an interior inspection and which may not conform to USPAP Standard 1 |
| load | a sales charge applied to the purchase of a mutual fund |
| countermark | Or sometimes called counterstamp is a stamp or mark impressed |
| standby liquidity | Liquidity held for liquidity contingency risk |
| technological change | New methods of producing existing products, new designs that make it possible to produce new products, and new techniques of organization, marketing, and management. |
| injection well | An injection well is defined by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation as: |
| crown | A dollar-size silver coin, specifically one of Great Britain. |
| bp | see Basis point. |
| outstanding shares | The number of shares that have been issued by the company. |
| striking | Refers to the process by which a coin is minted |
| bankrupt | One who is adjudicated a bankrupt by a court having proper jurisdiction |
| credibility of government policies | A concept dealing with the likelihood that a policy authority will stick to an announced policy |
| mediant | (music) the third note of a diatonic scale; midway between the tonic and the dominant |
| abatement | A reduction or decrease |
| professional standards | A unique set of behavioural principles that encompass the relationship between limited partners, general partners and portfolio companies |
| classified property tax | Property tax which varies in rate depending on the use (zoning classification) of the property. |
| nibt | Acronym for net income before income taxes. |
| clearing account | An account used to accumulate total charges or credits so that they can be distributed later among the accounts to which they are allocable, or so that the net differences can be transferred to the proper account. |
| p.a. | Abbreviation for per annum (annually). |
| grout | (1) Thin mortar used in masonry work to fill joints between bricks, blocks, tiles, etc |
| stamp duty | Stamp duty is a re-registration tax |
| acceptance | The act of accepting an offer which results in a binding contract. |
| path-dependent options | Options whose exercise is influenced by the historical trend in interest rates in addition to the current level of interest rates |
| bonus issue | A bonus issue is common among British companies |
| sustainable growth rate | One term used to describe the maximum rate at which a firm's sales can grow without straining the capacity of the firm's financial condition |
| tigrs | A proprietary name for a zero coupon Treasury security created from a coupon-bearing Treasury security. |
| sticky | (1) A term used by economists to describe changes in dependent variables that tend to lag behind changes in the independent variables with which they are associated |
| futures | A future is a tradeable contract that commits you to taking delivery (if you buy), or making delivery (if you sell), of an agreed amount of something at an agreed time. |
| treasury bonds | Long-term obligations issued by the U.S |
| mint set | Common term for an Uncirculated Mint set, an official set containing one of each coin struck during a given year. |
| restricted stock | Restricted stock is stock purchased from the issuer or from a person in a controlled relationship to the issuer in a nonpublic or private transaction |
| certificate of title | A written document issued by an attorney or a qualified person who has examined the record of the real estate title reporting the state of that title. |
| conditions precedent | Certain conditions that a venture capitalist may insist are satisfied before a deal is completed. |
| class b building | An building that offers useful space without special features and has a functional layout and design although not unique and maintenance and management average to good which is usually from 10 to 50 years old.. |
| assessed value | The value placed on land and improvements as a basis for taxation |
| realtor | Anyone who is licensed to both buy and sell real estate in an area and who is an active member in the local real estate board affiliated with the National Association of Realtors. |
| liquidity | An asset that can be converted easily and quickly into cash. |
| prohibitive tariff | A tariff so high that it prevents imports of a good. |
| share option | See Option. |
| federal reserve banks | The central bank of the United States created by Congress and consisting of a seven member Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., 12 regional banks, and about 5,700 commercial banks that are members of the system. |
| overdate | A date made by superimposing one more numbers on a previously |
| sales concessions and financing | (1) Owner-financed transactions |
| equity etp | An ETP that is based on equity indexes |
| readmission | Patient admission to a hospital for the same or similar diagnosis as a previous, recent admission |
| tax sale | Property on which current county taxes have not been paid is "sold to the state." No actual sale takes place – the title is transferred to the state and the owner may redeem it by paying taxes, penalties and costs |
| prepayment yield | The sum that may be saved by a borrower by paying off a debt prior to the date due. |
| non-solicitation agreement | A Non-Solicitation Agreement is an agreement under which a person agrees not to solicit employees or others affiliated with a company (such as consultants and suppliers) to leave their current relationship with the company. |
| dtc | See Depository Trust Company. |
| hot issue | stock in an initial public offering that is in high demand. |
| monopsony | A market state in which there is only one producer of a good or service. |
| quietus | Final disposition of a claim or debt. |
| voting agreement | A Voting Agreement is an agreement that governs how a startup’s board of directors will be designated and elected |
| statutory | A term pointing to the laws created by the enactment of legislation as opposed to law created by court decisions. |
| intangible pension asset | An asset booked to offset the additional minimum pension obligation |
| consolidator | Forwarder who gathers mixed cargo to better utilize the space in transport containers. |
| adaptive expectations | A situation where people change their forecasts of the variable in question to conform to its current level. |
| local clearing house | An organization established by the banks in a local area to facilitate the presentment and exchange of checks between those banks. |
| back title letter | Also called "back title certificate" in some areas, and "starter" in others |
| clo | See collateralized loan obligation. |
| fed funds | See federal funds. |
| preamble | The introductory section of a bank guarantee setting out the contractual relationship between the obligor and the beneficiary arising out of the underlying transaction. |
| bracteate | A very thin medieval European coin with the design impressed on |
| venture capital firm | A Venture Capital Firm is investment company that invests high risk capital in early and mid-stage startups, most of which are based on technology, with potential for exceptional growth. |
| call feature | See call option. |
| patriot act | Short name for the "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001" ("USA PATRIOT Act") |
| offset | A deduction by one against a claim of another; e.g |
| insiders | A legal term used in bankruptcy to describe parties that have a special relationship to the bankrupt debtor |
| purchase allowance | A deduction in the amount owed by a purchaser to a supplier due to defective or incorrect merchandise. |
| forfeiture | The taking of an individual's property by a government, because the individual has committed a crime |
| tying contract | The practice whereby buyers must purchase other items in order to get the product they want. |
| capital improvement | Any structure erected as a permanent improvement to real estate, usually extending the useful life and value of a property such as the replacement of a roof. |
| executive | To complete, to make, to perform, to do, to follow through; to execute a contract; to make a contract: especially signing, sealing and delivery. |
| subdominant | (music) the fourth note of the diatonic scale |
| event risk | The risk of an unexpected, future decrease in credit quality that is a result of events such as a corporate acquisition or material changes in taxes, laws, or regulations. |
| edge | Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution - a development of GSM which allows for the faster delivery of advance mobile services such as full multimedia messaging. |
| fair credit reporting act | A federal law that allows individuals to examine and correct credit information about them that is used by credit reporting services. |
| class c shares | shares sold without an up-front sales charge that carry higher annual expenses for a fixed period (typically 10 years) |
| churning | The process of unnecessary purchases and sales in customers’ accounts for the purpose of generating commissions. |
| pedal point | a sustained bass note |
| scenario | An outline of a hypothetical situation or chain of events |
| hard times token | An unofficial large cent-sized copper token struck in a wide variety of types during 1833-1843, serving as de facto currency, and bearing a politically inspired legend; or issued with advertising as a store card. |
| replacement cost | The cost to build something that is substantially similar to the original but is constructed with modern materials and according to current standards, design and layout and having equal utility. |
| enterprise-wide risk management | An integrated approach to measuring and managing risks within a financial institution |
| coupon leverage | The inclusion of a multiple in the formula for calculating the coupon rate on an inverse floating-rate CMO |
| purchases account | A special temporary expense account used to track merchandise purchased for resale by the business |
| fixed input | A resource used in the production process (such as plant and equipment) whose quantity cannot be changed during the particular period under consideration. |
| inchoate instrument | An unrecorded instrument (such as a deed) which is valid only between the parties and those having actual notice: but not against "the world" as it would be after recording. |
| tenner | a United States bill worth 10 dollars |
| *maximum crediting time | The maximum crediting time is the maximum period over which credits can accrue to the project. |
| cash settlement | The agreement of a buyer and seller to exchange the security and the payment on the same day as the trade |
| sar | See Suspicious Activity Report. |
| kappa | A Greek letter used in the financial industry to represent the sensitivity of an option’s price to changes in the price volatility of the underlying. |
| withholding tax | In some cases they also give right to a tax credit. |
| lean | Lean means a startup that operates with few resources and whose employees wear many hats. |
| gross rent multiplier | A figure used to compare rental properties |
| refusal of confirmation | An advising bank has the right to refuse the request by the issuing bank to add its confirmation to the documentary credit but must advise the issuing bank of its decision |
| implied forward rates | Indicated future interest rates derived from the differences between current rates for different maturities of the same instrument |
| zoning | Laws passed by local governments regulating the size, type, structure, nature and use of land or buildings. |
| abstracter's certificate | A certificate contained in an abstract which shows the time period and scope of the search of public records done by the abstracter. |
| working drawing | Drawing used by workman in construction |
| guardian | A person appointed by a court to manage the person and/or property of one who is legally incompetent to handle his/her own affairs. |
| guardian | A person appointed by a court to manage the person and/or property of one who is legally incompetent to handle his/her own affairs.(back to top) |
| borough | A part of a city, having authority over certain local matters |
| plan administrator | an entity or person assigned to manage a group's retirement savings plan |
| agent | Agent is the bank responsible for the loan management after the facility is signed |
| expenses | Outflows or other reductions of assets or increases in liabilities (or a combination of both) from delivering or producing goods, rendering services, or carrying out other activities that constitute the entity’s ongoing major or central operations. |
| green shoe | An amount of shares that is reserved for issuing at the original price at the underwriter's option |
| general real estate tax | A tax levied by governmental agencies and municipalities on real estate to operate the government. |
| passing tone | a nonharmonic note inserted for transition between harmonic notes |
| duplex | Two separate housing units that are contained in a single structure. |
| floor plan | A plan drawn to scale indicating wall-to-wall dimensions, room sizes and exposures and the placements of windows, doors, partitions, etc. |
| bilateral monopoly | When a market consists of only one manufacturer and one consumer of the products that manufacturer puts out. |
| block | Prefix and Suffix letter combination of serial number |
| proprietary trading | Trading activity that is conducted purely for the anticipated profit of the trading entity |
| rescue | Financing made available to an existing business which has experienced trading difficulties, with a view to re-establishing prosperity |
| implied agency | An agency relationship that is concluded from the actions of the parties by which a third party might reasonably conclude that an agency relationship has been formed. |
| rule 144 | See SEC Rule 144. |
| market value of building | The sum of money that the presence of a structure - based on its highest and best use - adds to or subtracts from the value of the land on which it sits. |
| lot book guarantee | A Lot Book Guarantee is a one time only report |
| cancelled note | One which has had its legal tender status removed and been declared worthless |
| registration | Project activities are submitted to the CDM Executive Board for registration after successful validation |
| consumer leasing act | A federal law that governs consumer leases |
| suburb | A development of real estate in areas surrounding the central area of a city. |
| z bond | See Z tranche. |
| zoning | A designation given to a particular geographic area by the local government to regulate the type of use and the density of development permitted for properties in that area |
| capital | The wealth accumulated (money or property) or used by a person or business |
| pure oligopoly | A market structure (like those for steel, cement, tin cans, and petroleum) in which there are only a few sellers of an identical product. |
| suit for possession | A law suit initiated by a landlord to evict a tenant from leased premises after the tenant has breached the terms of the lease or has retained possession after the lease has expired. |
| legality of purpose | An essential element of every contract is that it involves a lawful object and if not, the contract is void |
| net loss | When a company's expenses exceed its revenues. |
| technical review | One of two types of real estate appraisal reviews |
| cash flow gap | The difference between cash inflows and cash outflows in a defined time period |
| laureate | Head crowned with laurel wreath. |
| gnma | See Government National Mortgage Association. |
| private placement | Instead of being sold to the general public after completion of an SEC registration, some bonds are sold privately, without a registration, to one or a few investors |
| derived demand | Demand for labor and other inputs not as ends in themselves but as means to produce other things. |
| prior appropriation | A concept of water ownership in v which the landowner's right to use available water is based on a government-administered permit system. |
| keyman insurance | Insurance through loss (through death or disability) of a "key" (important) person in a company |
| standard deviation | A statistical parameter: measures how much elements in a data set vary around the mean. |
| eva® | See shareholder value added (SVA) |
| critical path | A sequence of those tasks (e.g., in payment processing) which must be completed before the next task can be started |
| bankruptcy | A special proceeding under federal, or in some instances state, laws by which the property of a debtor is protected by the court and may be divided among the debtor's creditors and the debtor.(back to top) |
| collateral receipt | See warehouse receipt. |
| stock exchange news | Is a system provided by the JSE which disseminates company announcements and price sensitive information i.e |
| sole ownership | A property owned by only one party or person |
| defence | The presentation of new facts to dispute an opponent's rights. |
| revolving documentary credit | With a revolving documentary credit the issuing bank undertakes to reinstate the credit after each drawing or time period (e.g |
| free resources | Resources (such as air) that are so abundant that they can be obtained without charge. |
| cease and desist order | An order by a court or administrative agency prohibiting a person or business from continuing an activity |
| flood insurance | Insurance protection against damage caused by floods |
| down round | a round of financing whereby the valuation of the company is lower than the value determined by investors in an earlier round. |
| warranty | A legal, binding statement in which one party gives another party certain assurances regarding the property being sold, usually upon which the latter party can rely upon. |
| institutional investor | professional entities that invest capital on behalf of companies or individuals |
| fat tail | Informal descriptive term used to describe the portions of a probability distribution that have a larger than normal number of values that are far from the mean |
| hacker | A Hacker is person who is a skilled computer programmer whose life revolve around computers and are often called nerds or tech geeks and often create code and solve complex problems with no remuneration |
| hertz | Measure of frequency or cycles per second |
| pari passu | a legal term referring to the equal treatment of two or more parties in an agreement |
| p & i | Principal and interest as in the principal and interest required for periodic loan repayments. |
| debtor in possession | In some bankruptcy proceedings, the debtor, rather than a trustee, may continue to operate the business |
| going public | The process of taking a private company (where the shares are in private hands) and converting the ownership to public hands (where shares are traded on the ASX). |
| ieee | The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a US based organisation providing expertise across a wide range of engineering fields |
| hold harmless clause | A contractual clause whereby one parry agrees to protect another party in the event of any claims |
| pre-exceptional pre-amortisation profit | Profits before both any exceptional items |
| due diligence | A thorough investigation of a company that is preparing to go public, undertaken by the company’s underwriter and accounting firm. |
| dax | The DAX is Germany's blue-chip index, the most cyclical of the major western indices, with almost 80% of it comprised of economically sensitive industries. |
| hud | See Department of Housing and Urban Development. |
| fas 130 | Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No |
| in-substance defeasance | An advanced refunding in which the debtor is not legally released from being the primary obligor on the refunded bonds, but the possibility of the debtor having to make additional payments is considered remote under criteria provided by FAS 76. |
| judgement debtor | A party who has been issued a judgment by the court to pay the money owed. |
| control | the authority of an individual or entity that owns more than 50% of equity in a company or owns the largest block of shares compared to other shareholders. |
| vf | Very Fine |
| hidden option | An option feature in an instrument in which the option feature is only a minor feature of that product |
| elliott wave theory | According to Elliott wave theory, market movements conform to patterns – a series of waves reflecting the fact that people tend to think and behave in a herd-like way. |
| contango | The price of an asset for forward delivery is usually above the price you would pay today… |
| carryover | In a tax-deferred exchange, the adjusted tax basis of the property surrendered that is used to determine the tax basis of the property acquired |
| rent control | The legal regulation as to the maximum rental charge that can be made for the use of certain real property. |
| redemption | Redemption is a right to redeem Preferred Stock for the original purchase price or some multiple of the original purchase price after a number of years in some (but not all) venture backed startups |
| utility | A number representing the level of satisfaction that a consumer derives from a particular good or group of goods. |
| builder | One who assembles materials in order to fabricate, erect or construct a building or, one who oversees building operations. |
| remic | See real estate mortgage investment conduit. |
| purchase order | A written order to the suppliers of a business for a set quantity of specific products at a set price and at set credit terms |
| lamination | Coinage defect consisting of a portion of the metal separating from the rest due to impurities or internal stresses; common with clad or plated coinage. |
| ribs or ribbing | The fine vein liens on the surface of a leaf. |
| owner occupant | A resident who also owns the property |
| question of law | Given the facts, what laws, it any, are applicable - decided by a judge, even in a jury trial. |
| mercury | The unofficial nickname given to the Winged Liberty Head dime of 1916-45 |
| tenancy in common | An estate or interest in land held by two or more persons, each having equal rights of possession and enjoyment, but without any right of succession by survivorship between the owners. |
| continental currency | These were banknotes issued during thr American Revolution from 1775 to 1779 by the Continental Congress |
| set-off | A counterclaim or cross-demand charged by a defendant against the claim of a plaintiff in an action seeking money damages. |
| usa patriot act | An acronym for the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, ("USA PATRIOT Act") |
| safekeeping | An arrangement under which a third party holds securities or other valuables under safe, controlled conditions |
| trademark | Distinct identifying symbols or names of a company. |
| american option | An option which may be exercised any time between its initiation and expiration dates (inclusive). |
| replacement note | Another term for "Star Note" |
| early-stage fund | Venture capital funds focused on investing in companies in the early part of their lives. |
| assignments and warranties | See Mineral rights |
| community property | Property acquired by husband, wife or both during marriage which gives each spouse an interest in the property whether each appears in title or not.(back to top) |
| hub | A right-reading, positive punch used to impress wrong-reading working dies. |
| real property sales contract | A term used in some states for an agreement to convey title to real property upon satisfaction of specified conditions which does not require conveyance within one year of formation of the contract |
| otc bulletin board | See Nasdaq Bulletin Board. |
| direct verification | The audit procedure of mailing the account debtor a note requesting the account debtor to confirm the balance owed. |
| market depth | A term used to describe the characteristic of a secondary market for a financial instrument evidenced by more than a minimal amount of active daily trading |
| sustainable development | There are many definitions of sustainable development, but in the context of the CDM, sustainable development is determined by the host country government |
| ton | (1) A measure of weight; two thousand pounds |
| silent partner | Silent Partner is an investor who is not involved in the management of a company. |
| consumption | The using-up of goods and services by consumer purchasing or in the production of other goods. |
| testate | Leaving a legally valid will at death.(back to top) |
| monument of survey | Visible marks or indications left on natural or other objects indicating the lines and boundaries of a survey |
| oid | See original-issue discount. |
| public offering | An offering of stock to the general investing public |
| first refusal | the right of a privately owned company to purchase any shares that employees would like to sell. |
| marine bill of lading | Synonymous with "ocean bill of lading." |
| irradiated dime | Collectible made by exposing Roosevelt dimes to cesium or other radioactive substance and then placing in a special package; harmless, as any "acquired radioactivity" has dissipated by the time it reaches collectors' hands. |
| joint and several | A legal expression used to indicate that two or more parties each are fully liable rather than together fully liable |
| capital under management | Capital Under Management is the total dollar value of capital committed to a venture capital firm. |
| quota | A limit imposed on the amount of a commodity that can be imported annually. |
| personal property | Defined by law to be all property that is not real property |
| thirty-second note | a musical note having the time value of a thirty-second of a whole note |
| clawback | a clause in the agreement between the general partner and the limited partners of a private equity fund |
| fha experience | A statistical publication of the FHA that shows the proportion of FHA-insured and VA mortgage loans that terminate each year |
| mbo | see Management buyout. |
| receiving report | A report made by a business when a shipment is received from a supplier |
| corporate governance standards | The standards relating to the internal organization of public companies. |
| current account surplus/deficit | This is a measure of the position of one country relative to the rest of the world in terms of imports and exports… |
| marketability | The ease and speed with which a property can be sold at or near its market value based on its expected market appeal |
| finance lease | A term used in UCC Article 2A |
| principal | A person for whom another acts as and agent or representative. |
| annual fee | A yearly fee charged to a customer to participate in an open-ended credit program. |
| priority inspection | A title term referring to the type of inspection made in connection with insuring a new construction loan |
| check truncation | A process whereby deposited checks are retained by the fist bank (payee’s bank) with notification sent to the local bank (payor’s bank) that the check has been deposited |
| set off | (1) In general, the legal right to reduce the amount owed by one party to another party by the sum that the second party also owes to the first party. |
| withdrawal | When a company decides to not continue with its proposed offering of securities |
| federal funds rate | The rate for which overnight federal funds are traded. |
| bid/ask spread | The difference between the price at which a Market Maker is willing to buy a security (bid) and the price at which the firm is willing to sell it (ask). |
| prove | Verifying the accuracy of the subsidiary journal. |
| total variable cost | A firm’s total expenditure on variable input per period of time. |
| external transactions | Exchanges between business entities that result in a change to the accounting equation. |
| avoidance of risk | Taking steps to remove a hazard, engage in an alternative activity, or otherwise end a specific exposure. |
| roce | A measure of the percentage return that a business earns from the capital employed in the business. Often referred to as the "primary ratio" |
| inventory days | (Inventories/Cost of Sales)*365 |
| *baselines | The baseline is the emission of greenhouse gases that would occur without the intended project activity or policy intervention |
| fas 115 | Financial Accounting Standard No |
| premium | (1) The amount by which the price for a security is greater than its par amount. |
| concession | A grant or licence by a government or relevant authority of certain land, premises or other public property, or the right to use or commercially exploit such assets for a specified time.CONFIRMING |
| interpleader | A court action which may be filed in an existing case to be the initial action |
| satisfaction | See discharge. |
| tort | A legal term for a wrongful act that results in an injury or damages to another person or entity that is not contractual in nature |
| guidance line of credit | A line of credit approved by the bank, but not disclosed to the borrower until some specific event, usually a request for funding from the borrower |
| market capitalization | The price of a stock multiplied by the total number of shares outstanding |
| bridge financing | As the name implies, bridge financing is intended as temporary funding that eventually will be replaced with permanent capital |
| premium payer | The party in an options collar contract required to pay the difference between the cap and floor. |
| colonial architecture | The traditional design, usually using the characteristics of New England homes that is usually a two-story house with balanced openings along the main facade, with windows constructed of small panes, shutters and dormer windows on the third floor with attention to small detail. |
| angel investor | An Angel Investor is a wealthy individual who invests in or loans money to startups |
| defective title | (1) Title to a negotiable instrument obtained by fraud. |
| personal representative | An executor, guardian or administrator who represents another party under contract or judicial appointment. |
| due dilegence | A process of verifying information about a company, including financial statements, management, market share, legal matters and risks. |
| fhlb advances | Loans granted to member financial institutions by Federal Home Loan Banks |
| marketable title | A title which enables an owner to sell his property freely to others and which others will accept without objection. |
| medallion | A large Roman presentation piece of the fifth century |
| stage payments | Advances made under construction loans when the loan proceeds are disbursed only as specific construction tasks are completed |
| bullet payment | a payment of all principal due at a time specified by a bank or a bond issuer. |
| credit | 1 |
| secondary offering | When a public company issues additional shares to the public. |
| cats | See Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities. |
| eagle | A United States $10.00 gold coin |
| drag-along rights | the contractual right of an investor in a company to force all other investors to agree to a specific action, such as the sale of the company. |
| key man insurance | A life and/or critical illness insurance policy taken out by a company to provide a cash sum if a key executive dies or becomes ill, thus covering some or all of the resulting financial loss to the business. |
| bankers’ acceptance | A draft, bill or exchange accepted by a bank or trust company |
| non-compete | an agreement often signed by employees and management whereby they agree not to work for competitor companies or form a new competitor company within a certain time period after termination of employment. |
| internal control system | A system used by a business to protect its assets and encourage efficiency and accuracy. |
| next-day settlement | The agreement of a buyer and seller to exchange the security and the payment on the first business day after the trade date |
| ducat | A popular gold coin used by several European countries |
| sforzando | an accented chord |
| wal | See average life. |
| discount fee | A fee quoted as a percentage of the transaction amount. |
| 12b-1 fee | A type of fee charged to investors in some mutual funds |
| isin code | Abbreviation for ‘International Securities Identification Number.' Internationally valid identification number for securities |
| tonic | (music) the first note of a diatonic scale |
| ordinary repair | Repair needed to keep assets in normal operating condition |
| price elastic | The demand for a good if its price elasticity of demand is greater than one. |
| lookback period | The four quarter period ending on June 30th of the preceding year. |
| conversion ratio | The specified number of shares of common stock that will be received for each convertible bond or share of convertible preferred stock at the time of conversion |
| seniority | higher priority. |
| repo | An informal name for a repurchase agreement. |
| current factor | See factor. |
| multimodal transport | Shipment of goods by more than one means of transportation but including an ocean leg (see "multimodal bill of lading"). |
| packet switches | Is designed specifically for data traffic, as it cuts the information up into small packets, which are each sent across the network separately and are then reassembled at the final destination |
| nev | See net economic value. |
| designated focal point | This is the equivalent of the CDM DNA, but for JI projects, and is in fact often the same body. |
| iasb | Acronym of International Accounting Standards Board |
| protest | In a draft collection transaction, the formal legal process of registering that payment or acceptance of the draft has been demanded but the drawee has refused to pay or accept the draft. |
| incubator | a company or facility designed to host startup companies |
| effective clause | This supplementary clause in a guarantee specifies more precisely when and under what circumstances a guarantee enters into force, usually in combination with the expiry clause. |
| sc | Silver Certificate |
| laddered maturities | A maturity pattern within a portfolio in which maturities of the assets in the portfolio are equally spaced |
| j-curve | The curve generated by plotting the returns generated by a private equity fund against time (from inception to termination) |
| collected balances | Collected balances are bank ledger balances minus checks in the process of collection |
| consanguinity | Refers to the term “consanguine”, which means being from the same lineage as another person |
| prudent person rule | A behaviourally-oriented standard of investment, rather than one based on quantitative criteria |
| management statements | Term used to describe financial reports prepared by the borrower with no assistance from independent, outside parties. |
| fungibles | Property that is indistinguishable from other property of the same type |
| adjusted bank balance | The amount that should be in the bank after a bank reconciliation. |
| prima facie | In Latin meaning “at first sight” and refers to a fact which is presumed to be true or legally sufficient to establish that fact unless it is rebutted or disproved by evidence to the contrary. |
| negligence | Failure to act like a reasonably prudent person to protect the interest or safety of others. |
| uncertificated | Legal term used (especially in UCC Article 8) as an adjective to describe stocks, bonds, other investments, and certificates of deposit held in nonmaterial form as electronic computer entries |
| going concern | A business that is viable and able to continue in business for the foreseeable future |
| valuation | the process of determining the value of an asset or company |
| tender conditions | Tender conditions relating to a public invitation to tender. |
| ifric | Acronym of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee |
| instrument-specific liquidity risk | A type of systemic or capital markets liquidity risk |
| fund of funds | A Fund of Funds is a pooled investment fund that invests in other pooled investment funds, such as venture capital and angel funds. |
| corporate governance | The internationally common term for a responsible system of corporate management and monitoring with a focus on long-term value creation. |
| piece of eight | Spanish-American silver dollar-size coin used extensively in |
| real estate | See real property. |
| journalizing | The process of recording a transaction in a journal. |
| patent defect | A defect plainly visible or as would be discovered by the exercise of ordinary care |
| helvetia | Gold bullion coins issued by Switzerland; also, the allegorical figure representing Switzerland |
| gross income multiplier | A figure which, when multiplied by the annual gross income, will theoretically determine the market value |
| conservator | A person appointed by the court to care for the person and/or property of an incompetent adult or an adult unable to care for their person or property because of health. |
| monte carlo method | A statistical technique that involves using a large number of repeated calculations |
| shorting | The act of selling a share you do not own in the expectation that it will fall in price |
| escrow | An agreement whereby certain individuals and corporations must retain stock and not sell for a given time |
| settlement risk | The possibility that operational problems might interrupt or delay the settlement of a purchase or sale of a financial instrument. |
| volt | A term in electronics, being the force necessary to cause one ampere to flow through a conductor with a resistance of an ohm |
| remark | make or write a comment on |
| per review | Traditional quality assurance program to monitor standard processes of care or adverse outcomes of provider practice by other professional peers |
| combined transport | See "multimodal bill of lading." |
| upper quartile | The point at which 25% of all returns in a group are greater and 75% are lower. |
| subsistence certificate | A written form prepared by a state office or officer attesting to the fact that a named corporation is in good standing in that state. |
| initial public offering | the first offering of stock by a company to the public |
| mile | A linear measurement equal to 5280 feet on land and 6076 feet across the water (nautical mile). |
| single-family office | A family office providing services to one family, but several generations of family members. |
| drawdown schedule | an estimate of the gradual transfer of committed investment funds from the limited partners of a private equity fund to the general partners. |
| tenement | All things which may be owned that are of a permanent nature such as land and buildings and in a more restrictive sense a house or a dwelling. |
| financing statements | Forms, usually standard UCC-1 forms, that are required by Article 9 of the UCC to be recorded in a designated public location in order to perfect a creditor’s lien in personal property collateral |
| tenant improvements | The alterations to the interior of a building made to meet the functional needs of the tenant. |
| fcr | Abbreviation for "forwarder’s cargo receipt." |
| consignment | (1) (adjective) — Goods or inventory that are held by a selling agent, wholesaler, or reseller until the goods are either sold or returned to the seller |
| political risk | Risk in a sale of goods that the government in the buyer’s country may take some action that prevents the buyer from paying |
| merit goods | Goods or services provided for free by a government based on need, rather than ability to pay. |
| political subdivision | A county, city, town, or other municipal corporation, a public authority, and generally any publicly owned entity that is an instrumentality of a state or of a municipal corporation. |
| arbitration | The submission of a disputed matter for resolution outside the normal judicial system |
| average circulated | A grade used to describe a coin based on its age |
| labor-saving technology | Technological devices used purely for the purpose of diminishing the amount of labor necessary to accomplish goals. |
| sensitivity testsensitivity analysis | A single variant test to see how dependent a forecast, projection or stress test outcome is upon a single, selected variable or assumption |
| hscsd | High Speed Circuit Switched Data |
| knot points | The points on a yield curve for which there are observable prices for traded instruments |
| cdo | See collateralized debt obligation. |
| marketable title | Title which can be readily marketed (sold) to a reasonable prudent purchaser aware of the facts and their legal meaning concerning liens and encumbrances. |
| directionally correct | An expression used to indicate that a measurement is accurate to the extent that it shows the quantity to be measured to be positive or negative even though the degree to which the quantity is positive or negative may be measured inaccurately. |
| hammer die | The die that performs the striking action |
| credit swap | A type of credit derivative instrument |
| innovation | The first commercial application of a new technology. |
| venture capital funds | See Venture Capital Firms. |
| simple ira | a plan for small organizations that allows employees to contribute on a pretax basis, and requires the employer to make either matching contributions or a nonelective contribution for all eligible employees |
| 10-k and 10-q | Financial reports that must be filed by publicly traded corporations with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) |
| debt | Funds owed by a debtor to a creditor |
| vendor | The person who transfers property by sale |
| slma | See Student Loan Marketing Association. |
| fas 149 | Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No |
| spread | (1) noun — The difference between two prices or two rates |
| incuse | The design of a coin which has been impressed below the coin's |
| nonrival consumption | Consumption by one consumer does not affect the ability of other consumers to consume the same unit of the same good. |
| positive economics | Descriptive statements, propositions, and predictions about the economic world that are generally testable by an appeal to the facts. |
| restricted shares | shares that cannot be traded in the public markets. |
| lockout | (1) A prohibition, usually, but not always, for a specified period of time |
| hub | A specialized die used not for striking coins but for imparting designs |
| intaglio | A method of printing using engraved plates |
| block | In paper money collecting, a series of related notes indicated by the same prefix and suffix letters in the serial number |
| affidavit | A written statement or declaration, sworn to before an officer who has authority to administer an oath. |
| tender | To offer or present for acceptance. |
| rent schedule | A plan to establish the rental amounts to be paid and also, the records of the rents actually paid during a specific period. |
| yard | (1) A measure of 36" |
| imbedded option | See embedded option. |
| collateral | A term meaning by or at the side, additional or auxiliary |
| initial public offering | A company’s first sale of stock to the public |
| assay | Analytic test or trial to ascertain the fineness, weight and consistency of precious or other metal in coin or bullion |
| current liabilities | Debts which will become due within a short period of time, typically a year. |
| volt | A term in electronics, being the force necessary to cause one ampere to flow through a conductor with a resistance of one ohm |
| redeem | Literally, to buy back |
| accelerator | An Accelerator in a mentoring organization that take equity in startups in exchange for short-term intensive mentorship and sometimes capital. The accelerator mentorship is generally three to four months in duration. Y Combinator, TechStars and 500 Startups are examples of Accelerators. |
| oecd | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. |
| third stage/round | Funds provided for the major expansion of a company whose sales volume is increasing and which is breaking even or profitable. |
| pda | Personal Digital Assistant - devices such as personal organisers (e.g |
| volatility | The rate of change in a variable |
| inverse floater | Bonds whose coupon rates increase as rates decline and decrease as rates rise |
| aura | a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing |
| syndication participant | Syndication participant is one of banks providing the syndicated facility |
| escrow accounts | Cash held in abeyance until an event occurs or does not occur |
| deposits in transit | Deposits made by the business after the bank statement is issued. |
| u.s. treasury securities | debt securities issued by the U.S |
| compensation | Money or equivalent of money received for services rendered |
| purchase returns and allowances | An account used to record all returns and allowances received by the business |
| form 6-k | The SEC’s form for non-U.S |
| road show | presentations made in several cities to potential investors and other interested parties |
| guarantee for warranty obligations | To secure any claims by the buyer on the seller due to possible defects appearing after delivery. |
| notary public | One who is authorized by the state or federal government, to administer oaths, and to attest to the authenticity of signatures. |
| payment intangible | A general intangible under which a debtor’s principal obligation is a monetary obligation from a third party |
| provisional rate | The local tax offices determine the provisional rates taking into account: |
| debtor | One who owes a debt.(back to top) |
| completion | The moment when legal documents are signed |
| wml | Wireless Mark-up Language - the language behind WAP. |
| debt swap | There are several possible ways in which a debt swap can be done |
| land residual technique | An appraisal technique by which land value is determined by first determining the net return attributable to the building only, and deducting it from the total return to the property (may be estimated), the residual amount is capitalized to find the land value |
| c&f | Abbreviation for "cost and freight (...named port of destination)." Also CFR. |
| purchase money interest | A security interest in a debtor's property that is created when the creditor's extension of credit to the debtor is used by the debtor to acquire the property that is used to secure the transaction. |
| percent of sales method | A method of estimating bad debts by calculating the total credit sales by a business-defined percentage. |
| days receivables | The level of accounts receivable expressed as its equivalent in days of a portion of net sales for the year |
| bank statement | A monthly document created by a business's bank detailing the activities on the business's bank accounts. |
| feuds | Grants of land. |
| negotiable | Salable. |
| demand rights | a type of registration right |
| mile | A linear measurement equal to 5280 feet on land and 6076 feet across water (nautical mile). |
| adding value | When a company's post tax return on invested capital |
| model | A theory composed of assumptions that simplify and abstract from reality, from which conclusions or predictions about the real world are deduced. |
| testate | Leaving a legally valid will at death. |
| accord | An agreement by which one accepts something different (usually less) from what is owed as full satisfaction The amount owed may be in dispute or simply accepted as full satisfaction by the creditor or claimant |
| oversubscribed | When the demand for shares in a new listing exceeds supply, the issue is said to be oversubscrived |
| knot | (1) The hard, irregular shaped defects in boards, caused by cutting at the point where the branch of the tree meets the trunk |
| misrepresentation | Information that is provided to and is relied upon by a third party as fact, but that is untrue and material to the risk assumed |
| tax commission | A taxpayer in this situation can submit a request for suspension to the Commission (judicial suspension) or, at the same time at the Office |
| risk measurement unit | A defined quantity or unit of risk |
| hands-off | A private equity investment in which the venture capitalist contributes only capital – and not business know-how or management involvement – to the investee company. |
| underwriter | An investment banker who assumes the risk of bringing a new securities issue to market |
| cap rate | An interest rate used in the process of capitalization. |
| roll over | The paying off of existing debt, usually debt about to mature, through the issuance of new debt |
| transit item | A check deposited and processed for collection that is drawn on another bank. |
| accounting equation | Assets = Liabilities + Equity |
| broadband | Refers to telecommunication in which a wide band of frequencies is available to transmit information |
| creditor | A party who is owed money by another party. |
| vulture capitalist | A Vulture Capitalist is a slang term for a Venture Capitalist. |
| federal reserve note | A form of U.S |
| bootstrap | To bootstrap a business means to start a business with small amounts of capital solely from the founders and from internally generated sources |
| synthetic hedges | A somewhat out-of-date term for capital markets hedges |
| accounting period | Period of time for which the company is reporting financial information |
| collective bargaining | A process of negotiation between union and management over wages and working conditions. |
| histogram | A table or bar chart displaying a probability distribution |
| benchmark | Point of comparison between desired clinical outcome and actual practice. |
| postscript | a note appended to a letter after the signature |
| incuse | The opposite of bas--relief; design is recessed rather than raised |
| stock overhang | Stock overhang is a phrase used to describe a sizeable block of shares which, if it were to be released in the market in one go, would flood it, and so depress prices. |
| rfp | See request for proposal. |
| cross-reference | a reference at one place in a work to information at another place in the same work |
| electronic data interchange | Electronic data interchange (EDI) replaces paper documents with teletransmitted computer messages in a prearranged format.Different systems of communication exist for financial interbank messages and for non-financial sector businesses |
| asset stripping | Dismantling an acquired business by selling off operational and/or financial assets. |
| cover note | Often also called "broker's cover note" |
| general-purpose financial statements | Reports with information for a broad spectrum of external users |
| capital gains tax | A charge to capital gains tax (CGT) may arise when you dispose of an asset which is worth more than it was when you acquired it |
| ceiling | An upper limit for a variable |
| freemium | A Freemium is promotional system where a product or service, such as an APP or basic form of a game, is offered without charge |
| ducat | (Pronounced "DUCKet") Medieval gold coin; also any of a number of modern issues of the Dutch Mint |
| warrant | A formal certification of the validity of a debt with authorization or direction to the State's items processing bank to pay the debt upon presentment. |
| open house | A property that is being presented without the need for an appointment that is available for inspection by potential purchasers. |
| type iv securities | A category of investment securities defined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) (12 CFR 1) |
| cdm project cycle | This refers to the different stages a project activity must undergo before it may be issued with certified emissions reductions (CERs) by the CDM EB |
| eye appeal | The quality of a coin's attractiveness, distinct from any quantifiable measure of condition. |
| vesting | The process by which an employee is granted full ownership of conferred rights such as stock options and warrants (which then become vested rights) |
| productivity | A measure of output from a production process, per unit of input. |
| indices | There are indices for every sort of market, but retail investors are probably most familiar with those related to stock markets. |
| debase | To become less valuable. |
| buyout | A Buyout is a transaction under which a company or one or more individuals purchases a controlling interest in a company. If debt is used to finance the buyout, the buyout is a "leveraged buyout." If the existing management of a company purchases a controlling interest in the company, the buyout is a management buyout. |
| taxes | If the violations refer to various taxes, the basic sanction is first increased by a fifth |
| acquihire | An Acquisition, the primary purpose of which from the Acquirer’s perspective is to acquire the employees of a target company. |
| double-entry accounting | A system whereby a debit entry is always entered with a corresponding credit entry |
| rim | Raised border around the circumference of a coin, not to be confused with the edge. |
| interest rate floor | See floor. |
| presenting bank | Is the bank presenting the collection to the drawee. |
| market makers | The NASD member firms which buy and sell NASDAQ securities at prices they display on NASDAQ screens |
| collection | Obtaining payment. |
| dwarfs | Fifteen-year FNMA MBS pools. |
| counterfeit check/warrant | A copy of a check/warrant cashed as an original |
| discounted cash-flow method | Valuation model for projects and ventures |
| garnishment | A legal proceeding in which a person's money or wages are taken for payment of a debt |
| quote | If a company has a quote (or is 'quoted'), its shares can be bought and sold on a stock market |
| cash letter | Items (primarily checks) along with a letter that specifies amounts and directions |
| accessibility | The location of a site in terms of how easily it may be reached by customers |
| profiling | Systematic method of collecting, collating, and analyzing patient data to develop provider-specific information about medical practice. |
| liquidation preference | the contractual right of an investor to priority in receiving the proceeds from the liquidation of a company |
| current prices | The value based on prices during the reference year; nominal year. |
| closing or close | The signing of an LPA (see below) |
| cob money | Crude irregular silver coins of Spain, Central and South America. |
| fasb | See Financial Accounting Standards Board. |
| reit | See real estate investment trust. |
| prebid conference | A conference held with potential bank bidders to explain a request for proposal and answer questions. |
| net income | When a company's revenues exceed its expenses. |
| conjoined | See: accolated. |
| hart-scott-rodino act | a law requiring entities that acquire certain amounts of stock or assets of a company to inform the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice and to observe a waiting period before completing the transaction. |
| recession | The most common definition of a recession is a fall in real (inflation-adjusted) gross domestic product for two or more quarters in a row. |
| assets | Anything owned by the company having a monetary value; e.g |
| syndication | An arrangement in which two or more banks lend directly to the same borrower pursuant to one loan agreement |
| share of proceeds | A Share of Proceeds (SOP) will be deducted from CER revenues by the CDM Executive Board |
| trademark | The name or a symbol used by a manufacturer or dealer to distinguish its products from those of competitors |
| accredited independent entity | An accredited independent entity conducts the validation of the project design document for a Joint Implementation project |
| debt coverage | See debt service coverage. |
| subagent | A person upon whom the powers of an agent have been conferred not directly by the principal but by his or her agent and who has been as authorized to do so by the principal. |
| stated delay | See delay days. |
| outstanding checks | Checks written by the business after the bank statement is issued. |
| cdma | Code Division Multiple Access - a generic term for a type of digital mobile telephony technology which supports a number of mobile connections |
| negative response verification | A form of auditing account balances in which the account debtor is only requested to respond if the balance owed is not the same as the amount shown on the confirmation letter |
| mechanic's lien | A lien against real property created under state laws that give a person who makes repairs or improvements to real estate the right to place a lien against the property if that person is not paid. |
| spot market | Market for the purchase or sale of financial instruments, commodities, or other assets for cash settlement and immediate, as opposed to future, delivery |
| written record | a written document preserving knowledge of facts or events |
| spin-off | Selling off a department, or a division, of a company to make it independent company. |
| seed stage | the state of a company when it has just been incorporated and its founders are developing their product or service. |
| blue book | Nickname given to Handbook of United States Coins, an annual price guide for collectors |
| demand | Term used to describe a creditor's right to request payment in full of a debt. |
| metes and bounds | A name for a type of property description used to identify parcels of land for which the legal identification is expressed in surveying terms |
| processing float | The internal processing time that an organization takes to prepare a receipt for a deposit or an invoice for payment. |
| jotting | a brief (and hurriedly handwritten) note |
| vertical integration | Vertical integration is when two businesses at different stages of production join to form one bigger company. |
| multimodal transport document | Multimodal transport document/combined (transport) bill of lading covering at least two different modes of transport |
| fibre optics | Is where messages or signals are sent via light rather than electrical signals down a very thin strand of glass |
| net margin | See margin. |
| termination | The action taken by a secured party to end or give up its interest in collateral |
| trading statement | A review of how a company has performed over the half or full-year trading period |
| billon | A low-grade alloy used for some minor coin issues consisting usually of a mixture of silver and copper, and sometimes coated with a silver wash. |
| firm commitment | An agreement with an unrelated party that is binding on both parties and that is usually legally enforceable |
| gift tax | A federal tax on a monetary gift to a relative or friend |
| economic activity | The production, distribution, purchase, and consumption of goods and services. |
| cab | See capital appreciation bond. |
| kurtosis | See fat tail. |
| co-sale right | a contractual right of an investor to sell some of the investor's stock along with the founder's or majority shareholder's stock if either the founder or majority shareholder elects to sell stock to a third-party |
| usance letters of credit | Documentary credits which are not available by sight payment and which are therefore available against |
| social insurance program | Government-sponsored arrangement whereby: a) the benefits, eligibility requirements, and other aspects of the program are defined by statute; b) explicit provision is made to account for the income and expenses (often through a trust fund); c) it is funded by taxes or premiums paid by (or on behalf of) participants (although additional sources of funding may be provided as well), and; d) the program serves a defined population, and participation is either compulsory or the program is heavily enough subsidized that most individuals choose to participate. |
| pari passu | A lending term meaning at an equal rate or pace. |
| depositor | An individual or company that puts money in a bank account. |
| time value of money | Money has a time value |
| nonoperating/noncontributing asset | An asset unnecessary to the operation of a business enterprise and the generation of its revenues. |
| offering memorandum | a legal document that provides details of an investment to potential investors |
| coverage ratio | describes a company's ability to pay debt from cash flow or profits |
| independent guarantee | See "demand guarantee." |
| broker | An individual or firm who acts as an intermediary between a buyer and seller, usually charging a commission. |
| seventh chord | a triad with a seventh added |
| unemployment rate | The number of people who are unemployed divided by the number of people in the labor force. |
| housing starts | Number of houses on which construction has begun |
| facsimile | An exact copy of something, such as a signature. |
| maturity | The date on which payment of a financial obligation is due |
| outstanding shares | see shares outstanding. |
| daylight overdraft | A negative position in a bank's Federal Reserve account that occurs at any time during the business day. |
| restrictions | Also called restrictive covenants |
| event | A happening that has a measurable effect on the accounting equation |
| ledger | A special file maintained by all businesses into which transactions for a period of time are entered |
| call date | The date on which a call option may be exercised |
| *article 12 projects | Article 12 is one of the articles in the Kyoto Protocol |
| on-us items | Checks or drafts drawn on the same bank that is used by the payee/drawee to cash the check or deposit the proceeds |
| assets | Any possessions that have value in an exchange. |
| underwriter | • (n.) One who underwrites his name to the conditions of an insurance policy, especially of a marine policy; an insurer. |
| liability sensitive | Describes an entity's position when an increase in interest rates will hurt the entity and a decrease in interest rates will help the entity |
| clad coinage | Issues of United States dimes, quarters, halves, and dollars |
| debentures | Unsecured, long-term corporate bonds |
| straddle | An options trading strategy involving the purchase of an equal number of put and call options for the same underlying at the same strike price and with the same maturity |
| educational note | This refers to any of three issued U.S |
| strategic trading | See proprietary trading. |
| capacity | The legal ability of a person or entity to enter into a contract that is legally binding and to perform certain other civil acts such as making a will. |
| excess rent | The monetary difference between contract rent and economic rent. |
| title plant | Also called "abstract plant" in some areas |
| roe | See return on equity. |
| protection seller | Parties in a credit derivatives transaction |
| trade and efficiency | The use of trade policy that maximizes total surplus, both for consumers by importing items produced at lower costs in other countries and for producers by exporting items produced at lower costs domestically than is possible in other countries. |
| write down | put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc. |
| default judgment | A court order resulting from the failure of a defendant to answer a complaint in a lawsuit. |
| disclaimer opinion | An opinion letter accompanying audited financial statements in which the CPA states that he or she cannot express an opinion because of limitations in either the scope of the audit and/or because of uncertainties about the future which either have an effect that cannot be estimated or which cannot be resolved. |
| funds | The cash or other resource having value which may be sold in order to buy another asset. |
| suit to quiet title | A legal action intended to establish, settle or remove a cloud on the title of a particular property. |
| recapture rate | The rate of depreciation that needs to be taken to provide for a full recapture |
| price discrimination | The practice whereby one buyer is charged more than another buyer for the same product. |
| individual retirement account | a tax-deferred retirement account for individual investors |
| fdslp | Federal Direct Student Loan Program. |
| surety | (1) A person who agrees to be responsible for a debt or obligation of another |
| offer period | The period from announcement of an offer or potential offer until the closing date for the offer or the date when the offer becomes or is declared unconditional as to acceptances (that is, the acceptance condition, which requires a certain percentage of shareholders to accept, has been satisfied) or the offer lapses. |
| regulation aa | Federal Reserve Regulation titled Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices |
| meta data | Data about data |
| wartime silver | Coinage metal for 5¢ pieces, October 1942 to December 1945, |
| estoppel | A legal term describing the preclusion of a party from alleging in a legal action anything that is contrary to previous actions or admissions of that party |
| return on equity | A measure of the return realized by the owners of an enterprise |
| mule | A coin, token or medal whose obverse die is not matched with its official or regular reverse die. |
| regulation c | See Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. |
| numismatist | A person knowledgeable in numismatics, with greater knowledge than a collector. |
| alpha | Alpha (which is also known as the alpha coefficient) is a way of analysing the value that an active fund manager… |
| intercompany accounts | Accounts receivable or payable from or to affiliated companies. |
| theta | The Greek letter used in the financial industry to represent the amount by which the price of an option changes for each one-day decrease in the time remaining until its expiration. |
| adjusted gross income | Gross income of a building if fully rented, less an allowance for estimated vacancies. |
| appurtenance | Anything concrete or abstract attached to the land and thus part of the property, such as a barn, garage, or easement. |
| performance bond | Bond issued at the request of one party to a contract in favor of the other party to the contract to protect the other party against loss in the event of default on the contract by the requesting party |
| anneal | To soften dies, planchets or metal by heat treatment. |
| eurodollar cds | One type of Eurodollar deposit |
| full disclosure | In real estate, revealing all the known facts, which may affect the decision of a buyer or tenant |
| bankruptcy | A legal action taken when a credit holder cannot repay his or her debt |
| preauthorized check | A process by which the issuer of a check gives written permission to have the check written and charged against his or her account on a predetermined basis. |
| riparian rights | The rights of owners of lands bordering watercourses, which relate to the water and its use. |
| fee schedule | Maximum dollar or unit allowances for health services that apply under a specific contract. |
| public securities association | Former name for the Bond Market Association. |
| power of attorney | A document by which one person (called the "principal") authorizes another person (called the "attorney-in-fact") to act for him/her in a specific manner in designated transactions. |
| depreciation of currency | A decrease in the value of one currency relative to another. |
| engraving | Engraving of currency is a reverse process wher grooves are scraped into metal plates by the use of sharp instruments |
| general mortgage bond | A document representing an obligation secured by a mortgage. |
| ch | Choice Cherrypick - To recognize and buy a rarer variety which had been offered as |
| management rights | the rights often required by a venture capitalist as part of the agreement to invest in a company |
| general partnership | A partnership made up of general partners, without special (limited) partners. |
| audit | Process of checking each entry in a set of books to make sure it agrees with the original paperwork (invoices and receipts). |
| military payment certificate | These certificates comprise several series of U.S |
| sandblast proof | Special type of proof coin produced at the Philadelphia Mint |
| strategic investor | a relatively large corporation that agrees to invest in a young company in order to have access to a proprietary technology, product or service |
| trading | (1) The activity of buying and selling financial instruments or commodities for profit |
| bullion | Uncoined gold or silver in the form of bars, ingots or plate. |
| pe ratio | see Price earnings ratio. |
| trade letter of credit | An obligation issued by a bank on behalf of a bank customer to a third party |
| set aside | See Withdrawal Arrangements |
| access | The right to enter and leave a tract of land from a public way |
| positive response verification | A form of auditing account balances in which the account debtor is requested to respond to either confirm or dispute the balance |
| sfas | See statement of financial accounting standards. |
| narrow-based weighted average | Please check back for the definition. |
| mtns | See medium-term notes. |
| startup | Startup is a business venture that seeks a scalable business model and is characterized by high risk |
| principal component analysis | A mathematical tool used to reduce the number of variables while retaining the original variability of the data The first principal component accounts for as much of the variability in the data as possible, and each succeeding component accounts for as much of the remaining variability as possible |
| ytc | See yield to call. |
| blow-out round | see Cram-down round. |
| collecting bank | Any bank other than the remitting bank involved in the collection of a draft and/or documents. |
| original documents | Shall be considered in the frame of a documentary credit as original, a document bearing an apparently original signature, mark, stamp, or label of the issuer of the document |
| exempt | Used to describe an employee who is not protected by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. |
| security agreement | The agreement given by a debtor to a creditor giving the creditor a resource to look to in case the debtor fails to pay the principal obligation. |
| entrepreneur | an individual who starts his or her own business. |
| consideration | A required element in all contracts by which some-thing of value, including a promise, is exchanged for the act or promise of another. |
| specified disease insurance | Specified disease insurance, which is not available in some states, provides benefits for only a single disease, such as cancer, or for a group of specified diseases |
| presentment | A process by which a check is presented for payment at the drawee’s bank. |
| enabling act | A state statute that provides a legal base for zoning codes or other local governmental action. |
| marginal utility | The additional satisfaction derived from consuming an additional unit of a commodity. |
| primex auction system | An auction-format digital trading system being integrated into the NASDAQ market |
| inflation | The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. |
| deferred payment | Payment a set time after shipment or presentation of shipping documents, as opposed to immediately or "at sight." A distinction is drawn between a letter of credit that is available for deferred payment and one that is available for acceptance of time drafts in that no drafts are involved under a deferred payment L/C |
| rate of return | The annual profit per dollar invested that businesses can obtain by building new structures, adding new equipment, or increasing their inventories |
| *allowance | An allowed, possibly tradable, right-to-emit in a country that has taken on an emissions cap under the Kyoto Protocol |
| super po | A principal-only security structured as a companion bond. |
| owner’s total compensation | Total of an owner’s salary and perquisites, after the compensation of all other owners has been adjusted to market value. |
| senior creditor | A creditor holding senior debt. |
| preferential transfer | See preference. |
| eurodollar deposits | Bank deposits denominated in U.S |
| debtor | Person or business borrowing money from another person. |
| single trigger vesting acceleration | This is a type of accelerated vesting under which all or a portion of a person’s unvested stock options or restricted stock have some accelerated vesting on an event, such as a Change of Control and/or an involuntary termination |
| inside policy lag | The amount of time it takes for a government or a central bank to respond to a shock in the economy. |
| spectrum | A specific frequency range. |
| write down | A reduction in the value of an investment. |
| mortgage | (1) To hypothecate as security, real property for the payment of a debt |
| plant assets | The assets a company uses in operating its business |
| data mining | Obtaining information about customers or groups of customers from a data warehouse for marketing or other purposes. |
| depreciation methods | 1 |
| special journal | A journal that is designed to group together transactions of a similar type. |
| warrant | (1) An order drawn by a payor directing its treasurer to pay a specified amount to the person named or to the bearer |
| beneficiary | 1) A party entitled to the benefit of a trust; (2) A party who receives profit from an estate, the title of which is vested in a trustee; (3) A party to whom a insurance policy is payable; (4) The lender on the security of a note and trust deed |
| secured debt | debt that has seniority in case the borrowing company defaults or is dissolved and its assets sold to pay creditors. |
| interim report | Companies that are listed on the Stock Exchange are required to submit trading figures twice a year |
| sbic | see Small Business Investment Company. |
| l.i.b.o.r. | see The London Interbank Offered Rate. |
| extinguishment | See discharge. |
| consolidation | see Rollup. |
| boat anchor | a person, project or activity that hinders the growth of a company. |
| judgement creditor | A party who has received from the court a decree or judgment against a debtor to to have him or her pay all money due. |
| track 2 | ERUs from JI projects may be generated via the Track 2 procedure if the host country is party to the Kyoto Protocol but only fulfils the requirements of having a national registry and an Assigned Amount |
| loss payable clause | A provision added to a Fire and Casualty Policy which says any loss will be paid to two or more parties as their interest may appear |
| rating | This describes the valuation put on a share |
| times interest earned | See interest-coverage ratio. |
| vested | Having the right to use a portion of a fund such as an individual retirement fund |
| call | An option that grants the holder the right to purchase an instrument in the future at a price established today |
| dividend cover | EPS/DPS |
| multinational corporation | a company with production facilities or other assets in different countries that makes business decisions in a global context. |
| realty | A brief term for real estate. |
| home inspection | A thorough inspection that evaluates the structural and mechanical condition of a property |
| now now account | See Negotiable Order of Withdrawal. |
| kitchen sink bonds | (1) An informal name for some re-REMICs created when tranches of existing CMO REMICs are combined and used to collateralize new securities |
| consideration | Something of value which induces a person to enter into a contract |
| public goods | Goods and services which can be consumed by one person without diminishing the amount of them that others can consume and which there is no way to prevent citizens from consuming, whether they pay for them or not. |
| direct lease | A form of lease financing in which the bank acquires property from a supplier and then leases that property directly to an end user |
| preemptive rights | the rights of shareholders to maintain their percentage ownership of a company by buying shares sold by the company in future financing rounds. |
| demand letter | A notice issued to a borrower, warning of the imminent danger of foreclosure. |
| full ratchet | an anti-dilution protection mechanism whereby the price per share of the preferred stock of investor A is adjusted downward due to the issuance of new preferred shares to new investor B at a price lower than the price investor A originally received |
| emerging markets | Newly industrialised countries or markets with above-average growth potential and developing financial markets. |
| amenities | Satisfaction of enjoyable living to be derived from a home; conditions of agreeable living or a beneficial influence from the location of the improvements that are not measured in monetary considerations but rather as tangible and intangible benefits of the property which often result in greater pride of ownership |
| release statement | The form prescribed by the Uniform Commercial Code for indicating the release of all or part of a security interest. |
| progress payments | Progress payments are payments made by the purchaser in stages as the seller acquires or builds the property to be sold |
| middle c | the note designated by the first ledger line below the treble staff; 261.63 hertz |
| long / short equity | Long / short equity is becoming increasingly popular as a hedge fund strategy. |
| variable life insurance | A form of life insurance very similar to whole life insurance |
| ex parte | A one sided action or an act done in behalf of one person only. |
| documentary credit | A documentary credit is an irrevocable engagement given by an issuing bank to honour a complying presentation thereunder |
| credit enhancement | A measure that alters the structure of a security in a way that reduces its credit risk |
| ftp | See funds transfer pricing. |
| internal liquidity risk | A term defined by the Federal Reserve |
| regulation m | See Consumer Leasing Act. |
| tariff | A tax imposed by the government on imported goods (designed to cut down on imports and thus protect domestic industry and workers from foreign competition). |
| personal identification number | A code that provides security for consumers at an ATM. |
| brass | Coinage metal alloy containing chiefly copper and zinc. |
| symmetric | Behavior exhibited by financial instruments whose rates or values move linearly with respect to changes in market rates. |
| net portfolio value | A term used by the Office of Thrift Supervision to refer to a proxy value for an institution’s capital when the rate sensitivity of capital is measured |
| maturity date | The date a financial instrument's contractual term expires |
| britannia | Gold bullion coin and its fractionals to be issued by Great Britain beginning in 1987; also, the allegorical figure representing Britain. |
| regulation d | an SEC regulation that governs private placements |
| equity risk premium | The return required by investors over and above the return on risk-free investments such as government bonds to compensate for the additional risks involved in equity investment |
| lloyd's register | Register of ship classifications. |
| income approach | A method of establishing market value by using rental income as a factor for calculating value. |
| buyout | The oft mentioned “BO” |
| handsigned note | One which has one or more actual autogtaphed signatures of an authorized person |
| russell 2000® index | a widely-used benchmark for mutual funds that invest in small-cap companies, representing 2,000 small companies with an average market capitalization of approximately $1.4 billion. |
| index fund | a mutual fund designed to replicate market performance by holding a portfolio that mirrors the composition of an index, such as the S&P 500. |
| retrospective claim review | Examination of claim data after completion of medical services to assess appropriateness of care or reimbursement for services. |
| sight | Time of presentation, as in a draft payable "at sight" or "90 days after sight." |
| durable power of attorney | An individual's appointment of a representative to act on his or her behalf via a legal document that remains in effect of incapacity of the grantor. |
| fob | Abbreviation for "free on board (Named port of shipment)." |
| affidavit | A statement or declaration reduced to writing and sworn to or affirmed before a public official who has authority to administer an oath or affirmation. |
| staff appraiser | An individual qualified under Federal rules to perform real estate appraisals who is employed by and performs appraisals for the financial institution contemplating the extension of credit to be secured by the property to be appraised |
| open repo | See continuous repo. |
| creditor | A person to whom a debt is owed by another person who is the "debtor." |
| subtonic | (music) the seventh note of the diatonic scale |
| intestate | (1) Deceased without leaving a legally valid will. |
| mid-market value | The average of bid and offer price. |
| *linking directive | The "linking directive" is the name given to the EU directive that permits companies to use CDM and JI carbon credits for compliance with their targets under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme |
| single-payment loan | Another name for a time or balloon loan |
| insolvency | The lack of adequate capital |
| co-investment | the direct investment by a limited partner alongside a general partner in a portfolio company. |
| conservatism | An accounting concept that states the revenue is only recorded when fully realized. |
| vested | Present ownership rights, absolute and fixed. |
| ineffective hedge | See hedge effectiveness. |
| non-competition agreement | A Non-Competition Agreement is a legal agreement under which two parties agree not to engage in competitive business activities with a company for a certain period of time and in a certain geographic region |
| sec | See Securities and Exchange Commission. |
| forward delivery | The transfer of commodities or foreign exchange at a specified date subsequent to the date of the contract that provides for the transfer. |
| trade-off | Refers to losing one quality or aspect of something in return for gaining another quality or aspect. |
| nasdaq smallcap market | A stock market for smaller companies which cannot satisfy the listing requirements of the Nasdaq National Market |
| musical notation | (music) notation used by musicians |
| gross profit method | The method of valuing inventory that uses the ratio of cost of goods sold to net sales. |
| dual agency | An agent representing both the buyer and seller in a transaction |
| lot split | The division of an existing small parcel into two separate parcels. |
| yankee cds | Certificates of deposit denominated in U.S |
| hard money loan | A debt that is taken on in exchange for cash. |
| distraint | The legal right of a landlord to obtains a court order to seize a tenant’s personal property to satisfy payment of back rent |
| moratorium | Temporary suspension of development or utilities connections imposed by local government. |
| bid | The amount a party offers to pay. |
| tax commission | This has to be completed within 90 days from the notification of the decision |
| proof | Coins struck for collectors using specially polished or otherwise |
| proceeds | Money or property received when collateral is sold, exchanged, or collected. |
| nasdaq® | the Nasdaq® Composite Index is a measure of approximately 3,200 companies traded on the NASDAQ over-the-counter exchange |
| systemic liquidity risk | Liquidity risk arising from causes external to the entity |
| sales charge | see load |
| debt sinking fund | See sinking fund. |
| obsolescence | Asset is no longer efficient in producing a product or service due to technological innovations. |
| title plant | Also called “abstract plant” in some areas |
| clearstream | is an international clearing system located in Europe, which provides storage, clearing and settlement of transactions with international securities; it was established in 2000 as a result of a merge of Cedel and Clearinghouse Deutsche Boerse Clearing; since July 2002 it has completely come under management of Deutsche Boerse AG |
| quiet title | To free the title to a piece of land from the claims of other persons by means of a court action called a “quiet title” action |
| judgment | A general lien, which attaches to all the lands of the judgment debtor when docketed; the final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or special proceeding. |
| general membership | A partnership made up of general partners, without special (limited) partners. |
| micr | See magnetic ink character recognition. |
| otc | See over the counter. |
| shell | The term shell typically refers to a company that has been duly organised and is currently in existence, but that has no history of operations. |
| trading as | Designation, usually following a name, indicating that a name used by a business is not the legal name of the entity doing business but is an assumed name or trade name instead. |
| small business investment company | A licensed member of a U.S |
| imports | The goods and services that a country buys from other countries. |
| civil war token | Unofficial pieces made to approximate size of current U.S. |
| constant returns to scale | A long-run situation where, if the firm increases the amount of all inputs by the same proportion, output increases by the same proportion as each of the inputs. |
| rate cap | 1 |
| full set | All signed originals of a document |
| liquidity reserves | The amount of unused capacity to meet unexpected reductions in funding or unexpected new funding requirements in the future |
| treasury notes | Medium-term obligations issued by the U.S |
| smm | See single monthly mortality rate. |
| founder | a person who participates in the creation of a company |
| risk-free rate | a term used in finance theory to describe the return from investing in a riskless security |
| general partnership | A partnership in which every partner is fully liable to the full extent of his, her, or its net worth for all the obligations of the partnership. |
| fra | See forward rate agreement. |
| market supply curve | A curve, usually sloping upward to the right, showing the relationship between a product’s price and the quantity supplied of the product. |
| hud-1 form | See Uniform settlement statement. |
| educational notes | The Series 1896 $1, $2 and $5 silver certificates are called Educational notes because of the allegorical and educational themes of the vignettes |
| interest rate | See “Coupon Rate”. |
| mortgage reit | See real estate investment trust. |
| plaintiff | The party bringing a civil action against the defendant. |
| performance share units | Phantom shares that are granted to the members of the Executive Board as a part of their compensation within the framework of our long-term incentive plans depending on the development of value added. |
| credit memos | Accounting adjustments that reduce account receivable balances due from account debtors |
| european option european-style option | An option that the holder can exercise only on the expiration date |
| internal debt | That part of a country’s total debt that is owed to lenders within that country. |
| bill of exchange | A draft. |
| alpha | a term derived from statistics and finance theory that is used to describe the return produced by a fund manager in excess of the return of a benchmark index |
| range bonds | See accrual bond. |
| average annual total return | the annual rate of return, including reinvestment of distributions, earned over a specific period of time. |
| ginnie mae® | see Government National Mortgage Association. |
| robert morris associates | A national organization of bank commercial loan and credit officers. |
| bronze | Coinage metal alloy containing chiefly copper and tin. |
| share purchase agreement | Agreement further to which one or more purchasers buy shares issued by one or more target companies from one or more sellers |
| corporation | An entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state, composed of individuals united under a common name, and which for certain legal purposes is considered a natural person |
| insolvency | The inability to make payments. |
| normative economics | Economic propositions about what ought to be, or about what a person, organization, or country ought to do. |
| hologram | A special type of photographic film used in 3D imaging |
| development fund | Venture capital funds focused on investing in later stage companies in need of expansion capital. |
| lender | Any person or entity advancing funds which are to be repaid |
| capital call | A demand by a private equity fund for some part of the money which has been committed (i.e |
| compensation | For example, sales (as opposed to donations, which are “free deeds”) |
| tax anticipation notes | Short-term notes sold by a public entity that will be repaid from the proceeds of anticipated tax collections. |
| denticles | Ornamental device used on rims of coins, often resembling teeth, hence the name; also "beading." |
| depletion | Method to record the using, or consumption, of natural resources |
| deterioration | A worsening of the condition of a property. |
| institutionalization | Admission of an individual to an institution, such as a nursing home. |
| vulture capitalist | Negative term for an investor who smells fast money and who is not serious about investing in companies with long-term potential. |
| posting reference | A reference that tells you where an entry originated and where it was posted. |
| forbearance agreement | An agreement between a creditor and a debtor |
| advance | Same as draw. |
| coin | Usually a piece of metal, marked with a device, issued by a governing authority and intended to be used as money. |
| added value | A private equity management team's exceptional experience, know-how or valuable business contacts which constitute a vital input for the growth of investee companies. |
| credit sales | Sales made by a business for which the customer agrees to pay at a later date. |
| tax title | The title transferred through a tax sale. |
| tombstone | The informal name for a published notice listing the major participants in a syndicated loan or newly issued security. |
| arpeggio | a chord whose notes are played in rapid succession rather than simultaneously |
| proof set | Group of proof coins of one date, as sold by the mint in the year |
| self-contained appraisal report | One of three types of real estate appraisal reports defined under Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice rules |
| check 21 act | The Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (Pub |
| fed wire | An informal name for the Federal Reserve Communications System |
| replacement cost | The cost of erecting a building to take the place of or serve the functions of a previous structure. |
| incumbency certificate | A list of the names of the individuals holding various corporate offices within a corporation. |
| shark repellent | Defence mechanisms or tactics designed to discourage undesired take-over bids |
| trill | a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it |
| tenancy | An interest in real property giving the right to its possession and use |
| yacht basin | A system of docks and channels used for the keeping of yachts and similar boats. |
| control stock | Control stock is stock held by a person who directly or indirectly controls the management of the issuing company |
| restrictive covenant | In the context of venture capital, an agreement in which the executive management of an investee company or a private equity fund undertakes not to carry on competing activities. |
| reserves | A specific amount of money pre-funded and set aside to assure adequate funds to cover future claims |
| exchange-traded derivative contracts | Some derivatives are traded on organized exchanges |
| category iii countries | Category III refers to relatively under-developed countries and is the Consensus classification based on GNP per capita income.CLAIMING BANK |
| acquisition financing | Companies often need to use external finance to fund an acquisition |
| correlation | The degree of relationship between two sets of data |
| market liquidity risk | The potential that an institution cannot easily unwind or offset specific exposures, such as investments held as liquidity reserves, without incurring a loss because of inadequate market depth or market disruptions |
| roaming | The facility for a subscriber to use his/ her mobile for both outgoing and incoming calls on any other network, in the same or another country, that has entered into a commercial roaming agreement with the subscriber's home network. |
| contract | A way to make a promise legally enforceable. |
| b/l | Abbreviation for "bill of lading." |
| eitf | See Emerging Issues Task Force. |
| vat code | The tax code is automatically assigned to all citizens by the Information System |
| nikkei 225 | The Nikkei 225 isJapan's major stockmarket index. |
| *independent entity | An independent entity is a body which validates the baseline setting approach and calculations for a JI project |
| funding gap | See liquidity mismatch. |
| lis pendens | Legal notice that a lawsuit is pending |
| aes grave | Cast bronze issue of the Roman republic; literally "heavy bronze." |
| realization ratio | the ratio of cumulative distributions to paid-in capital |
| ppm | see Private placement memorandum. |
| gasb | See Government Accounting Standards Board. |
| ledgering | A type of secured, working capital lending |
| commercial letter of credit | A name sometimes given to a variant of documentary credit under which the credit is negotiable by any bank |
| lp | see Limited partner. |
| gap analysis | A technique or process for quantifying exposure to adverse consequences from changes in interest rates |
| cmo | See collateralized mortgage obligation. |
| making a market | The conduct of a dealer who buys or sells at his or her bid and offered prices to ensure that there is a secondary market for other buyers or sellers |
| large cent | Refers to the U.S |
| rollover | a tax-free reinvestment of a distribution from a retirement plan into an IRA or other qualified plan, providing the reinvestment is completed within 60 days of receiving the distribution |
| expenditures | Decreases in net financial resources |
| subsidized loan | A subsidized loan is awarded on the basis of financial need, which is determined by the information provided on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) |
| capital group | the umbrella organization for the Capital Research and Management CompanySM, American Funds Distributors, American Funds Service Company and Capital Bank and Trust Company. |
| forgery | The fraudulent signing of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage or check. |
| strangle | A trading strategy using options that is designed to profit from material increases in the volatility of the underlying |
| gp | see General partner. |
| dilution protection | see Anti-dilution and Ratchet. |
| improved land | Land that has had some improvements required to serve a useful purpose and has been partially or completely developed. |
| expiration date | The final date on which an option may be used |
| recapitalization | Change in a company's capital structure |
| weighted-average maturity | The average of the time remaining until the contractual maturity date for the loans in an MBS pool weighted by the size of each loan |
| judgment proof | One against whom a judgment creditor cannot collect (no assets) |
| end user | A counterparty who intends to own the position |
| rent | In the context of Chapter 23, the return derived from an input that is fixed in supply. |
| medalet | Depending on sources, a small medal no larger than 1 inch in diameter or a medal 35 millimeters in diameter or less. |
| closing price | The last transaction price for a stock on a particular day. |
| amendment | A change to alter, add to, or correct part of an agreement without changing the principal idea or essence. |
| quartile | one fourth of the data points in a data set |
| lease | 1 |
| chord | a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together |
| fca | Abbreviation for "free carrier (Named place)." |
| selling shareholders | Investors in a company who sell part or all of their stake as part of that company's IPO. |
| syndicate transaction | Type a) when a general contractor assumes responsibility for the execution of a large order, issues a performance guarantee and includes his sub-contractors (syndicate members) in the risk with counter-guarantees |
| term insurance | A form of life insurance that has no built-in savings feature and does not accumulate any cash surrender value. |
| poste restante | a notation written on mail that is to be held at the post office until called for (not in the United States or Canada) |
| lateral support | The right of a landowner to the natural support of his land by adjoining land |
| quarter eagle | A United States two and a half dollar gold coin. |
| stock option | a right to purchase or sell a share of stock at a specific price within a specific period of time |
| negative sloping yield curve | See yield curve slope. |
| interval ownership | A contiguous urban development larger than a city or metropolitan area. |
| stock symbol | A unique letter symbol assigned to a security (i.e., NDAQ = NASDAQ). |
| medical necessity | Term used by insurers to describe medical treatment that is appropriate and in accordance with generally accepted standards of medical practice. |
| fica | Federal Insurance Contributions Act |
| technology assignment agreement | A Technology Assignment Agreement is an agreement signed by the founder to transfer intellectual property, which has been created by the founder prior to formation of a startup, to the startup usually in exchange for founder’s stock. After the startup is formed, the founder also usually signs a Proprietary Information Invention Assignment Agreement to assign intellectual property developed while an employee of the startup. |
| buffalo | See bison. |
| cpt | Abbreviation for "carriage paid to (Named place of destination)." |
| goodwill | An intangible asset which provides a competitive advantage, such as a strong brand, reputation, patents, royalties and trademarks |
| minutes of use | Vodacom’s average monthly minutes of use per customer, or average MOU, is calculated by dividing the average monthly minutes during the period by its average monthly total reported customer base during the period |
| roa | See return on assets. |
| financial accounting | Communicates financial information to external users. |
| doubled die | A die which has a multiple image created during the die-making process |
| condition census | Term introduced by Dr |
| specialization | The usage of economic resources for specific tasks; “resources” can refer to materials or labor. |
| contingent | Dependent upon conditions or events specified but not yet accomplished |
| building capitalization rate | In appraising |
| economies in transition | These refer to countries which are in the process of re-structuring their economies towards a more market-oriented system |
| accredited investor | An Accredited Investor is a concept under US federal securities laws that refers to persons who are financially sophisticated and have a reduced need for the protection of the securities authorities. Examples of accredited investors are: |
| exercise | The implementation or use of a contractual right, for example, a call option holder’s purchase of the underlying security. |
| *credits | These are assigned for emissions reductions |
| prospectus | A document that describes the details and financial support for a new bond or stock issue offering |
| trial balance | A complete list of all business accounts and their current balances. |
| managerial accounting | Communicates financial information to internal users (management). |
| currency risk | This is the type of risk that comes from the change in price of one currency against another… |
| barter | The exchange of goods or commodities for other goods or commodities. |
| stock symbol | a system of letters used to identify a stock or mutual fund |
| defect | A blemish, imperfection or deficiency |
| white knight | A company that makes a friendly takeover offer to a target company that is being faced with a hostile takeover from a separate party. |
| submediant | (music) the sixth note of a major or minor scale (or the third below the tonic) |
| micro | Very small or microscopic. |
| export letter of credit | Term used by an exporter to describe a commercial letter of credit in his favor or by a bank to describe a letter of credit issued by a bank other than itself |
| bottom-up investing | Bottom-up investing is a strategy that overlooks the significance of industry or economic factors and instead focuses on the analyses of individual stocks and companies. |
| civil war tokens | Privately-issued emergency coin-like tokens, the approximate size of current U.S |
| firm quotation | The NASD requirement that a Market Maker who receives an order from another broker/dealer execute the order at its displayed price and size |
| derivatives market | Segment of an exchange in which derivatives, and in particular options and futures, are traded. |
| ancient coin | Generally any coin issued before A.D |
| collateralized bond obligation | A multi-tranche security secured by a pool of corporate securities (generally noninvestment-grade corporate bonds) or sovereign debt |
| bear market | a prolonged period of falling prices, typically defined as a 20% or greater drop from a market peak |
| owner’s salary | The salary or wages paid to the owner, including related payroll burden. |
| equivalent bond yield | See bond equivalent yield. |
| non-disclosure agreement | an agreement issued by entrepreneurs to protect the privacy of their ideas when disclosing those ideas to third parties. |
| g | Good |
| advisory board | An advisory board is common among smaller companies |
| absolute return | The return an asset achieves over time, without comparison to the overall market, other assets or benchmarks. |
| hedge accounting | Deferring recognition of unrealized gains and losses from a hedge instrument until the corresponding gains or losses from the hedged instrument(s) are recognized |
| accrued expense | An expense that has not yet been paid, but the company has received the benefit. |
| heir | One who might inherit or succeed to an interest in land of an individual who dies without leaving a will (intestate). |
| etc | Abbreviation for "export trading company." |
| zba | See zero-balance account. |
| triggers | Data point or indicator that suggests further study or review |
| market value | The value of a financial instrument based upon the price at which a financial instrument is purchased or sold or the price at which it could presumably be purchased or sold |
| balance of payments | The balance of payments refers to the accounts that sum up a country’s financial position relative to other countries. |
| bicentennial coins | The special quarter dollar, half dollar and dollar struck from mid-1975 to the end of 1976 in honor of the 200th anniversary of American Independence |
| variable costs | Costs, such as fuel and raw material costs, that vary with the level of production.- back to top |
| sole proprietorship | A business owned by one person or married persons |
| average length of stay | One measure of use of health facilities, reported as an average number of inpatient days spent in a hospital or other health care facility per admission or discharge |
| break fee | A break fee (also referred to as an inducement fee) is a sum agreed between the offerer and the target company to be paid to the offerer by the target only if specified events occur which prevent the offer from proceeding or if the offer fails. |
| continuing guaranty | A guaranty in which the guarantor agrees to guarantee all future loans made to that borrower by the bank, not just the loan or loans made as part of the transaction in which the guaranty was obtained. |
| easement by prescription | An easement acquired by open, notorious, hostile and continuous use of a property for the period of time as prescribed by law. |
| beneficiary | the person or entity entitled to receive an account after the death of the owner (or, in the case of a retirement plan account, the participant) |
| acknowledgment | A formal declaration before a duly authorized officer (such as a notary public) by a person who has executed an instrument that such execution is his own act and deed |
| ptd | See payable-through-draft. |
| small island developing states. | This refers to Pacific, Carribean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranian and African island nations, connected within the Small Island Developing States network (SIDSnet). |
| conservator | A person appointed by the court to care for the person and/or property of an incompetent adult or an adult unable to care for their person or property because of health.(back to top) |
| security | a document that represents an interest in a company |
| release | A document or a process in which a secured party gives up its collateral interest in the property of the debtor |
| security agreement | An agreement between one or more debtors and one or more creditors in which the debtor grants the creditor an interest in the debtor’s personal property as collateral for the debt |
| relative return | The return an asset achieves over time, when taking into account the overall market, other assets or benchmarks |
| stock exchange | The physical location where brokers transact business for their clients |
| *fungibility | Fungibility is the concept that the different types of reduction credits accruing under each mechanism are all equivalent. |
| principal | Party entrusting a draft and/or documents to a bank for collection of payment; usually the seller of goods. |
| agency | A relationship created when one person (the principal) delegates to another (the agent) the fight to act on his or her behalf in business transactions. |
| experimental pieces | Struck from any convenient dies to test a new metal, new alloy or new denomination; those testing a new shape; those testing a standard metal for a new denomination; and those representing changes in planchets for the purposes of combating counterfeiting. |
| correspondent bank | A bank that serves as a depository and provides banking services for another bank. |
| occ | See Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. |
| reciprocity | When one major entity will accept the documentation used by another major entity |
| syndicate | a group of investors that agree to participate in a round of funding for a company |
| independent fund | One in which the main source of fundraising is from third parties |
| zero-balance account | A cash management service offered by banks |
| plate number | A small number that sometimes appears on currency showing the number of the plate used to print it |
| point | See basis point. |
| squatter | One who settles upon unoccupied land without legal claim or authority |
| marginal product of labor | The additional output resulting from the addition of an extra unit of labor. |
| direct costs | see Cost of revenue. |
| corporate governance | Following earlier work done by committees chaired by Cadbury, Hampel and Greenbury, a Combined Code on Corporate Governance |
| coppock indicator | The Coppock Breadth Indicator, originally known as Trendex’s Timing Technique for Texas Traders, is used to identify buy signals from around the bottom of a bear market… |
| flood hazard zone | A geographic area officially designated under Federal law as an area that might experience damage from flooding |
| liquidity discount | a decrease in the value of a private company compared to the value of a similar but publicly traded company |
| judicial foreclosure | A court action to taken to collect a debt owed. |
| *foreign direct investment | External finance invested in companies in a host country. |
| vesting | Vesting is a means of earning equity according to a metric, usually time. The most common vesting terms for startups is 25% of the equity (or stock options) vests after 1 year of service (often called a "cliff"), and the remainder of the equity (or stock options) vests in 36 equal monthly installments over the next three years |
| national debt | The amount owed by the government |
| value investing | A fund management style that focuses on the selection of value stocks |
| wage-bracket method | A commonly used technique for computing employee federal income tax deductions. |
| pool factor | See factor. |
| reversed merger | Selling your company to a quoted company, by taking a strong equity position in the quoted company. |
| joint and several liability | A responsibility where two or more parties are liable for the full payment of a debt or obligation and where the creditor may enforce payment against all of the parties together (jointly) or against each individually (severally). |
| treasury bills | Short-term U.S |
| inside round | a round of financing in which the investors are the same investors as the previous round |
| elevator pitch | An Elevator Pitch is a short 30 to 60 second statement that summarizes a the valuation proposition of a startup |
| burn rate | The rate at which an investee company consumes investment capital. |
| joint venture | A business arrangement between two or more persons |
| capacity | A lending and credit analysis term that describes a borrower’s or applicant’s ability to meet debt service obligations |
| credit default swaps | See credit swap. |
| legal risk | The risk to earnings or capital arising from unenforceable contracts, lawsuits, adverse judgments, or nonconformance with laws, rules, and regulations |
| mortgage constant | Percentages that are an expression of the total interest and principal payments that must be made each year to fully amortize a loan over a specified number of years using level payments. |
| transaction date | The date that a purchase was made or a cash advance was taken. |
| deposit notes | A form of bank obligation that is similar to a deposit |
| revolving period | A term used for asset backed securities to describe a period of time during which principal payments received from the underlying loan collateral are reinvested in new loan receivables thereby enabling the investor/ABS balance to remain constant |
| authority to pay | See "cable for authority to pay." |
| yard lumber | Lumber generally found in a lumber yard, that is, lumber graded for general building purposes. |
| convergence | Describes an inevitable change in the relationship between cash and futures prices for instruments until delivery |
| pillar one pension | Pillar one refers to the public pension provisions, which are provided by the government. |
| listing requirements | The standards to be satisfied for a security to be admitted to trading on an exchange |
| forced placed insurance | Insurance purchased by a creditor covering personal or real property owned by debtor |
| unsecured | A lien for which no specific property stands as security for the debt. |
| property brief | A folder that presents pertinent information about a property. |
| continental dollar | A dollar-sized pattern struck in 1776 as a proposed coinage. |
| preference shares | In return for receiving a fixed rate of return (even if the company prospers dramatically in the future), preference shareholders have a certain level of protection in that, if the company goes bankrupt, they will receive their money back (if there is any left to give) before the Ordinary Shareholders |
| demolition | The necessary destruction and removal of an existing structure from a site in order to prepare it for new construction |
| certificate of incorporation | A Certificate of Incorporation is the primary constitutional document for a Delaware corporation that sets forth the authorized classes and series of stock, the rights, preferences and privileges of such stock and other matters. |
| constant percent prepayment | An expression of mortgage loan prepayments in annual terms |
| contract risk | Risk that the buyer of goods will renege on the contract (as opposed to simply being unable to pay). |
| sec rule 144 | A rule issued by the SEC that governs stock issued under special circumstances |
| portfolio | A collection of financial assets belonging to a single owner |
| master agreement | (1) Securities A written contract covering all future transactions between the parties to repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements and establishing each party's rights in the transactions |
| drawee | The party to whom a check or draft is written |
| housing debt-to-income ratio | The percentage of gross monthly income that goes toward paying the monthly housing expense. |
| z score | One of the oldest and most well-known insolvency prediction formulas |
| weighted-average life | See average life. |
| articles of incorporation | Articles of Incorporation are the document for a California corporation equivalent to the Certificate of Incorporation of a Delaware corporation |
| collection service | A service performed by a neutral third party in receiving and disbursing loan payments as instructed by the parties concerned. |
| writer | The party that sells an option contract |
| building codes | A systematic method established by ordinance or law of regulating and setting minimum construction standards for buildings within a municipality to protect the public's safety and health. |
| risk factors | Considerations that are disclosed in the prospectus that might materially affect the company's financials, stock price, or reputation in a negative way. |
| asset-based fee | an annual fee charged by some broker-dealers for advice, which usually ranges from 0.5% to 3% of assets |
| opening premium | The difference between the opening price and offering price, given that the difference is positive. |
| margin | Margin is a fixed part of the floating interest rate |
| disclaimer | 1 |
| deal flow | The number of investment opportunities available to a private equity house. |
| lehman formula | A compensation formula initiated by Lehman Brothers for investment banking activities, originally structured as follows: 5% of the first $ million involved in the transaction; 4% of the second $ million ; 3% of the third $ million ; 2% of the fourth $ million ; and 1% of everything thereafter (ie above $4 million). |
| public records | The records which by law give constructive notice to all of matters relating to land. |
| call or calling | Making demand for payment in full of a loan, usually a loan that is in default, Often referred to as calling the loan. |
| legalisation | Certification of papers (e.g |
| dilution rate | Dilution as a percentage of gross sales. |
| fair value hedge | A type of hedge defined by FAS 133 |
| treasury inflation-protected securities | Securities issued by the U.S |
| bankruptcy | A special proceeding under federal, or in some instances state, laws by which the property of a debtor is protected by the court and may be divided among the debtor’s creditors and the debtor. |
| rho | A Greek letter used in the financial industry to represent the sensitivity of an option’s price to changes in interest rates. |
| entrepreneur | An Entrepreneur is a person who engages in a new business for profit, often with substantial risk of failure. |
| class | See tranche. |
| swift | See Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. |
| certificate of title | See title opinion. |
| radar note | One whose serial number reads the same, forward or backward |
| attest | An official act establishing authenticity or to affirm that a statement or document is true, genuine or accurate. |
| registered | A form of ownership of certificated bonds |
| microprinting | Extremely small lettering difficult to discern with the naked eye, used as an anti-counterfeiting device on paper money. |
| blue note | a flattened third or seventh |
| sim penetration | Is the measurement of the number of active SIM cards in the country expressed as a percentage of the total population |
| warrant | An option to purchase stock in a company, typically exercised over an extended period. |
| escheat | The reversion of property to the state when an owner dies leaving no legal heirs, devisees or claimants. |
| spread risk | See basis risk. |
| american arts gold medallions | A series of 1ounce and half-ounce gold bullion medals issued by the U.S |
| waive | To knowingly abandon, relinquish, or surrender a right, benefit, or claim. |
| owner's withdrawals | Assets removed from a company by the owner for personal use. |
| terra cotta lumber | Very porous earthenware which can hold a nail and be cut without breaking or shattering. |
| chattel | An archaic term for personal property that was common in many states before the adoption of the UCC |
| electrum | A natural mixture of gold and silver. |
| market maker | An individual or entity that stands ready to buy or sell financial instruments at all times |
| t-account | A tool used to learn the double-entry accounting system |
| amendment | Any change made to the terms of a credit |
| proprietary credit card | A private labeled credit card typically issued by a department store or petroleum company that can only be used at those specific outlets. |
| naked | The position of an option holder who does not also own an offsetting position in the underlying |
| defined benefit plan | a tax-deferred company retirement plan, such as a pension, in which the benefit to participants is defined in advance, based on criteria such as salary history and years of service, and in which the employer bears the investment risk. |
| us government survey system | See United States Government Survey System |
| corporation tax | The tax levied on the profits of companies. The percentage varies depending on the size of the profits earned; typically 20-30% |
| liabilities | Debts or obligations a company owes to its creditors. |
| lean startup | A Lean Startup is a term originated and made popular by Eric Ries |
| yield curve smoothing. | See smoothing. |
| current liabilities | The group of liabilities considered to be the shortest term |
| partnership | An association of two or more persons who have contracted to join in business and share the profits. |
| wall-bearing construction | Weight of roofs and floors supported entirely by the exterior walls, with no load-bearing partitions |
| narrow-based weighted average ratchet | a type of anti-dilution mechanism |
| share split | This is done for the same reasons as a bonus/scrip issue, ie |
| cost of revenue | the expenses generated by the core operations of a company. |
| limited partner clawback | This is a common term of the private equity partnership agreement |
| alzheimer's disease | A form of organic dementia resulting in premature mental deterioration, first described in 1906 by German neurologist, Alois Alzheimer |
| public debt | The total financial obligations incurred by all governmental bodies of a nation; the national debt |
| check card | See debit card. |
| unilateral recission | A legal action taken by one party to repeal a contract when the other party has breached a contract |
| current assets | Assets which will be used up or converted into cash within a short period of time, typically a year. |
| fail | The event of a securities purchase or sale transaction not settling as intended by the parties. |
| seasoned loans | Loans for which a year or more has passed since periodic payments began |
| leasehold improvements | Things such as walls, air conditioners, and shelves that are added to leased space. |
| oas | See option-adjusted spread. |
| bank reconciliation | The process of comparing and correcting the bank statement data against the business's checkbook data. |
| intermediate care | Care that may, but does not necessarily need to be delivered by a skilled professional. |
| principle of regression | An appraisal principle that holds that a property of higher quality in a neighborhood of properties of lower quality seeks the value level of the properties of lower quality |
| encroachment | The presence of an improvement such as a building, wall, fence, or other fixture, which overlaps onto the property of an adjoining owner. |
| moral obligation bond | Revenue bonds issued by state agencies, government commissions, or other special purpose municipal entities that purport to have the added backing of a moral obligation of the city or state government |
| fillet head | The head of Liberty on United States coins with hair tied with |
| junior debt | a loan that has a lower priority than a senior loan in case of a liquidation of the asset or borrowing company |
| no-shop clause | a section of an agreement to purchase a company whereby the seller agrees not to market the company to other potential buyers for a specific time period. |
| growth stage | the state of a company when it has received one or more rounds of financing and is generating revenue from its product or service |
| bust | Device including head, neck, and some part of shoulder or chest. |
| seed capital | Seed Capital is the capital used to fund a startup at its initial stages |
| scale-up | the process of a company growing quickly while maintaining operational and financial controls in place |
| price index | A measure from the BLS that calculates the average change in selling prices for producers of goods and services over time. |
| residual | (1) For sequential-pay CMO structures, a residual tranche is the CMO tranche that receives the excess cash flow that remains after all of the payments due to the holders of other tranches and all of the administrative expenses have been met |
| food programs | Federal antipoverty programs that distribute food to the poor, either directly from surpluses produced by farm programs or indirectly via stamps that can be exchanged for food. |
| monte carlo simulation | A statistical technique that involves using a large number of repeated calculations |
| coronet | Style of Liberty Head used on U.S |
| e-sign law | See Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act. |
| realized gain or loss | Gain or loss that is recorded in the general journal and is shown on the income statement. |
| allied military currency | notes used in WWII by Allied military forces |
| supertonic | (music) the second note of a diatonic scale |
| script | Paper money other than regular government currency. |
| agent | One who has authorization, either expressed or implied, to act for or represent another party, usually in business matters. |
| remitting bank | In a draft collection transaction, the first bank in the chain of collection; the principal’s or seller’s bank. |
| luster | The glossy mint bloom on the surface of an Uncirculated coin. |
| lookback | The interval of time, or lag, between the date when an index value is established and the date when the payment rate and/or accrual rate is changed. |
| flan | A blank piece of metal in the size and shape of a coin |
| restrictions | Often called restrictive covenants |
| customer | A third party for whom an agent provides some level of informational service. |
| georgian architecture | A colonial style of architecture dating back to the eighteenth century |
| daily repricing | Daily repricing is a feature of exchange-traded funds (ETF) and can affect your expected performance, especially on inverse products. |
| fee simple absolute | A Title that is absolute and unqualified and is the best one can have giving complete ownership and control of real property without any conditions or limitations.. |
| lettered edge | The narrow edge of a coin bearing an inscription, found on |
| *ji supervisory committee | The JI Supervisory Committee, a body which will be set up after entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, will be the overseeing body for second track JI projects |
| standby letter of credit | An obligation issued by a bank on behalf of a bank customer to a third party |
| notice of cessation | A notice stating that work has stopped on a construction project |
| non executive director | A member of the board of Directors of a company who has no management or executive function within the underlying company. |
| management buyout | a leveraged buyout controlled by the members of the management team of a company or a division |
| modification | The act of changing any of the terms of the mortgage. |
| denomination | The par value of a bond. |
| iasb | International Accounting Standards Board |
| commercial letter of credit | An obligation issued by a bank on behalf of a bank customer to a third party |
| fas 106 | Financial Accounting Standard No |
| venue | (1) The county (or other geographical division) in which an action or prosecution is brought for trial and which is to furnish the panel of jurors |
| lettered edge | An incused or raised inscription on the edge of a coin. |
| rollup | the purchase of relatively smaller companies in a sector by a rapidly growing company in the same sector |
| buy-and-build strategy | Active, organic growth of portfolio companies through add-on acquisitions. |
| support tranche | See companion tranche. |
| uncertainty | A situation in which, given the best information available, multiple outcomes are possible. |
| turnaround | See Rescue. |
| capital gap | the difficulty faced by some entrepreneurs in trying to raise between $2 million and $5 million |
| budget | A statement of the government’s expenditures and tax revenues for a fiscal year. |
| commodity trade finance | Transactional financing in which a credit line is agreed between the trading company and the bank |
| equity financing | An Equity Financing is a method of financing through which a startup raises capital through the issuance of capital stock. |
| corporation | An entity authorized by law and established by a group of people, the stockholders, which is endowed with certain rights, privileges and duties similar to an individual.(back to top) |
| payment processing float | See administrative float. |
| truncation | The sharply cut off bottom edge of a bust. |
| cost of carry | The cost of financing an asset |
| universal life insurance | A form of life insurance that combines term insurance protection with a savings feature |
| beneficiary | The person entitled to receive benefits under a plan, including the covered employee and his or her dependents. |
| contra asset | An asset account that normally has a credit balance |
| accumulation | Coins, tokens, etc., unsorted, unclassified, and unattributed; not a collection. |
| *commitment period | The time period (2008-2012) during which industrialised countries will restrict emissions to the set level agreed upon in the Kyoto Protocol. |
| judgment | A sum due for payment or collection as a result of a court order. |
| lessee | The tenant under a lease. |
| voidable | That which is capable of being adjudged void in a court of law but which is not in and of itself unless and until some action is taken to have it declared void. |
| alternative assets | Non-traditional asset classes |
| debt-to-worth ratio | The simplest way to measure leverage |
| *designated operational entity | A Designated Operational Entity is an independent body accredited by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) that either validates a project proposal and recommends it for registration by the CDM EB, or verifies the monitoring data and recommends to the CDM EB the amount of carbon credits that should be issued. |
| spin out | a division of an established company that becomes an independent entity |
| locom | See lower of cost or market. |
| default risk | The risk arising from the chance that debtors will not make promised payments either on time or in full |
| will | A written expression of the desire of a person as to the disposition of that person’s property after death |
| trusts | A group of companies that illegally work together to reduce competition and control prices. |
| beta | The cost then becomes 1+ (2x3) |
| interpolation | The mathematical process of obtaining an unknown number that has a value between two known numbers in a series of numbers |
| double listing | The listing of a security on more than one exchange. |
| power of attorney | A written instrument whereby a principal authorizes an agent who is sometimes called an attorney in fact to perform specified acts on his or her behalf. |
| business plan | A Business Plan is a written description of a startup’s strategy and intended game plan, including market, competition, team and funding |
| addendum | A written instrument that adds something to a written contract. |
| held-to-maturity | One of three defined categories established in FAS 115 for the classification of financial instruments held as assets on the books of an investor |
| continuous occupancy clause | Definition goes hereA requirement frequently included in a shopping center lease requiring a retail store to remain open. |
| security margin | See margin. |
| washout round | a financing round whereby previous investors, the founders and management suffer significant dilution |
| takeover | the transfer of control of a company. |
| out-of-pocket expenses | Those health care costs that must be borne by the insured. |
| fas 105 | An accounting rule that previously required disclosures of information about financial derivatives |
| market risk | One of six risks defined by the Federal Reserve |
| liquidity | The liquidity of a stock is the ease with which it can be bought and sold on the market, without dramatic fluctuation in price. |
| plaster | (See model.) |
| arranger | Arranger is typically a bank responsible for preparation of the deal, negotiating the loan terms with the borrower and syndicating it to the other participants |
| defeasance | The legal release of a debtor from being the primary obligor under the debt, either by the courts or by the creditor |
| market surveillance | The department responsible for monitoring, investigating and deterring unfair or illegal trading practices on NASDAQ. |
| cost containment | Efforts or activities designed to reduce or slow down the cost increases of medical care services. |
| denarius | The standard Roman silver coin. |
| misrepresentation | A false or misleading statement or assertion or presenting something not in accordance with the facts from one person to another in words or by conduct. |
| baltic dry index | The Baltic Dry Index is a key barometer of global freight activity – measuring the cost of ferrying raw materials around the planet. |
| portal | A gateway or entry point to the Internet incorporating significant functionality such as search engines, news alerts and personal preferences that enable users to access the data they want from the Web from a central point. |
| basis point | is a one hundredth part of a percent (%). |
| face value | The dollar amount shown on a document by words or numbers |
| comparable | a publicly traded company with similar characteristics to a private company that is being valued |
| property owners association | An organization established with the purpose of administering private regulations affecting residential land uses. |
| income-to-expenses ratio | The ratio of your monthly income (gross unless self-employed — in which case net income) to monthly expenses |
| built-ins | The features constructed as part of the house such as cabinets, etc. |
| associate company | A company in which a substantial stake (more than 20% but less than 50%, a level above which the company would move from being an associate to a subsidiary) is held by another company and where the owner of that stake is in a position to influence its operations. |
| p.q. | Abbreviation for per quarter. |
| nda | see Non-disclosure agreement. |
| au | About Uncirculated. |
| average life | An evaluation of the average time an asset will be outstanding given a specific repayment system. |
| currency futures | contracts in the futures markets for delivery in a major currency, such as the U.S |
| trade secret | something that is not generally known, is kept in secrecy and gives its owners a competitive business advantage. |
| token | A privately issued piece with an exchange value, but not an official |
| circumference | The distance around the exterior boundary of a circle. |
| competing offer | Another contemporaneous offer for the target company by a third party. |
| wan | Wide Area Network comprises network in different geographic locations that are connected often over the public network |
| dba | “doing business as” – an identification of the trade name of the business, which may differ from the legal corporate name. |
| *clean development mechanism | The Clean Development Mechanism is when a project undertaken in a developing country generates reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, it contributes to the host country's sustainable development, and it accrues emission reduction credits |
| rent controls | A maximum price imposed by government on how much someone may charge a tenant for a rental property. |
| tier 1 capital | A regulatory definition of bank capital |
| due diligence | Due Diligence typically refers to the process investors engage in before making an investment |
| letter of intent | A letter from the venture capitalist to the investee company indicating a general willingness or intention to engage in some type of transaction |
| drawee | Party to whom a draft is addressed and from whom payment is demanded, or, in a documentary collection with no draft, party from whom payment is requested in exchange for delivery of documents. |
| brockage | A miss struck coin, generally one showing the normal design on one |
| hard times tokens | Pieces either of a political or advertising nature, |
| accretion | The gradual addition to the shore or bank of a waterway |
| correlation var | Correlation VAR is a measure of a financial instrument’s, a portfolio of financial instruments,’ or an entity’s exposure to reductions in value resulting from changes in prevailing interest rates |
| silver certificate | formerly a bank note issued by the United States Treasury and redeemable in silver |
| trustee | A party who is given legal responsibility to hold property in the best interest of or “for the benefit of” another |
| voidable contract | An agreement that is capable of being made void but is not null and void and so it must be either confirmed or voided. |
| target company | The company that the offeror is considering investing in |
| ran | See revenue anticipation note. |
| financial need | The difference between the student's educational costs and the Assessed Family Resources. |
| draft | Written demand for payment of a specified amount addressed to a named party, called the "drawee," and signed by the "drawer." A draft may demand payment immediately upon presentation ("at sight") or on a specified maturity date and must also specify a party to be paid (the "payee") |
| notional principal | See notional amount. |
| angel investor | A person who provides backing to very early-stage businesses or business concepts |
| tax code | Information System, the tax-records office, automatically eliminates the homocode and gives a new code to both taxpayers. |
| farm products | A category of goods defined by Article 9 of the UCC |
| curable depreciation | An item of physical deterioration or functional obsolescence which customarily gets corrected by repair or replacement by a prudent property owner and is thus considered to be “cured.” |
| fraud | Fraud in the health care system may include areas such as offering free tests or services and billing the insurer or plan, or for charging for services no rendered. |
| restricted securities | Public securities which are not freely tradable due to securities regulations. |
| retentions | Portions of contracts that are not paid until all contract provisions are satisfied |
| fee appraiser | An individual qualified under federal rules to perform real estate appraisals |
| building code | The local regulations that control design, construction, and materials used in construction |
| uncovered | See naked. |
| bridge loan | A bridge loan is a form of Convertible Debt financing that is short-term and made toward a future debt or equity financing, in anticipation of an exit or sometimes dissolution if the startup is not able to raise capital or find an exit |
| buyer's fee | Winning bidders in a public auction in the United States are usually charged a buyer's fee based on a certain percentage of the winning bid |
| fair labor standards act | A federal law that establishes a minimum hourly wage and requires overtime to be paid when more than 40 hours are worked in a week |
| jumbo cds | An informal name for certificates of deposit of $100,000 or larger |
| property search guarantee | A Property Search Guarantee is designed to disclose to the Assured the identity of all real property apparently owned by a designated party or parties on or after a certain date |
| apartment building | A multifamily dwelling structure with individual housing units called apartment frequently with a common entrance and hallways which usually is a rental property |
| judicial notice | The doctrine that a court will, of its own knowledge, assume certain facts to be true without the production of supporting evidence often because they are common knowledge. |
| covariance | A measurement of the relationship between two variables |
| option pool | a group of options set aside for long term, phased compensation to management and employees. |
| erm | See enterprise-wide risk management. |
| mid cap | defined by SmartMoney.com as a company with a market capitalization between $1 billion and $8 billion |
| right of way | (1) The right to pass over property owned by another, usually based upon an easement. |
| operational gearing | Operational gearing describes the relationship between a firm’s fixed and variable costs. |
| material news | News released by a public company that might reasonably be expected to affect the value of a company’s securities or influence investors’ decisions |
| usage | A uniform practice or course of conduct followed in certain businesses or professions or some procedure or phase thereof. |
| bond | A pledge to pay a sum of money in the event of failure to fulfill obligations; e.g |
| contractor | A person or company who agrees to furnish materials and/or labor to do work for an agreed-upon price. |
| set back lines | Those lines which delineate the required distances for the location of structures in relation to the perimeter of the property. |
| assets | Items that are owned by an individual such as property and investments etc |
| capital commitment | The financial investment of Market Makers in maintaining inventories of the stocks in which they make markets. |
| statement savings account | A savings account which does not provide the depositor with a passbook |
| airball | a loan whose value exceeds the value of the collateral. |
| non-interference | an agreement often signed by employees and management whereby they agree not to interfere with the company's relationships with employees, clients, suppliers and sub-contractors within a certain time period after termination of employment. |
| transit routing number | A nine-digit number contained in the MICR line of each check |
| treasuries | An informal name for securities issued by the United States Department of the Treasury. |
| broker | A person who, for a commission or fee, brings parties together and assists in negotiating contracts between them. |
| sequential-pay remic | The most basic, simplest REMIC structure |
| flower bonds | U.S |
| disbursements | Cash payments. |
| assets | Resources owned or controlled by a company. |
| advance payment | Payment made by the buyer to the seller prior to shipment |
| deflation | Deflation is the word used to describe falling prices |
| listing rules | A set of rules hat all companies must follow for trading on the ASX |
| good consideration | A contractual “consideration” that is based on love and affection rather than money and is usually considered to be a gift. |
| shareholders funds | This is a key measure of how hard the share capital is being made to work and how efficient the management is being.- back to top |
| derivatives exchange | Exchange on which futures contracts on commodities or financial instruments are traded. |
| net noninterest expense | Total noninterest expense minus total noninterest income |
| cash against documents | Term (abbreviated as CAD) for documentary collection instructions requesting the presenting bank to deliver documents only upon receipt of payment from the drawee/importer |
| cfr | Abbreviation for "cost and freight (Named port of destination)." Also C&F. |
| f | Fine |
| upward sloping yield curve | A yield curve depicting a situation in which yields for shorter-term maturities are lower than yields for longer-term maturities |
| half eagle | A gold $5 coin of the United States |
| pipeline | A Pipeline is a general term used to describe upcoming deals. |
| internal transactions | Exchanges within a business entity that might or might not affect the accounting equation. |
| escrow account | See Trust account. |
| internal float | Elapsed time for processing checks |
| momentum investing | This refers to the practice of buying shares that are showing an upward trend relative to the stockmarket overall |
| reference asset | A term used in credit swap transactions to identify the underlying instrument |
| proprietorship | Name used to identify a business that is not a separate legal entity but instead is operated by an individual. |
| imf | The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organISation of 185 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. |
| yankee bonds | Bonds denominated in U.S |
| assets | Items of monetary value (e.g., house, land, car), owned by an individual or a company. |
| perpetual inventory system | A system of inventory tracking in which technology allows for the inventory levels to be monitored at all times. |
| bankruptcy | Proceedings under federal bankruptcy statutes to relieve a debtor (bankrupt) from insurmountable debt |
| moral hazard | A position taken by an insured that increases the chance of a loss or the seriousness of a loss. |
| secondary offering | A registered offering of a large block of a security that has been previously issued to the public |
| indian head | The preferred name for the 5-cent coin often called "Buffalo nickel." Indian Head cents, gold dollars, gold $3 coins, $5 half eagles, $10 eagles and $20 double eagles exist |
| confirmation of sale | A court approval of the sale of property by an executor, administrator, guardian or conservator of an estate.. |
| venue | (1) the county (or other geographical division) in which an action or prosecution is brought for trail and which is to furnish the panel of jurors |
| street | A colloquial expression used to describe Wall Street investors or the community of dealers |
| survey | The measurement by a surveyor of real property which delineates the boundaries of a parcel of land |
| shipping terms | That part of a contract between a buyer and seller that specifies who is responsible for each aspect of shipping the good; this may include responsibility for packing, arranging and paying for transportation and insurance, clearing customs, and so forth. |
| sinking fund | Cash set aside under restricted conditions as required by the terms of certain types of debt |
| sales journal | A journal used to record sales on account of inventory. |
| debtor | (1) A party who owes money or other performance to another party |
| balance per bank | The balance of a business's bank account, as reported on a bank statement. |
| outcome measurement | A document program that tracks a physician's treatment patterns for the purposes of evaluating efficiency. |
| risk-based capital | Rules for establishing minimum required levels of book capital for financial institutions |
| load bearing wall | An integral and relatively permanent part of a house which helps support the floors or roof. |
| contra | An account which is an offset to another account. |
| tba | Acronym for to be announced |
| surface rights | The rights to enter upon and use the surface of a parcel of land, usually in connection with an oil and gas lease or other mineral lease |
| check-clearing float | The time between the date a check is deposited in a bank and the date it is charged to the drawer |
| journal | A record of all transactions occurring in the business |
| turnover rate | see portfolio turnover rate. |
| dated billings | Receivables created by invoices that do not require the account party to pay until some date in the future |
| clean draft | Draft which is not accompanied by documents. |
| real and nominal | In a monetary context, ‘real’ and ‘nominal’ are used to describe whether or not a price has been adjusted for inflation. |
| incubator | An entity designed to nurture business concepts or new technologies to the point that they become attractive to venture capitalists |
| regulation b | See Equal Credit Opportunity Act. |
| negative income tax | A system whereby families with incomes below a certain break-even level would receive, rather than make, a government income tax payment. |
| crown | A general term embracing most silver coins from about 20 to 30 grams in weight and from about 33 to 42 millimeters in size |
| planned development | A subdivision of five or more individually owned lots with one or more other parcels owned in common or with reciprocal rights in one or more other parcels |
| secondary purchase | Secondary Purchase is a sale of stock by a stockholder to another person, rather than a direct issuance of stock by the issuer company. |
| collateral | (1) Property that a debtor has pledged, mortgaged, or assigned to a creditor. |
| float | A term used in Australia for raising capital and listing on the ASX. |
| retention | The portion of the insurance premium which is allocated for expenses, administration, commissions, risk charges and profit. |
| roi | see Return on investment. |
| setback | The distance from curb or other established line on which nothing may be erected. |
| call price | the price an issuer agrees to pay to bondholders to redeem all or part of a bond issuance. |
| cra | See Community Reinvestment Act. |
| watermark | During the production of some paper, a special mark or design is implanted into the paper which is visible or fully visible when the paper is held up to the light |
| asset | Anything of monetary value that is owned by a person |
| testate | Leaving a legally valid will at death |
| red herring | a preliminary prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and containing the details of an IPO offering |
| stock fund | a mutual fund holding stocks |
| resource market | A market where resources are bought and sold. |
| economics | The study of how resources are allocated among alternative uses to satisfy human wants. |
| american depositary receipt | An ADR is a U.S |
| circuit breaker | A procedure that temporarily halts trading on all U.S |
| verification notice | If there is no reason for assessment, or if it is inadequate, the verification notice is to be considered invalid |
| declaration of homestead | A recorded document that protects a homeowner from foreclosure by certain judgment creditors. |
| investment security | As defined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) (12 CFR 1), a marketable debt obligation that is not predominantly speculative in nature |
| limited partnership | A partnership with at least one general partner and at least one, often more, limited partner(s) |
| master die | A metal punch used to produce "working hubs," which are then used to produce "working dies." See also die and hub. |
| u.s. personal saving rate | The percentage of disposable personal income set aside for saving. |
| rescission | The cancellation or annulment of a transaction or contract by the operation of a law or by mutual consent |
| phase i | When used in the context of the Kyoto Protocol, Phase 1 refers to the time period 2008-2012, the first commitment period. |
| realization ratios | Benchmark measurements of investment performance which complement IRR |
| financial feasibility | 1 |
| affidavit | A written statement or declaration, sworn to before an officer who has authority to administer an oath (usually a notary). |
| sallie mae | See Student Loan Marketing Association. |
| balance per book | The balance of a business's checkbook, as recorded in the checkbook or check register. |
| coupon yield equivalent | See bond equivalent yield. |
| beauty parade | An accepted mechanism for an investee company to select a provider of financial and professional services |
| cost-benefit analysis | In governmental planning and budgeting, the attempt to measure whether alleged outputs will outweigh the known inputs. |
| operating expense ratio | A ratio used in real estate lending analysis |
| unilateral | An undertaking by, done or obligating only one side. |
| estate in fee | The most complete form of ownership of real property which is a freehold estate that can be passed by descent or by will after the owners death |
| comparables | An abbreviation for comparable properties used for comparative purposes in the appraisal process. |
| grout | (1) Thin mortar used in masonry work to fill joints between bricks, blocks, tiles |
| fema | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| condition | 1 |
| letter stock | Stock that bears a restrictive legend on the certificate that limits the owner's ability to sell |
| capital markets disruptions | A type of systemic liquidity risk |
| fee-based program | a program offered by broker-dealers that permits investors to purchase mutual funds for an annual asset-based fee, rather than paying commissions or sales charges |
| pools | Resources grouped together by companies in an attempt to gain mutual market leverage. |
| enterprise dcf model | Variant of the DCF model which looks at the company's operations and calculates the present value of future free cash flows by discounting them with the weighted average cost of capital. |
| inchoate dower | The dower interest of a wife during the life of her husband |
| assessed value | The valuation of a property by a public tax assessor for purposes of taxation. |
| wipeout round | see Washout round. |
| cliff vesting | Customary startup vesting terms for restricted stock or stock options are monthly over four years (48 months) with a one-year cliff |
| judicial foreclosure | A type of foreclosure proceeding used in some states that is handled as a civil lawsuit and conducted entirely under the auspices of a court. |
| beta | a measure of volatility of a public stock relative to an index or a composite of all stocks in a market or geographical region |
| lifo | See last in, first out. |
| flow lines | Microscopic striations in a coin's surface caused by the movement of metal under striking pressures. |
| research analyst | a research specialist whose primary responsibility is to develop a detailed understanding of an industry or region |
| economic growth | A positive change in the level of production of goods and services by a country over a certain period of time. |
| conversion value | For convertibles, the value in stock |
| landlord’s waiver | A loan document used in a number of different situations |
| club deal | the act of investing by two or more entities in the same target company, usually involving a leveraged buyout transaction. |
| minute | a short note |
| gross domestic product | (GDP) The total value of all goods and services generated through production by labor and property which is physically located within the confines of a country during a given period of time. |
| overseas development aid | This refers to monetary aid earmarked and channelled by industrialised countries to developing countries, to assist in the development of political, social and economic infrastructure. |
| tell | express in words |
| compound interest bond | See capital appreciation bond. |
| nacm | Acronym for National Association of Credit Managers. |
| w-4 | Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate |
| entrepreneur | A person who envisions, organizes, manages and assumes responsibility for a business. |
| incorporation | the process by which a business receives a state charter, allowing it to become a corporation |
| option | The right (without an obligation) to buy or sell securities at a given price (exercise or strike price) before a given date (expiry date). |
| group sort | A service enabling a collecting bank to deposit checks drawn on a limited preselected group of payer institutions. |
| *bilateral cdm | A bilateral CDM project is the standard form of the CDM project, involving an investor, a developed country and a host developing country. |
| mechanic's lien | A claim created by law for the purpose of securing priority payment for work performed and material furnished by a mechanic or other person who has done construction or repair of a building |
| msci eafe index | acronym for the Europe, Australasia and Far East index produced by the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) group |
| dominion of funds | A form of receivable lending in which the bank requires that the borrower give the bank control over the borrower's accounts receivable collections |
| agency account number | The ten-digit account number designated by the Department of Administrative Services. |
| respa | See Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. |
| yield curve model | See term structure model. |
| psa | See Bond Market Association and PSA model. |
| property | Property includes all those things and rights which are the object of ownership. |
| *kyoto signatory | A signatory to the Kyoto Protocol is a country which signed to signify its intent to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. |
| guardian | A person appointed by a court to manage the person and/or property another who is legally incompetent to handle his/her own affairs. |
| wam | See weighted-average maturity. |
| mean reversion | The behavior of a variable in which the values for that variable move towards the long-run average value for that variable. |
| funded status | A term used to describe either the excess or shortfall of pension assets in relation to pension liabilities |
| fineness | The purity of gold or silver, always expressed in terms of one |
| alimony | Alimony is an allowance paid by one spouse to the other after a legal separation or divorce. |
| idc | Acronym for Industrial Development Corporation |
| capital employed | The average capital tied up in operative assets, which, in the context of return-on-capitalemployed controlling, is expected to yield a return at least as high as the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). |
| allocation | Another term for allocated capital, used when expressing a percentage of a whole, i.e |
| plus | An informal term for 1/64 |
| bankruptcy | A special proceeding under federal, or in some instances state, laws by which the property of a debtor is protected by the court and may be divided among the debtor's creditors and the debtor. |
| parcel | Any area of land contained within a single description.(back to top) |
| credit rating | An indicator of the financial strength of a company |
| net capital rule | The SEC requires that all broker/dealers maintain no more than a 15 to 1 ratio between indebtedness and liquid assets |
| subordination and attornment agreements | Documents used in commercial mortgage transactions in which the mortgaged property is leased by the borrower to tenants |
| blind pool limited partnership | A Blind Pool Limited Partnership is a limited partnership with no stated investment objective and few restrictions on the investments that may be made by the general partner. |
| wi | When-issued. |
| average | a weighted, adjusted arithmetic mean of selected securities designed to represent the market or important segments of the market |
| leveraged roll-up | See consolidation. |
| agency | A debt security issued by a federal or federally sponsored agency |
| accounts receivable ledger | A subsidiary ledger used to record the activities of each credit account for a business. |
| fixed assets | Tangible and intangible assets the business requires to generate turnover |
| *annex i countries | Annex I is an Annex in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
| commingled goods | Goods that become part of a product or mass of goods |
| dominant | (music) the fifth note of the diatonic scale |
| unmanaged | refers to an index or benchmark such as the S&P 500® that is not actively managed, but rather reflects movements in stock or bond markets. |
| debtor | One who owes a debt. |
| linear yield curve smoothing | The simple process of "drawing" straight lines to connect the knot points |
| portability | Provides access to continuous health insurance coverage so the insured does not lose coverage due to any change in health or personal status (such as employment, marriage, or divorce). |
| cmr | Abbreviation of "Convention relative au contrat de transport international de Marchandises par route" |
| dampening | The phenomenon or the result of a declining volatility trend. |
| commercial paper | Unsecured, short-term promissory notes issued by corporations for specific amounts and with specific maturity dates |
| dilution | (1) The difference between gross sales and net sales |
| implied warranty of habitability | Implied Warranty: One that is not written but exists under the law. See also STATUTE OF FRAUDS. |
| trustee in bankruptcy | One appointed by a bankruptcy court, and in whom the property of the bankrupt vests |
| market structure | The type or organization of a market, determined by the number and size of buyers and sellers in the market, the ease with which new firms can enter, the extent of product differentiation, and other factors. |
| stock option | Please check back for a definition of a Stock Option. |
| exercise price | The price at which an option may be used |
| refunding bonds | Bonds issued to replace outstanding bond issues |
| proportion | The degree of relationship or ratio between two things. |
| first strike | An unofficial term referring to a coin struck shortly after a |
| registration rights | the rights of an investor in a startup regarding the registration of a portion of the startup's shares for sale to the public |
| credit spread options | See credit options. |
| price-to-earnings ratio | the current price of a stock divided by its earnings per share |
| king | preeminence in a particular category or group or field |
| policyholder | Same as Insured. |
| surety | Generally the same as guarantor; however, in some states there are important distinctions. |
| risk-based pricing | The practice of charging different rates to different borrowers based on differences in their credit worthiness |
| case management | Planned approach to manage service or treatment to an individual with a serious medical problem |
| base metal | Non-precious metal; e.g., copper. |
| reputation risk | One of nine risks defined by the OCC and one of six risks defined by the Federal Reserve |
| moneyer | An authorized mint master or coiner. |
| market authority | Governing entity of a stock exchange or trading system responsible for: market regulation; approval of members; admission to and cancellation of listing; the operation of the trading system. |
| estoppel | A legal theory under which a person is stopped or barred from asserting or denying a fact because of the person's previous actions or words.. |
| credit scoring system | A statistical system used to determine whether or not to grant credit by assigning numerical scores to various characteristics related to creditworthiness. |
| protectionism and national defense | The argument that the losses in consumer surplus created by imposing tariffs on goods critical for national defense are justified so that a country does not become dependent on potential enemies during times of war. |
| distressed debt | the bonds of a company that is either in or approaching bankruptcy |
| reservation | (1) A right created and retained by a grantor |
| emissions reduction unit | This is the basic unit of Joint Implementation projects |
| tenure | See Tenure in land. |
| debtor days | A ratio that focuses on the average time it takes for trade debtors to settle their accounts. Usually measured in days |
| neighborhood | An area within a larger community with similar type occupants, buildings and business enterprises. |
| *kyoto protocol | The agreement reached in Kyoto in 1997 committing developed countries and countries making the transition to a market economy (Annex I countries) to achieve quantified targets for decreasing their emissions of greenhouse gases. |
| static spread | (1) The difference between two values at a single point in time |
| bag marks | See contact marks. |
| commitment | A legally binding promise by an investor to make a certain amount of money available to a private equity fund on demand. |
| stock purchase agreement | Stock Purchase Agreement is an agreement under which a person purchases stock from a startup |
| flux | A measure of the sensitivity of CMO cash flows to changes in the prepayment rate of the underlying MBS collateral |
| keene's cement | An unusually tough and durable gypsum plaster to which alum has been added |
| executor | A person appointed in a will and affirmed by the probate court to distribute a deceased person's estate in accordance with the will. |
| quarterly report | A report, required by the SEC of publicly held companies, filed quarterly, that provides unaudited financial information and other selected material. |
| enterprise resource planning | Software that integrates all of the company's operations with the accounting system. |
| quiet enjoyment | A right that a tenant (typically) or an owner has to the use of the property without interference or possession with others. |
| interest & financial charges | P&L Statement item |
| cercla | See Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980. |
| alternative trading system | A trading system that brings orders into the NASDAQ market |
| delay days | Lag times |
| fixed costs | Refers to those costs which are payable monthly and which do not relate to actual claims paid or incurred, for example, premium and administration costs. |
| closed form solution | A solution to a math problem that can be obtained from simple formulas |
| subsurface rights | The ownership rights a parcel of real estate has to the water, minerals, gas, oil that is beneath the surface. |
| pre-seed stage | The investment stage before a company is at the seed level |
| index | a statistical measure that shows changes in the economy or financial markets and serves as a benchmark against which economic and financial performance is measured |
| futa | Federal Unemployment Tax Act |
| automated clearing house | A computerized facility that performs the clearing of paperless entries between member depository institutions |
| macro hedging | Hedging the net risk exposure of an entity’s entire portfolio or balance sheet |
| cross-fund investing | Where a firm invests in the same company at different times from different funds, i.e |
| schedule of accounts payable | A list of all of the accounts in the Accounts Payable ledger and their current balances. |
| egress | The right to leave a tract of land |
| rates | Fiscal drag can be neutralized by adjusting the value of deductions and tax bands to the dynamics of inflation. |
| goodwill amortisation | Following changes in accounting standards, any goodwill |
| survey | A map or plat made by a licensed surveyor showing the results of measuring the land with its elevations, improvements, boundaries and its relationship to surrounding tracts of land |
| jurat | The clause written at the foot of an affidavit stating when, where and before whom such affidavit was sworn. |
| recordkeeper | a service provider that tracks participant records for a retirement plan. |
| net settlement | (1) For groups of financial transactions between the same counterparties, the settlement of a group of monetary transactions by delivery of only the net amount due. |
| treasuries | debt securities issued by the U.S |
| reconveyance | The transfer of the title of land from one person to the immediately-preceding owner. |
| leasehold improvement | Improvement made to leased property |
| indefinite useful life | Asset that has an unlimited life. |
| par value | See par for all securities except MBSs |
| diffusion process | The process by which the use of an innovation spreads from firm to firm and from use to use. |
| periodic inventory system | A system of inventory tracking in which counts of inventory are completed only on set occasions. |
| reservation | Right reserved by the grantor in conveying property, or a right which had previously been reserved. |
| labor | Human effort, both physical and mental, used to produce goods and services. |
| lien | A form of encumbrance which usually makes specific property security for the payment of a debt or discharge of an obligation such as judgments, taxes, mortgages, deeds of trust, etc. |
| ratchet/sliding scale | A bonus where capital can be reclaimed by managers of investee companies, depending on the achievement of corporate goals. |
| stress test | A multivariate test of a specific scenario at a specific stress level |
| professional corporations | Entities sometimes used by doctors, lawyers, and other professionals |
| eftps | Electronic Federal Tax Payment System |
| *executive board | See CDM Executive Board. |
| ex officio | The power to act by virtue of holding of a particular office. |
| analyst | a research specialist who develops a detailed understanding of an industry or region |
| dower | A right that a wife has in her husband's property at the time of his death |
| collar | A retaining ring die within which the coin dies operate; the collar forms the edge design of the piece such as reeding or lettering. |
| branch mint | Any federal coining facility except the Philadelphia Mint. |
| niat | Acronym for net income after income taxes. |
| conditions | A term used by lenders and credit analysts to describe the background or underlying economic and industry circumstances affecting a business. |
| monotone | a single tone repeated with different words or different rhythms (especially in rendering liturgical texts) |
| blank | An unstruck planchet. |
| asset | anything with commercial or exchange value owned by a business, institution or individual |
| class of property | A subjective division of buildings as to their desirability to tenants and investors which is based on age, location, construction quality, attractiveness of style, level of maintenance, etc. |
| marginalism | How much extra use is gained from incremental increases in the quantity of goods created, sold, etc., and how those measures relate to consumer choice and demand. |
| natural resource | Asset such as oil, gas, and timber, that is consumed by a business. |
| mail float | The time it takes a remittance to move from the remitter to the recipient through the mail |
| subordination | The act or process by which a person's rights are ranked below the rights of others |
| cltv ratio | See combined loan to value ratio. |
| investment policy | A concise and clear statement of the objectives and parameters formulated by an investor or investment manager for a portfolio of investment securities. |
| associated companies | Companies upon which a significant influence can be exercised but in which there is no majority holding or controlling interest |
| wala | See weighted-average loan age. |
| public records | The records maintained by a filing authority that record the ownership and/or security interests held in property |
| placement agent | a company that specializes in finding institutional investors that are willing and able to invest in a private equity fund |
| allowance method | A method of estimating the amount of uncollectable accounts receivable accounts and posting that amount to the general journal. |
| pipes | see Private investment in public equities. |
| depreciation | The value of the capital (that is, plant, equipment, and structures) that is worn out in a year |
| convertible preferred stock | Preferred stock that can be converted into the common stock of the issuing company |
| purchasing power parity | Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a theory that tries to work out how over- or undervalued one currency is in relation to another. |
| lock-up | A provision that defines the Lock-Up Period during which stockholders, option holders and warrant holders of a company are prohibited from directly or indirectly selling their stock in the company |
| usury | The illegal practice of lending money and charging a rate of interest greater than the maximum permitted by law. |
| *accreditation | Project validators and credit verifiers will need to be accredited if their professional services are to be used by project developers to secure Kyoto compliant carbon credits. |
| disbursement float | The total time period between when a check is prepared by the remitter and when the check is presented for payment |
| downstream guaranty | A guaranty of a loan to a borrowing entity when the guarantor is a parent company or stockholder of the borrowing entity. |
| review statements | Financial statements prepared by an independent CPA that have been subject to some examination but have not been audited |
| piefort | A piece struck on a planchet twice or more the normal thickness |
| management fee | a charge paid to a mutual fund's investment adviser for its services |
| intestate | Without leaving a will, or leaving an invalid will so that the property of the estate passes according to the laws of succession rather than by direction of the deceased. |
| memorandum | a written proposal or reminder |
| gross area | The total floor area of a building which is usually measured from its outside walls.. |
| u.s. gold | Marketing name for American Arts Gold Medallions. |
| hard money | The cash including the cash proceeds from a loan as distinguished from credit extended by a seller |
| pivot | A Pivot means to change a startup’s direction when performance of the startup is not meeting expectations |
| ocean bill of lading | Bill of lading including shipment on an ocean vessel, also called a "marine bill of lading". |
| volatility | A degree of fluctuation in the price and valuation of securities. |
| distribution | The division and transfer of the property of a decedent. |
| dispersion | The distribution pattern of measurements |
| grantor | A person, partnership or corporation that gives or conveys an interest in property |
| property management | The branch of the real estate business dealing with the management of property |
| undivided profits | Bank term for retained earnings |
| *monitoring | Monitoring is the exercise carried out to measure key data and enable the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to be determined. |
| deferred sales charge | See back-end load. |
| purchase contract | Documentary credits are, by their nature, separate transactions from the purchase or other contracts on which they may be based |
| emerging markets | also known as developing markets, emerging markets are defined by the July 2007 World Bank Country Classification report as having a per-capita income of $11,115 or less in 2006, and as countries in the process of developing existing or newly created market-based economies. |
| net asset value | The value of a business as defined by the difference between the value of its assets and liabilities |
| effective hedge | See hedge effectiveness. |
| transaction | Any event that affects the accounting equation |
| option | A contractual right to purchase something (such as stock) at a future time or within a specified period at a specified price. |
| prior lien | A lien which is senior or superior to others. |
| pairs trade | Pairs traders aim to profit from the change in the price of, say, one share relative to another. |
| long-term liability | An amount that is due on a date beyond the next year or the company's normal operating cycle. |
| cusip number | number identifying all stocks, registered bonds and mutual funds, assigned by the Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (CUSIP). |
| disclosure | The reporting of financial statements, management shareholdings and other information that can be used for making investment decisions. |
| listing contract | 1 |
| unsecured debt | Loans not secured against a company's assets. |
| adjusted book balance | The checkbook balance after completing a bank reconciliation. |
| luster | Surface quality of a coin, result of light reflected from the microscopic flow lines. |
| floating lien | The name for and the nature of a creditor's interest in a debtor's accounts receivable and inventory |
| legal residence | A person's permanent home |
| overweight | An overweight position is one where a fund has more invested in a stock or sector than the proportion in the relevant index/benchmark |
| wrought iron | An easily molded form of iron used for decorative railings, gates, furniture, etc |
| title search | A review of all recorded documents affecting a specific parcel of land to determine the present condition of title |
| bona fide | In good faith and being authentic and without fraud or deceit |
| medicaid | State programs with federal matching funds for public health assistance to persons, regardless of age, whose income and resources are insufficient to pay for health care. |
| 2g | Second generation technology |
| majority share/interest | The ownership of a company, where the owner holds more than 50% of the total shareholding. |
| esop | see Employee Stock Ownership Program. |
| hedge ratio | The relationship between the size of a position needed in a hedge instrument and the size of the position being hedged |
| incomes | For example, in order to revalue the cadastral income of buildings, it has to be multiplied by 1.05. |
| front foot cost | A determination of the value of real property based on a value per foot as measured along the frontage of a parcel |
| affidavit | A written statement or declaration, sworn to before an officer who has authority to administer an oath |
| variance | Statistical term that quantifies the dispersion of data such as rates or prices around the mean |
| venture capital rounds | Portfolio companies typically receive several rounds of venture capital before going public |
| tenants by the entireties | See Tenancy by the entireties. |
| public float | See Float. |
| execution | The completion of an act or process such as an escrow. |
| ires | As opposed to indirect taxes. |
| u.s. dollar index | A measure that calculates the performance of the U.S |
| cross correlation | Statistical term for the degree of similiarity for two different sets of data. |
| lis pendens | A notice recorded in the official records of a county to indicate that a lawsuit is pending affecting the lands described in the notice.(back to top) |
| direct investment | See co-investor. |
| base rent | The minimum rent in a lease which sometimes contains a percentage or provisions for additional rent. |
| call protection | A feature of a bond issue that protects investors from risk of prepayment |
| confirmation | The document used to state in writing the terms of a trade that were previously agreed to orally by the buyer and the seller. |
| *joint implementation | Industrialised countries can contribute to their greenhouse gas emission reductions targets by investing in emissions reduction projects in other industrialised (Annex-I) countries and receiving credits called Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) |
| annuity | An amount paid at regular intervals for a set period of time |
| hud | See Housing and Urban Development. |
| type i securities | A category of investment securities defined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) (12 CFR 1) |
| liquidity preference | (1) A desire among some holders of financial instruments to keep some or all of their funds in liquid instruments, that is, instruments that either mature in a short period of time or that can be readily sold with small risk of loss. |
| wages payable | Wages that have been earned by the employees but are not yet paid to them. |
| commitment letter | A legally binding letter in which a lender documents the terms, prerequisites and conditions under which it agrees to provide financing to an applicant |
| home health services | Comprehensive medically necessary services provided by a recognized provider to a patient in the home. |
| syndicate book | See Book. |
| 3g | Third generation (UMTS) technology using new data transmission standards and operating at a different part of the spectrum range to second generation networks |
| chips | See Clearing House Interbank Payment System. |
| trade receivables | Also known as accounts receivable - trade |
| cash receipts journal | A special journal used to record cash received by the company. |
| mmda | See money market deposit account. |
| delegation of authority | A transfer of authority by one party to another |
| benchmark | This is a standard measure used to assess the performance of a company |
| milled edge | A raised rim around the outer surface of a coin |
| payable-through-draft | A form of check that is written on an organization other than a bank but is payable through banks |
| msci world index | an index of major world stock markets, including the U.S., produced by the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) group |
| offerer | The Newco entity established to make the offer for the target company. |
| on their face | Banks must examine documents with reasonable care to ascertain whether or not they appear, on their face, to be in compliance with the terms or conditions of the documentary credit |
| closing | The closing of a financing or change of control transaction. |
| sec | see Securities and Exchange Commission. |
| volatility | Movement in the price of a stock from its high and low. |
| call | In a metes and bounds description, the angle and distance of a given line or arc |
| punitive damages | A fine used to punish the wrongdoer is assessed in excess of the damages actually suffered. |
| double-barreled bonds | Municipal revenue bonds that are also supported by a second source of repayment |
| pbo | See projected benefit obligation. |
| nonappropriation clause | A provision in some municipal leases |
| empirical duration | A measure of duration calculated by "backing into" the duration value using changes in observed market prices resulting from changes in prevailing rate. |
| beta product | a product that is being tested by potential customers prior to being formally launched into the marketplace. |
| attachment | Legal seizure of property to force payment of a debt. |
| realized volatility | Volatility calculated using the actual movements of prices in financial markets |
| mobile home | A standardized manufactured home structure designed and equipped to be not more than two dwelling units to be used with or without a foundation system and which is entirely constructed in a factory and then transported to the site in one or more sections |
| peril | This is the cause of loss or damage |
| co-financing | Loans made by a financial institution, such as an export credit agency or a commercial bank, in association with the World Bank or other multilateral development banks.COLLECTIONS |
| minimum viable product | A term originated by Eric Ries of Lean Startup fame, which describes a methodology for fast and quantitative market testing of a product or product feature |
| write off | The write down of a portfolio company's value to zero |
| liquidity stock | See liquidity reserves. |
| exchange traded | An expression used to refer to financial instruments that are purchased and sold in securities exchanges such as the Chicago Board of Trade |
| handle | An informal name for the portion of a security's price that is comprised of the numbers to the left of the decimal point, colon, or dash |
| recapitalization | the reorganization of a company's capital structure. |
| abstract of judgment | A summary of the essential provisions of a court judgment |
| doing business as | Designation, usually following a name, indicating that a name used by a business is not the legal name of the entity doing business but is an assumed name or trade name instead. |
| cop | See certificate of participation. |
| postponement | An offering that is pushed back to a later date |
| bring-down comfort letter | The update to the comfort letter issued as a condition of closing an IPO offering |
| spread | A spread is simply a gap, or difference; so the ‘spread’ between two and five is three. |
| drachma | The standard Greek monetary unit |
| balanced fund | Venture capital funds focused on both early stage and development with no particular concentration on either. |
| ffiec | See Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. |
| collection float | The total time period between when a check is prepared by the remitter and when the check is presented to the remitter’s bank |
| technology | Society’s pool of knowledge concerning how goods and services can be produced from a given amount of resources. |
| unimproved property | See Unimproved land. |
| alloy | A combination of two or more metals. |
| assessment | (1) The valuation of real estate for purpose of taxes or special improvement charges |
| offering date | The first day a security is publicly offered for sale. |
| building inspection | 1 |
| unplatted land | Land that is not platted |
| c | (music) the keynote of the scale of C major |
| *flexible mechanisms | This refers to the CDM and JI mechanisms, as well as International Emissions Trading envisioned with the operationalisation of the International Transaction Log. |
| commitment fee | A fee, payable usually on a semi-annual or quarterly basis, by the buyer to reserve the availability of a loan |
| price incentives | When the price of a product is reduced to make that product more attractive to consumers. |
| new issue | Shares offered for sale to the public for the first time. |
| prospectus | A company document registered with ASIC to provide prospective buyers information about the company's financial performance, management, risks and prospects. |
| software development kit | Software Development Kit is a set of software development tools that allows programmers to create applications for software systems, hardware platforms, gaming platforms or operating systems. An example of a Software Development Kit is Apple’s Xcode for Mac computers, iPhone and iPad. |
| silver certificate | A U.S |
| creditor | A person to whom a debt is owed by another person who is called the debtor. |
| credit event | A term used in credit swap and some other credit related contracts |
| fantasy | An object having the physical characteristics of a coin, issued by an agency other than a governing authority yet purporting to be issued by a real or imaginary governing authority as a coin. |
| points | An amount equal to one percent of the principal amount of a note |
| assured | Same as Insured. |
| type iii securities | A category of investment securities defined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) (12 CFR 1) |
| discounted | When the prospects for a company are fully known by the market and therefore reflected in the share price |
| rotation risk | See yield curve risk. |
| record date | The date on which the records of a company are closed for the purpose of determining the stockholders to whom dividends, proxies, etc |
| value added | Difference between ROCE and the weighted average cost of capital multiplied by capital employed |
| mint state | Same as Uncirculated |
| net pay | Employee's pay after all deductions have been take out. |
| grantee/grantor | See Deed. |
| circulating fireplace | A type of fireplace which is built around a metal form, containing air ducts to distribute heat by convection. |
| bimbo | Acronym for Buy-In Management Buyout |
| treasury notes | Intermediate U.S |
| nopat | Net operating profit after tax |
| cme | See Chicago Mercantile Exchange. |
| request for proposal | A written notification prepared by an organization requesting offers to provide certain services (e.g., banking service) and to specify prices for these services |
| fhlb | See Federal Home Loan Bank System. |
| outside policy lag | The time between corrective government action responding to a shock to the economy and the resulting effect on the economy. |
| *investment additionality | Investment additionality is demonstrated if the project would not be commercially viable without the revenue the project generates in terms of emission reduction credits |
| squatter | One who lives on another’s land without legal claim or authority |
| adjacent | Nearby but not necessarily adjoining. |
| peigg | acronym for Private Equity Industry Guidelines Group, an ad hoc group of individuals and firms involved in the private equity industry for the purpose of establishing valuation and reporting guidelines. |
| equitable subordination | A legal term used in bankruptcy to describe a process in which a bankruptcy judge decides that fairness can only be achieved by giving lower priority (subordinating) the claims of one or more creditors (usually a secured bank) to the claims of other (usually unsecured) creditors. |
| proxy statement | Material information required by the SEC to be given to a corporation’s stockholders as a prerequisite to solicitation of votes |
| water table | Distance from the ground surface to a depth at which natural groundwater is found. |
| carrier | Company whose business is the transport of goods |
| rate shock | An arbitrarily selected change in prevailing interest rates used to quantify either a change in profits or a change in capital associated with that size of a rate change. |
| earn out | an arrangement in which sellers of a business receive additional future payments, usually based on financial performance metrics such as revenue or net income. |
| defective title | (1) Title to a negotiable instrument obtained by fraud. |
| irrevocable | Incapable of being recalled or canceled; unchangeable. |
| reimbursing bank | The bank named in the documentary credit from which the paying, accepting or negotiating bank may request cover after receipt of the documents in compliance with the documentary credit |
| abstract | A summary. |
| choices | Opportunities presented via Rational Choice Theory, given the pre-existing notion that resources are scarce. |
| distress | The act of causing pressure or stress on a person by assuming possession of a tenant's chattels, personal property, by a landlord in order to satisfy in whole or in part a claim for rent in arrears |
| delivery float | The time between when a check is ready for disbursement and when the vendor or employee actually receives it |
| pac tranche | Planned amortization class tranche |
| window | The period of time between the expected first principal payment and the last anticipated principal payment for a specific REMIC tranche. |
| sufficient description | A means by which conveyed real estate can be identified in a deed so that it will legally hold up in court. |
| attorney-in-fact | One who is appointed, in writing, to perform a specific act for and in place of another, e.g |
| broken bank note | paper money of a defunct bank or a bank which has failed (broken), but often applied to any obsolete bank note. |
| fdica 305 | See Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act 305. |
| libid | See London Interbank Bid Rate. |
| commemorative | A piece issued to mark, honor or observe an anniversary, other event, place or person, or to preserve its memory. |
| morningstar® | a leading provider of data and analysis on mutual funds |
| positive correlation | See correlation. |
| preclosing | A rehearsal of the closing whereby instruments are prepared and signed by some or all parties to the contract which is used when a closing is expected to be complicated. |
| forward market | The informal (nonexchange) trading of foreign exchange or commodities to be delivered at a future date |
| working capital conversion cycle | An accounting and financial phrase used to describe the dynamics of short-term cash flows that occur during the normal operations of a business |
| carve-out | Term used to describe certain services not included in capitated benefits that are paid for separately on a predetermined fee-for-service basis. |
| single-family loans | Loans secured by properties occupied by one to four families. |
| ant nose | Primitive copper money of China ca |
| capital growth | The rise in the value of an initial investment. |
| title | (1) A combination of all the elements that constitute a legal right to own, possess, use, control, enjoy and dispose of real estate or a right or interest therein. |
| bond | A written instrument given by a corporation or government entity as evidence of a debt and also meaning a guarantee of performance. |
| liquidity | Describes how easily something can be converted to cash. |
| link | In surveying, a length of 7.92 inches. |
| subdivision guarantee | Subdivision law requires that parties (e.g |
| incubator | An Incubator is organization intended to help startups that are usually founded by the organization or residents of the organization’s facilities |
| bonus issue | An issue of new shares where the intention is not to raise new money for investment but to a) increase the number of shares and correspondingly b) reduce the share price |
| continuous repo | A repo/reverse repo transaction that does not have a specified term |
| tenant at will | One who holds possession of premises by permission of the owner or landlord, but without agreement for a fixed term of possession. |
| treasury stock | The name for shares of a corporation's stock that were issued and then subsequently repurchased by the corporation. |
| final goods and services | Goods and services that are destined for the ultimate user (such as flour purchased for family consumption). |
| stochastic | A term used to describe outcomes based on uncertain relationships |
| flood certification | A common term for a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Standard Flood Hazard Determination Form (SFHDF) |
| counterparty | A term used to identify the "other" party in a two-party transaction |
| maker | See writer. |
| tier 2 capital | A regulatory definition of bank capital |
| defect | A blemish, imperfection, or deficiency |
| earnings at risk | The quantity by which net income is projected to decline in the event of an adverse change in prevailing interest rates |
| change in factor amortization | See level factor amortization. |
| secondary market | A market made for the purchase and sale of outstanding issues following the initial distribution. |
| section 17 | See Securities and Exchange Act Section 17(f). |
| performance bond | A type of insurance purchased by a builder that protects both the bank and the owner by providing that the insurance company will be responsible for completing construction if the contractor fails to do so. |
| covenant-not-to-compete | An agreement made part of a purchase contract, in which the seller promises not to enter into a similar or competing business, for a specified period of time, within a designated area. |
| statute of limitations | The commonly-used identifying term for various statutes which require that a legal action be begun within a prescribed time after acquiring the right to seek legal relief. |
| euribor | Euribor is short for Euro Interbank Offered Rate |
| eafe | see MSCI EAFE Index. |
| *kyoto mechanisms | There are three Kyoto Mechanisms which can assist a country to achieve its emissions target, in addition to domestic action |
| conformed copy | A copy of an original document on which the signature, seal, and other such authenticating features are typed or otherwise noted. |
| cash management bills | U.S |
| stock option plan | Stock Option Plan is a plan approved by a startup’s board and stockholders that governs the issuance of stock options, restricted stock units, phantom stock units and the like to the startup’s employees, consultants, advisors, etc |
| agreement | An understanding between two or more parties that is often embodied in a legally binding, written contract. |
| attachment | The seizure of real or personal property of a party to a lawsuit by the court for the purpose of acquiring jurisdiction over the property to compel an appearance before the court or to furnish security for a debt or costs arising out of the litigation. |
| lot | A specific plot of land. |
| prudent man rule | a fundamental principle for professional money management which serves as a basis for the Prudent Investor Act |
| build to suit | An contract whereby an owner of land offers to construct a building on his or her land as specified by a potential tenant and then to lease land and building to that party. |
| enterprise fund | (1) A fund established to account for government operations financed and operated in a manner similar to private business enterprises (e.g., water, gas, and electric utilities; airports; parking garages; or transit systems) |
| cofi | See cost-of-funds index. |
| *additionality | For Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanism projects, emissions reductions must be additional to those that would otherwise occur |
| landscape architect | A professional who designs subdivisions, building sites, and other projects that require grading, drainage, utility installation and site improvements and plant placement selection and layout. |
| market | A group of firms and individuals that are in touch with each other in order to buy or sell some good or service. |
| concession | The underwriting spread |
| chop mark | A small punched impression applied by Chinese (chop) or Indian (shroff) banks or change offices to attest to the full weight and metallic content of a coin. |
| commercial tort claim | A claim rising as a result of a tort that (a) does not include damages arising out of a personal injury or death and (b) arises out of the normal course of business from either an individual or organization |
| par yield curve | See yield curve. |
| covenants | Restrictions on the activities of a debtor written into bank loan agreements or bond indenture agreements |
| *capacity building | This is the process of ensuring that those people in a country have the necessary skills and knowledge to understand the Kyoto Protocol and enable its implementation (i.e |
| repricing risk | See mismatch risk. |
| land | The material of the earth, whatever it may be such as soil, rock or other substance and it includes the free or unoccupied space for an indefinite distance upwards as well as downwards. |
| eviction | The act of dispossessing or depriving a person of the possession of land as a result of the judgment of a court |
| mezzanine debt | Mezzanine Debt is a hybrid debt instrument that incorporates elements of equity (usually warrants) with elements of debt |
| exchange | An organized marketplace in which stocks, common stock equivalents, and bonds are traded by members of the exchange, acting both as brokers and dealers/traders |
| nasdaq stock market | The Nasdaq Stock Market (based in Washington, D.C.) has two tiers, the Nasdaq National Market and the Nasdaq SmallCap Market |
| bullion | Uncoined precious metal in the form of bars, plates, ingots, and other items. |
| chose in action | A personal right to receive or recover a debt or damages, but only through a lawsuit. |
| bank for international settlements | is a clearing house, acting on a joint basis |
| gross margin | See margin. |
| agm | See also preference shares.- back to top |
| prime broker | Prime brokers are typically investment banks which are able to sell clients, often hedge funds, a ‘one-stop shop’ service. |
| technical reserves | Technical reserves refer to the capital that insurance companies set aside to cover possible claims. |
| interest-coverage ratio | A ratio that uses historical financial information |
| money | A medium of exchange. |
| negative correlation | See correlation. |
| ticker symbol | a system of letters used to identify a stock or mutual fund |
| ftse 100 | the FTSE (pronounced "FOOT-see") 100 Index represents 100 of the most highly capitalized companies on the London Stock Exchange |
| competitive price system | An arrangement of manufacturers in constant contest with one another to make their prices for their products the most attractive, either simply by lowering them or by adding incentives, e.g., payment plans, etc. |
| gerrymander | To divide an area into districts, against the obvious natural divisions, in order to accomplish an unlawful purpose |
| ida | See Industrial Development Authority. |
| hairlines | Fine scratches in the surface of the coin |
| cash earnings | Financial performance measure for the ability of a company to provide its own funds |
| marine cargo insurance | Insurance covering loss of or damage to goods in the course of international transportation |
| government securities | An obligation of the U.S |
| negative amortization | The increase in a loan balance resulting from a situation in which the payments due from the borrower are not sufficient to cover the full amount of the interest due |
| commentary | a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material |
| intercompany eliminations | Accounting entries made on consolidating statements in the process of generating consolidated financial statements |
| fiscal policy | Fiscal policy includes any measure that the national government takes to influence the economy by budgetary means. |
| oath | An attestation by a person which binds him or her legally and morally |
| suitability | A term used in the securities industry to describe the match between the risk characteristics of any investment and the investment needs, risks awareness and risk appetite of any buyer |
| loanable funds | Funds—including those supplied by households and firms that find the rate of interest high enough to get them to save—that are available for borrowing by consumers, businesses, and government. |
| sharia | Islamic law. |
| delta | (1) The Greek letter used by mathematicians to refer to change or the quantity of change. |
| percentage-of-completion method | Accounting method according to IAS 11 for longterm construction contracts |
| dual index notes | Securities with coupon rates that are determined by the difference between two market indexes |
| saving function | The relationship between total saving and disposable income; that is, the total amount of saving that will occur at various levels of disposable income. |
| *eligibility | The countries, or parties, which wish to use the Kyoto mechanisms will have to fulfil certain requirements to be eligible |
| boundary line survey | A mathematically closed diagram of the complete peripheral boundary of a site, reflecting dimensions, compass bearings and angles |
| broker | A broker brings buyer and sellers together for a commission. |
| estate at sufferance | An estate arising when the tenant wrongfully holds over after the expiration of the term |
| correction | a sudden, temporary decline in stock or bond prices following a period of market strength |
| certificate of acceptance | See delivery and acceptance certificate. |
| bulk sale act | Laws enacted by the states to protect creditors against secret sales of all or substantially all of a business’s goods |
| complainant | The party who instigates or starts a legal action. |
| ratification | Affirming a prior act which was not legally binding; the affirmation gives the act legal effect |
| breast height | The height at which the diameter of a tree is measured |
| neuer markt | Established in 1997 and closed down in June 2003, the Neuer Markt was a trading segment of Deutsche Börse AG (German Stock exchange) which focused on high-growth companies. |
| empirical var | A measure of a financial instrument’s, a portfolio of financial instruments’, or an entity’s exposure to reductions in value resulting from changes in prevailing interest rates |
| merger | The joining of two companies. |
| uptick | A transaction at a price higher than the preceding transaction in that security. |
| liquidity | Both the capacity and the perceived capacity to meet all obligations whenever due and to take advantage of business opportunities important to the future of the enterprise |
| refusal to accept documents | If the issuing, confirming or nominated bank, following examination, decides to refuse the documents, it must inform the presenter without delay, but not later than seven bank working days following receipt of the documents |
| nuncupative will | An oral will, usually in a deathbed situation, before witnesses who later testify to its authenticity. |
| economic life | The “profitable” life of fixtures and equipment or any improvement; this life could be greater or less than the depreciable life for income tax purposes. |
| lgips | See local government investment pools. |
| income notes | See equity tranche. |
| electronic chattel paper | A document that includes both monetary obligation and a security agreement consisting of information stored in an electronic medium |
| positive gap | A term referring to an asset-sensitive condition |
| double die | A die that received one of its several blows from a hub or |
| improvements | Generally, buildings, but may include any permanent structure or other development |
| character | A term used by lenders and credit analysts to describe an individual’s integrity and management ability |
| market | A set of arrangements for bringing buyers and sellers together through the price mechanism |
| direct collection | Service for handling export draft collections in which the exporter’s bank provides the forms that bear the bank’s own letterhead for mailing documents to the buyer’s bank for collection |
| rate-sensitive liabilities | The quantity of liabilities subject to repricing within a defined time period |
| controlled auction | A process whereby the potential seller of a business will appoint an intermediary (commonly a investment bank) to prepare a sale memorandum (“the book”) and send it to an agreed list of potential buyers, who will then enter an auction process |
| cbo | See collateralized bond obligation. |
| patent | a legal right to sue any person or company that attempts to use, manufacture or sell the patented product or process |
| house air waybill | In air transport business the so-called «House Air Waybill (HAWB)» is common today |
| negative gap | A term referring to a liability-sensitive condition |
| long-term incentive plan | Components of Executive Board compensation with a long-term incentive effect, related both to internal measures of success as well as the performance of the Bilfinger Berger share price. |
| offer or offered price | The trading price proposed by the prospective seller of securities |
| venue | Neighborhood; often used to refer to the county or place in which an acknowledgment is made before a notary; also refers to the county in which a lawsuit may be filed or tried. |
| gaap | See generally accepted accounting principles. |
| pillar two pension | Pillar two refers to the occupational pension provisions, which are provided by the employer. |
| inverted yield curve | See yield curve slope. |
| closing conditions | Closing Conditions are conditions that must be satisfied (or waived) before parties to a financing or Change of Control transaction can consummate the transaction |
| straight line depreciation | An often used depreciation method whereby an asset's value is written off in equal amounts over the life of the asset. |
| transferable emissions permit | Each permit allows the holder of the permit to generate a certain amount of pollution |
| implied volatility | Volatility of a financial instrument that is imputed by subtracting all of the other factors thought to contribute to the price of an option |
| model risk | The risk that incorrect or sub-optimal interest rate risk management decisions will be made because of errors in the model used to measure risk exposure |
| pick apart | find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws |
| circular flow | Cyclical representation describing how households give money to firms, which then provide goods and services for households. |
| credit card | A plastic card that gives access to a line of credit |
| multiple listing | The pooling in a central bureau of listings of properties for sale |
| nickel | An informal name for 5 basis points. |
| party wall | A wall generally erected on a property boundary or between two lots for the common benefit and use of the property owners on either side. |
| ginnie mae | An informal name for the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) or for securities issued by it. |
| spv or spe | A special purpose vehicle (SPV) or special purpose entity (SPE) is a company that is created solely for a particular financial transaction or series of transactions. |
| ratchet | a mechanism to prevent dilution |
| flat yield curve | See yield curve slope. |
| *crediting periods | The crediting period is the time period for which credits will be awarded without the need for a review of the project's baseline assumptions |
| mezzanine financing | Financing wherein the junior debt in a leveraged buyout comes from a lender willing to take a subordinate position |
| pass-through | The original type of MBS structure |
| warehouse receipt | Written evidence of goods held in a warehouse operated by a third party |
| labor productivity | The amount of output divided by the number of units of labor employed. |
| gold certificate | A note issued by the U.S |
| gatekeepers | intermediaries which endowments, pension funds and other institutional investors use as advisors regarding private equity investments. |
| bluetooth | A short-range wireless technology designed to allow connection of portable devices in a wire-free manner |
| short-run and long-run elasticity | Measures in the response to price movements; long-run measures total response, and short-run measures immediate response. |
| nouveau marché | Established in 1996 and dissolved in June 2005, the Nouveau Marché was a stock market dedicated to innovative companies with high-growth potential |