Glossary extracted starting with automatic seeds, with PTM for the domain che and language EN

refractive index	The ratio of the velocity of the incident wave to that of a refracted wave
phantom	A reference standard used to verify the performance of medical diagnostic ultrasound systems.
curler	A high steep wave that curls or falls back onto its own upstream face
emulsification time	The period of time during which the emulsifier is permitted to combine with the liquid penetrant
standard geometric deviation	Measure of value dispersion about a geometric mean; the frequency-distribution portion that is one standard geometric deviation to either side of the geometric mean; accounts for 68% of total samples.
swap	A contract whereby one counterparty agrees to exchange a fixed price for a floating price, settled by the value of an underlying asset
lead	Much of the lead used today is obtained through recycling
dual phase steels	Carbon or stainless steel combining the character of two allotropic forms of steel, so that they are ductile enough for deep drawing but after forming have superior strength.
carbonate mineral	A mineral that is made up of compounds with a carbonate group bonded to a metal
inherent spectral contrast	Percent difference in radiant energy associated with an object and its background at an observer distance equal to zero.
flotation	A solids-liquid or liquid-liquid separation procedure, which is applied to particles of which the density is lower than that of the liquid they are in
calibration	The process of submitting samples of known value to an instrument, in order to establish the relationship of value to instrumental output.
free machining	Metal such as steel or brass which has been alloyed with small amounts of lead, bismuth or other soft metal to optimise machinability
dilution ratio	the critical low flow of the receiving water at the point of recycled water discharge divided by the flow of the discharge. Is used in the biomonitoring test to simulate in-stream conditions that organisms will be exposed to during critical low-flow times.
synergism	The combined action of several chemicals, which produces a total effect greater than the effects of the chemicals separately.
rcra	Resource Conservation and Recovery Act - federal legislation requiring that hazardous waste be tracked from "cradle" (generation) to "grave" (disposal).
continental margin	The area between a continent's shoreline and the beginning of the ocean floor
commercial in-service date	The date at which a new unit has completed its testing and is turned over to operating staff for normal system operation.
m1	VIEWS Status Flag: Missing value because no value is available; Source: NARSTO
pangaea	Hypothetical super continent that existed in the geological past
blast furnace	A furnace in which a mixture of ore and coke is raised to a high temperature by blowing air in at the bottom
specific gravity	The specific gravity is a comparison of the mass of a substance to the mass of water with the same volume
albedo	The fraction of total light incident on a reflecting surface that is reflected back omnidirectionally.
insect	Relatively small and simple animals that have a rigid external skeleton, three body sections, three pairs of legs, and antennae
dolomite	A natural carbonate of calcium and magnesium generally used as a flux in blast furnaces.
sight path	The straight line between the observation point and the target.
hygroscopic coefficient	Maximum limit of hygroscopic water around the surface of a soil particle.
quenching	Rapid cooling from a high temperature by immersion in a
contract	A legal document setting out the respective responsibilities of buyer and seller or client and broker in relation to a transaction or series of transactions
slitting	A process of converting sheet in coils into narrower strip by passing the metal through a machine with multiple rotary knives.
maturity	A forward or futures contract reaches maturity when its delivery date arrives.
stream segment	refers to the surface waters of an approved planning area exhibiting common biological, chemical, hydrological, natural, and physical characteristics and processes
hgdep	VIEWS parameter: Total Mercury Deposition
radioactivity	Spontaneous emission of radiation from the unstable nucleus of an atom.
phase	A state of matter
multistage model	A carcinogenesis dose-response model in which cancer is assumed to originate as a "malignant" cell initiated by a series of somatic-like mutations occurring in a finite number of steps
residual method	Bath is applied after current has been shut off; that is, the indicating particles are on the part when residual (remaining) magnetic field is present.
be_ec_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate EC PM2.5; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
p-t	Partitioning-Transmutation
through-transmission	A test method in which ultrasonic energy is transmitted through the test object and received by a second transducer on the opposite side
omcf_small	VIEWS parameter: Organic Carbon Mass (Fine), Small Fraction; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
specific absorbed fraction	The fraction of energy of that emitted as a specified radiation type in a source region, S, that is absorbed in 1 kg of a target tissue, T.
galloway position	Basic position for oar boats; the oarsman faces the bow, which is pointed downstream.
ng	natural gas
solar year	The time it takes the Earth to make one orbit around the Sun
freshwater	Water containing less than 1 mg/l of dissolved solids of any type.
suspended load	specific sediment particles maintained in the water column by turbulence and carried with the flow of water.
coalescence	Liquid particles in suspension that unite to create particles of a greater volume.
age hardening	A process of allowing certain alloys, notably of aluminium and some steels, that exhibit this characteristic to return to a hardened state after annealing by leaving them for a few hours or days at room temperature
family planning	a system of limiting family size and the frequency of childbearing by the appropriate use of contraceptive techniques.
grinding	A machining process:- (a) to shape components
cation exchange capacity	The capacity of a soil to exchange cations with the soil solution
filtration inherent	The filtration exhibited by the walls and other materials of a radiation source through which the radiation must pass before it is utilized.
probe	Eddy current transducer.
deuterium	Isotope of hydrogen whose nucleus contains one neutron and one proton and is about twice as heavy as the nucleus of normal hydrogen
die stamping	Die stamping (also known as machine-stamping) is a process in which sheet metal is cut and shaped between two dies, forming a pattern in relief
entrainment	One of three distinct processes involved in erosion
actual yield	How much product was actually made in a reaction - determined by measurement.
abare	Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
chlorine-contact chamber	The part of a water treatment plant where effluent is disinfected by chlorine.
end-use	A detailed description of how the ultimate consignee intends to use the commodities being exported.
warrant	The document of title to metal stored in an LME registered warehouse
seismograph	Instrument that measures the energy contained in seismic waves from an earthquake or other type of ground displacement.
capillary action	movement of water through very small spaces due to molecular forces called capillary forces.
reference map	Map that shows natural and human-made objects from the geographical environment with an emphasis on location
cup fracture	Fracture, frequently seen in tensile test pieces of a ductile material , in which the surface of failure on one portion shows a central flat area of failure in tension, with an exterior extended rim of failure in shear.
thermokarst	Landscape dominated by depressions, pits, and caves that is created by the thawing of ground ice in high latitude locations
chezy's roughness	a coefficient in Chezy's equation that accounts for energy loss due to the friction between the channel and the water.
iridium	graphite, or ceramic crucible.
aluminium bronze	An alloy of 89-95% copper and 5-11% aluminium with good bearing properties
nearby	A date/contract that is relatively close to the cash/spot/expiry date.
scale	A specific relative or proportional size or extent of a phenomena as measured through space and/or time.
blood lead levels	the amount of lead in the blood
settling	The process of sinking of a substance sinking in water
glacial surge	A rapid forward movement of the snout of a glacier.
laterization	Soil forming process that creates a laterite layer.
cfs	Cubic feet per second
bar	A long product in a non-ferrous or ferrous metal of rectangular, or sometimes circular, cross-section, normally over 10mm thick and up to 300mm wide
lemel	A precious metal trade term for scrap turnings and filings.
primary treatment	mechanical treatment in which large solids are screened out and suspended solids in the sewage settle out as sludge
molecule	The smallest part something can be divided into while still being considered the same substance.
scout	To examine a rapid from shore.
drawback	The refund of customs import duty on the re-export of the goods or export of products made from them.
nonrelevant indication	An indication that has no relation to a significant discontinuity.
diffusion	a process by which substances, heat, or other properties of a medium are transferred from regions of higher concentrations to regions of lower concentration.
electromagnetic acoustic transducer	A device using the magneto effect to generate and receive acoustic signals for ultrasonic nondestructive tests.
subsolar point	The location on the Earth where the Sun is directly overhead
sub-zero	A low temperature treatment carried out after quenching
relative life lost	The ratio of the proportion of observed years of life lost among people dying of a disease in an exposed population and the corresponding proportion in a similar population without the exposure.
tidal period	Time it takes for one tidal cycle.
tolerances	The amount of variation permitted on
trna	Transfer RNA, cool 3D structure
binder	Chemicals that hold short fibres together in a cartridge filter.
terminal moraine	Moraine that marks the maximum advance of a glacier.
cire perdu	See lost wax.
infce	International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, late 1970s.
basic lining	In steelmaking the type of refractory furnace lining influences the type of steel produced
mwd/t	Megawatt days per tonne
sleet	See ice pellets.
cosmic rays	Naturally occurring powerful radiation that exists in outer space (radiation coming from the cosmos)
sedimentary rock	Rocks formed by the deposition, alteration and/or compression, and lithification of weathered rock debris, chemical precipitates, or organic sediments
rope thwarts	In paddle rafts, taut ropes or straps running crossways from tube to tube and often positioned just forward of cross tubes
capital expenditure	Total capital expenditure on tangible assets which includes stay-in-business and project capital.
military grid reference system	A simplified subset of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grid System
drift	A horizontal tunnel generally driven alongside an ore deposit, from a shaft, to gain access to the deposit.
volatile	A volatile compound has a lower boiling point than surrounding compounds
oxygen demanding waste	organic water pollutants that are usually degraded by bacteria if there is sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water.
electron	An elementary negatively charged particle orbiting within an atom, the electrons are arranged in shells - and it is the outermost shell electrons which take part in bond formation.
prevailing wind	Dominant direction that a wind blows from for a location or region.
frm_so4	VIEWS parameter: FRM SO4; CAS Number: 14808-79-8; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
strata	The layers or beds found in sedimentary rock.
levee	a natural or man-made earthen obstruction along the edge of a stream, lake, or river
multiple back reflections	Repetitive echoes from the far boundary of the test object.
crystal cleavage	Cleavage is the way a crystal breaks when it is fractured
mesotrophic lake	Lake with a moderate nutrient supply
radioisotope	Element that emits ionizing radiation when it decays
soil-heat flux	The rate of flow of heat energy into, from, or through the soil.
genomic instability	Radiation-induced changes that occur several cell generations after the radiation exposure
epithermal	a hydrothermal ore deposit formed at lower temperatures (50-200 ºC) and depths (1 km)
radiogenic	Caused by radiation.
ceramic	Material from which pottery, earthenware, or porcelain is made
large fraction	Pertains to the revised IMPROVE algorithm
mantle	Layer of the Earth's interior composed of mostly solid rock that extends from the base of crust to a depth of about 2,900 kilometers.
metallurgy	The science and art of separating metals and metallic minerals from their ores by mechanical and chemical processes; the preparation of more metalliferous materials from raw ore.
cooling tower	Structure in a nuclear power plant used to remove heat from cooling water from the condenser
point source	A source of pollution that is point-like in nature
absorbers	Dark-colored objects that soak up heat in solar collectors.
clearing platform	System that allows market participants to submit a transaction to the clearing house for processing.
ammno3	Ammonium nitrate.
film holder	A light tight carrier for films and screens.
roentgen	A unit of exposure dose of ionizing radiation
fog	A darkening of the film resulting from chemical action of the developer, aging, scattered secondary radiation, pre-exposure to radiation or exposure to visible light.
fe2o3	VIEWS parameter: Fe2O3; CAS Number: 1309-37-1; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
priority date	the date of establishment of a water right
sublime	A material which readily passes from the solid to the gaseous state without going through the liquid phase is said to sublime.
capital spending	Amount spent on acquisition of fixed assets (equipment and machinery) and subsidiaries during the year, less government grants received
service	Performance of work paid by someone else
maturity	When a futures contract comes to its due date (see maturity).
percolation	Vertical movement or infiltration of water from the Earth's surface to its subsurface
metric ton	Also called tonne, weighing 1,000kg or 2204.6 lb
basis	(i) The listed or starting point of a product price, from which discounts are deducted or extras and surcharges are added
electrolyte	See electrolysis.
hyper-eutectoid	A steel that contains more than 0.83% carbon which
habitat	the native environment or specific surroundings where a plant or animal naturally grows or lives
human-land tradition	Academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates human interactions with the environment.
vein	A fissure, fault or crack in a rock filled by minerals that have traveled upwards from some deep source.
one-tailed statistical test	Is an inferential statistical test where the values for which one can reject the null hypothesis are located entirely in one side of the center of the probability distribution.
limited edition	Pens that are designed to be made in only limited numbers
ddu	Delivered duty unpaid.
indicator organisms	microorganisms, such as coliforms, whose presence is indicative of pollution or of more harmful microorganism.
fault scarp	The section of the fault plane exposed in a fault
phase array	A mosaic of transducer elements in which the timing of the elements’ excitation can be individually controlled to produce certain desired effects, such as steering the beam axis or focusing the beam.
condensation	the change of state from a gas to a liquid
si units	The international system of units as defined by the general conference on weights and measures in 1960
photosynthesis	The process of conversion of water and carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
polar high	Surface area of atmospheric high pressure located at about 90° North and South latitude
flash flood	A rapid and short-lived increase in the amount of runoff water entering a stream resulting in a flood.
tailings	The material that remains after all metals considered economic have been removed from ore during milling.
shoe	A device used to adapt a straight beam transducer for use in a specific type of testing, including angle beam or surface wave tests and tests on curved surfaces
emulsion	A dispersal, with a variety of industrial uses of one liquid as small particles in another liquid
tic	VIEWS parameter: Titanium (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-32-6; AQS Code: 83161; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
margin	See Initial Margin and Variation Margin.
vitrification	The incorporation of intermediate and high-level radioactive waste into glass for long-term storage.
siberian high	High pressure system that develops in winter over northern central Asia.
sand ripples	Another term used for wind ripples.
grain oriented	In steel, sheet for electrical laminations for transformers and motors is sold as grain oriented or non-grain oriented
ultraviolet	Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of 4 to 400 nanometers.
population parameter	A value used to represent a certain quantifiable characteristic of a population
ecf_bext	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Elemental Extinction (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
micro	A prefix that divides a basic unit by one million.
olivine	Common silicate mineral found in rocks formed from mafic magma
vested water right	the right granted by a state water agency to use either surface or ground water.
toxic	poisonous.
disinfection byproducts	halogenated organic chemicals formed when water is disinfected.
residual stress	The stress which exists in an elastic solid body
systematic error	Errors that are reproducible and tend to bias a result in one direction
liquid	A state of matter, neither gas nor solid, that flows and takes the shape of its container.
operational limits and conditions	A set of rules establishing parameter limits, the functional capability and the performance level of its equipment and personnel for safe operation.
cmaq	Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system
id grinding	Term for internal (dimension) grinding.
tonnage	Quantity of material measured in tonnes or tons.
elongation	A test to measure the ductility of steel
heavy water	Water in which the hydrogen atoms contain one neutron in their nucleus in addition to the characteristic proton.
spring	Ground water seeping out of the earth where the water table exceeds the ground surface.
non-point sources	Diffuse water pollution sources without a specific point of origin
ecological niche	Is all of the physical, chemical and biological conditions required by a species for survival, growth and reproduction
divide	The topographic ridge that separates drainage basins.
safety clasp	A safety clasp is a secure type of closure on a piece of jewelry
semipermeable	A medium that allows water to pass through, but rejects dissolved solids, so that it can be used to separate solids from water.
trickling filter	a treatment system in which wastewater is trickled over a bed of stones or other material covered with bacteria that break down the organic waste and produce clean water.
sediment rating curve	Numerical expression or graphical curve that describes the quantitative relationship between stream discharge and the sediment transported by a particular stream.
speaker	the leader of the House of Representatives, who controls debate and the order of discussion; chosen by vote of the majority party.
haze	An atmospheric aerosol of sufficient concentration to be visible
validation	comparison of computer model results with a set of data that were not used for calibration.
smog	a term coined in the early 20th century to describe the mixture of smoke (generated by industrial and domestic burning of coal) and fog found in UK towns and cities
gillnets	walls of netting that are usually staked to the sea floor
pyranometer	Instrument that measures directly the loss of total solar radiance under clear sky conditions.
stadial moraine	See recessional moraine.
attenuation	The process of reduction of a compound's concentration over time
silurian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 408 to 438 million years ago
network	A collection of environmental monitoring locations operated according to a common set of protocols and objectives
bubbler	See water column.
terrace	An elevated surface above the existing level of a floodplain or shore that is created by stream or ocean wave erosion.
sentiment	The collective mood of a market
colloids	finely divided solids which will not settle but which may be removed by coagulation or biochemical action.
coil	Sheet metal is coiled up as it emerges from the rolling mill and is then normally strapped and sold in this form
inhibition model of succession	This model of succession suggests that the change in plant species dominance over time is caused by death and small scale disturbances and variations is plant species longevity and ability to disperse
accumulation mode	A size range of particles, from about 0.1 to 3 micrometers, formed largely by accumulation of gases and particles upon smaller particles
vacuum degassing	A ladle of molten metal is placed within a chamber which is then evacuated
underflow	movement of water through subsurface material.
d-shaped plasma	A toroidal plasma whose cross-section is in the form of a D.
stopper	A reversal powerful enough to stop a raft momentarily
reniform habit	A shape of a large crystal which has the arrangement of several small rounded balls stuck together
mitochondria	Organelle in a cell that oxidizes organic (see respiration) energy for use in cellular metabolism.
oxidized	a soft, weathered rock having undergone a chemical reaction with oxygen by oxidation of such elements as sulphur, iron and carbon
ferro-alloy	An alloy with iron of a metal used to make steel alloys
amv	Ammonium metavanadate
delamination	A laminar discontinuity such as an area of unbonded materials.
matric force	Force that holds soil water from 0.0002 to 0.06 millimeters from the surface of soil particles
elastic deformation	Change of dimensions accompanying stress in the elastic range, original dimensions being restored upon release of stress.
quotas	(i) Tonnage limits on the amount of a particular ore, metal or alloy that can be imported into a country in a month, quarter or year either absolutely or at a more favourable rate of import duty
creep	Time-dependent strain occurring under stress, or the change of shape that occurs gradually under a steady load.
inherent defects	Discontinuities which are normal in the material at the time it originally solidifies from the molten state.
pennsylvanian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 286 to 320 million years ago
spatial frequency	The reciprocal of the distance between sine wave crests (or troughs) measured in degrees of angular subtense of a sine wave grating
photocurrent	An electric current induced by radiant energy.
short	(i) A futures market commitment to sell material at a future date for which the holder does not have the underlying metal
europium	Symbol:"Eu" Atomic Number:"63" Atomic Mass: 151.96amu
rod	(i) Non-ferrous; a round, square or polygonal solid section supplied in straight lengths
efficiency	The efficiency of a system is given by the ratio of usable energy released by the system and the energy consumed by the system.
apportionment	To distribute or divide and assign proportionately.
fast neutron reactor	A reactor with no moderator and hence utilizing fast neutrons
spectral	An adjective implying a separation of wavelengths of light or other waves into a spectrum or separated series of wavelengths.
blotting paper	Special super-absorbent paper (like J
random error	Errors that vary in a non-reproducible way
immigration	Migration of an organism into an area for the purpose of changing its residence permanently
fssrh	VIEWS parameter: Sea salt fRH; Type Code: CALC; Units: Unspecified
water consumption	The complete removal of water from some type of source, like groundwater, for some use by humans
watt	The unit of electric power, or amount of work (J), done in a unit of time
extinction	complete disappearance of a species because of failure to adapt to environmental change.
anodizing	A process of improving the corrosion resistance of aluminum by thickening the natural oxide film on the surface
etruscan jewelry	Ancient Etruscan jewelry has intricate and beautiful designs; most is made of gold
procurement channels	Ways in which unauthorized users seek sensitive technology and items
disinfection	the killing of the larger portion of the harmful and objectionable bacteria in the sewage
absorbance	Absorbance is a measure of the amount of light which is not passed through a substance
inflow	entry of rainwater into a sewer system from sources other than infiltration, such as basement drains, manholes, storm drains, and street washing.
yield strength	The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation is usually 0.2% for most metals
concentration cell	A cell involving an electrolyte and two identical electrodes, with the electrical potential resulting from differences in the chemistry of the environments adjacent to the two electrodes.
scandium	Symbol:"Sc" Atomic Number:"21" Atomic Mass: 44.96amu
boof	To slide over rocks and off drops in such a way that the boat lands level with the bottom down
damage	any reduction in the intended use or value of a biological or physical resource
national recreation areas	areas of federal land that have been set aside by Congress for recreational use by members of the public.
electrolyte	A material, usually a liquid or paste, that will conduct an electric current.
traded option	An option contract based on standardised terms which can be traded to third parties or on an Exchange
reactive element	When an element is reactive, it is easily excited
flexure	a fold or bend in rock strata
open pit	Another term for open cast mining when the deposit reaches from near the surface to well below the surface.
impedance method	Eddy current method, which monitors the change in prove impedance; both phase and amplitude.
mockup	A piece of hardware reproducing some or all of the features of an actual component to be used in ITER.
short wave	A small wave in the polar jet stream and the westerlies that extends from the middle to the upper troposphere
whiskers	Thin hair-like growths on metal that are barely visible to the naked eye, they are stronger than the metals from which they are formed, probably because they are free from defects.
condensation	Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.
gold produced	Refined gold in a saleable form derived from the mining process.
dune field	An extensive region covered by numerous sand dunes.
chlt	VIEWS parameter: Chloride (Tsp); Description: Chloride ion concentration from open inlet (no size cut); Type Code: TSP; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
scale	The precipitate that forms on surfaces in contact with water as the result of a physical or chemical change.
brackish	Environment that is influenced by seawater with a salinity less than 35 parts per thousand (usually caused by the presence of an inflow of fresh water).
toxicity profile	An examination, summary, and interpretation of a hazardous substance to determine levels of exposure and associated health effects.
transaction	A single trade
grazing food chain	Model describing the trophic flow of organic energy in a community or ecosystem.
wet deposition	The deposit of atmospheric gases and particles (incorporated into rain, snow, fog, or mist) to water or land surfaces.
p	Chemical symbol for Phosphorus.
nucleolus	Or densely packed portion of the Nucleus.
phase function	Relationship of scattered to incident light as a function of scattering angle; volume scattering function.
thermal mass	Materials that store heat within a sunspace or solar collector.
hyperbola	A hyperbola is a conic section (the intersection of a cone with a plane) that has two mirror-image branches
feeder	A circuit, such as conductors in conduit or a busway run, which carries a large block of power from the service equipment to a sub-feeder panel or a branch circuit panel or to some point at which the block power is broken into smaller circuits.
tailings dam	A natural or man-made area suitable for depositing the material that remains after the treatment of ore.
surface tension	The elastic-like force in a body, especially a liquid, tending to minimize, or constrict, the area of the surface.
natural gas liquids	The complete range of easily liquefied hydrocarbon gases associated with the production and processing of natural gas: ethane, propane and butanes.
prokaryote	Cell or organism lacking a membrane-bound, structurally discrete nucleus and other subcellular compartments
osmosis	Water molecules passing through membranes naturally, to the side with the highest concentration of dissolved impurities.
attenuation	The diminution of quantity
fault zone	A fault that is expressed as a zone of numerous small fractures or of breccia or fault gouge
subtropical jet stream	Relatively fast uniform winds concentrated within the upper atmosphere in a narrow band
bear spread	An option spread of either puts or calls whereby the holder of the position benefits when prices fall.
surface tension	Tension of a liquid's surface
photosphere	The visible region of the atmosphere of the Sun or another star.
non-parametric statistical test	Statistical tests that do not assume the sample data is normally distributed.
alkene	A hydrocarbon containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
in-situ vitrification	technology that treats contaminated soil in place at high temperatures, at 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit or more.
pulse tuning	Control of pulse frequency to optimize system response.
side	One half of a trade – either buy or sell.
expiration date	The date at which the buyer's rights under an option contract expire unless declared
catalyst	A catalyst is a compound or element that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction
packing factor	The ratio of array area to actual land area or building envelope area, for a system; or, the ratio of total Photovoltaic cell area to the total module area, for a module.
dew point	The temperature at which humidity in the air will condense upon a solid surface.
background luminance	A measure of light power reflected or emitted from the background of an object within a solid angle of one steradian per unit area projected in a given direction.
positron	An elementary particle with a positive electric charge but in other respects identical to an electron.
smoke	suspended soot particles produced by combustion (burning) of fuels
slump	See rotational slip.
environmental impact statement	a document that analyzes the effects of major federal projects on the environment
weather	The state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place.
remediation	methods used to remove or contain a toxic spill or hazardous materials from a Superfund site; a generic term used to describe cleanup activities.
resistivity	Reciprocal of conductivity.
metallographic	Pertaining to examination of a metallic surface with the aid of a microscope
illinois inclusion count method	A determination of the index number of cleanliness of steel.
nmpt	Non Market Price Transaction
chromium	When used as an alloying element, chromium
volatile organic compounes	a group of chemicals that react in the atmosphere with nitrogen oxides, heat and sunlight to form ozone; VOCs are referred to as hydrocarbons.
light extinction	a measure of how much light is absorbed or scattered as it passes through a medium, such as the atmosphere
class ii area	areas of the country protected under the Clean Air Act, but identified for somewhat less stringent protection from air pollution damage than a Class I area, except in specified cases.
greenhouse effect	The effect of the Earth's atmosphere, due to certain gases, in trapping heat from the sun; the atmosphere acts like a greenhouse.
hedging	Precautionary buying or selling (whether physically or in a futures market) or ordering to reduce or eliminate future price risk.
foot wall	The bottommost surface of an inclined fault.
bubble	Bubbles are spherical or tear-shaped bubbles of gas captured in glass stones
secondary aerosols	Aerosol formed by the interaction of two or more gas molecules and/or primary aerosols.
supercritical water	a type of thermal treatment using moderate temperatures and high pressures to enhance the ability of water to break down large organic molecules into smaller, less toxic ones
credit risk	The risk a debtor will default by failing to repay principal.
law of basin areas	Morphometric relationship observed in the mean basin area size of stream segments of a particular classification order in stream channel branching
ana	Australian Nuclear Association
estimator	An estimator is any value calculated from the sample data For example, the sample mean is an estimator of the population mean.
aerosol	Suspensions of tiny liquid and/or solid particles in the air.
osha	Occupational Safety and Heath Administration of the U.S
short ton	A ton of 2,000 lb, mostly used in the USA
funnel cloud	A tornado which is beginning its descent from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud
aerosol extinction	See reconstructed light extinction.
mineralized material	Mineralized material is the projection of mineralization in rock based on geological evidence and assumed continuity
amprometric titration	a way of measuring concentrations of certain substances in water using the electric current that flows during a chemical reaction.
electric utility	An organization responsible for the installation, operation, or maintenance of an electric supply system.
group	On the periodic table, the columns are called groups
col	Saddle like depression found between two mountain peaks
illuviation	Deposition of humus, chemical substances, and fine mineral particles in the lower layers of a soil from upper layers because of the downward movement of water through the soil profile
sole-source aquifer	an aquifer that supplies 50 percent or more of the drinking water of an area.
dimpled rupture fracture	A fractographic term describing ductile fracture that occurs by the formation and coalescence of microvoides along the fracture path
boil line	The line below vertical-drop reversals above which the surface current moves back upriver into the falls and below which the surface current moves off downriver
open cast mining	Mining technique used for large deposits near the surface.
microstructure	The structure that is observed when a polished and etched specimen of metal is viewed in an optical microscope at magnifications in range of approximately x25 to x1500.
nmhc	non-methane hydrocarbons; the sum of all hydrocarbon air pollutants except methane
curve	sectional area of the test piece) is plotted against strain
abalone	A deposit made from inside a seashell, also called mother-of-pearl.
helium	that thus does not originate from the Big Bang
byzantine chain	A chain with close-fitting links, creating an intricate design that forms a tube.
forwarding agent	This is the person in the country of origin who is authorized by a principle party in interest to perform the services required to facilitate the export of the items from the country of origin
g	gram
maraging steels	Nickel-containing steels which attain their highest strength by heat treatment followed by ageing for several hours at lower temperature.
toluene	One of the aromatic hydrocarbons, produced from crude oil via fractional distillation and catalytic reforming
nominal risk coefficient	Sex-averaged and age-at-exposure-averaged lifetime risk estimates for a representative population.
fern	A group of about 11,000 species of vascular seedless plants that belong to the division Pterophyta
plant	Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae
tourmaline	Tourmalines' were first identified in a shipment of gems sent from Ceylon to Holland in 1703
wrought iron	Iron which has been puddled (hammered) until malleable; it has superior corrosion resistance to steel
snowfield	An area of permanent snow accumulation
flux skimmings	A type of zinc scrap arising from skimming oxidised metal from the surface of a hot dip galvanizing bath
crc	See coil.
pcc	Premature chromosome condensation, a method of studying chromosomes that are in the interphase stage of the cell cycle
aluminium	The most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, ( approximately 8% by mass )
alicyclic compounds	An alicyclic compound contains rings of -CH2- units joined by single bonds
derivative	A financial instrument or agreement between two parties that has a value, based on the underlying asset
fossil fuel	A fuel based on carbon presumed to be originally from living matter, e.g., coal, oil, gas
liquidity	Measure informed by the volume of trade in a particular market that defines the ability of an instrument or asset to be bought or sold without affecting its value (see liquidity risk).
direct stip casting	Casting steel strip very close to final dimensions to minimise the need for subsequent hot rolling to size (from conventional slab).
stratopause	The stratopause is a relatively thin atmospheric transition layer found between the stratosphere and the mesosphere
photon	A particle of light that acts as an individual unit of energy.
photosphere	Visible surface of Sun from which radiant energy is release.
rubidium	Soft, silver-white, metallic element
tensile strength	In tensile testing, the ratio of maximum load to the original cross-sectional area.
cancelled warrant	Cancelled warrants are important in that they represent the change in stockpiles of metal that may no longer be available at LME warehouses and is booked for removal or onward shipment
aerosol	A suspension in air of solid particles or liquid droplets in which othercompounds may be dissolved.
electro magnetic waves	from radio waves to gamma rays.
cappilary membranes	Membranes about the thickness of a human hair, used for Reverse Osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltrtion.
uniform haze	Pollutants that are uniformly distributed both horizontally and vertically from the ground to a height well above the highest terrain.
split-spectrum cell	A compound photovoltaic device in which sunlight is first divided into spectral regions by optical means
spinning reserve	Utility generating capacity on-line and running at low power in excess of actual load.
c horizon	Soil horizon normally found below the B horizon and above the R horizon
v	Chemical symbol for Vanadium.
stable atmosphere	Condition in the atmosphere where isolated air parcels have a tendency to sink
nine-inch equivalent	Standard unit of volume in refractories industries; 9x4-1/2,2-1/2 in brick.
gravity circuit	A method by which mineral particles are separated with the aid of water or air, according to the differences in their specific gravities.
volcanic ash	Small sized particles ejected from explosive volcanoes.
soak time	The period time wherein the emulsifier remains in contact with the liquid penetrant/emulsifier is quenched with water, or completely removed by water rinsing
dry line	A boundary the separates dry and moist air in the warm sector of a mid-latitude cyclone wave
finite volume	a method of solving the governing equations of a numerical model by dividing the spatial domain into a mesh of nodes and corresponding volumes around each node
anti-dumping	Special tariff or other constraint on imports deemed by the importing country to be guilty of dumping.
equilibrium	A diagram constructed from thermal and other data showing the limits of composition and temperature within which the various constituents or phases of alloys are stable.
law of stream lengths	Morphometric relationship observed in the cumulative size of stream segment lengths in stream channel branching
wise use movement	a loosely-affiliated network of people and organizations throughout the U.S
yellow goods	Heavy moving equipment such as bulldozers, earth-moving equipment, big mine vehicles, mobile cranes etc
heavy media	A slurry in which some ores or scrap metal of differing densities can be sorted by flotation.
air-hardening steel	Sometimes referred to as self- hardening steel
datalogger	An electronic device for measuring analog or digital signals and recording the results on a storage media
acid rain	(or Acid Mist) The deposition of acid chemicals (incorporated into rain, snow, fog, or precipitation) from the atmosphere to water or land surfaces
tio2	VIEWS parameter: Titanium Dioxide; CAS Number: 13463-67-7; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
fission	The splitting of a heavy nucleus in two, accompanied by the release of a relatively large amount of energy and usually one or more neutrons
cation	A positively charged ion.
array	Any number of photovoltaic modules connected together to provide a single electrical output
mixing layer	An unstable layer of air that has turbulent mixing, usually due to solar heating of the ground
fatigue strength	The maximum stress that can be sustained for a specified number of cycles without failure, the stress being completely reversed within each cycle unless otherwise stated.
homeowner water system	A water system that supplies piped water to a single residence.
normal distribution	A common probability distribution displayed by population data
novalak	A two-step basic flake resin with no thermosetting properties, applied to sand in shell molding process as a mold or solution.
diallyl phthalate	A thermosetting plastic that offers outstanding dimensional stability and resistance to most chemicals and chemical compounds
oceanography	the study of the ocean and ocean life.
surface	A method of hardening the surface of steel to increase its
ohmic heating system	OH system, resistive heating in a tokamak by use of an induction coil.
gamete	Mature male or female reproductive cells with a haploid set of chromosomes.
limestone	Sedimentary rock composed of carbonate minerals, especially calcium carbonate
effective porosity	the portion of pore space in saturated permeable material where the movement of water takes place.
nest	Nuclear Energy Society Taipei, China.
beachmarks	Macroscopic lines on a fatigue fracture that show the location of the tip of the fatigue crack at some point in time
mischmetal	see Rare Earths.
pendant	A pendant is a hanging ornament
shore	The land area bordering a relatively large water body like a lake or ocean.
forward	The purchase or sale of metal for delivery at a specified future date
integral vistas	Scenic views which extend beyond Class I boundaries, that are critical to the enjoyment of the area.
indicator species	Species that can be used as a early indicator of environmental degradation to a community or an ecosystem
electrodialysis	A process that uses electrical currents, applied to permeable membranes, to remove minerals from water.
molecular mass	Molecular mass is another term for formula mass
electromagnetic wave	Wave that comes from the action of electric and magnetic forces and moves at the speed of light.
plasma ironmaking	A high speed, low-energy ironmaking process.
lost alpha detectors	Detectors used for measuring unconfined alpha particles.
biota	the plant (flora) and animal life (fauna) of a region or ecosystem.
groundwater recharge	the inflow to a ground water reservoir.
transmissometer	an instrument that measures the amount of light extinction over a fixed, specified path length.
color	A grade given to a diamond to describe the color tones of the stone
mercator projection	Map projection system that presents true compass direction
nucleic acid	Basic Building block for DNA.
sustainable management	method of exploiting a resource that can be carried on indefinitely
cytoskeleton	Microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments
cilia	Hair-like structures.
receptor modeling	The application of multivariate statistical methods to the identification and quantitative apportionment of air pollutants to their sources.
structurals	Steel girders and heavy angles used in construction.
hormesis	Term describing biologically beneficial effects of low level radiation.
ecotone	a transition zone between two distinctly different ecosystems or communities.
ec3f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Elemental Fraction 3 (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88331; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
star	A large and very massive, self-luminous celestial body of gas that illuminates via the radiation derived from its internal source of energy.
gully	A deeply eroded channel created by the concentrated flow of water.
terneplate	Steel hot dip coated with lead
prokaryote	Cells without a nucleus.
transmittance	The fraction of initial light from a light source that is transmitted through the atmosphere
soilpart	VIEWS parameter: Particles: Soil composition; Description: Derived from information on the NAtChem website.; Units: NG/Cu Meter (LC)
saturation mixing ratio	Mass of water vapor that a kilogram of dry air can hold at saturation
gamma ray	High energy, electromagnetic radiation from the atomic nucleus, virtually identical to X-rays
metric conversion	Troy ounces × 31.10348 = Grams Troy ounces per short ton × 34.28600 = Grams per tonne Tons × 0.90718 = Tonnes Feet × 0.30480 = Meters Miles × 1.60930 = Kilometers Acres × 0.40468 = Hectares Fahrenheit (°F-32) × 5 ? 9 = Celsius
merchant	"Merchant" means the normal commercial quality
filtration	the mechanical process which removes particulate matter by separating water from solid material, usually by passing it through sand.
dose response	Correlation between a quantified exposure (dose) and the proportion of a population demonstrating a specific effect (response).
"nice looking rubbber"	One of the higher compliments that can be paid on a raft.
mesoscale convective complex	A cluster of thunderstorms covering an area of 100,000 kilometers or more
so4_nylon	VIEWS parameter: Sulfate from nylon; Description: Sulfate from CASTNet filter pack, nylon filter (used with SO2_whatman to calculate SO2); CAS Number: 14808-79-8; Type Code: UNS; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
topset bed	Horizontal deltaic deposit composed of coarse alluvial sediment
centrifugation	A separation process, which uses the action of centrifugal force to promote accelerated settling of particles in a solid-liquid mixture.
quicksilver water	a solution of mercury nitrate used in gilding.
grassed waterway	natural or constructed watercourse or outlet that is shaped or graded and planted in suitable vegetation for the disposal of runoff water without erosion.
needle	A type of long crystalline inclusion commonly found inside a diamond
celluloid	One of the earliest plastics, celluloid is derived from cellulose, a natural plant fibre, and was first synthesized around 1870
stream piracy	the tendency of one stream to capture the flow of another by eroding a channel that intercepts the other stream's flow.
cumulus cloud	Puffy clouds with relatively flat bases
vernal equinox	One of two days during the year when the declination of the Sun is at the equator
diffuse insulation	Sunlight received indirectly as a result of scattering due to clouds, fog, haze, dust, or other obstructions in the atmosphere
oxide ore	Mineralized rock in which some of the original minerals have been oxidized
friction	Resistance between the contact surfaces of two bodies in motion.
vector	A quantity having amplitude (magnitude) and direction
fia	Futures Industry Association (USA).
appropriative rights	"first in time, first in right” principle of allocating water rights based
recharge area	The area on the Earth's surface that receives water for storage into a particular aquifer.
nucleus	The center of an atom, that contains protons and neutrons and carries a positive charge.
jominy test	A method for determining the hardenability of steel
geodesy	The science that measures the surface features of the Earth.
cat scanner	Medical instrument that combines X-ray machines with computers in order to provide color television images of internal organs
bear market	A market in which prices are declining.
enamel	Enamel is a glassy substance (powdered glass with colorants) fused onto metal using heat
suspended load	Portion of the stream load that is carried almost permanently suspended in flowing water.
flocculation	Chemical processes where salt causes the aggregation of minute clay particles into larger masses that are too heavy to remain suspended water.
iron-carbon diagram	A diagram representing stable equilibrium conditions between iron and graphite (pure carbon) phase over the entire range of iron and steel.
carbon dioxide	Common gas found in the atmosphere
nuclear weapon state	Any state that manufactured and detonated a nuclear weapon or other explosive device prior to January 1, 1967
dividend	Cash or stock awarded to preferred and common shareholders at the discretion of the company's board of directors
aquifer	a geologic formation that will yield water to a well in sufficient quantities to make the production of water from this formation feasible for beneficial use; permeable layers of underground rock or sand that hold or transmit groundwater below the water table.
hard metals	A group of materials more commonly known as cemented carbides
quadratic detection model	Model used to predict the amount of change in equivalent contrast or perceived landscape structure required to evoke a single noticeable change in landscape appearance.
mixed tide	Tides that have a higher high water and lower high water as well as higher low water and lower low water per tidal period.
hydrolysis	Chemical weathering process that involves the reaction between mineral ions and the ions of water (OH- and H+), and results in the decomposition of the rock surface by forming new compounds, and by increasing the pH of the solution involve through the release of the hydroxide ions.
coated steel	Ordinary (carbon) steel is often coated to protect it from corrosion; metals (aluminium, nickel or zinc) or organic materials (polymer paint or resin, plastic) or a combination of metal and organic materials are used.
ice wedge	Wedge-shaped, ice body composed of vertically oriented ground ice that extends into the top of a permafrost layer
incomplete penetration	Welding root penetration which is less than complete or failure of a root pass and backing pass to fuse with each other.
rate of diffusion	This rate measurement is the speed at which molecules or atoms diffuse through a substance.
stabilisation	A term applied to a number of processes: a) A type of heat treatment to relieve internal stresses: b) The retarding or prevention of a particular reaction by the addition of a stabilising element c) A thermal and/or mechanical treatment given to magnetic material in order to increase the permanency of its magnetic properties or condition.
specific heat	Is the heat capacity of a unit mass of a substance or heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of a substance 1 degree Celsius.
plenum	Chamber or space forming a part of an air conditioning system
reference value	The value of a parameter recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for use in a biokinetic model in the absence of more specific information, i.e., the exact value used to calculate the dose coefficients presented in the report
5s	Philosophy and way of organising and managing the workplace and workflow for the purpose of improving efficiency
frh	VIEWS parameter: Relative Humidity Factor; Type Code: MET
chemical vapor deposition	A process to deposit a layer of a material from a gaseous phase onto a surface.
deciduous vegetation	Type of vegetation that sheds its leaves during winter or dry seasons
tube	An open cylinder of steel used for its structural properties in construction or as a conduit for fluids
marsh	wetland, swamp, or bog.
electrons	negatively charged, low mass particles that orbit the positively charged atom nucleus
cavern	a large underground opening in rock (usually limestone) which occurred when some of the rock was dissolved by water
astm e96	Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
geothermal energy	Energy from natural "hot spots" in the earth's crust, associated with hot, dry rock or large reservoirs of steam or hot water.
limiting range of stress	The greatest range of stress that a metal can withstand for an indefinite number of cycles without failure
primary producer	Organisms that occupy the first trophic level in the grazing food chain
partitioning	The process of chemically separating spent nuclear fuel into its constituent parts (nuclides)
annealing	temperature
mass movement	General term that describes the downslope movement of sediment, soil, and rock material.
stream	A long narrow channel of water that flows as a function of gravity and elevation across the Earth's surface
nitrogen	A common element in organic and living organisms.
grid	A network of elecric power lines and connections.
low-level waste	Mildly radioactive material usually disposed of by incineration and burial.
lake	An inland body of water, usually fresh water, formed by glaciers, river drainage, etc
knot	(abbreviated kt) a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour (eqivalent to 1.15078 miles per hour). Wind speeds, especially from aviation sources, are often given in knots. Ten knots of wind speed equals 11.5 miles per hour.
titration	An analytical technique to determine how much of a substance is present in a water sample by adding another substance and measuring how much of that substance must be added to produce a reaction.
rsj	Rolled steel joist
salinization	Pedogenic process that concentrates salts at or near the soil surface because evapotranspiration greatly exceeds water inputs from precipitation.
tectonics	See plate tectonics.
repetition rate	The number of pulses generated or transmitted per unit of time (usually seconds).
base	An alkaline substance that has a pH that exceeds 7,5.
water year	The 12-month period, usually October 1 through September 30
lchclearnet	The organisation that clears LME trades
eon	Longest geologic time unit.
structural landform	Is a landform created by massive Earth movements due to plate tectonics
climate	General pattern of weather conditions for a region over a long period time (at least 30 years).
slug	See calot
coking plant	A plant for converting metallurgical grade coal to coke for use in blast furnaces.
ignition	See controlled ignition.
chlorine contact chamber	the part of a wastewater treatment plant where treated water is disinfected by chlorine.
exporter	The person who has authority of a principal party in interest to determine and control the sending of items out of the country.
settlement price	The official daily cash price of a futures contract.
drain time	The period of time allowed for excess liquid to gradually flow off of a part after application of either the penetrant or emulsifier material.
smog	a mixture of air pollutants, principally ground-level ozone, produced by chemical reactions involving smog-forming chemicals
segregation	Nonuniform distribution of alloying elements, impurities or microphases.
so2	sulphur dioxide
sea smoke	See evaporation fog.
eccentricity	Geometric shape of the Earth's orbit
microbial growth	The multiplication of microrganisms such as bacteria, algae, diatoms, plankton, and fungi.
hassium	Symbol:"Hs" Atomic Number:"108" Atomic Mass: (265)amu
inverse dose rate effect	An effect in which, for a given exposure, the probability of effect increases as the dose rate is decreased.
lot	The minimum amount of a commodity in which one may deal on a futures market
options on futures	An option, the exercise of which results in a long or short futures position
geography	The study natural and human constructed phenomena relative to a spatial dimension.
zooplankton	tiny aquatic animals eaten by fish.
artesian aquifer	a geologic formation in which water is under sufficient hydrostatic pressure to rise above the top of the aquifer in the subsurface
monomictic	lakes and reservoirs that are relatively deep, do not freeze over during winter, and undergo a single stratification and mixing cycle during the year (usually in the fall).
cyclone	Area of low pressure in the atmosphere that displays circular inward movement of air
detriment	The total harm to health experienced by an exposed group and its descendants as a result of the group's exposure to a radiation source
base level	The subterranean elevation below which a stream cannot vertically erode sediment
nonattainment area	A geographic area in which the level of a criteria air pollutant is higher than the level allowed by the federal standards
painter	A line, usually about 20 feet long, attached to the bow of paddle rafts and the stern of oar rafts
densitometer	An instrument used to measure the degree of darkening of developed radiographic film.
ec1f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Elemental Fraction 1 (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88329; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
mast	Portable derrick that can be erected as a unit, instead of assembled part by part.
activated carbon adsorption	the process of pollutants moving out of water and attaching on to activated carbon.
ion	An atom, molecule or compound that carries either a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge.
permeability	A measure of the ability of soil, sediments, and rock to transport water horizontally and vertically
alcohol	Any organic compound that contains a -OH functional group.
brokerage	(i) Commission charged by a broker for completing a transaction on an exchange
core drilling	The process of obtaining cylindrical rock samples by means of annular-shaped rock-cutting bits rotated by a borehole-drilling machine
peclet number	the relationship between properties of the mesh, fluid velocity, and eddy viscosity for a hydraulic computer model.
luminous intensity	The luminous flux per solid angle emitted or reflected from a point
endoplasmic reticulum	Important for protein synthesis
indicator parameters	measurable physical or chemical characteristics or attributes of water or soil-pore moisture used to indicate the possible presence of waste constituents, or the effects of waste constituents on waters.
overland flow	The topographic movement of a thin film of water from precipitation to lower elevations
blizzard	Winter severe weather condition characterized by strong wind, blowing snow, and cold temperatures.
water quality standards	laws or regulations, promulgated under Section 303 of the Clean Water Act, that consist of the designated use or uses of a waterbody or a segment of a waterbody and the water quality criteria that are necessary to protect the use or uses of that particular waterbody
pulse repetition frequency	See repetition rate.
limits of proportionality	The stress (load divided by original area of cross
al2o3	VIEWS parameter: Aluminum Oxide; CAS Number: 1344-28-1; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
logarithmic scale	Measurement scale based on logarithms
smelter	A processing plant which produces crude non-ferrous metal by treating mine feed (concentrate) or residues
ca	Superglue, basically.
surface irrigation	application of water by means other than spraying such that contact between the edible portion of any food crop and the irrigation water is prevented.
masp	Monthly Average Settlement Price
antinode	A point in a standing wave where certain characteristics of the wave field have maximum amplitude.
porosity	The void spaces found in rock, sediment, or soil
non-circular cross section	A plasma configuration which has a higher vertical height than horizontal width.
hexagonal crystal	This crystal shape has six sides and no specific length
ppm	professional-person-month
monocline	A fold in layered rock that creates a slight bend.
saturation	A condition where incremental magnetic permeability of a ferromagnetic material becomes 1.0.
leaf	Metallic leaf is paper-thin sheets of metals
displacement	distance by which portions of the same geological layer are offset from each other by a fault.
embeddedness	a measure of the degree that gravel and larger substrates are surrounded by fine particles (silt and sand).
cyclic compounds	A cyclic compound is one where the atoms are joined together so as to form a closed ring.
discernible image	Image capable of being recognized by sight without the aid of magnification.
limit order	A futures order placed by a client to buy at up to, or sell at down to, his least acceptable price.
fuel cell	A fuel cell transforms energy electrochemically
opposition	when Earth is between the planet and the Sun.
hse	Health, Safety & Environment
coral	Simple marine animals that live symbiotically with algae
cloud point	The temperature at which wax begins to crystallize in a given sample of middle distillate, giving it a cloudy appearance
degasification	The process of removing dissolved gasses from water, using vacuum or heat.
chemical weathering	attack and dissolving of parent rock by exposure to rainwater, surface water, oxygen, and other gases in the atmosphere, and compounds secreted by organisms
strip chart recorder	A device for making a time record of some signal, usually an applied voltage
slope failure	The downslope movement of soil and sediment by processes of mass movement.
cliff	A tall steep rock face.
bimodal distribution	A plot of the frequency of occurrence of a variable versus the variable
average annual recharge	amount of water entering the aquifer on an average annual basis
dip	One of the directional properties of a geologic structure such as a fold or a fault
cistern	a tank used to collect rainwater runoff from the roof of a house or building.
deep drawing	The forming of deeply recessed parts by means of plastic flow of the material.
dew point	The temperature of a surface at which condensation will occur, given ambient temperature and relative humidity.
conventional rotary drilling	Produces rock chips similar to reverse circulation except that the sample is collected through a single-walled drill pipe.
community boundary	Spatial edge of a unique community.
de-energized	Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electric charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth
tectonic plate	An extensive layer of lithosphere that moves as a discrete unit on the surface of the Earth's asthenosphere.
alloy	Alloy is a mixture of two or more metals.
deflation	Process where wind erosion creates blowout depressions or deflation hollows by removing and transporting sediment and soil.
donor	An n-type dopant that puts an additional electron into an energy level very near the conduction band; this electron is easily exited into the conduction band where it increases the electrical conductivity over than of an undoped semiconductor.
guilloche	Guilloche is a type of enameling in which translucent enamel (fused glass) is applied over a metal surface that has been engraved
unstable atmosphere	Condition in the atmosphere where isolated air parcels have a tendency to rise
carcinogen	A substance capable of causing cancer in living organisms
parkerising	A chemical treatment applied to ferrous metals to
flat products	Expression mostly used in steel, covering plate, coil and sheet.
cellulose	A type of carbohydrate
isotactic	Means geometrically regular
foil	Metal in sheet form less than 0.006 inch in thickness.
electromagnetic spectrum	See spectrum.
milling	Milling is a process in which wood or metal is cut while it either the material or the tool is spinning
glacial valley	Valley that was influenced by the presence of glaciers
mariculture	cultivation of fish and shellfish in estuarine and coastal areas
monitoring	Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of ionizing radiation or radioactive contamination present in an occupied region.
cold bridging	The phenomenon of heat loss through an otherwise insulated wall assembly, due to contacting conductive materials
fahrenheit scale	Scale for measuring temperature
hardness	An increase in hardness which sometimes occurs when
oxidation-reduction potential	The electric potential required to transfer electrons from the oxidant to the reductant, used as a qualitative measure of the state of oxidation in water treatment systems.
benthic	pertaining to the bottom of a body of water, on or within the bottom substrate material.
aromatic	Referring to a hydrocarbon containing benzene-like rings and exhibiting characteristic stability and patterns of reactivity.
heat capacity	Is the ratio of the amount of heat energy absorbed by a substance compared to its corresponding temperature rise.
circum-pacific belt	A zone circling the edge of the Pacific Ocean basin where tectonic subduction causes the formation of volcanoes and trenches
mass effect	A term used to signify the effect of size and shape during heat treatment, since it is the rate of cooling of a piece of steel which determines the properties resulting from the hardening and quenching process.
föhn wind	European equivalent of chinook wind.
solar thermal electric	Method of producing electricity from solar energy by using focused sunlight to heat a working fluid, which in turn drives a turbogenerator.
collector well	a well located near a surface water supply used to lower the water table and thereby induce infiltration of surface water through the bed of the water body to the well..
long	(i) An open purchased futures position
wrought iron	Traditional ductile iron with low carbon content (usually less than 0.15%) hammered until malleable
volatile organic compound	Synthetic organic compounds which easily vaporize and are often carcinogenic.
tidal zone	Area along the coastline that is influence by the rise and fall of tides.
electric resistance furnace	Electric furnace for smelting ferro-alloys where heating is achieved through resistance to the passage of the current from carbon electrodes through the charge, as well as from arcing
prime meridian	The location from which meridians of longitude are measured
deduction	Inference in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from general theory
background level	the concentration of a substance in an environmental media (water or soil) that occurs naturally or is not the result of human activities.
attendant	An employee assigned to remain immediately outside the entrance to an enclosed or other space to render assistance as needed to employees inside the space.
langelier saturation index	an index reflecting the equilibrium pH of a water with respect to calcium and alkalinity; used in stabilizing water to control both corrosion and scale deposition.
indicators	A number of complex organic molecules can change their molecular structure and colour when faced with different pH conditions
ultraviolet light	Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light.
acid neutralizing capacity	Measure of the buffering capacity of water; the ability of water to resist changes in pH.
allogenic recharge	recharge that occurs in a sinking stream, entering an aquifer through sinkholes or fault planes
planned exposure situations	Everyday situations involving the planned operation of sources including decommissioning, disposal of radioactive waste and rehabilitation of the previously occupied land
cryogenic storage	See Liquid Hydrogen Storage.
multiple use	Use of bodies of water for more than one purpose, such as recreational purposes, fishing, and water supply.
geocoding	The conversion of features found on an analog map into a computer-digital form
platform	The method through which trades are executed
cp	contact person
holocene epoch	Period of time from about 10,000 years ago to today
rectified alternating current	By means of device called a rectifier, which permits current to flow in one direction only, alternating current can be converted to direct or unidirectional current
osmosis	The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane down the water potential gradient (from areas of high water potential to areas of low water potential)
loco	German trade term equivalent to spot.
blowout depression	Saucer shaped depressions created by wind erosion
rolling	The process of shaping metal by passing it
biocide	A chemical that is toxic to microrganisms
monitor	Device used for checking and listening.
customs officer	The Customs officers in the U.S
bowen reaction series	Model that explains the origin of the various types of igneous rocks
air quality objective	Policy targets generally expressed as a maximum ambient concentration to be achieved, either without exception or with a permitted number of exceedances, within a specified timescale
improve	Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments, a collaborative monitoring program to establish present visibility levels and trends, and to identify sources of man-made impairment
zn	Chemical symbol for Zinc.
mass wasting	General term that describes the downslope movement of sediment, soil, and rock material.
large water system	A water system that services more than 50,000 customers.
nitrogen	a plant nutrient that can cause an overabundance of bacteria and algae when high amounts are present, leading to a depletion of oxygen and fish kills
no3	VIEWS parameter: Nitrate Ion; Description: Nitrate Ion; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
soil erodibility	An indicator of a soil's susceptibility to raindrop impact, runoff, and other eroding processes.
bsi	British Standards Institution
strike-slip fault	Fault that primarily displays horizontal displacement.
weighting factor	A multiplier that is used for converting the equivalent dose to a specific organ or tissue into what is called the "effective dose." The goal of this process was to develop a method for expressing the dose to a portion of the body in terms of an equivalent dose to the whole body that would carry with it an equivalent risk in terms of the associated fatal cancer probability
actinides	This is a group of elements within the periodic table and are also known as the transuranics
standard atmospheric pressure	A pressure of 101.32 kilopascals or 1013.2 millibars.
litter	Accumulation of leaves, twigs and other forms of organic matter on the soil surface
pooled analysis	An analysis of epidemiological data from several studies based on original data from those studies that are analyzed in parallel.
agglomeration	A method of concentrating valuable minerals based on their adhesion properties.
equity	in the environmental sense, the planned dispersement of toxic or waste facilities in regions throughout the socioeconomic strata.
toughness	Toughness relates to a material's ability to resist breakage from forceful impact
greenhouse gases	Gases that trap the heat of the sun in the Earth's atmosphere, producing the greenhouse effect; the two major greenhouse gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide; lesser greenhouse gases include methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.
open outcry	A trading method whereby traders gather in person and agree to buy and sell at a given price face-to-face
ionizing radiation	Radiation that has enough energy to remove an electron from a struck atom, thus leaving positively charged particles (ions) behind
alkalinity	the measurement of constituents in a water supply which determine alkaline conditions
solubility	A measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a specific solvent
elastic wave	An energy wave that causes elastic deformation in a material without its structure and shape being deformed.
nox	nitrogen oxides; the term used to describe the sum of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and other oxides of nitrogen, which play a major role in the formation of ozone, particulate matter, haze, and acid rain
exemption	The determination by a regulatory body that a source or practice activity involving radiation need not be subject to some or all aspects of regulatory control.
skarn	Name for the metamorphic rocks surrounding an igneous intrusive where it comes in contact with a limestone or dolostone formation.
functional analysis	A method for identifying functional requirements and analyzing performance requirements and dividing them into discrete tasks or activities
decomposition	The break down of organic matter by bacteria and fungi, to change the chemical structure and physical appearance of matter.
oligotrophic lake	Lake with a low supply of nutrients in its waters
small circle	A circle on the globe's surface that does not bisect the center of the Earth
in-line filtration	a pretreatment method in which chemicals are mixed by flowing water; commonly used in pressure filtration installations.
junction	A region of transition between semiconductor layers, such as a p/n junction, which goes from a region that has a high concentration of acceptors (p-type) to one that has a high concentration of donors (n-type).
praseodymium	Symbol:"Pr" Atomic Number:"59" Atomic Mass: 140.91amu
constant-speed wind turbines	Turbines that operate at a constant rotor revolutions per minute (RPM) and are optimized for energy capture at a given rotor diameter at a particular speed in the wind power curve.
voc	Volatile organic carbons
resource	Anything obtained from the environment to meet the needs of a species.
biotransformation	Conversion of a substance into other compounds by organisms; including biodegradation.
contango	Contango on gold is the positive difference between the spot market gold price and the forward market gold price
array transducer	A transducer made up of several individually piezoelectric elements connected so that the signals they transmit or receive may be treated separately or combined as desired.
heat treatment	The subjection of metals and alloys to controlled heating and cooling after fabrication to relieve internal stresses and improve the physical properties.
sludge	A semi-solid residue, containing microoroganisms and their products, from any water treatment process.
nutrient cycle	The cycling of a single element by various abiotic and biotic processes through the various stores found in the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
ionize	To split off one or more electrons from an atom, thus leaving it with a positive electric charge
lode	A mineral deposit consisting of a zone of veins, veinlets, disseminations, or planar breccias; a mineral deposit in consolidated rock as opposed to a placer deposit.
absolute	The micron rating of a filter
ice jam	The accumulation of ice at a specific location along a stream channel
diameter	Diameter is a reference measurement against which most of the proportions on a diamond are calculated
burnup	Measure of thermal energy released by nuclear fuel relative to its mass, typically Gigawatt days per ton (GWd/tU).
shear wave	A seismic wave that creates wave-like motion perpendicular to the direction of seismic energy propagation
pit	The trading floor on some futures markets
rb	Chemical symbol for Rubidium.
artifact	Any component of a signal or measurement that is extraneous to the variable represented by the signal or measurement.
noble gas elements	Elements in the periodic table whose outermost shells are filled with electrons (8)
parts per billion	Expressed as ppb; a unit of concentration equivalent to the µg/l.
radioactive	Having the property of releasing radiation.
earn-in agreement	A company can earn an agreed upon percentage participation in another’s property by spending an agreed upon amount of money on the property in a specific amount of time.
mesophyte	Plants that have moderate water requirements.
medial moraine	Deposit of material found down the center of a glacier
pyramid of numbers	Graphical model describing the number of organisms that exist at each trophic level in a community or an ecosystem
direct run-off	Water that flows from the ground surface directly into streams, rivers, and lakes.
detritus	decaying organic matter (mostly leaves and other matter from vegetation).
environmental	Having to do with our surroundings.
agglomeration	The process of collisions of particles that stick together to become larger particles.
cave	A natural cavity or recess that is roughly positioned horizontally to the surface of the Earth.
subsidence	Lowering or sinking of the Earth's surface.
bull spread	An option spread of either puts or calls whereby the holder of the position benefits when prices rise.
steel	An alloy which contains iron as the main constituent.
map scale	Ratio between the distance between two points found on a map compared to the actual distance between these points in the real world.
shaft furnace	A melting furnace used for direct reduction of iron and sometimes used for other metals.
gravitational water	Water that moves through soil due to gravitational forces
allotropy	Certain chemical elements have the ability to exist in two or more different structural forms known as allotropes
ecosystem	the interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings; a complex system composed of a community of fauna and flora, taking into account the chemical and physical environment with which the system is interrelated.
quick-breaking	The sudden breaking of a direct current to be induced in the part by the rapid collapse of the magnetic field
paramagnetic	All materials are affected by magnetic fields
wastewater	water containing waste including greywater, blackwater or water contaminated by waste contact, including process-generated and contaminated rainfall runoff.
parametric tests	Statistical tests that assume the sample data is normally distributed.
noise	Any undesired signal that obscures the signal of interest
orbit	Path an electron takes around the nucleus of an atom.
production reactor	A nuclear reactor designed principally for the large-scale production of weapon-grade plutonium.
tellurium	Its main use in the steel industry is as an
os	Chemical symbol for Osmium.
off-road mobile sources	Emissions sources from vehicular and otherwise movable sources not traveling on roadways
refractory metal	Metal that is difficult to fuse, corrode, reduce, or draw out; capable of enduring or resisting high temperature.
mesosphere	Atmospheric layer found between the stratosphere and the thermosphere
geoid	True shape of the Earth, which deviates from a perfect sphere because of a slight bulge at the equator.
nei	Nuclear Energy Institute, the Washington DC voice of the nuclear industry.
regional metamorphism	Large scale metamorphic modification of existing rock through the heat and pressure of plutons created at tectonic zones of subduction.
elastic deformation	Change in the shape of a material as the result of the force of compression or expansion
decomposable waste	waste that under suitable natural conditions can be transformed through biological and chemical processes into compounds that do not impair water quality.
ocf_niosh	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Total (Fine) (NIOSH); Description: Organic Carbon from STN (NIOSH); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
avogadro's hypothesis	The idea that equal volumes of two gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
valley fog	Fog formed by the movement of cooler, more dense air from higher elevations to the warm valley bottom.
lithosphere	Is the solid inorganic portion of the Earth (composed of rocks, minerals, and elements)
pyrogen	Substance that is produces by bacteria and it fairly stable
pulse	A transient electrical or ultrasonic signal.
radon	Heavy, natural, radioactive gas formed by the radioactive decay of radium, a decay product of uranium
sublimation	the transition of water directly from the solid state to the gaseous state, without passing through the liquid state; or vice versa
environmental indicator	a measurement, statistic or value that provides evidence of the effects of environmental management programs or of the state or condition of the environment.
annealing	Any treatment of metal at an elevated temperature for the purpose of softening, removing residual stresses, recrystallization and other purposes.
secondary metallurgy	This term refers to treatments beyond initial steelmaking, usually in a separate vessel (such as a ladle furnace), which refine the precise chemistry and metallurgical structure of the steel.
nomogram	A graph that enables one by the aid of a straight-edge to read off the value of a dependent variable when the value of two or more independent variables are given.
physical separation	Separation by geometry (distance, orientation, etc.), by appropriate barriers, or a combination thereof.
point source	source of pollution that involves discharge of wastes from an identifiable point, such as a smokestack or sewage treatment plant
passive component	A component which does not need any external input to operate.
junction box	A Photovoltaic generator junction box is an enclosure on the module where Photovoltaic strings are electrically connected and where protection devices can be located, if necessary.
radioisotope	An unstable isotope of an element that decays or disintegrates spontaneously, emitting radiation
shaft furnace	A melting furnace classically used (i) for continuous melting of copper cathode as the first stage in the continuous casting and rolling of wire rod; (ii) for direct reduction of iron; (iii) sometimes used for other metals.
glacial trough	A deep U-shaped valley with steep valley walls that was formed from glacial erosion
cast	Made by a centrifugal method of casting metal which becomes thick and hard.
lava	Molten magma released from a volcanic vent or fissure.
subsidence	sinking down of part of the earth's crust due to underground excavation, such as removal groundwater.
futures industry association	US lobby group which represents the interests of the derivatives industry.
period	Geologic time unit that is shorter than an era but longer than a epoch.
meteoric water	groundwater which originates in the atmosphere and reaches the zone of saturation by infiltration and percolation.
heavy water	water in which all the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.
symbiotic	Mutual relationship between two organisms which is necessary for either to survive.
umbra	(A) The inner portion of the shadow of a body, within which sunlight is completely blocked
stoned	A process that acts as a resource coordinator
dense plasma fusion	see dpf - fusion using heavier particles - frequently boron with protons
infiltration	The absorption and downward movement of water into the soil layer.
abandoned water right	a water right which was not put to beneficial use for a number of years, generally five to seven years.
radionuclide	Any species of an atom that is radioactive
tankhouse	The place where electrolytic refining or electrowinning takes place
radiotoxicity	The toxicity to human cells caused by absorption of high doses of radioactive substances
light water	Ordinary water (H20) as distinct from heavy water.
anodising	A process of improving the corrosion resistance of aluminium by thickening the natural oxide film on the surface
nonelectrolyte	This is a solute that cannot conduct electricity when dissolved in the solvent (water)
below	Downriver from.
climap project	Multiuniversity research project that reconstructed the Earth's climate for the last million years by examining proxy data from ocean sediment cores.
spot welding	A process for joining steel sheets
decontrol	The removal of government controls on prices and other factors of market activity.
chromosome	Organic structure that carries an organism's genetic code (DNA).
base load	That part of electricity demand which is continuous, and does not vary over a 24-hour period
peptide	An organic compound containing the group -CONH (see below), examples of which are polypeptides.
incident ray	The 'incident ray' is the ray of light that strikes the surface before reflection, transmission, or absorption.
in vitro	Studies carried out in cell or culture systems outside the whole organism.
thermal energy	Energy in the form of heat.
hms	Heavy Melting Steel
latmin	Latitude Minimum: A valid latitude value to be used as the minimum latitude in a geographical boundary specification
homogenous aquifer	an aquifer that has similar forms or characteristics throughout, such as a uniform gravel aquifer
sewage contamination	The introduction of untreated sewage into a water body.
desertification	Conversion of marginal rangeland or cropland to a more desert like land type
alloy	A combination of two or more metals with its own distinct properties.
ambient	Surrounding or background level
internal probe	A probe for testing tube (or holes) from the inside
ingot	The mass of metal that results from casting molten steel into a mould
fisheries	an established area where fish species are cultivated and caught.
mho	Units of conductivity that are used in the study of electricity.
regosol soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
fsu	Former Soviet Union.
conduit	a natural or artificial channel through which fluids may be conveyed.
biodiversity	a large number and wide range of species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms
massive sulphide	relatively dense, fine grained, sometimes bedded, sulphide mineralization, commonly lens-shaped and stratiform, i.e
drainage plane	An uninterrupted vertical cavity between the interior side of the cladding and the exterior side of the back-up wall, meant primarily for moisture control
grantor	The person or firm that sells an option.
rca	Regional Cooperative Agreement for research, development, and training; sponsored by IAEA.
helical flow	Movement of water within a stream that occurs as spiral flows.
i2	VIEWS Status Flag: Invalid value (-999), though sample-level flag seems valid (SEM); Source: VIEWS
intermittent stream	one that flows periodically
skimmings	The oxidised surface of molten metal which is removed from the furnace or crucible
safety systems	Systems important to safety, provided to assure the safe shutdown of the plant or to limit the consequences of anticipated operational occurrences or accident conditions.
voice vote	a vote where members vote by saying either "yes" or "no" together; individual member's votes are not placed on record.
wave cyclone	See mid-latitude cyclone.
case hardening	Hardening the surface of steel without affecting the core metal.
non-cancer diseases	Somatic diseases other than cancer, e.g., cardiovascular disease and cataracts.
diffusion	(1) the movement or atoms or molecules to new sites within a material
one cancels other	On futures markets, a trading instruction incorporating two orders with a built-in further instruction to cancel one if the other is executed
lap	A defect appearing as a seam on a rolled bar
option	An option is a contract which gives the buyer the right but not the obligation for a specified period of time to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the grantor or seller a specified quantity of metal at a specified strike price on a specified delivery date in return for payment of a negotiated premium
exothermic	A chemical change in which there is liberation of heat.
short put	The position held by the seller of a put option
confluent growth	in coliform testing, abundant or overflowing bacterial growth which makes accurate measurement difficult or impossible.
ra	Chemical symbol for Radium.
leachate	Water that contains solute substances, so that it contains certain substances in solution after percolation through a filter or soil.
electrodialysis	a process which uses an electrical current and an arrangement of permeable membranes to separate soluble minerals from water
floodplain	Relatively flat area found alongside the stream channel that is prone to flooding and receives alluvium deposits from these inundation events.
aime	American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers
fermium	Symbol:"Fm" Atomic Number:"100" Atomic Mass: (257)amu
nimbostratus clouds	Dark, gray low altitude cloud that produces continuous precipitation in the form of rain or snow
d/d	Abbreviation for delivered.
nital	A solution of nitric acid in alcohol use as an etching agent in ferrous metallography.
critical point	This generally refers to a temperature at which some chemical or physical change takes place
zenith	the altitude is 90 degrees.
grade a	Designation of a good quality of tin in international commerce
open-circuit voltage	The maximum possible voltage across a photovoltaic cell or module; the voltage across the cell in sunlight when no current is flowing.
overthrust fault	Fault produced by the fracturing of rock in a fold because of intense compression.
irregular satellite	A satellite that orbits a planet far away with an orbit that is eccentric and inclined
gef	VIEWS parameter: Germanium (Fine); Description: Germanium Elemental Concentration FINE Size Fraction; CAS Number: 7440-56-4; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
standard deviation	A measure of dispersion or variation, usually taken as the square root of the variance.
cl	VIEWS parameter: Chlorine Ion; Description: Chlorine Ion; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
metamorphic rock	This is a rock type that has been reheated and crystallized
contaminant	Any foreign component in a substance, for example in water.
segment	a water body or portion of a water body that is individually defined and classified
µm	Abbreviation for micrometre, a unit of length (1 µm = 1 thousandth of a millimetre)
obliquity	Tilt of the Earth's polar axis as measured from the perpendicular to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun
greywater	wastewater from clothes washing machines, showers, bathtubs, handwashing, lavatories and sinks that are not used for disposal of chemical or chemical-biological ingredients.
kinetic energy	Energy possessed by moving water.
secondary pollutant	Atmospheric pollutants that are created chemically in the atmosphere when primary pollutants and other components of the air react
solar constant	A term used to describe the average quantity of solar insolation received by a horizontal surface at the edge of the Earth's atmosphere
over-grazing	grazing livestock to the point of damage to the land.
trawls	nets with a wide mouth tapering to a small, pointed end, usually called the "cod end." Trawls are towed behind a vessel at any depth in the water column.
cellulose	A polysaccharide (carbohydrate) found in plants
88502	VIEWS parameter: Acceptable Pm2.5 Aqi & Speciation Mass; AQS Code: 88502; Type Code: PM2.5
half-life	The time it takes for a given mass of a radioactive element to use up half its activity.
clc	VIEWS parameter: Chlorine (Coarse); CAS Number: 7782-50-5; AQS Code: 83115; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
infiltration capacity	The ability of a soil to absorb surface water.
hash	See background noise.
pipe	A defect that arises during the solidification of steel in the ingot mould
sulfur	Symbol:"S" Atomic Number:"16" Atomic Mass: 32.06amu
dendritic web technique	A method for making sheets of polycrystalline silicon in which silicon dendrites are slowly withdrawn from a melt of silicon whereupon a web of silicon forms between the dendrites and solidifies as it rises from the melt and cools.
normality	A measure of substance equivalents that are dissolved in a volume of solution
rain	A form of precipitation
float life	Number of years that a battery can keep its stated capacity when it is kept at float charge (see float charge).
dose	Amount of radiation or energy absorbed (often measured in mrem).
surface water	water located above ground (e.g., rivers, lakes).
dendritic habit	A dendritic habit describes the shape of a large group of crystals that looks like the branching of veins or a plant.
cascade	A connected series of enrichment machines, material from one being passed to another for further enrichment.
radiography	A method of non-destructive testing
groundwater	water below the earth's surface; the source of water for wells and springs.
cao	VIEWS parameter: CaO; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
pro rata	In direct proportion
biomass	Organic substances that can be turned into energy producing fuel, such as trees, plants, other flora, and organic wastes.
hydrophilic	Something that is attracted to water
threshold dose	The minimum application of a given substance required to produce an observable effect.
noise radiator	A device creating noise.
wave period	The time elapsed for a wave to travel the distance of one wavelength.
stream discharge	A river or stream's rate of flow over a particular period of time
pno3	Particulate nitrate
messenger rna	RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis.
finish	The word finish is used to describe the exterior of the diamond
notched bar test	A test to determine the resistance of a material to a suddenly applied stress, i.e
custom smelter	In non-ferrous, a smelter which depends for its intake mostly on concentrate purchased from independent mines and on scrap metal, rather than its own captive mine sources
wetland	An area that is saturated by surface water or groundwater, with vegetation adapted for life under those soil conditions.
luminance	A measure of light power refected or emitted from an object within a solid angle of one steradian per unit area area projected in a given direction
electromotive force	The work or energy which causes the flow of an electric current
quorum	minimum number of people who must be present before a specified event can commence (for Congress to vote, at least half the members must be present).
granule	A bright convective cell or current of gas in the Sun’s photosphere.
haystack	A large standing wave caused by deceleration of current.
person-year	The sum of the number of years each person in a study population is at risk; a metric used to aggregate the total population at risk, assuming that 10 people at risk for one year is equivalent to 1 person at risk for 10 years.
bermuda high	High pressure system that develops over the western subtropical North Atlantic
latitude	The range of thickness of material that can be recorded on the radiograph within the useful reading range of film density
pollution prevention	techniques that eliminate waste prior to treatment, such as by changing ingredients in a chemical reaction.
craton	Stable foundation core of the Earth's various plates of continental crust
post-emulsification penetrant	A type of penetrant containing no emulsifier, but which is cleaned from a surface with water after applying an emulsifier as a separate step
just in time	A cost-conscious management approach to procurement which pares down to a minimum the delay between receipt of material and actual consumption of it.
fsa	Financial Services Authority
deranged drainage	Drainage pattern that is highly irregular
antioxidant	A substance which decrease the rate at which another substance is oxidised
hardness	Hardness is a measure of how easily you can scratch a substance
recovery	A term used in process metallurgy to indicate the proportion of valuable material obtained in the processing of an ore
solar energy	Energy from the sun
paramagnetic	A material with a slight attraction towards the region where the magnetic field is strongest is said to be paramagnetic ( As opposed to a diamagnetic material ).
electrode	A conductor that can lead an electric current into or out of a liquid, a gas or a vacuum
distillation	Water treatment method where water is boiled to steam and condensed in a separate reservoir
hbia	Hot Briquetted Iron Association
unwrought:	Not worked; see wrought metal.
birth rate	the number of babies born annually per 1,000 women of reproductive age in any given set of people.
fundamentals	Physical production, consumption and macroeconomic data are studied to establish market fundamentals
multifactorial diseases	Diseases that are attributable to multiple genetic and environmental factors.
biodiversity	The diversity of different species (species diversity), genetic variability among individuals within each species (genetic diversity), and variety of ecosystems (ecosystem diversity)
zeta potential	An electrokinetic measurement which can be used for the control of coagulation processes.
permeability	the ability of a water bearing material to transmit water
solubility	the amount of mass of a compound that will dissolve in a unit volume of solution.
primary energy	A form of energy that is directly supplied by natural processes (e.g., solar energy, wind energy).
migration	Movement of organisms in an intentional way between two points in space
layered haze	Haze that obscures a horizontal layer of a vista.
phase	Another way of referring to an allotropic form of an element such as iron or steel (or sulphur, or carbon etc.).
foil	The thinnest form of rolled metal, less than 0.15 mm thick, most commonly aluminium, but also other metals and steel
desorption	The opposite of adsorption; the release of matter from the adsorption medium, usually to recover material.
measured resource	A portion of a resource that is sufficiently sampled to allow estimation of economic parameters; greater confidence is attached to these than indicated resources due to denser sampling.
ntp	Normal temperature and pressure reference point; zero centigrade 760mm mercury pressure.
einsteinium	Symbol:"Es" Atomic Number:"99" Atomic Mass: (252)amu
accrued interest	The interest due on a bond since the last interest payment was made
solute	Matter dissolved in a liquid, such as water.
ammeter	An electric meter used to measure current, calibrated in amperes.
hafnium	Symbol:"Hf" Atomic Number:"72" Atomic Mass: 178.49amu
trenching	a means of exposing and sampling near-surface geology by digging a trench
marble	Metamorphic rock created by the recrystallization of calcite and/or dolomite.
nitrogen oxides	harmful gases (which contribute to acid rain and global warming) emitted as a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion.
semi-confined aquifer	an aquifer partially confined by soil layers of low permeability in which recharge and discharge can still occur.
polar nephelometer	An instrument that measures the amount of light scattered in a specific direction
long put	The position held by the holder of a put option
supercooled water	Cooling of water below 0° Celsius without freezing
whole-effluent toxicity	the aggregate toxic effect of an effluent measured directly by a toxicity test.
reflected wave	A water wave that reflects off the shore or another obstacle and is redirected towards the sea or lake.
time series studies	Time series studies examine the relationships between daily variations in levels of air pollutants and indices of ill-health.
thermal equator	Continuous area on the globe that has the highest surface temperatures because of the presence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
magnetizing force	See Magnetic field strength.
ocean	A body of saline water found occupying all or part of the Earth's ocean basins
electroplating	A process by which a metal is deposited from an anode or from metallic salts in an electrolyte bath to a metal substrate forming the cathode of the circuit
reheat furnace	A furnace used to reheat steel semis to a temperature suitable for hot rolling.
aqueous	Something made up of water.
black copper	A very impure (85-90%) first smelting of copper prior to fire refining.
residual heat	Heat which is produced after the reactions have been terminated
big crunch	Collapse of the Universe into its original form before the Big Bang
enrichment	When the addition of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from sewage effluent or agricultural runoff to surface water, greatly increases algal growth.
toll	Smelters or refiners treat material on toll when they do not take ownership of the concentrates or scrap, but only make the owner a charge for processing it.
phosphorus	An element that forms 0.12% of the earth’s crust, chiefly in the form of phosphates
median	Statistical measure of central tendency in a set of data
ringing method	A test method for bonded structures in which unbonds are indicated by increased amplitude of ringing signals.
grain size	Size of the crystals in metal when compared with a standard
water recycling	Using water again for the same or another process step, after a small form of purification is applied.
tetrahedron	Silicon atom joined by four oxygen atoms (SiO4)
isopleth	A line drawn on a map through all points having the same numerical value.
population density	Number of individuals of a particular species found in a specified area.
traction	Erosional movement of particles by rolling, sliding and shuffling along the eroded surface
basis point	A measure of tiny movements in futures and other volatile prices and yields equal to 0.01% of the going price.
sedimentary rock	Rocks formed from material derived generally by erosion of other rocks and laid down by a chemical or mechanical process i.e., limestone, shale and sandstone
system relationship	Is the association that exist between the elements and attributes of a system based on cause and effect.
protein	A molecule comprised of long chains of amino acid molecules
cyclotron	A machine to accelerate charged particles to high energies by the application of electromagnetic forces
carcinogen	Chemical substance or type of energy that can cause cancer in the human body.
cytoplasm	All of the protoplasm in a cell except for what is contained in the nucleus.
photon	A discrete unit of radiant energy.
entropy	Entropy is the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy and matter in a system.
pathogens	Disease-producing microrganisms.
enteric viruses	a category of viruses related to human excreta found in waterways.
equilibration times	The time it takes for electrons and ions to come into thermal equilibrium.
kingdom	Top most level of the common system used to classify life
iridium 192	A radioactive isotope of the element Iridium which has a half-life of 75 days
pedology	The scientific study of soils.
self-regulation	The ability of some systems to maintain a steady state equilibrium through positive and negative feedbacks.
ring	London Metal Exchange trading floor where Category I members of the exchange trade via open outcry (see pit and floor).
flex option	A non-standard option in which the buyer and seller can negotiate the exercise price and the expiry date.
actual yield	The quantity of a product found to be formed in a chemical reaction (distinguished from theoretical yield).
box chain	A box chain is a gold or silver chain made up of closed, square links tightly woven together to form a smooth, shiny chain
nonferrous	Describing a metal that is less than 50% iron, such as aluminum, copper, magnesium, and zinc and their alloys.
wrapped	Said of a raft pinned flat around a rock or other obstruction by the current.
nitrogen cycle	Model that describes the movement of nitrogen in its many forms between the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
clean air act	Originally passed in 1963, the current national air pollution control program is based on the 1970 version of the law
gauge plate	An alloy tool steel supplied in flat and square section with the surfaces ground to close limits
feed-through coil	See encircling probe.
valley train	A linear accumulation of glaciofluvial outwash sediments found in a once glaciated valley.
atmosphere	the 500 km thick layer of air surrounding the earth which supports the existence of all flora and fauna.
zone of saturation	Groundwater zone within the Earth's bedrock where all available pores spaces are filled by water
frontal precipitation	See convergence precipitation.
potassium	Symbol:"K" Atomic Number:"19" Atomic Mass: 39.10amu
atomic number	The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; used to define the position of an element in the periodic table; represented by the letter Z.
topographic profile	A two-dimensional diagram that describes the landscape in vertical cross-section.
jewellery cleaner	A solution that usually incorporates water and a mild detergent, although many often contain small amounts of ammonia.
amide linkage	A carboxylic acid containing an amino group (-NH2)
mineral deposit	A mineral deposit is a concentration (or occurrence) of material of possible economic interest in or on the Earths crust.
bear position	One where the trader has sold metal for forward delivery (i.e
gelifluction	Form of mass movement in periglacial environment where a permafrost layer exists
habitat	Place where a plant or animal naturally grows or lives.
nh4t	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Ion (Tsp); Description: Mass of ammonium particles from open inlet (no size cut); CAS Number: 14798-03-9; Type Code: TSP; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
suspended solids	the small solid particles in water that cause turbidity
tribal implementation plan	A collection of regulations used by the Indian tribes to carry out its responsibilities under the Clean Air Act.
radiation	The emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles.
coagulation	The process by which small particles collide with and adhere to one another to form larger particles.
certificate	A diamond grading report is not an appraisal and does not contain a monetary value
freecutting steels	Steels which have had additions made to improve
dodecahedral crystal	A crystal that has twelve sides
uncertainty principle	A principle of quantum mechanics developed by Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s which asserts that it is not possible to determine the position and momentum of a particle at the same instant
open interest	The cumulative number of contracts which have not been closed out or expired and therefore remain outstanding
stress	withstand for an indefinite number of cycles without
amorphous steel	A non-crystalline or 'metallic glass' form of steel produced by very rapid cooling of molten steel
indicator tests	Tests for a specific contaminant, group of contaminants, or constituent which signals the presence of something else.
deseaming	A process of burning out defective areas on the surface of ingots, blooms or billets
boiling point	The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the pressure of its surface
hydrophobic	Lacking affinity for water, or failing to adsorb or absorb water.
watershed approach	a coordinated framework for environmental management that focuses public and private efforts on the highest priority problems within hydrologically defined geographic areas.
detergents	These are organic chemicals designed to clean surfaces or objects
occluded front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where an advancing cold air mass sandwiches a warm air mass between another cold air mass pushing the warm air into the upper atmosphere.
oxidation	Oxidation is a chemical process in which oxygen atoms bond to atoms of a material (like a metal) and electrons are transferred from the oxided material to the reduced material
silver tone	Silver-plated or coated, not sterling silver.
designated employee	An employee (or person) who is designated by the employer to perform specific duties under the terms of this section and who is knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved.
national priorities list	EPA's list of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites identified for possible long-term remedial action under Superfund
winston concentrator	A trough-type parabolic collector with one-axis tracking, developed by Roland Winston.
ecosystem	an interconnected and symbiotic grouping of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms.
heliopause	The boundary of the heliosphere, where the solar wind merges into the interstellar gas.
exposed individuals	The International Commission on Radiological Protection distinguishes between three categories of exposed individuals: workers (informed individuals), the public (general individuals), and patients, including their comforters and caregivers.
nuclide	elemental matter made up of atoms with identical nuclei, therefore with the same atomic number and the same mass number (equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons).
tertiary	Geologic period that occurred roughly 1.6 to 65 million years ago
deflation port	The opening at the crown of the balloon envelope, kept closed during flight by the parachute valve. See diagram.
gymnosperm	Plant that bears naked seeds
transmitter	The transducer that emits ultrasonic energy
mudflow	Form of mass movement where fine textured sediments and soil mix with water to create a liquid flow.
sg iron	An abbreviation for Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron
pinch pass	A term applied when, after annealing, sheet or strip is lightly rolled with the object of preventing stretcher lines or kinks on subsequent cold working.
methane	Colorless, odorless, non-poisonous, flammable gas
nuclear fission	Process of dividing or splitting the nucleus of an atom.
primary wastewater treatment	The removal of suspended, floating and precipitated solids from untreated wastewater.
state implementation plan	A detailed description of the programs a state will use to carry out its responsibilities under the Clean Air Act
hydrothermal	Of or pertaining to hot water, to the action of hot water, or to the products of this action, such as a mineral deposit precipitated from a hot aqueous solution, with or without demonstrable association with igneous processes; also, said of the solution itself.
laser	An acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
faceting	Faceting is the cutting and polishing of the surface of a stone.
disseminated	fine grained material scattered quite evenly throughout the rock
r-11 cfc	Liquid at temperatures below 23.7 degrees F
deforestation	Removal of trees from a habitat dominated by forest.
sine wave inverter	An inverter that produces utility-quality, sine wave power forms.
soluble	Soluble is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance
development	(1) a developed tract of land (with houses or structures); (2) the act, process or result of developing.
aufbau	A scheme for accounting for the electron configurations of elements in which the electron configuration of one element is determined by adding one electron to the electron configuration of the previous element in the periodic table.
inco terms	A suite of legally-precise terms covering the international shipment of material, e.g
ocean basin	Part of the Earth's outer surface that is comprised of the ocean floor, mid-oceanic ridges, continental rise, and continental slope
pulp	raw material made from trees used in producing paper products.
polarisation of light	The electromagnetic waves which form a beam of light normally vibrate in all possible side-to-side directions
source-film distance	The distance between the focal spot of an x-ray tube or radiation source and the film; generally expressed in inches.
ghost	An indication arising from certain combinations of pulse repetition frequency and time base frequency
backwashing	Reversing the flow of water back through the filter media to remove entrapped solids.
resin	Plastic.
assignment	On the LME, a notification from the clearing house that an option grantor must fulfil the terms of an option.
ecos	Environmental Council of the States
outwash	Glaciofluvial sediments deposited by meltwater streams at the edge of a glacier.
carbonation	Is a form of chemical weathering where carbonate and bicarbonate ions react with minerals that contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium.
meitnerium	Symbol:"Mt" Atomic Number:"109" Atomic Mass: (266)amu
nickel silver	A copper-based alloy with zinc and nickel, used for example in cutlery.
charge neutralization	A process of removing static electric charges
metric system	The system of measurement used in almost all of science
adjusted headline earnings	Headline earnings (loss) excluding unrealised non-hedge derivatives, fair value adjustments on the option component of the convertible bond, fair value gain (loss) on interest rate swap, adjustments to other commodity contracts and deferred tax thereon.
creep	The form of plastic deformation that takes place in steel held for long periods at high temperature
exurbia	(1) the area of suburbs; (2) the region outside a city and its suburbs where wealthier families live.
endogenic	Refers to a system that is internal to the Earth.
grs	GRS is Germany's central scientific-technical expert organization for all issues related to nuclear safety and nuclear waste management.
tap-to-tap time	A measure of productivity in an electric arc furnace (EAF)
confined aquifer	Aquifer between two layers of relatively impermeable earth materials, such as clay or shale.
progressive succession	Succession where the developing plant community becomes complex and contains more species and biomass over time.
joint	The mating feature between two materials of similar or adjacent systems (also known as joinery).
tombolo	A coastal feature that forms when a belt sand and/or gravel is deposited between an island and the mainland
eastern zone	For rate design purposes, the Eastern Zone encompasses the geographic area from North Bay to Montreal, including Toronto and southern Ontario
matching system	The system operated by the Clearing House for the matching and confirmation of futures exchange contracts between clearing members.
colorimetric analysis	Chemical analysis based on the colors of dyes formed by the reaction of the analysis with reagents.
detention time	The actual time that a small amount of water is in a settling basin or flocculating basin
scattering coefficient	measure of the ability of particles to scatter light; measured in number proportional to the "amount" of light scattered per unit distance.
shape	Diamonds are natural crystals that come in large variety of shapes such as round, princess, heart, oval, marquise etc
parrafin	See alkanes.
froude number	a dimensionless number comparing inertial and gravitational forces
physical security	Measures to reasonably ensure that source or special nuclear material will only be used for authorized purposes and to prevent theft or sabotage.
biochemical oxygen demand	The amount of oxygen (measured in mg/L) that is required for the decomposition of organic matter by single-cell organisms, under test conditions
specific acoustic impedance	See acoustic impedance.
atom	The smallest particle of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element.
nondegradation	an environmental policy that does not allow any lowering of naturally occurring water quality regardless of pre-established health standards.
midwest rpo	One of the five RPOs
detachment	One of three distinct processes involved in erosion
pop's	Persistent Organic Pollutants, complex compounds that are very persistent and difficultly biologically degradable.
jetter	one (as a geyser) that sends out a jet.
inclusions	Usually non-metallic particles contained in
bog	a type of wetland that accumulates appreciable peat deposits
fiscal year	a financial term referring to any twelve-month period, usually to set a budget
connector insert	For connectors with metal shells, the insert holds contacts in proper arrangement while electrically insulating them from each other and from the shell.
condensate	A condensate is an example of moisture that has condensed
2018 base case	Refers to a WRAP emissions or modeling scenario based on 2018 emissions inventories estimated by applying rules on the books in late 2004, generated in early 2006
wood liquefaction	The production of liquids (e.g
triassic	Geologic period that occurred roughly 208 to 245 million years ago
cmdfileid	Command File ID: The identifier for the physical configuration file that contains the SQL command to use.
saturation temperature	The boiling point of a liquid, or the temperature at which the liquid vapor pressure is equal to the total local pressure
cef	VIEWS parameter: Cerium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-45-1; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
over-development	expansion or development of land to the point of damage.
icrp	International Commission on Radiological Protection: The international body charged with providing an overview of radiation standards and regulations and information to help standardize these regulations.
x-ray	Penetrating electromagnetic radiation having a range of wavelengths (energies) that are similar to those of gamma photons
atom	The smallest indivisible particle of an element that can exist.
α=β ratio	A measure of the curvature of the cell survival curve and a measure of the sensitivity of a tissue or tumor to dose fractionation
hurricane	An intense cyclonic storm consisting of an organized mass of thunderstorms that develops over the warm oceans of the tropics
r-22 hcfc	Colorless, volatile liquid with a slight ethererial and faint sweetish odor
martempering	A heat treatment involving austenitisation
total solids	All the solids in wastewater or sewage water, including suspended solids and filterable solids.
northing	Second measurement of a grid reference used to specific the location of a point on a rectangular coordinate system
oaqps	Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (of USEPA)
condensate	Water obtained by condensation of water vapour.
absorption	When a solid takes up molecules into its structure.
lemniscate pendant	A lemniscate pendant, which looks like the number 8 resting on its side
bajada	Consecutive series of alluvial fans forming along the edge of a linear mountain range
nephrite	Nephrite is a semi-precious stone, a variety of jade (sometimes called greenstone)
lookback options	A history-dependent option where the income is reliant not only on whether the option is in-the-money at expiry, but also on the maximum or minimum price achieved by the underlying during at least some part of the option life.
stage	The elevation of the water surface in a stream channel.
uts:	Ultimate tensile strength; the principal measure of the strength of a metal.
greenhouse	a building made with translucent (light transparent, usually glass or fiberglass) walls conducive to plant growth.
shaft	Vertical or inclined passage in mining for access and ventilation.
barrage	any artificial obstruction placed in water to increase water level or divert it
mermaid	a fabled marine creature usually represented as having the head, trunk, and arms of a woman and a lower part like the tail of a fish.
acceptable daily intake	An estimate of the daily exposure dose that is likely to be without deleterious effect, even if continued exposure occurs over a lifetime.
oxides of nitrogen	nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), collectively known as NOx.
batholith	A large mass of subsurface intrusive igneous rock that has its origins from mantle magma.
host computer	The SUN computer (also called work station) connected to the Varian NMR console
direct strip casting	Casting steel strip very close to final dimensions to minimise the need for subsequent hot rolling to size (from conventional slab).
sbf	VIEWS parameter: Antimony (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-36-0; AQS Code: 84102; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
attenuation	Attenuation is the process by which the number of particles or photons entering a body of matter is reduced by absorption and scattering.
capillary action	The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the external forces like gravity
ph	pH is a measure of acidity
leaded steels	When added to steel, lead does not go into
"the position"	In an oar boat, assuming "the position" means the guide braces the oar handle high and forward at arm's length to plunge the blades down as deep as possible
through talik	Is a form of localized unfrozen ground (talik) in an area of permafrost
development	The preparation of a mining property or area so that an orebody can be analyzed and its tonnage and quality estimates have been made; ore essentially ready for mining.
quotation	(i) The price at which the seller or buyer is willing to trade
backroller	A broad reversal such as that formed below a dam or ledge.
toxicity test	the means to determine the toxicity of a chemical or an effluent using living organisms
water filters	substances (such as charcoal) or fine membrane structures used to remove impurities from water.
hoopi	Half-inch diameter tubular nylon webbing put to a thousand and one uses in rafting
chelation	Chemical weathering process that involves the extraction or metallic cations from rocks and minerals by chelates.
licensed material	Source material, special nuclear material or byproduct material received, possessed, used or transferred under a general or special license issued by the Atomic Energy Commission.
connate growth	water trapped in the pore spaces of a sedimentary rock at the time it was deposited
candle filter	A relatively coarse aperture filter, designed to retain a coat of filter medium on an extended surface.
bar-in-coil	For convenience, light steel bars (up to 10 mm or a little heavier) whether round, square or hexagonal, are typically transported in coiled form, rather than in straight lengths.
aldehyde	An organic compound containing the functional group -CHO.
chemical vapor deposition	A method of depositing thin semiconductor films
sections	Extruded or rolled long products of relatively complex cross-section
pyramid of biomass	Graphic model describing the distribution of biomass in an ecosystem or community at the trophic level
itc	International Tariff Commission US body which sets tariffs, including anti-dumping duties.
benign	Usually refers to nonmalignant tumors.
ozonosphere	Another name for the ozone layer.
headgate	the gate that controls water flow into irrigation canals and ditches
tailings pond	An excavated or diked area that is intended to contain liquid and solid wastes from mining and milling operations.
principles of protection	A set of principles that apply equally to all controllable exposure situations: the principle of justification, the principle of optimization of protection, and the principle of application of limits on maximum doses in planned situations.
flood	Inundation of a land surface that is not normally submerged by water from quick change in the level of a water body like a lake, stream, or ocean.
holes	Any void remaining in a specimen as a result of improper manufacturing processing
mulch	leaves, straw or compost used to cover growing plants to protect them from the wind or cold.
discharge	the volume of water that passes a given point within a given period of time
photochemical reaction	A chemical reaction can be enhanced when induced by light, just as some are speeded up by catalysts
lichen	Organism that consists of a symbiotic joining of a species of fungi and a species of algae.
anode	A site in electrolysis where metal goes into solution as a cation leaving behind an equivalent of electrons to be transferred to an opposite electrode, called a cathode.
range	The maximum ultrasonic path length that is displayed
stagnation point	(Fl
cross section	a measure of the probability of an interaction between a particle and a target nucleus, expressed in barns (1 barn = 10-24 cm2).
coastal pelagic	fish that live in the open ocean at or near the water's surface but remain relatively close to the coast
phosphorous	A chemical element, atomic number 15, used as a dopant in making n-semiconductor layers.
pcr	Polymerase Chain Reaction, a method used to amplify the amount of DNA from a given region of a gene or chromosome to rapidly produce a highly specific amplification of the desired sequence
putrefaction	Biological decomposition of organic matter; associated with anaerobic conditions.
carbonate	A mineral compound characterized by a fundamental anionic structure.
pancaking	In a threesome raft, when the howboat flips back onto the middle boat.
flow	The discharge rate of a resource, expressed in volume during a certain period of time.
ec2f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Elemental Fraction 2 (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88330; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
carcanet	Patterns of enamelled and/or gem-set gold chains suspended from the neck and extending to the waist
nox	Oxides of nitrogen (NO + NO2)
frm_mass	VIEWS parameter: FRM Mass; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
bacteria	Microscopically small single-cell organisms, that reproduce by fission of spores.
saturated zone	the area below the water table where all open spaces are filled with water under pressure equal to or greater than that of the atmosphere.
alum	An alum is a double salt comprising a sulphate salt of a monovalent element, with the sulphate salt of a trivalent element
cr	Cold rolled
nimonic	A group of nickel-based alloys used in jet engines.
chaparral	A type of plant community common to areas of the world that have a Mediterranean climate (for example, California and Italy)
stable	Incapable of spontaneous radioactive decay.
elevated temperature drawing	A process of drawing steel bars at elevated temperatures (normally 250-300oC) which under optimum conditions produce steels that have higher tensile and yield strengths than those cold drawn with the same degree of reduction
transverse test	A test taken at right angles to the principal
entrain	to trap bubbles in water either mechanically through turbulence or chemically through a reaction.
firn	Névé on a glacier that survives the year's ablation season
basaltic magma	Mafic magma that forms basaltic igneous rocks.
forests	lands on which trees are the principal plant life, usually conducive to wide biodiversity.
primary particles	Primary particles are suspended in the atmosphere as particles from the time of emission, e
ribosomes	half are on the Endoplasmic Reticulum, the other half are 'free' in the cytosol, this is where the RNA goes for translation into proteins.
effective dose equivalent	The sum over specified tissues of the products of the dose equivalent in a tissue and the weighting factor for that tissue.
sputtering	A physical vapor deposition process where high-energy ions are used to bombard elemental sources of semiconductor material, which eject vapors of atoms that are then deposited in thin layers on a substrate.
canadian shield	Very old igneous and metamorphic shield rock that covers much of northern Canada
seaward	Positioned or located away from land but towards an ocean or sea.
sensitivity	A measure of the ability to detect small signals
till plain	Extensive flat plain of till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of the glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried.
exploration drilling	Drilling done in search of new mineral deposits, on extensions of known ore deposits, or at the location of a discovery up to the time when the company decides that sufficient ore reserves are present to justify commercial exploitat
impurities	Particles or other objects that cause water to be unclear.
threshold dose	The minimum dose that will produce a detectable degree of any given effect.
working level	A unit of air concentration of potential alpha energy released from radon and its daughters
peroxisomes	Use oxygen to carry out catabolic reactions, in both plant and animals.
pump station	mechanical device installed in sewer or water system or other liquidcarrying pipelines to move the liquids to a higher level.
helical twist	A spiral twist of constant form and usually of constant radius
centripetal force	Force required to keep an object moving in a circular pattern around a center of rotation
oligotrophic lakes	Deep clear lakes with few nutrients, little organic matter and a high dissolved-oxygen level.
elutriation	Freeing sludge of its mother liquor by washing it with water.
edwards outcrop	where the Edwards and associated limestone formations are found at the surface
aquatic	growing in, living in, or frequenting water.
exposure film	Radiation intensity multiplied by time.
bow-in	With bow pointed forward.
connector shell	The case that encloses the connector insert and contact assembly
integrating nephelometer	An instrument that measures the amount of light scattered (scattering coefficient).
crater	Circular depression in the ground surface created by volcanic activity or asteroid impact.
crest	the top of a dam, dike, or spillway, which water must reach before passing over the structure; the summit or highest point of a wave; the highest elevation reached by flood waters flowing in a channel.
unclassified waters	those waters for which no classification has been assigned and which have not been identified in Appendix A of 31 Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 307.10 of Title 31 (relating to definitions).
briquette	Sometimes used to refer to a stabilised form of direct reduced iron (DRI) which can be conveniently transported
neutral solution	Any water solution that is neutral (pH approximately 7) or has an equal quantity of hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-)
escalator	See Basis
astrophysics	because observing their mutual orbits allows their mass to be determined
sea-level pressure	Average atmospheric pressure at sea-level
probability	Statistical chance that an event will occur.
d/t ratio	The working distance for the X-ray tube in relation to the film distance
steady state equilibrium	In this type of equilibrium the average condition of the system remains unchanged over time.
phosphorus	Symbol:"P" Atomic Number:"15" Atomic Mass: 30.97amu
polar easterlies	Winds that originate at the polar highs and blow to the subpolar lows in a east to west direction.
hydrophilic interactions	Interactions between molecules where nonpolar portions of the molecule are attracted to any interaction with polar water molecules
wide format	A report format in which parameter concentrations are displayed as multiple columns across the page
amalgam	A combination of mercury with another metal without the application of heat.
transverse	Literally “across,” usually signifying a direction or plane perpendicular to the axis of a part.
aqueous solubility	The maximum concentration of a chemical that dissolves in a given amount of water.
epns	Abbreviation for Electro Plated Nickel Silver
blind spots	Any place on a filter medium where fluids cannot flow through.
alloy steel	Steel containing one or more alloying element
arsenic	The knowledge of arsenic dates back to ancient Greece, but it wasnt until the Middle Ages that its poisonous characteristics were described
tender	(i) Delivery of the physical commodity against a futures contract
blackplate	Cold rolled, light-gauge steel commonly used as the base (substrate) for tinplate and other tin mill products.
reserve capacity	The amount of generating capacity a central power system must maintain to meet peak loads.
nimonic	Class of nickel-base cast alloy resistant to stress and to oxidation at high temperatures
warm desert	Desert found in the subtropics or interiors of continents at the middle latitudes where precipitation is low and surface air temperatures are high.
mineral crystal	Mineral crystals form through a naturally occurring combination of chemicals, heat and/or pressure
solar system	The collection of celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun.
elastic rebound theory	Theory that describes how earthquakes arise from the horizontal movement of adjacent tectonic plates along a linear strike-slip fault
manganese	One of the most important constituents of steel
denitrification	Removal of nitrate and nitrate product from water to produce a quality that answeres common water standards.
human exposure evaluation	Describes the nature and size of the population exposed to a substance and the magnitude and duration of their exposure
equivalent	The equivalent is the mass of a compound that could replace the atomic mass of an element
european style option	An option that can only be exercised by the holder at its expiry date.
interference	Form of competition where an individual directly prevents the physical establishment of another individual in a portion of a habitat.
polar jet stream	Relatively fast uniform winds concentrated within the upper atmosphere in a narrow band
gamma rays	During radioactive disintegration of a nucleus, gamma rays may be emitted
duplicates	Two separate samples with separate containers taken at the same time and at the same place.
combined collector	A photovoltaic device or module that provides useful heat energy in addition to electricity.
tempering	A heat treatment applied to ferrous products after hardening
ppb	Parts per billion (1 in 10^9).
plate tectonics	refers to the folding and faulting of rock and flow of molten lava involving lithospheric plates in the earth's crust and upper mantle.
negative ion sources	Sources of negative deuterium ions used in Neutral beam Injection
bond	A chemical link between two atoms
amorphous	Having no regular crystalline structure.
collector well	a well located near a surface water supply used to lower the water table and thereby induce infiltration of surface water through the bed of the water body to the well.
hdg	Hot Dip Galvanized (see galvanizing)
quarto plate	Plate produced on a reversing mill.
nitriding	A process of case-hardening steels of appropriate composition with nitrogen to give superior results to case hardening with heat alone.
cotiere	Elaborate long chain with pendant worn in France in the sixteenth century.
mixture	Various elements, compounds or both, that are mixed.
th	Total Hardness
refraction	Process where insolation is redirect to a new direction of travel after entering another medium.
ruling section	More accurately termed limiting ruling section
particulates	Fine liquid or solid particles such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes, or smog, found in the air or emissions.
bedrock	Rock at or near (beneath soil and regolith) the Earth's surface that is solid and relatively unweathered.
inter-office	Deals concluded between LME members as official LME business at any time outside Ring trading hours.
light year	or more than 63,000 AU.
cryptosporidium	A microorganism in water that causes gastrointestinal illness in humans
transaction price hedge	A hedge designed to protect an open physical position against an adverse price movement while the postion is open
shear	A type of force that causes or tends to cause two regions of the same part or assembly to slide relative to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact
trickle irrigation	method in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes or emitters.
lc fecr	Low carbon ferrochrome, 0.3-0.6% C
construction permit	Permission granted by law to build something.
meter	One meter = 3.28 feet.
radiation protection guide	The total amounts of ionizing radiation dose over certain periods of time which may safely be permitted to exposed industrial groups
impairment	The degree to which a scenic view or distance of clear visibility is degraded by man-made pollutants.
limestone	rock that consists mainly of calcium carbonate and is chiefly formed by accumulation of organic remains.
demineralisation	Processes to remove minerals from water, usually the term is restricted to ion exchange processes.
cycle life	Number of discharge-charge cycles that a battery can tolerate under specified conditions before it fails to meet specified criteria as to performance (e.g., capacity decreases to 80-percent of the nominal capacity).
fission and fusion	Fission is the splitting of atomic nuclei and fusion is the combination of two atomic nuclei
load	The amount of electric power delivered or required at any specified point or points on a system
standardized	For a lockout or tagout device to be standardized they must all be similar in at least one of the following ways: color, shape, size
usepa	United States Environmental Protection Agency.
cable assembly	A cable with plugs or connectors on each end.
slurry	A mixture of crushed and finely ground solids with water.
activation analysis	Form of scientific investigation where the chemical makeup of different materials is figured out by bombarding them with neutrons or other types of radiation
synapse	A new system for managing settlement being introduced on the LME.
budget	See light extinction budget.
select	The LME's electronic trading platform.
palsa	A mound of peat that develops as the result of the formation of a number ice lenses beneath the ground surface
bystander effects	A response in unirradiated cells that is triggered by signals received from irradiated neighboring cells.
introducing broker	Sometimes called a half-commission man; an individual who introduces a client to a clearing member of the LME and usually initiates his trades
lag time	the time from the center of a unit storm to the peak discharge or center of volume of the corresponding unit hydrograph.
cretaceous	Geologic period that occurred roughly 65 to 144 million years ago
experimental crude oil	Crude oil produced from pilot projects designed to investigate new recovery techniques.
inhibitor	An inhibitor is a compound that slows down the process of a reaction
agglomeration	A process of bringing smaller particles together to form a larger mass.
phase shift	A change in the periodicity of a wave-form such as light.
averted dose	The dose prevented or avoided by the application of a protective measure or set of protective measures, i.e., the difference between the projected dose if the protective measure(s) had not been applied and the expected residual dose.
seismic event	A sudden inelastic deformation within a given volume of rock that radiates detectable seismic energy.
balanced steel	Steels in which the deoxidisation is controlled to produce an intermediate structure between rimmed and killed steel
aerobic treatment	process by which microbes decompose complex organic compounds in the presence of oxygen and use the liberated energy for reproduction and growth
nipple	A pipe coupling consisting of a short piece of threaded tubing.
back pivot	Turning the raft from a ferry angle to a stem-downstream position
sf	VIEWS parameter: Sulfur (Fine); CAS Number: 7704-34-9; AQS Code: 88169; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
oxisol	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
operating time	The sum of pulse lengths achieved within a certain calendar time at normal and abnormal operation.
environmental gradient	Spatial gradient where abiotic and biotic factors vary.
gas chromatograph	an instrument that identifies the molecular composition and concentrations of various chemicals in water and soil samples.
density	light we receive from celestial objects is refracted, which makes us see such objects higher in the sky than they really are
standard mortality ratio	The ratio of the disease or mortality rate in a certain specific population compared to that in a standard population.
precipitate	a solid which has come out of an aqueous solution
ancient forest	a forest that is typically older than 200 years with large trees, dense canopies and an abundance of diverse wildlife.
carbon dating	Method used to discover the age of old objects by determining the amount of radioactive carbon-14 present.
lining	The use of ropes to work a boatdown through a rapid from shore.
sga	Southern Governors Association.
desert pavement	A veneer of coarse particles left on the ground after the erosion of finer particles by wind.
reclamation	Restoration to a useful condition.
municipal sewage	Liquid wastes, originating from a community
ice fall	An area of crevassed ice on a glacier
native species	Species that normally exists and reproduces in a specific region of the Earth
ahss	Advanced high strength steel
88335	VIEWS parameter: Pk4_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Description: Pk4_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
calcium	In the form of calcium silicide acts as a deoxidizer
plastics	durable and flexible synthetic-based products, some of which are difficult to recycle and pose problems with toxic properties, especially PVC plastic.
safe yield	the annual amount of water that can be taken from a source of supply over a period of years without depleting that source beyond its ability to be replenished naturally in "wet years."
conventional fuels	This phrase usually refers to the more common fossil fuels: coal, petroleum and natural gas.
unwrought	See wrought metal.
estuary	Region of interaction between rivers and near-shore ocean waters, where tidal action and river flow mix fresh and salt water
charcoal iron	Iron smelted with charcoal rather than coke where the former is available and the latter is not economic
managed growth	growth or expansion that is controlled so as not to be harmful.
electric vehicles	vehicles which use electricity (usually derived from batteries recharged from electrical outlets) as their power source.
octg	Oil Country Tubular Goods
hot cells	Lead-shielded boxes with protected view plates and remote manipulators used for working with radioactive materials
photochemical	Any chemical reaction which is initiated by light
crc	VIEWS parameter: Chromium (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-47-3; AQS Code: 83112; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
peptidoglycan	This is the main component of prokaryotic cell walls, it is made from a large protein polymer and sugar.
pre-heating	Used in the hardening process
turbidity	A condition that reduces atmospheric transparency to radiation, especially light
intaglio	Intaglio is a method of decoration in which a design is cut into the surface
concentrator	A Photovoltaic module that uses optical elements to increase the amount of sunlight incident on a Photovoltaic cell.
viscosity	The amount of the resistance to flow in a fluid due to intermolecular friction.
grounded conductor	A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded, usually gray or white in color.
spent fuel	Nuclear fuel elements removed from a nuclear reactor after they have been used to produce power
metasomatic metamorphism	Form of metamorphism that causes the chemical replacement of elements in rock minerals when gases and liquids permeate into bedrock.
compressional wave	A wave in which the particle motion in the material is parallel to the wave propagation direction
vega	Denotes changes in the value of an option as influenced by volatility in the relevant market.
morbidity	A departure from a state of physical or mental well-being, resulting from disease or injury
forebay	the water behind a dam.
subsurface discontinuity	Any discontinuity which does not open onto the surface of the part in which it exists
coniferous vegetation	Cone-bearing vegetation of middle and high latitudes that are mostly evergreen and that have needle-shaped or scale like leaves
active site	The location where catalysis occurs in an enzyme or other catalyst.
samarium 145	A radioisotope of the element samarium.
eddy cushion	The layer of slack or billowing water that pads the upstream face of rocks and other obstructions
pm10	Mass per cubic metre of particles passing through the inlet of a size selective sampler with a transmission efficiency of 50% at an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometres.
isostatic rebound	The upward movement of the Earth's crust following isostatic depression.
safety factor	1) (Elec.) The amount of load, above the normal operating rating, that a device can handle without failure
transfer capability	The overall capacity of interprovincial or international power lines, together with the associated electrical system facilities, to transfer power and energy from one electrical system to another.
arbitration	A formal dispute resolution mechanism, usually provided by a body such as a Chamber of Commerce or the LME
wrap around	the display of misleading ultrasonic reflections from a previously transmitted pulse due to the use of excessive pulse repetition frequency
biogeochemical cycling	Cycling of a single element, compound or chemicals by various abiotic and biotic processes through the various stores found in the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
recrystallization	(1) The change from one crystal structure to another, such as occurs on heating or cooling through a critical temperature
backfilling	The process of refilling an excavation, a mine opening, or the space around a foundation.
leeward	Downwind side of an elevated area like a mountain
budget	a formal projection of spending and income for an upcoming period of time, traditionally submitted by the President or Executive for consideration and approval.
patenting	A process established under the U.S
ore	Rock, generally containing metallic or non-metallic minerals that can be mined and processed at a profit
ntu	nephlometric turbidity units.
downstream activities	General term for processing steps following initial steelmaking, especially re-rolling and coating, cutting to size and joining or fabricating, which add value to downstream products
ultra-violet oxidation	A process using extremely short wave-length light that can kill micro-organisms (disinfection) or cleave organic molecules (photo oxidation) rendering them polarized or ionized and thus more easily removed from the water.
bolson	Is a closed desert basin with no drainage outlet, surrounded by mountains.
opf	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Pyrolized (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88328; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
genomics	The study of an organism's entire genome
chlorophyll	Green pigment found in plants and some bacteria used to capture the energy in light through photosynthesis.
sip	mandate for achieving health-based air quality standards.
baseline rates	The annual disease incidence observed in a population in the absence of exposure to the agent under study.
corrosion fatigue	Fatigue that arises when alternating or repeated stress combines with corrosion
distance-amplitude response curve	A curve showing the relationship between signal amplitude and equal-sized reflecting surfaces at various distances from the transducer
watershed	a region or area over which water flows into a particular lake, reservoir, stream, or river.
color	Color is a measure of reflected wavelengths of light
gcr	Gas-cooled Reactor
backshore	Area behind the shore
azo dye	An azo dye is one of an extensive range of synthetic organic dye made from aniline, by first converting it with sodium nitrite to a diazonium chloride salt which is then reacted with other aromatic amines, phenols and sulphonic acids
true south	Direction of the South Pole from an observer on the Earth.
cell junction	The area of immediate contact between two layers (positive and negative) of a photovoltaic cell
high tide	High tide is the time of high water
line-commutated inverter	An inverter that is tied to a power grid or line
predation	Biological interaction between species where a predator species consumes a prey species.
rod	Usually a round long product, but may also be square or otherwise polygonal
permian	Last geologic period in the Paleozoic era
ingot mould	The receptacle into which molten steel is poured to form an ingot
high speed steel	The term `high speed steel' was derived from the fact
beams-type centrifuge	A centrifuge design based on an unclassified 1940s or 1950s design by Jessie Beams, a well-known and widely published professor at the University of Virginia
a/f	Across the flats
ozone depletion	the reduction of the protective layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere by chemical pollution.
brine	highly salty and heavily mineralized water containing heavy metal and organic contaminants.
rainsplash	Soil erosion caused from the impact of raindrops.
fog	Fog exists if the atmospheric visibility near the Earth's surface is reduced to 1 kilometer or less
induction furnace	A AC melting furnace which utilizes the heat of electrical induction.
shorty pontoon	A 22- to 25-foot pontoon
antireflection coating	A thin coating of a material, which reduces the light reflection and increases light transmission, applied to a photovoltaic cell surface.
array	Photovoltaic array that follows the path of the sun to maximize the solar radiation incident on the Photovoltaic surface
detrital rock	Sedimentary rock that is composed of particles transported to their place of deposition by erosional processes
stope	An area in an underground mine where ore is mined.
oc	Organic carbon.
inter-market	Dealings in a metal between LME brokers, over the telephone or on screen, which take place before the morning session, in the period between the close of the morning kerb and the first afternoon Ring, or after the afternoon kerb.
acid rain	Rain that has a flamboyantly low pH, due to contact with atmospheric pollutants such as sulphuric oxides.
solar altitude	Height of the Sun above the horizon from either True North or True South.
re	Chemical symbol for Rhenium.
roll-forming	A continuous bending operation in which a coil or strip of sheet metal is passed through sets of rolls mounted on consecutive stands
hydration	A form of chemical weathering that involves the rigid attachment of H+ and OH- ions to the atoms and molecules of a mineral.
hydrograph	A chart that measures the amount of water flowing past a point as a function of time.
bayonet coupling	A quick coupling device for plug and receptacle connectors, accomplished by rotation of a cam operating device designed to bring the connector halves together.
revolution	See Earth revolution.
equator	Location on the Earth that has a latitude of 0°.
aggressive water	water which is soft and acidic and can corrode plumbing, piping, and appliances.
wet deposition	delivery of air pollutants in the aqueous phase to surfaces (via rain, snow, clouds, or fog).
residual chlorine	the available chlorine which remains in solution after the demand has been satisfied
anthropogenic	Produced by human activities.
sur wagon depart	French for fot.
cryptosporidium	a protozoan (single-celled organism) that can infect humans, usually as a result of exposure to contaminated drinking water.
loop	A single turn of wire or cable used to carry electric current
ngm	Nested Grid Model, a regional atmospheric model.
wilting point	The point at which the rate of water leaving a plant's leaves is greater than the water uptake by the roots
background radiation	Naturally occurring ionizing radiation from the sun and other sources.
sleet	precipitation which is a mixture of rain and ice.
ring of fire	See Circum-Pacific Belt.
sensitivity analysis	This aims to quantify how the results from a model depend upon the different variables included in it.
wildcatter	An operator who drills the first well in unproven territory.
landward	Positioned or located away from a water body but towards the land.
volatility:	The propensity of a market or price to fluctuate widely and/or suddenly
height of burst	The height above the earth's surface at which a bomb is detonated in the air
turnings	Scrap from machining in a lathe
cirrus clouds	High altitude cloud composed of ice crystals
lee	Side of a slope that is opposite to the direction of flow of ice, wind, or water
continental plate	A rigid, independent segment of the lithosphere composed of mainly granite that floats on the viscous plastic asthenosphere and moves over the surface of the Earth
at	VIEWS parameter: Air Temperature; Type Code: TMP; Units: DEGREES, CENTIGRADE
total production cost	Total production costs comprise total cash production cost plus depreciation, depletion and reclamation provisions.
bscat	Scattering coefficient
bora	Term used to describe a katabatic wind in Yugoslavia.
safety system	Procedure and equipment designed to keep accidents from happening or to provide corrective action.
declaration	The act of an option buyer informing an option grantor that he is taking up his right to buy (or sell) metal under the option contract.
matrix	The principal phase of a metal in which another constituent is embedded
flakes	Short discontinuous internal fissures in ferrous metals attributed to stresses produced by localized transformation and decreased solubility of hydrogen during cooling after hot working
modulus of elasticity	When a material is subjected to an external load it becomes distorted or strained
shotcrete	A mixture made of course aggregate, applied by pneumatic pressure through a specially adapted hose and used as a fireproofing agent and as a sealing agent to prevent weathering of mine timbers and roadways.
microhabitat	zones of similar physical characteristics within a mesohabitat unit, differentiated by aspects such as substrate type, water velocity, and water depth.
88357	VIEWS parameter: EC CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC TOT; AQS Code: 88357; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
strain ageing	The gradual changes in physical and mechanical
long wave	A large wave in the polar jet stream and the westerlies that extends from the middle to the upper troposphere
locus	The position on a chromosome of a gene or other chromosome marker.
oxidative stress	caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates (reactive oxygen species) or easily repair the resulting damage.
tungsten	Symbol:"W" Atomic Number:"74" Atomic Mass: 183.85amu
potentiometric surface	the surface to which water in an aquifer can rise by hydrostatic pressure
micro alloys	A generic name for the alloying elements used in HSLA steels.
cold working	Altering the shape or size of a metal by plastic deformation
occupational dose	Includes exposure of an individual to radiation (1) in a restricted area; or (2) in the course of employment in which the individual's duties involve exposure to radiation; provided, the "occupational dose" shall not be deemed to include any exposure of an individual to radiation for the purpose of medical diagnosis or medical therapy of such individual.
stratus clouds	Low altitude gray colored cloud composed of water droplets
effective precipitation	the part of precipitation which produces runoff; a weighted average of current and antecedent precipitation "effective" in correlating with runoff
particulate matter	a criteria air pollutant
cholesterol	Found in cell membranes, affects the rigidity of the membrane
colonization	Movement of individuals or propagules of a species to a new territory.
day length	Period of time for a location on the Earth when insolation from the Sun is being received.
hardening	Increasing the hardness of steel by heat treatment.
law of stream number	Morphometric relationship observed in the number of stream segments of a particular classification order in stream channel branching
resource partitioning	The evolutionary process of species living in the same ecosystem dividing up resources so that each species develops dissimilar resource requirements to avoid competition
in-fill	Any method of drilling intervals between existing holes, used to provide greater geological detail and to help establish reserve estimates.
stream power	a measure of energy available to move sediment, or any other particle in a stream channel
freezing	The change in state of matter from liquid to solid that occurs with cooling
underlying asset	The physical metal whose deliverability underpins an open futures position or option.
rhyolite	A fine grained extrusive igneous rock that is rich in quartz and potassium feldspar
biosphere	(1) the part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life; (2) the living organisms and their environment composing the biosphere.
estuarine zone	area near the coastline that consists of estuaries and coastal saltwater wetlands.
angles	Standard long product in steel, aluminium and other metals
terminal velocity	Maximum speed that can be achieve by a body falling through a fluid like water or air.
cyclic load	Repetitive loading of a material that sometimes leads to fatigue fracture.
thermophotovoltaic device	A device that converts secondary thermal radiation, re-emitted by an absorber or heat source, into electricity; The device is designed for maximum efficiency at the wavelength of the secondary radiation.
alumina	Oxide of aluminum
equivalent contrast	Any scene can be fourier decomposed into light and dark bars of various frequencies and intensities modulated in accordance with a sine wave function
buying hedge	A hedge transaction involving the purchase of a futures contract to offset a short physical position and the risk of a rise in the metal price
gold filled	Gold filled (abbreviated G.F
activation	The process by which neutron bombard is used to make normally stable atoms radioactive.
gas	Gases are groups of atoms that are spread over a large space
plateau basalt	An accumulation of horizontal flows of basaltic lava
technical specifications	Document that records the mandated specific limits on equipment conditions and on the state of systems that a nuclear plant must maintain to keep operating safely and in accordance with NRC requirements
hydrogen bond	A chemical bond that has hydrogen covalently bonded to an electronegative atom
poe-treatment	Point-Of-Entry treatment
screening	Use of screens to remove coarse floating and suspended solids from sewage.
efp	Exchange for physical – a term originating on American futures exchanges, but now increasingly in common use on the LME, whereby two physical counterparties swap a physical parcel and a futures position at mutually agreed prices to avoid each of them having to hedge the transaction separately.
loca	Loss-of-coolant Accident
tone	Tone is one of the characteristics used to describe the appearance of color
wear	The undesired removal of material from contacting surfaces by mechanical action.
deviation	A departure from normal operating states
dissolution	The process of a substance dissolving and dispersing into a liquid.
float charge	Float charge is the voltage required to counteract the self-discharge of the battery at a certain temperature.
contrast threshold	Minimum apparent contrast at which a target is just perceptible.
dip	inclination of a geological feature/rock from the horizontal (perpendicular to strike)
visible gold	Native gold which is discernible, in a hand specimen, to the unaided eye.
tide	Cyclical rise and fall of the surface of the oceans
electro zinc	Electro zinc
geomorphology	The field of knowledge that investigates the origin of landforms on the Earth and other planets.
conservation	Protection or preservation.
cash settlement	Some futures contracts can only be settled in cash and not by delivery of a warrant or lot.
temperature	Weather condition in which warm air sits atop cooler air, promoting inversion stagnation and increased concentrations of air pollutants
anthropogenic	produced by human activities.
amulet	A pendant or charm that is worn for protective magical power.
fusion	When two atoms fuse into one larger atom
cadmium telluride	A polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic material.
strainer	Brush, fallen trees, bridge pilings, or anything else that allows the current to sweep through but pins boots and boaters
incident light	Light that shines onto the face of a solar cell or module.
mitochondria	convert foods into usable energy
wave-cut notch	A rock recess at the foot of a sea cliff where the energy of water waves is concentrated.
starch	A long chain of carbohydrates formed in plants
pediplain	An arid landscape of little relief that is occasionally interrupted by the presence of scattered inselbergs
occlusion	A term applied, in the case of metals, to the absorption or entrapment of gases.
kiloton	A measure of explosive power equal to that of 1,000 tons of TNT.
chain reaction	A reaction where the product of one step is a reactant in a later step, which produces a reactant for a later step, and so on.
heterotroph	Organism that must consume energy rich organic molecules for survival
vegetative controls	non-point source pollution control practices that utilize vegetative cover to reduce erosion and minimize loss of pollutants.
physical and chemical treatment	Processes generally used in wastewater treatment facilities
real gas	A real gas is one that you find in the real world
marine store dealer	The first operator on the scrap collection chain who has premises.
dry-bulb thermometer	Thermometer on a psychrometer used to determine current air temperature
background radiation	The radiation of man's natural environment, consisting of that which comes from cosmic rays, the naturally radioactive elements of the earth and the impact of the cumulative deposition from stratospheric fallout and nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl
precursor	A substance or condition whose presence generally precedes the formation of another, more notable, condition or substance.
haze	an atmospheric condition marked by a slight reduction in atmospheric visibility, resulting from the formation of photochemical smog, radiation of heat from the ground surface on hot days, or the development of a thin mist.
merchant	Merchant means the normal commercial quality
vitrification	The process of placing nuclear high-level waste (HLW) into a glass form for long-term disposal.
oil hardening steel	Used to describe tool or alloy steels where oil is
fine particle	particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter.
input	Addition of matter, energy, or information to a system
formula	This notation tells you the number of atoms in one molecule of a compound
ccp	Central counterparty, i.e
polarization	A property of light
attenuation	the process whereby the magnitude of a flood event is reduced by slowing, modifying, or diverting the flow of water.
combustibles	Combustible gases all have a Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
feasibility study	a detailed study of the economics of a project based on technical calculations and specific mine de02/06/2008nce to justify a decision on construction
sample	A sample is a subset group of data selected from a larger population group
atomic absorption spectroscopy	A method of chemical analysis based on the absorption of light of specific wavelengths of light by disassociated atoms in a flame or high temperature furnace
dose-response assessment	The process of characterizing the relationship between the dose of an agent administered or received and the incidence of an adverse health effect in exposed populations and estimating the incidence of the effect as a function of human exposure to the agent.
saltwater intrusion	The invasion of saltwater into freshwater aquifers in coastal and inland areas
amu	Abbreviation for atomic mass unit, a unit for expressing the relative masses of atoms
quickwater	the part of a stream that has a strong current; an artificial current or bubbling patch of water just astern of a moving boat.
conversion	Chemical process turning U3O8 into UF6 preparatory to enrichment.
ramp	An inclined underground tunnel which provides access for exploration or a connection between levels of a mine.
directional properties	Properties whose magnitude vary depending on the relationship of the test axis to a specific direction within the material
position of equilibrium	This measurement is the point in a chemical reaction where the forward reaction rate equals the reverse reaction rate.
ta	Chemical symbol for Tantalum.
orifice audit device	A device which measures air flow based on the known relationship of air flow through and orifice to the pressure drop across it.
hot work	The rolling, forging or extruding of a metal at a
power conditioning equipment	Electrical equipment, or power electronics, used to convert power from a photovoltaic array into a form suitable for subsequent use
burn	cause to fission.
spark testing	A process for sorting scrap metal, especially high speed steel
softening	The removal of calcium and magnesium from water to reduce hardness.
current	Electric current is the movement of electrons through a conductor
breakout	A term used to describe the failure of the refractory lining (the heat-containing lining) of a blast furnace
fob	Free on board
de-foaming agents	Chemicals that are added to wastewater discharges to prevent the water from foaming when it is discharged into a receiving water body.
alkali	Any substance in water solution that is bitter, irritating to the skin, and has a pH value greater than 7.0.
hardness	The hardness of steel is generally determined by
nitriding	An elevated-temperature process (but lower than carburizing or carbonitiding) by which a ferrous metal absorbs nitrogen atoms into the surface when exposed to a high-nitrogen environment
temperature inversion	Situation where a layer of warmer air exists above the Earth's surface in a normal atmosphere where air temperature decreases with altitude
market risk	The risk that the value of a derivatives contract will decrease due to an adverse movement in market factors.
advanced wastewater treatment	any treatment of sewage that goes beyond the secondary or biological water treatment stage and includes the removal of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and a high percentage of suspended solids.
habitat	(1) the natural home of an animal or plant; (2) the sum of the environmental conditions that determine the existence of a community in a specific place.
gas field	A field containing natural gas but no oil.
mollweide projection	Map projection system that tries to present more accurate representations of area
fail-safe	The behaviour of a component or system, following a failure (either internal or external)
interfacial seal	Sealing of a two-piece, multiple contact connector over the whole area of the interface to provide sealing around each contact.
volcanic vent	An opening on a volcano through which lava is released and rock fragments and ash are ejected.
logging	cutting down trees for commodity use.
eutrophic lake	Lake that has an excessive supply of nutrients, mostly in the form of nitrates and phosphates
overland flow	a land application technique that cleanses wastewater by allowing it to flow over a sloped surface
concentrates	The first-processed product from a mine
end effect	Signal obtained when an internal or encircling probe approaches the end of a tube or rod (Similar to edge effect).
little ice age	Time period from 1550 to 1850 AD
evaporation	Evaporation can be defined as the process by which liquid water is converted into a gaseous state
separation	The isolation of the various compounds in a mixture.
chalk	Form of limestone
conservation biology	Multidisciplinary science that deals with the conservation of genes, species, communities, and ecosystems that make up Earth's biodiversity
absolute configuration	The spatial arrangement of the atoms about a chiral center.
homojunction	The region between an n-layer and a p-layer in a single material photovoltaic cell.
organic coating	Application of a polymer coating (paint) on a continuous processing line or through a batch process.
wave height	Vertical distance between a wave's trough and crest.
saturation	One part of the description of color, it qualitatively corresponds to the purity of color
partial pressure	Partial pressure is the pressure of one gas in a system of two or more nonreacting gases.
alluvium	sediments deposited by erosional processes, usually by streams.
sand	Mineral particle with a size between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter
mode	The maximum point in a plot of the frequency of occurrence of a variable versus the variable.
soil moisture recharge	The process of water filling the pore space found in a soil (storage).
oar frame	Same as rowing frame.
ferrous	Describing a metal that is more than 50% iron, such as steel, stainless steel, cast iron, ductile (nodular) cast iron, etc.
half-life	The half-life of a radioisotope is the amount of time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay.
eutrophication	an excess of plant nutrients from natural erosion and runoff from the land in an aquatic ecosystem supporting a large amount of aquatic life that can deplete the oxygen supply.
technology development agreement	an agreement to apply one's technology on a partner's engine or vehicle for the purpose of demonstrating performance and emissions capability
capillary zone	Soil area above the water table where water can rise up slightly through the cohesive force of capillary action.
promoter	(1) DNA site to which RNA polymerase will bind and initiate transcription
flow augmentation	The addition of water to meet flow needs.
direct current	Electric current in which electrons flow in one direction only
alkaline earth metal	Any element from the second column of the periodic table (group 2)
disruption	A gross instability which gives rise to an abrupt temperature drop and the termination of the plasma
hydraulic model	a computer model of a segment of river used to evaluate hydraulic conditions
argillic	Pertaining to clay or clay minerals; e.g
ammno3f	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Nitrate (Fine); CAS Number: 6484-52-2; AQS Code: 88344; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
allotropic	Elements can exist in forms (referred to as phases of the element) with different characteristics depending on their crystal structure (that is the forms in which they solidify from a molten condition)
annealing	A process of heat treatment for restoring the ductility of metals work-hardened by semi-fabrication.
volume:	Quantity of material, or tonnage, bought, sold, imported or exported, as compared to value.
gaging station	the site on a stream, lake or canal where hydrologic data is collected.
hypernova	A hypernova is an enormous collapse and subsequent explosion of a supergiant star that eventually forms a black hole
ultrasonic	A term referring to acoustic vibration frequencies greater than about 20,000 hertz.
i-beam	See flange.
jetteau	a jet of water.
pollutant	A substance that has a harmful effect on the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.
line focus principle	The process of making the angle between the anode face and the central ray such that the effective focal spot is small in relation to the actual spot size.
renewable	Able to be replaced
salt water intrusion	the invasion of fresh surface or ground water by salt water
commissioning	The process during which plant or reactor components and systems, after construction, are made operational and verified to be in accordance with design assumptions and to have met the performance criteria.
qtaq	Office of Transportation and Air Quality (of USEPA)
wilderness area	a wild area that Congress has preserved by including it in the National Wilderness Preservation System.
briquette	(i) In ferro-alloys a briquette is a granular form of the alloy held together with a binder and contains an exact amount of the alloying metal
haploid	Cell that contains only one set of chromosomes
organelle	Is a specialized structure found in cells that carry out distinct cellular functions.
random lengths	Long products (bar, tube) supplied in lengths as they come off the mill
contact time	The length of time a substance is in contact with a liquid, before it is removed by filtration or the occurrence of a chemical change.
nas	National Academy of Sciences
background extinction	Normal extinction of species that occurs as a result of changes in local environmental conditions
river left	Left side of the river when facing downstream.
acyl group	The functional group RC(=O)-, formally derived from a carboxylic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group.
sio2	VIEWS parameter: Sand; CAS Number: 14808-60-7; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
nonrenewable fuels	Fuels that cannot be easily made or "renewed." We can use up nonrenewable fuels
saturated compound	An organic compound that does not comprise of carbon-carbon multiple bonds
hydraulic conductivity	the rate at which water can move through a permeable medium.
curve	Transformation Curve
tone	Degree or depth of colour in terms of lightness or darkness
scaling laws	Laws stating that if two quantities are proportional and are known to be valid at certain orders of magnitude, then they can be used to calculate the value of one of the quantities at another order of magnitude.
health physics	A term is common use for that branch of radiological science dealing with the protection of personnel from harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
isothermal transformation curve	Also known as the Time Temperature Transformation Curve
etch cracks	Shallow cracks in hardened steel, containing high residual surface stresses, produced on etching in an embrittling acid.
m3	VIEWS Status Flag: Missing value due to clogged filter; Source: NARSTO
hydrologic cycle	natural pathway water follows as it changes between liquid, solid, and gaseous states; biogeochemical cycle that moves and recycles water in various forms through the ecosphere
temperate rain forest	An ecosystem that is dominated by large and very tall evergreen trees
tsunami	Large ocean wave created from an earthquake or volcanic eruption
cetane number	A numerical index designed to reflect the ignition quality of diesel fuels
cable	A conductor with insulation, or a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other coverings (single-conductor cable), or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple-conductor cable).
compass	Navigation instrument that uses the Earth's magnetic field to determine direction.
inferred mineral resource	An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence
effect	A biological change caused by an exposure.
propane	Gas is odorless when pure
rehabilitation	The process of reclaiming land disturbed by mining to allow an appropriate post-mining use and address among other issues, ground and surface water, topsoil, final slope gradient, waste handling and re-vegetation issues.
export	Export means an actual shipment, transfer, or transmission of items out of a country; a transfer of goods or technology within a country with the knowledge or intent that the goods or technology shipped, transferred, or transmitted to an unauthorized recipient; or the transfer of goods or information in a country to an embassy or consulate of a foreign country.
concentrates	The valuable fraction of an ore that is left after worthless material is removed in processing.
remote systems	Systems off of the utility grid.
overheating	Failure of tools and components in heat treatment can arise through overheating
rock	A compact and consolidated mass of mineral matter
turbidity	A measure of non-transparency of water due to the presence of suspended matter.
distributary	A smaller branching stream channel that flows away from a main stream channel
remsad	Regulatory Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition; a numerical grid model for rapid scoping and strategy assessments for particulate matter, regional haze, PM species, and deposition of air toxins.
milliroentgen	One thousandth of roentgen.
negative quenching	Accelerated cooling in water or oil, from a temperature below the critical range.
basic solution	Any water solution that is basic (pH greater than 7) or has less hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-)
perihelion	It is the point in the Earth's orbit when it is closest to the Sun (147.5 million km)
gradient	The steepness of a slope as measured in degrees, percentage, or as a distance ratio (rise/run).
stratified drift	A type of glacial drift that has been partially sorted by glaciofluvial meltwater.
cenozoic	Geologic era that occurred from 65 million years ago to today.
flammable liquid	Any liquid having a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding an absolute pressure of 40 psi (276 kPa) at 100°F (37.8°C).
deterrence	A concept that came out of the arms race of the 1940s and '50s that nuclear weapons should serve the purpose to prevent their use
genetic mutation	Sudden change in the chromosomal DNA of an individual gene
kns	Korean Nuclear Society.
shaft	A vertical passageway to an underground mine for ventilation, moving personnel, equipment, supplies and material including ore and waste rock.
front	Transition zone between air masses with different weather characteristics.
rubber	A natural polymer
pm25_majormetaloxides	VIEWS parameter: PM25 MajorMetalOxides; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
insulation	A material that offers high electric resistance making it suitable for covering components, terminals and wires to prevent the possible future contact of adjacent conductors resulting in a short circuit.
clad metals	These are metals whose surface characteristics have been changed by bonding a thin sheet of another metal to one or both sides by rolling pressure or even explosion
daylight savings time	The setting of time so it is one hour ahead starting in the spring and one hour back beginning in the fall in the Northern Hemisphere
cosmic radiation	Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electromagnetic, that originates in outer space
absorption	causing large dark patches in regions of our Milky Way Galaxy and dark bands across other galaxies.
groundwater reservoir	an aquifer or aquifer system in which ground water is stored
ruling section	More accurately termed limiting ruling section.
cyclogenesis	Process of cyclone formation, maturation, and death.
fatty acid	A fatty acid has a carboxylic acid on a long chain of carbon atoms
focused beam	A sound beam that converges to a cross section smaller than that generated by the transducer.
emulsifier	A chemical that helps suspending one liquid in another.
dv	VIEWS parameter: deciview; Type Code: CALC; Units: Deciview
rem	(Roentgen equivalent man), a unit used in radiation protection to measure the amount of damage to human tissue from a dose of ionizing radiation
chute	A clear channel between obstructions, steeper and faster than the surrounding water.
toughness	Ability of a material to absorb, energy and deform plastically before fracturing
t/c	Treatment Charge
ad valorem	Latin
kerogen	The hydrocarbon in oil shales.
gross porosity	In weld metal or in casting, pores, gas holes or globular voids that are larger and in greater number than obtained in good practice.
icelandic low	Subpolar low pressure system found near Iceland
particulate pollution	pollution made up of small liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere or water supply.
pressure melting point	Temperature at which minerals deep within the Earth and ice below the surface of a glacier are caused to melt because of the introduction of pressure.
electron redistribution	Redistribution occurs when electrons in a chemical bond are given up, received, or shared by two or more atoms
effective control	You maintain effective control over an item when you either retain physical possession of the item, or secure the item in such an environment as a hotel safe, a bonded warehouse, or a locked or guarded exhibition facility
climate change	a regional change in temperature and weather patterns
fef	VIEWS parameter: Iron (Fine); CAS Number: 7439-89-6; AQS Code: 88126; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
retrofitting	installing modern pollution control devices at facilities without making major changes to the facility's design.
continental crust	Granitic portion of the Earth's crust that makes up the continents
mesopause	Thin boundary layer found between the mesosphere and the thermosphere
definite proportions	This is a concept that explains how formulas of similar compounds are identical no matter where you are in the universe
filtrate	Filtrate is the solid substance remaining after you remove the liquid of a solution
national estuary program	a program established under the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1987 to conserve and manage estuaries, restore and maintain their chemical, physical, and biological integrity, and control point and nonpoint pollution sources.
suspension	Liquid bath in which a solid is suspended in liquid.
icpd	International Conference on Population and Development.
rockfall	Type of mass movement that involves the detachment and movement of a small block of rock from a cliff face to its base
blackwater	Water that contains waste of humans, animals or food.
filled crack	A crack-like discontinuity, open to the surface, but filled with some foreign material-oxide, grease, etc.- which tends to prevent penetrants from entering.
conglomerate	Coarse grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded rock fragments cemented in a mixture of clay and silt.
microhardness	The hardness of microscopic areas or of the individual microconstituents in a metal, as measured by such means as Tukon
hydro-forming	A recently developed method using pressurised fluid to form metal sheet in a closed die
deionized water	water free of inorganic chemicals.
threshold	The level of magnitude of a system process at which sudden or rapid change occurs.
amine	An amine is a distinctive smelling organic compound with one or more of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia replaced by organic groups
atmospheric deposition	pollutants deposited from the air including nitrogen and sulfur compounds.
seaborgium	Symbol:"Sg" Atomic Number:"106" Atomic Mass: (263)amu
spodosols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
national response center	The 24-hour a day federal operations center receives notifications of all releases of oil and hazardous substances into the environment
radiotoxicity	The adverse health effect of a radionuclide due to its radioactivity.
land application	Discharge of wastewater onto the ground for treatment or reuse.
tailings	Ground rock remaining after particular ore minerals (e.g
solar flare	An explosive release of solar magnetic energy.
pmi	plasma-material interaction
cod	Chemical Oxygen Demand. A measure of the oxygen equivalent of the organic matter content of a sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidation. Differs from the BOD test in that COD uses oxygen derived from chemicals, while BOD uses oxygen derived from air dissolved in water.
settleable solids	in sewage, suspended solids that will settle when the sewage is brought to a quiet state for a reasonable length of time, usually two hours.
declared facility	A facility that has been declared to the International Atomic Energy Agency (or other inspection authority) and is made available for inspection in accordance with relevant safeguards obligations
borrowing	Term mostly used on the LME
secondary succession	Succession on a previously vegetated surface
butterfly spread	An option strategy combining two option spreads whereby two options are bought (or sold) at the same strike price and one option is sold (or bought) at each of an equidistant higher and lower strike price, all for the same expiration
morphometry	The measurement of shape
filter medium	The permeable material that separates solids from liquids passing through it.
equivalent dose	Absorbed dose averaged over an organ or tissue and weighted for the radiation quality for the type of radiation of concern.
hydrologic cycle	The natural cycle of water passing through the environment, including evaporation, condensation, retention and run-off.
fertile	Capable of becoming fissile, by capturing neutrons, possibly followed by radioactive decay; e.g., U-238, Pu-240.
latosol	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
cm_bext	VIEWS parameter: Coarse Mass Extinction; Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
telecommuting	working with others via telecommunications technologies (e.g., telephones, modems, faxes) without physically travelling to an office.
steam-generator	Equipment using heat in a power plant to produce steam to turn turbines.
pyrites	A copper-iron sulphide mineral.
outwash plain	A flat or gentle sloping surface of glaciofluvial sediments deposited by meltwater streams at the edge of a glacier
microshrinkage	A casting defect, not detectable at magnifications lower than ten diameters, consisting of interdendritic voids
background fluorescence	Fluorescent residues observed over the general surface of the part during fluorescent penetrant inspection.
highly enriched uranium	Uranium in which the naturally occurring U235 isotope - 0.7 percent in natural uranium, 99.3 percent U238 - is increased to 20 percent U235 or above, but usually to 90 percent or more
flashiness	a measure of a river or stream's tendency to carry a high percentage of its flow volume in large, infrequent events rather than more moderate flows that occur frequently.
chenier	Chenier is fine, hollow tubing that is used in the production of some jewelry findings (like clasps and joints), and lately, in the actual production of jewelry
ppt rec	VIEWS parameter: Rain Gauge Reading; Description: Precipitation amount as measured by the recording rain gage, in mm
art nouveau	A style also known as "Victorian" or "Edwardian" consisting of fluid lines, floral and nature themes and natural colours
normalising	A heat treatment process that has the object of
u	Chemical symbol for Uranium.
zone of ablation	Area of a glacier where losses of ice from melting, evaporation, and sublimation exceed additions of snow annually.
monera	Group, at the kingdom level, in the classification of life
circumferential coil	See encircling and internal probes.
horn	Pyramidal peak that forms when several cirques erode a mountain from three or more sides.
photon	A quantum (or packet) of energy emitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation
tanker	Ocean going ship designed for carrying crude oil and other liquid products.
asf	VIEWS parameter: Arsenic (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-38-2; AQS Code: 88103; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
electrical noise	Extraneous signals caused by externally radiated signals or electrical interferences within an ultrasonic instrument
actuals	US term for physical.
dyke	Thin vertical veins of igneous rock that form when magma enters and cools in fractures found within the crust
pcm2_cl	VIEWS parameter: PCM2 CL; CAS Number: 16887-00-6; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
phenolphthalein alkalinity	the alkalinity in a water sample measured by the amount of standard acid needed to lower the pH to a level of 8.3 as indicated by the change of color of the phenolphthalein from pink to clear.
mse	motional stark effect
expiry	The date on which a futures contract becomes due (see Prompt).
view	Visibility Intensive Experiment in the West, a project of the US EPA, with cooperation of the National Park Service, to measure visibility at many stations throughout the western United States to document current visibility and examine trends.
dry stack tailings	Dewatering tailings to higher degrees than a paste consistency
law	an act or bill which has become part of the legal code through passage by Congress and approval by the President (or via Congressional override).
reduction of area	The percentage decrease in the cross-sectional
national safety council	See Trade Names for address
iceberg	A mass of ice found floating in the ocean or a lake
granitic magma	Felsic magma that generates mainly granitic rocks.
metastasis	The spread of cancer from one organ or part to another not directly connected with it.
ebb tide	Time during the tidal period when the tide is falling
soilf_bext	VIEWS parameter: Soil Extinction (Fine); Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
distribution	Refers to the reach of electronic trading platforms
miller cylindrical projection	Map projection that mathematically projects the Earth's surface onto a cylinder that is tangent at the equator
in-situ oxidation	technology that oxidizes contaminants dissolved in groundwater, converting them into insoluble compounds.
hydrostatic pressure	Force caused by water under pressure.
kapton	A polyimide electrically insulating high mechanical strength film.
n2f	VIEWS parameter: Nitrite (Fine); CAS Number: 14797-65-0; AQS Code: 88338; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
ammonia	Colorless gas; very pungent odor
irrigation	Applying water or wastewater to land areas to supply the water and nutrient needs of plants.
cast iron	A definition can be applied that Cast Iron is an
noise spectrum	The various frequencies making a noise.
carrying costs	The costs associated with a carry such as insurance, rent and opportunity cost.
near field	The distance immediately in front of the transducer in which the ultrasonic beam exhibits complex and changing wavefronts
laboratory water	purified water used in the laboratory as a basis for making up solutions or making dilutions
newton	The unit of force giving a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of about one meter per second per second.
oncogene	Genes that encode the potential for cancer and, when activated, can induce cancer.
photoperiod	The duration of the daylight period.
deferred stripping costs	Mining costs associated with waste rock removal that are deferred and charged to income on the basis of the average stripping ratio for the mine
emulsion	Dispersion of one liquid in another liquid, occurs when a liquid in insoluble.
thermal gradient	temperature difference between two areas.
solar energy	energy derived from sunlight.
interfacial tension	the strength of the film separating two immiscible fluids (e.g., oil and water) measured in dynes per, or millidynes per, centimeter.
mediterranean scrubland	See chaparral.
breakpoint chlorination	addition of chlorine to the point where all organic matter and ammonia compounds have been destroyed and any additional chlorine becomes a free chlorine residual available for disinfection.
dosimeter	A device used to measure the radiation dose a person receives over a period of time.
rpo	Regional Planning Organization
oil hardening steel	Used to describe tool or alloy steels where oil is used as the quenching medium in the hardening process.
secondary nonferrous materials	Nonferrous scrap is the metal left from manufacturing processes or obtained from the disposal of products that have reached the end of their lifecycles that has no iron content
cng	compressed natural gas; natural gas that has been condensed under high pressures, typically between 3,000 and 3,600 pounds per square inch (PSI), and is held in a container
cross-section	A measure of the probability of a particular nuclear reaction occurring between a projectile and a target
residue	The dry solids remaining after the evaporation of a sample of water or sludge.
h1	VIEWS Status Flag: Historical data that have not been assessed or validated.; Source: NARSTO
parkerising	A chemical treatment applied to ferrous metals to improve their corrosion resistance
zwitter ions	Act as cations or as anions according to the environment in which they find themselves
electron	An elementary particle with a negative charge and a mass 1/1837 that of the proton
demand side management	an attempt by utilities to reduce customers' demand for electricity or energy by encouraging efficiency.
global warming	Warming of the Earth's average global temperature because of an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases
face centred cubic	An arrangement of atoms in crystals in which the
fusion	The merging of two light atomic nuclei into a heavier nucleus, with a resultant loss in the combined mass
post-finishing	The process by which paint is deposited to primed, manufactured material, e.g
latch earring back	The hinged arm closes and snaps into the U-shaped lock.
retrofitting	Adding a device or materials to an existing unit for the purpose of enhancing the functional performance of the original unit
direct effects	The optical effects of aerosols on climate modification referring to absorption and scattering of solar radiation by airborne particles.
wind ripples	Wind ripples are miniature sand dunes between 5 centimeters and 2 meters in length and 0.1 to 5 centimeters in height
freezing point	A temperature point when a liquid becomes a solid
derivatives	Generic term originating from the financial sector for all contracts related to an underlying security or commodity, whether or not they are traded on a futures exchange.
assimilation	the ability of a water body to purify itself of pollutants.
price-fix hedge	A hedge designed to lock in for a future date, up to several years ahead, a price that the hedger (typically a miner or end-user) will find acceptable.
powder metals	A distinct branch of metallurgy
electricity	Energy in the form of moving electrons.
cadmium	A natural element found in the earth's crust, resistant to corrosion and a good conductor of electricity
baghouse	Part of the environmental controls at a smelter or furnace
groundwater runoff	the portion of runoff which has passed into the ground, has become ground water, and has been discharged into a stream channel as spring or seepage water.
isothermal	Pertaining to changes or other phenomena occurring at a constant temperature.
taiga	See Boreal Forest.
dry metric ton	In some contracts covering concentrates or bulk ores, the relevant tonnage is specified as dry – i.e
lamellar	Plate-like; made of a number of parallel plates or sheets
air mass	The ratio of the mass of atmosphere in the actual observer-sun path to the mass that would exist if the observer was at sea level, at standard barometric pressure, and the sun was directly overhead
urban area	Geographic area with a high density of people over a limited area
initial dilution	the process that results in the rapid and irreversible turbulent mixing of effluent and receiving water around the point of discharge.
transparency	The ability of a medium to allow light to pass through it.
yf	VIEWS parameter: Yttrium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-65-5; AQS Code: 84183; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
nuclides	General term used to describe the full range of elements and their family of isotopes.
shot peening	A carefully controlled process of blasting a large number of hardened spherical or nearly spherical particles (shot) against the softer surface of a part
critical entrainment velocity	Velocity required to entrain a particular sized particle into the moving medium of air or water.
arrhenius base	A substance that dissociates in aqueous solution to produce hydroxide ions.
topsides	The superstructure of a platform.
occlusion	A term applied, in the case of metals, to the
avg_temp	VIEWS parameter: Average temperature; Description: Average temperature during sampling; Type Code: TMP; Units: DEGREES, CENTIGRADE
lower mantle	Layer of the Earth's interior extending from 670 to 2,900 kilometers below the surface crust
key species	species that are targeted for instream flow assessment or more generally taxa of interest; may include lotic-adapted species, imperiled species, sport fishes, or other species related to study objectives.
boulder	Large fragment of rock that has a diameter greater than 256 millimeters (200 millimeters in the United Kingdom).
limits	A term used to determine a minimum and maximum
tonne	Used in metric statistics
hardenability	The depth and distribution of hardness below the surface of steel.
calorie	Quantity of energy
reg	A rocky desert landscape
hypolimnion	bottom layer of cold water in a lake
latitude	Latitude is a north-south measurement of position on the Earth
dissolved air flotation	A procedure of induced flotation with very fine air bubbles or 'micro bubbles', of 40 to 70 microns.
evaporation fog	A type of fog produced from the advection of cold air over warm water or warm or moist land
yield strength	The stress at which general plastic elongation of the test
nh3	VIEWS parameter: Ammonia (vapor phase only); CAS Number: 7664-41-7; Type Code: GAS; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
eluvial	A geological term referring to a deposit created by the action of water, but without movement from its original position (e.g
composites	Plants of the compositae family (Asteraceae)
metamorphism	Process that creates metamorphic rocks.
consumptive water use	Water removed from available supplies without return to a water resources system; water used in manufacturing, agriculture, and food preparation.
hedge fund	An investment company holding large sums of money which are invested to generate a profit
plug flow	type of flow that occurs in tanks, basins, or reactors when a slug of water moves through without ever dispersing or mixing with the rest of the water flowing through.
sanitary landfill	landfill that is lined with plastic or concrete or located in clay-rich soils to prevent hazardous substances from leaking into the environment.
magnetic south	See South Magnetic Pole.
bioaccumulantion	The increase in concentration of a substance in living organisms, as they take in contaminated air, water, or food, due to slow metabolization and excretion.
normalising	A heat treatment process that has the object of relieving internal stresses, refining the grain size and improving the mechanical properties
breaker	The quick collapse of an overextended water wave as it approaches the shoreline
perched water table	Water table that is positioned above the normal water table for an area because of the presence of a impermeable rock layer.
isotherm	line that connects points of equal temperature.
density	The weight of a certain amount of water
supply tracking	A supply forecasting procedure utilized during a period when supply capability exceeds demand, whereby deliverability is restricted to (or "tracks") that demand, until such time as supply capability falls below the demand level.
sweep length	The length of time or distance represented by the horizontal baseline on an A-scan.
scour	the erosive action of running water in streams, which excavates and carries away material from the bed and banks
assay	An assay is a test of the purity of an alloy
pvaq	See Perceived Visual Air Quality.
leakage	Leakage refers to the light that escapes through the pavilion rather than being returned to the viewer
impregnation	The treatment of castings with a sealing medium to stop pressure leaks, such as soaking under pressure with or without prior evacuation and either with hot or cold application
beryllium copper	Copper with a small addition of beryllium used for springs and non-sparking tools.
dwt	Deadweight tons
fluvial	Involving running water
cm_measured	VIEWS parameter: PM2.5-10: mass (SFU); Description: Gravimetric coarse mass; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
pool	A natural underground reservoir containing, or appearing to contain, an accumulation of petroleum or natural gas.
ammno3f_bext	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Nitrate Extinction (Fine); CAS Number: 6484-52-2; Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
drought	Climatic condition where water loss due to evapotranspiration is greater than water inputs through precipitation.
energy	Ability to do work
biologically activated carbon	Activated carbon that supports active microbial growth, in order to aid in the degradation of organics that have been absorbed on its surface and in its pores.
sulfur dioxide	a criteria air pollutant
run of mine	Ore (e.g
sidereal day	because Earth orbits the Sun and during one full rotation of Earth itself, it has moved its position with respect to the Sun.
floor	Where trading through open-outcry takes place (see pit and ring).
flake	A small flat particle of metal
agc	Automated gauge control
anion	A negatively charged ion.
malignant	A cancer that tends to become progressively worse and to result in death if not treated; having the properties of anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis.
tungsten	When used as an alloying element it
muskeg	Poorly drained marshes or swamps found overlying permafrost.
aama 509	Voluntary Test and Classification Method for Drained and Back Ventilated Rain Screen Wall cladding Systems
sima layer	The part of the crust that forms the ocean basins and lower layers in the crust and is composed of relatively heavy, basaltic rocks.
treatment	Artificial modification of the chemical and/or physical properties of a gemological material
air quality	(in context of the national parks:) the properties and degree of purity of air to which people and natural and heritage resources are exposed.
magnetic north	See North Magnetic Pole.
monosaccharide	A monosaccharide is one sugar molecule
pig	A container usually made of lead or U 238 used to shield radioactive sources when not in use.
secondary standard	an air pollution limit based on environmental effects such as damage to property, plants, visibility, etc
saturation	Saturation is one of three characteristics used to describe the appearance of color
first law of thermodynamics	Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
stress strain curve	A graph in which stress (load divided by the original cross sectional area of the test piece) is plotted against strain (the extension divided by the length over which it is measured).
ens	European Nuclear Society.
electrical aerosol	A particle sampler that puts electrical charges on particles and sorts analyze them by their different drift rates in an electric field.
swell	A relatively smooth ocean wave that travels some distance from the area of its generation.
volume	The total weight of a commodity traded, expressed either in tonnes or lots
thallium	Symbol:"Tl" Atomic Number:"81" Atomic Mass: 204.38amu
irrigation efficiency	the percentage of water applied, and which can be accounted for, in the soil moisture increase for consumptive use.
water storage pond	An impound for liquid wastes designed to accomplish some degree of biochemical treatment.
pumping test	a test conducted to determine aquifer or well characteristics.
sand sea	A large region of sand and sand dunes in a desert
fuel gas	Gaseous fuel.
cohesion	Cohesive forces of attraction happen between molecules of the same type
upflow	an upward flow.
dose coefficient	Used as a synonym for dose per unit intake of a radioactive substance, but sometimes also used to describe other coeffcients linking quantities or concentrations of activity to doses or dose rates, such as the external dose rate at a specified distance above a surface with a deposit of a specified activity per unit area of a specified radionuclide.
backswamp	Marshy low lying area in a stream's floodplain
pcm1_tef_no3	VIEWS parameter: PCM1 Teflon NO3; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
buoyancy	the tendency of a body to float or rise when immersed in a fluid; the power of a fluid to exert an upward force on a body placed in it.
p/n	A semiconductor device structure in which the junction is formed between a p-type layer and an n-type layer.
niobium	Also known as columbium
inkwell	A storage container used for housing liquid ink, usually made of glass.
transuranic element	A very heavy element formed artificially by neutron capture and possibly subsequent beta decay(s)
system availability	A figure-of-merit useful in quantifying system effectiveness, normally facility up-time divided by planned up-time.
eutrophication	Physical, chemical and biological changes in a water body as a result of the input nitrogen and phosphorus.
diluting water	Distilled water that has been stabilized, buffered, and aerated
pre-treatment	Processes used to reduce or eliminate wastewater pollutants from before they are discharged.
ferro-alloy	An alloy of iron with another metal used either as an ingredient for the finished steel or as a consumable addition to the furnace burden, or as both
eurofer	European Confederation of Iron and Steel Industries.
open talik	Is a form of localized unfrozen ground (talik) in an area of permafrost
waterborne contaminants	unhealthy chemicals, microorganisms (like bacteria) or radiation, found in tap water.
snout	Front end of a glacier
medium-size water system	A water system that serves 3,300 to 50,000 customers.
membrane	A thin barrier that allows some compounds or liquids to pass through, and troubles others
aeration	the mixing or turbulent exposure of water to air and oxygen to dissipate volatile contaminants and other pollutants into the air.
inorganic	Non-living thing
toxic air pollutants	See hazardous air pollutants.
shex	Shipping term relating to loading – Sundays and holidays excepted.
estuary	Somewhat enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where nutrient rich fresh water meets with salty ocean water.
lysimeter	Meteorological instrument used to measure potential and actual evapotranspiration.
aqueous solubility	the maximum concentration of a chemical that will dissolve in pure water at a reference temperature.
sentiment	The collective mood of a market; sometimes influenced by fundamental factors and news, sometimes technicalfactors based on macro-economic and/or mathematical analysis, and sometimes neither.
tone	Tone represents how light or dark a stone appears by how much brown, black, gray or white is present.
radionuclide	a radioactive particle, man-made or natural, with a distinct atomic weight number
irradiation	Exposure to any kind of radiation.
weighted emissions potential	Specific to the Weighted Emissions Potential (WEP) analysis on the TSS
sunspot	A region of the Sun’s photosphere that appears darker than its surroundings because it is cooler.
counterparty risk	The risk that a counterparty to a trade will fail to fulfil its obligations.
winter	Season between fall and spring
meander	A loop-like bend in the course of a river.
mdc	See more developed country.
scene element	Discrete segment of a landscape scene.
lead	a naturally-occurring heavy, soft metallic element; human exposure can cause brain and nervous system damage, especially in children.
denied persons list	A list, referenced in Supplement No
sustained overdraft	long term withdrawal from the aquifer of more water than is being recharged.
mortality rate	The number of deaths that occur in a given population during a given time interval, usually deaths per 103 or 105 people per year
gate	An electronic device for monitoring signals in a selected segment of the trace on an A-scan display
scattering efficiency	The relative ability of aerosols and gases to scatter light
calot	A calot (in zinc) or slug (in aluminium) is a thick disc of soft metal which is the raw material for an impact extrusion (e.g
endocrine disruptors	substances that stop the production or block the transmission of hormones in the body.
daily air quality index	A ten-point scale with four bands indicating'Low',' Moderate', 'High' and 'Very High' levels of air pollution
polycyclic landform	Landform that shows the repeated influence of one or more major geomorphic processes over geological time
metal service center institute	North American association of steel and metal stockists
open hearth	An obsolescent steelmaking technique, at one time the mainstay of world production
condensation	The change of state from a gas to a liquid.
zone of saturation	the space below the water table in which all the interstices (pore spaces) are filled with water
perched water table	groundwater standing unprotected over a confined zone.
certified gemmologist	A title awarded by the American Gem Society
ts	Total Solids
nonsymbiotic mutualism	Mutualistic interaction where the mutualists live independent lives yet cannot survive without each other
fatigue limit	The maximum value of the applied alternating
period pricing	A contract for physical metal supply over a period (usually a year or a quarter) in which all elements except price are settled in advance
refractive index	The speed of light in a vacuum as opposed to its speed in a medium.
preservative	a chemical added to a water sample to keep it stable and prevent compounds in it from changing to other forms or to prevent microorganism densities from changing prior to analysis.
multicrystalline	Material that is solidified at such as rate that many small crystals (crystallites) form
operating margins	Each parameter describing an operating system has a nominal value and a limiting one at which operation would cease or otherwise be deficient
throat	On an oar or paddle, the point where the shaft meets the blade
cluster mill	See Sendzimir.
skirt	the cloth segment of the envelope below the load cable connections, frequently detachable, often made of Nomex or similar fire-resistant material. See diagram.
shale	Fine grained sedimentary rock composed of lithified clay particles.
concentrate	See Uranium oxide concentrate (U3O8).
flat-top pulse length	The duration a plasma is in quasi-steady state.
product water	Water that has passed through a water treatment plant and is ready to be delivered to consumers.
mining claim	That portion of public mineral lands which a party has staked or marked out in accordance with federal, provincial or state mining laws to acquire the right to explore for and exploit the minerals under the surface.
mollisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
circulate	to move in a circle, circuit or orbit; to flow without obstruction; to follow a course that returns to the starting point.
volatiles:	As mined, coal is a complex mineral and some of the elements and compounds released on heating are highly reactive and even potentially explosive
scintillation counter	Detector that measures the amount of ionizing radiation in materials
fish	Group of vertebrate animals that inhabit aquatic habitats.
dry gas	Natural gas composed mainly of methane with only minor amounts of ethane, propane and butane and little or no heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline range.
ounce	Used in imperial statistics
beam	(i) The width of a vessel; may govern which harbours or canals it can enter
venturi	An increase in the velocity of a fluid or gas due to the constriction of flow.
ramp	An inclined underground tunnel that provides access to and throughout an orebody for exploration, ventilation or exploitation purposes in an underground mine.
platform	Horizontal sedimentary deposits found on top of continental shield deposits.
casing	a tubular structure intended to be watertight installed in the excavated or drilled hole to maintain the well opening and, along with cementing, to confine the ground waters to their zones of origin and prevent the entrance of surface pollutants.
spirals	Sandy minerals such as mineral sands can be concentrated by slurrying and passing down a spiral channel to separate the heavy component.
first law of thermodynamics	See Law of Conservation of Energy.
magnetograph	A picture of a magnetic field made by the use of iron powder under conditions that allow it to arrange itself into the pattern of the field.
pec	Primary elemental carbon
"hard" x-rays	A term used to express the quality or penetrating power of x-radiation
bias	An unfair influence, inclination, or partiality of opinion.
fas	Stands for free alongside
schist	A medium to coarse grained metamorphic rock with well developed bedding planes derived from the foliated recrystrallization of platy like minerals like mica.
stationary source	A fixed source of regulated air pollutants (e.g., industrial facility)
lagoon	a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater
bull market	Term used to describe financial market conditions when share prices are going up.
carbonate hardness	Hardness of water caused by carbonate and bicarbonate by-products of calcium and magnesium.
reverberatory furnace	The simplest kind of smelting furnace in the form of a refractory-lined box up to about 40 ft (12.5 metres) long in which metal is kept molten in the bottom of the furnace by flame (oil, gas or coal-fired) reverberating around the upper part of the furnace.
conflict diamonds	Diamonds that originate from areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to the governments in power, and are used to finance wars against these governments
cable chain	A cable chain consists of interconnected round links of the same size.
solid	One characteristic of a solid is that it might be hard
kerb trading	This is a period at the end of each LME session (am and pm)
sensitive item	An item concerned with or held vital to national security by reason of dealing with highly restricted information and materials; demanding or intended to be treated with a high degree of discretion and unquestioned loyalty.
system element	System elements are the kinds of things or substances composing the system
dealer tankwagon price	The price paid by a branded dealer for petroleum products supplied by a major oil company.
waste site	dumping ground.
compressed-air energy storage	CAES plants use off-peak electrical energy to compress air into underground storage reservoirs for storage until times of peak or intermediate electricity demand
sterling silver	925 parts silver, legal standard
infiltration	Penetration of water into a medium, for instance the soil.
put	See Option.
groundwater discharge	Ground water entering coastal waters, which has been contaminated by land-fill leachates, deep well injection of hazardous wastes and septic tanks.
origins	Particle origins can be anthropogenic (man-made) or natural
brownfields	abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination.
concentrated solution	A solution (liquid mixture) that has a large amount of solute dissolved
deliquescence	The process that occurs when the vapor pressure of the saturated aqueous solution of a substance is less than the vapor pressure of the water in the ambient air
skinny format	A report format in which parameter concentrations are displayed as a single column of data next to a Parameter Code column
flow cytometry	The analysis of biological material by detection of properties of cells or sub-cellular fractions using a combination of fluorescence and a laser beam
electrical steel	Steel for use in laminations in electric motors, transformers etc
cryostatic pressure	Pressure exerted on a substance by ice at rest.
inchoate water right	an unperfected water right.
fixed ground water	water held in saturated material that it is not available as a source of water for pumping.
fossil fuel	Carbon based remains of organic matter that has been geologically transformed into coal, oil and natural gas
imhoff cone	A clear, cone-shaped container used to measure the volume of settle able solids in a specific volume of water.
sunspot cycle	The regular waxing and waning of the number ofspots on the Sun
total harmonic distortion	The measure of closeness in shape between a waveform and its fundamental component.
phanerozoic	Geologic eon that occurs from 2500 million years ago to today
grid south	The direction south as measured on the Universal Transverse Mercator grid system.
bacterial water contamination	The introduction of unwanted bacteria into a water body.
sulfur dioxide	A gas produced from volcanic eruptions, ocean spray, organic decomposition and the burning of fossil fuels
geomorphic threshold	The amount of slow accumulated change a landform can take before it suddenly moves into an accelerated rate of change that takes it to a new system state.
long-lead time	A date prior to the estimated physical construction start to ensure availability at the time needed so as to not delay the construction performance.
arsenopyrite	A tin-white or silver-white to steel-gray mineral
abandoned well	a well which is no longer used
cross	(i) A cleared transaction where the buyer and seller are the same broker
taku	Name for a katabatic type of cold wind that occurs in Alaska.
boron	A chemical element, atomic number 5, semi-metallic in nature, used as a dopant to make p-semiconductor layers.
tolerance dose	For industrial safety guidelines
tailings	Ground rock remaining after particular ore minerals (e.g., uranium oxides) are extracted.
chromosphere	The part of the Sun’s atmosphere between the photosphere and the corona.
open position	A forward market position which has not been closed out
direct solar radiation	Solar radiation received by the Earth's atmosphere or surface which has not been modified by atmospheric scattering.
lagoon	A shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater.
point source	A stationary location from which pollutants are discharged
protons	positively charged nuclear atomic particles felt to be composed of quarks - udd
crown	The crown is the upper part of a gemstone.
raoult's law	This chemistry law shows that the vapor pressure above a mixture of two liquids is directly related to the amounts of the solute and solvents in the solution.
worm holes	Elongated or tubular cavities due to entrapped gas.
primary carnivore	See secondary consumer.
langelier index	An index reflecting the equilibrium pH of a water with respect to calcium and alkalinity; used in stabilizing water to control both corrosion and scale deposition.
gap	A spatial opening in a plant community
abscopal effect	The radiation response in tissue at a distance from the irradiated site invoked by local irradiation.
marked-to market	The fair value change of all financial instruments since initial recognition, net of premiums.
beam exit point	See probe index.
frm_nh4	VIEWS parameter: FRM NH4; CAS Number: 14798-03-9; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
substrate	The surface or medium that serves as a base for something.
underbead crack	A subsurface crack in the base metal near a weld.
geologic erosion	normal or natural erosion caused by geological processes acting over long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains, the building up of floodplains, coastal plains, etc.
ocf_nioshadj	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Total (Fine) (NIOSH Adjusted); Description: Organic Carbon from STN (NIOSH Adjusted for blank correction); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
system attribute	A system attribute is the perceived characteristic of a system element
long-hole open stope	A method of mining involving the drilling of holes up to 90 feet long into an orebody and then blasting a slice of rock which falls into an open space
cameo	A cameo is a relief carving on a shell or stone
organic matter	Substances of (dead) plant or animal matter, with a carbon-hydrogen structure.
ecosphere	total of all the ecosystems on the planet, along with their interactions; the sphere of air, water, and land in which all life is found.
immiscibility	The inability of two or more solids or liquids to readily dissolve into one another.
trickle charge	A charge at a low rate, balancing through self-discharge losses, to maintain a cell or battery in a fully charged condition.
etf	Short for exchange traded fund, i.e
storm surge	Relatively rapid rise in the height of the ocean along a coastline
hypoxia	the depletion of dissolved oxygen in water, a condition resulting from an overabundance of nutrients of human or natural origin that stimulates the growth of algae, which in turn die and require large amounts of oxygen as the algae decompose
cern	Centre Européen de Recherche Nucléaire (European Organization for Nuclear Research)
insulation	That which is relied upon to insulate the conductor from other conductors or conducting parts or from ground.
burnup	Measure of thermal energy released by nuclear fuel relative to its mass, typically Gigawatt days per tonne (GWd/tU).
neutron activation analysis	A method of analysis based on the identification and measurement of characteristic radiation from radionuclides formed by irradiating a sample of material with neutrons.
salt	When you mix an acid and a base, the ionic compounds dissociate
long ton	The old avoirdupois ton of 2240 lb
absorption coefficient	A measure of the ability of particles or gases to absorb photons; a number that is proportional to the number of photons removed from the sight path by absorption per unit length.
richter scale	A logarithmic measurement scale of earthquake magnitude
iron	it is only naturally created in supernova explosions and similar cosmic events.
toxic water pollutants	Compounds that are not naturally found in water at the given concentrations and that cause death, disease, or birth defects in organisms that ingest or absorb them.
thermocline	Boundary in a body of water where the greatest vertical change in temperature occurs
category c1	Kazakhstani reserve category, where blocks are delineated by mine workings above and below
uranium 235	The only natural occurring fissile isotope
clastic sedimentary rock	Sedimentary rocks that are formed by the lithification of weathered rock debris that has been physically transported and deposited.
troposphere	Layer in the atmosphere found from the surface to a height of between 8 to 16 kilometers of altitude (average height 11 kilometers)
contact size	Defines the largest size wire that can be used with the specific contact
oxidation	A common form of chemical reaction which is the
torque	A measure of the twisting moment applied to a part under a torsional stress
thermal pollution	an increase in air or water temperature that disturbs the climate or ecology of an area.
emboss	Embossing is a method of surface decoration in which a design is raised slightly above the surface
ozone episode	a period of elevated concentration of ozone, usually occurring during summer on sunny, calm days in rural areas.
haircut	Expression covering the reduction in valuation of an asset (e.g
ohmic heating	OH, heating resulting from the resistance a medium offers to the flow of electric current
gelisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
stoss	Side of a slope that faces the direction of flow of ice, wind, or water
soil profile	Vertical arrangement of layers or horizons in a soil.
mechanical energy	Energy made or run by machine.
exchange for physicals	A deal in which a physical position is traded for a futures position.
pmc	Coarse particulate matter (PM10 - PM2.5)
life-off	Distance between the coil of a surface probe and sample
acid steel	Steel produced in a furnace with an acid lining, i.e.
orange peel effect	An effect that arises on the surface of steel sheets when they are stretched beyond their elastic limit.
diversion	to remove water from a water body
flood frequency	how often, on average, a discharge of a given magnitude occurs at a particular location on a stream
vc	VIEWS parameter: Vanadium (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-62-2; AQS Code: 83164; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
decommissioning	Closing a nuclear power plant after it has operated about 40 years.
cap gas	Natural gas trapped in the upper part of a reservoir and remaining separate from any crude oil, salt water or other liquids in the well.
river basin	the area drained by a river and its tributaries.
roll cloud	A dense, cigar shaped cloud found above the gust front of a thunderstorm
transport	The rate at which desired material is carried through any section of a processing plant, e.g
updraft	Upward movement of air.
barrier	A physical obstruction which is intended to prevent contact with energized lines or equipment or to prevent unauthorized access to a work area.
heat capacity	A measure of how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of one gram of anything one degree Celsius.
vacuum	A vacuum is a space that has no pressure and no molecules inside
nfpa	National Fire Protection Association
iron	The term iron, as used in the chemical or scientific sense of the word, refers to the chemical element iron or pure iron and is the chief constituent of all commercial iron and steel.
aqua regia	Aqua regia is a 3:1 mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid
dynamic creep	Creep that occurs under conditions of fluctuating load or fluctuating temperature.
confounding variables	factors, which may affect the result of a cohort study looking at air pollution and effects on health
secondary treatment	The removal or reduction of contaminants and BOD of effluent from primary wastewater treatment.
solar energy	See insolation.
meehanite	A trade name applied to a certain type of cast iron.
nonporous	something which does not allow water to pass through it
light	Radiant energy that is capable of exciting the retina and producing a visual sensation
hifar	High Flux Australian Reactor
condenser	Equipment that cools steam and turns it back into water.
eff	Exchange for futures – a transaction whereby an off-exchange contract is exchanged for an on-exchange one.
recycling	system of collecting, sorting, and reprocessing old material into usable raw materials.
methane	Methane is very strong greenhouse gas found in the atmosphere
ionization	The process in which a charged portion of a molecule (usually an electron) is given enough energy to break away from the atom
lymphoma	a tumor marked by swelling in the lymph nodes.
deuterium	a positron (e+) which is the positively charged antimatter form of an electron, and a neutrino.
deuterium	Isotope of hydrogen, with a nucleus containing one proton and one neutron, and an atomic mass number of 2.
quark	An elementary particle and a fundamental constituent ("building block") of matter
field capacity	The water remaining in a soil after the complete draining of the soil's gravitational water.
sewage	The waste and wastewater produced by residential and commercial sources and discharged into sewers.
gold stone	Goldstone (also known as aventurine) is a shimmering quartz stone that ranges in color from yellow to red to light green to light brown
torque	that which tends to change the rate of rotation of a body; also called the moment of force
improve	Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments; a collaborative monitoring program established in the mid-1980s as past of the Federal Implementation Plans
select	The LME's electronic trading system.
solvent remover	A nonaqueous liquid employed in removal of surface penetrant from parts or for removal of unwanted background porosity indications.
qr code	VIEWS parameter: Quality Rating Code; Description: A code indicating the relative quality of the sample.; Type Code: FLAG
cta	Commodity Trade Adviser
sea stack	A steep pillar of rock located in the ocean a short distance from the coastline
bravais lattice	The Bravais lattice is the basic structure of a crystal
rctm	VIEWS parameter: Reconstructed Total Mass; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
molecule	the smallest division of a compound that still retains or exhibits all the properties of the substance.
scattering angle	The angle between the direction of propagation of the scattered and incident light (or transmitted light)
bare conductor	A conductor not covered with insulating material.
absorption	A process by which electromagnetic radiation imparts energy to matter.
divergence	Horizontal outflow of wind from an area
charles' law	A scientist named Jacques Charles did many experiments involving gas volumes and temperatures
dry deposition	delivery of air pollutants in the gaseous or particle phase to surfaces.
minimum streamflow	the specific amount of water reserved to support aquatic life, to minimize pollution, or for recreation
stratovolcano	See composite volcano.
photoelectrochemical cell	A special kind of photovoltaic cell in which the electricity produced is used immediately within the cell to produce a useful chemical product, such as hydrogen
reflected infrared radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 to 3.0 micrometers (µm).
intrusive igneous rock	A mass of igneous rock that forms when magma from the mantle migrates upward and cools and crystallizes near, but not at, the Earth's surface
suspended well	A well that has been capped off temporarily.
gadolinium	Symbol:"Gd" Atomic Number:"64" Atomic Mass: 157.25amu
coronal hole	A low-density, dim region in the Sun’s corona
transportation planning	systems to improve the efficiency of the transportation system in order to enhance human access to goods and services.
irrigation water	water which is applied to assist crops in areas or during times where rainfall is inadequate.
brand	A mark or name identifying the smelter, refiner, semifabricator or steelworks who has produced the metal
superconductivity	The flow of electric current without resistance in certain metals and alloys at temperatures near absolute zero.
tube settler	Device using bundles of tubes to let solids in water settle to the bottom for removal by sludge.
radioactive waste	the byproduct of nuclear reactions that gives off (usually harmful) radiation.
in-situ flushing	introduction of large volumes of water, at times supplemented with cleaning compounds, into soil, waste, or groundwater to flush hazardous contaminants from a site.
cumulative effect	the impact on an AQRV resulting from total pollutant loading from all sources including the contributing effects of new and modified sources of air pollution
labeled	Items to which a label, trademark, or other identifying mark of nationally recognized testing labs has been attached to identify the items as having been tested and meeting appropriate standards.
squeeze	Pressure on a particular delivery date which makes the price of that date higher in relation to other dates
nonpotable	not suitable for drinking
microsegregation	Segregation with a grain, crystal or small particle
climatic optimum	Warmest period during the Holocene epoch
arrhenius acid-base theory	The idea that in aqueous solution acids dissociate to produce hydrogen ions and bases dissociate to produce hydroxide ions.
bill	a proposed law, to be debated and voted on.
strangle	The simultaneous sale (or purchase) of out of the money calls and out of the money puts for the same date.
drainage pattern	Geometric pattern that a stream's channels take in the landscape
pgsvrmain	A process that is attached to the Shared Page Cache that performs one of a number of maintenance tasks: free frame management (Free Frame Page Servers), page management (AIO Page Servers), and local communication on behalf of remote gems.
hard zinc	A form of scrap zinc that accumulates at the bottom of a galvanizing bath.
indirect discharge	Introduction of pollutants from a non-domestic source into a publicly owned wastewater treatment system
mifid	Markets in Financial Instruments Directive
freecutting steels	Steels which have had additions made to improve machinability
mtu	Short for metric ton unit
liquidation	Closing out of a long position
moratorium	legislative action which prevents a federal agency from taking a specific action or implementing a specific law.
fungible	Interchangeable
convergence	Horizontal inflow of wind into an area
oc4f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Fraction 4 (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88335; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
bof	Abbreviation for basic oxygen furnace
non-magnetic	Most non-ferrous metals are non-magnetic, except nickel and cobalt, which are strongly magnetic
mg	Chemical symbol for Magnesium.
proton	A sub-particle of an atom that contains a positive charge.
natural resource	any form of matter or energy obtained from the environment that meets human needs.
risk management	The management of metal price risk on an ongoing basis by the use of futures and options with a view to containing the impact of adverse price movements and enhancing profitability
amide	An organic compound containing the -CONH2- group (see below)
fatigue	The effect on metal of repeated cycles of stress
reduction factor	Dose rate without a shield divided by the dose rate with a shield interposed between a source and a point at which radiation is measured.
nitrogen dioxide	A gas produced during combustion by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen
solitaire	Solitaire is a piece of jewelry that features a solo stone
authorised dealer	An individual authorised to deal on the floor of the LME for a Ring dealing broker
percolating water	Water that passes through rocks or soil under the force of gravity.
absorption coefficient	a number that is proportional to the "amount" of light removed from a sight path by absorption per unit distance.
quicksilver water	A solution of mercury nitrate used in gilding.
indicator	Any biological entity or process, or community whose characteristics show the presence of specific environmental conditions or pollutants.
reservoir	A natural or artificial holding area used to store water.
suspension	Erosional movement of sediment continually held in the transport medium of air, water or ice.
vascular plant	Plant that has vascular tissues to transport water, nutrients, and other metabolic products.
tensile test	A standard test piece is gripped at either end by suitable apparatus in a testing machine which slowly exerts an axial pull so that the steel is stretched until it breaks
drawing	The process of pulling metal wire, rods, or bars
drug	Any chemical compound used for medicianal purposes can be considered a drug
pou-treatment	Point-Of-Use treatment
recumbent fold	A fold in which the axial plane is almost horizontal.
shape	Non-ferrous; a loose term for unwrought metal forms designed for semi-fabrication such as billet and rolling slab
caaa	Clean Air Act Amendments (generally refers to Clean Air Act Amendments of 1999)
recharge rate	the quantity of water per unit of time that replenishes or refills an aquifer.
bergschrund	A deep crevasse commonly found at the head of an alpine glacier
leachate collection system	a system that gathers leachate and pumps it to the surface for treatment.
foot wall	The wall or the rock on the underside of a vein or ore deposit.
cell wall	found in prokaryotic plants and it provides structural support and protection.
outcrop	Area of exposed bedrock at the Earth's surface with no overlying deposits of soil or regolith.
elution	Recovery of the gold from the activated carbon into solution before zinc precipitation or electro-winning.
bar screen	in wastewater treatment, a device used to remove large solids from the incoming wastewater stream.
hanging valley	A secondary valley that enters a main valley at an elevation well above the main valley's floor
mineralization	The process or processes by which mineral or minerals are introduced into a rock, resulting in a valuable or potentially valuable deposit.
eukaryote	Organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and many specialized structures located within their cell boundary
disseminated ore	Said of a mineral deposit (esp
interstate water	according to law, interstate waters are defined as (1) rivers, lakes and other waters that flow across or form a part of state or international boundaries; (2) waters of the Great Lakes; (3) coastal waters whose scope has been defined to include ocean waters seaward to the territorial limits and waters along the coastline (including inland streams) influenced by the tide.
greenway	undeveloped land usually in cities, set aside or used for recreation or conservation.
reduction of area	The percentage decrease in the cross- sectional area of a tensile test piece caused by wasting or necking of the specimen
intrinsic semiconductor	An undoped semiconductor.
photodissociation	The splitting of a molecule by photon normally from the Sun.
limiting factor	Abiotic condition that most controls the growth of a species
semi-continuous casting	See Continuous casting.
force majeure	The clause in an ore, metal, alloy or scrap supply contract which allows the seller not to deliver or the buyer not to take delivery of the contracted material because of events beyond his control
stormwater discharge	precipitation that does not infiltrate into the ground or evaporate due to impervious land surfaces but instead flows onto adjacent land or water areas and is routed into drain/sewer systems.
attenuation	(l) The ratio of the input to output power levels in a network (transmission line) when it is excited by a matched source and terminated in a matched load
certificate of water right	an official document which serves as court evidence of a perfected water right.
impact test	A test designed to give information on how a
guild	a group of species or organisms that use the same environmental resources (habitat, food source, etc.) or life history strategy (such as reproduction) in the same way.
ph field	VIEWS parameter: Field pH; Description: The pH of the sample as measured in the field laboratory, reported as the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration.; Type Code: MET; Units: PH UNITS
report	Organized and formatted data, often displayed as a web page or data file.
distance ratio	Method for measuring the gradient of a slope
heat	In steel making terms this is often used to define the batch or cast produced from a single melting operation.
en	Series of European standards.
cyanophytes	One type of prokaryote (cell without a nucleus).
neptunium 237	A fissionable, artificial isotope that can be used to produce nuclear explosives
artificial radioactivity	Particles such as protons, alpha particles or neutrons can enter the nucleus of another atom when made to travel very fast
nh4	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Ion; Description: Ammonium Ion; CAS Number: 14798-03-9; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
epa	Environmental Protection Agency. The federal regulatory agency responsible for protecting environmental quality throughout the nation
contact resistance	Maximum permitted electrical resistance of pin and socket contacts when assembled in a connector under typical service use.
loam	A soil that contains a roughly equal mixture of clay, sand, and silt
polar vortex	High pressure system located in the upper atmosphere at the polar regions
continental slope	Steeply sloping portion of continental crust found between the continental shelf and continental rise.
deliquescence	Deliquescence describes the characteristic of some solids to absorb water and eventually dissolve
hydroelectric plant	electric power plant in which the energy of falling water is used to spin a turbine generator to produce electricity.
iron	Symbol:"Fe" Atomic Number:"26" Atomic Mass: 55.85amu
hot rolling	On a hot rolling line pre-heated steel (often in the form of slab, billet or bloom) are squeezed between heavy rolls
basalt plateau	Extensive continental deposits of basaltic volcanic rock.
cme group	The world's largest futures markets operator, formed from the merger of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex).
cor-ten®	A corrosion-resistant weathering steel.
skills board	Teaching aids used in the Whitewater Voyage's Guide Schools which provide hands on practice in various swiftwater rescue skills.
sef	VIEWS parameter: Selenium (Fine); CAS Number: 7782-49-2; AQS Code: 88154; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
prompt	For immediate delivery
graupel	A type of precipitation that consists of a snow crystal and a raindrop frozen together
sewage sludge	Sludge produced in a public sewer.
optimum	The level of an abiotic factor or condition in the environment within the tolerance range at which a species or population can function most efficiently or with the greatest positive effect to its physiological or reproductive fitness.
ethanol	The two-carbon alcohol present in the greatest proportion upon the fermentation of grain and other organic matter, such as potatoes, sugar or timber
alpha particle	Inside the nucleus of an atom there is a melange of mobile positive protons and neutral neutrons
infill drilling	Drilling of a well between known producing wells to better exploit the reservoir.
mica	Silicate mineral that exhibits a platy crystal structure and perfect cleavage
roller wave	A reversal
cross-contamination	a condition created when a drill hole, boring, or improperly constructed well forms a pathway for fluid movement between a saturated zone which contains pollutants and a formerly separated saturated zone containing uncontaminated groundwater
water quality criteria	scientifically derived ambient limits developed and updated by EPA, under section 304(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act, for specific pollutants of concern
siemens process	A commercial method of making purified silicon.
cobalt 60	A radioisotope of the element cobalt.
sherardizing	A process developed in Britain in 1904 by Sherard
dead end	the end of a water main that is not connected to other parts of the distribution system.
tensile strength	The maximum load applied in breaking a tensile test piece divided by the original cross-sectional area of the test piece
epithermal	a hydrothermal ore deposit formed at lower temperatures (50-200 ºC) and depths (1 km) Exploration - Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond-drilling and other work involved in searching for ore.
slate	A fine grained metamorphic rock with well developed bedding planes derived from the slight recrystrallization of shale.
movement	A term used in geography that deals with the migration, transport, communication, and interaction of natural and human-made phenomena across the spatial dimension.
esr	Electro slag refined
limiting ruling section	The maximum diameter of cross section of a bar or component in which certain specified mechanical properties are achieved after heat treatment.
carboxyl group	Carboxyl groups are chemical functional groups with one carbon, one hydrogen, and two oxygen atoms (COOH)
gold	Symbol:"Au" Atomic Number:"79" Atomic Mass: 196.97amu
interconnection agreement	An agreement made between two power utilities to govern the operation of interconnections between their systems
condensation	A process by which molecules in the atmosphere collide and adhere to small particles.
mass	Refers to the amount of material found in an object (usually of unit volume).
compound	A compound is the atoms of different elements joined together.
dom	Drawn over mandrel
r horizon	Soil horizon found beneath the C horizon
overbank flow	Movement of flood waters outside a stream channel during period of high discharge.
proterozoic	Geologic eon that occurred from 570 to 2500 million years ago
dwell time	The time in each operational pulse which is not burn time.
indium oxide	A wide band gap semiconductor that can be heavily doped with tin to make a highly conductive, transparent thin film
loans and receivables	A financial asset with fixed or determinable repayments that are not quoted in an active market, other than, a derivative instrument, or a financial asset classified as available for sale.
paleozoic	Geologic era that occurred from 570 to 245 million years ago.
flora	the total vegetation assemblage that inhabits an area.
presentation	The method used to show ultrasonic information
kilowatt-hour	A unit of energy equal to the work done by one kilowatt acting for one hour
tbc	to be confirmed
welded tube	(i) Small-diameter steel or aluminium tube roll-formed from strip and longitudinally HF welded
fall	Season between summer and winter
radarsat	Satellite program established by the Canadian Space Agency for the purpose of remotely sensing the Earth's resources
paleoclimate	Climatic conditions in the geological past reconstructed from a direct or indirect data source.
ei	Emission Inventory
rad	The unit of absorbed dose of energy from ionizing radiation in living systems
bq	Becquerel
exchange-traded fund	An investment fund that is traded on stock exchanges
residual stress	The stress which exists in an elastic solid body in the absence of, or in addition to, the stresses caused by an external load
mesotrophic	Reservoirs and lakes which contain moderate quantities of nutrients and are moderately productive in terms of aquatic animal and plant life.
inosilicate	Subclass of the silicate class of minerals
photometry	instrumental methods, including analytical methods, employing measurement of light intensity
mutation	Change in the structure of a gene or chromosome.
stress-corrosion cracking	Failure by cracking under combined action or corrosion and a tensile stress, either external (applied) or internal (residual)
source region	Area where air masses originate and come to possess their moisture and temperature characteristics.
xenobiotic	Any biological substance, displaced from its normal habitat; a chemical foreign to a biological system.
feathering a blade	On the return, knifing an oar or paddle blade through the air.
hedge	To offset a position in one market with an equal and opposite position in another market
supercritical flow	flow characterized by high velocity and a Froude number greater than 1
barometer	Instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
specialist species	Species that have a relatively narrow ecological niche
breeder reactor	see Fast Breeder Reactor and Fast Neutron Reactor.
technical analysis	See chartist.
pavilion depth percentage	Pavilion depth expressed as a percentage of the diameter
ets	environmental tobacco smoke
polluted runoff	precipitation that captures pollution from agricultural lands, urban streets, parking lots and suburban lawns, and transports it to rivers, lakes or oceans.
drought	Term applied to periods of less than average precipitation over a certain period of time.
load	Anything in an electrical circuit that, when the circuit is turned on, draws power from that circuit.
carbon steel	A steel whose properties are determined primarily by the amount of carbon present
evapotranspiration	The loss of water from the soil through vaporizing, both by direct evaporation and by transpiration from plants.
ultrasonic spectrum	Usually, the frequency range from 20,000 to 107 hertz
pcm2_so4	VIEWS parameter: PCM2 SO4; CAS Number: 14808-79-8; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
crt	See cathode ray tube.
designated area	An area that is either controlled or supervised.
minority carrier	A current carrier, either an electron or a hole, that is in the minority in a specific layer of a semiconductor material; the diffusion of minority carriers under the action of the cell junction voltage is the current in a photovoltaic device.
francium	Symbol:"Fr" Atomic Number:"87" Atomic Mass: (223)amu
r/c	Refining charge made by a copper refiner for refining anode copper
frm_ec_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH FRM Equivalent EC PM2.5; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
attenuator	A device for causing or measuring attenuation
ozone	A strongly oxidant gas produced from oxygen
chelating agents	Organic compounds that have the ability to draw ion from their water solutions into soluble complexes.
limits of proportionality	The stress (load divided by original area of cross section of the test piece) at which the strain (elongation per unit of gauge length) ceases to be proportional to the corresponding stress
alteration	changes in the chemical or mineralogical composition of a rock, generally produced by weathering or hydrothermal solutions
ion-berstein wave	A plasma wave named after the discoverer, I.B
hydro-core lift drilling	a Soviet style reverse circulation drilling technique which uses water to lift the core sample from the bottom of the hole to surface.
boiling point	The boiling point is the temperature when a liquid begins to boil and becomes a gas or vapor
risk analysis	A detailed examination including risk assessment, risk evaluation, and risk management alternatives; performed to understand the nature of unwanted negative consequences to human life, health, property, or the environment; an analytical process to provide information regarding undesirable events; the process of quantifying the probabilities and expected consequences of identified risks.
minor metals	Non-ferrous metals of smaller volume of international trade and frequently higher value than base metals
cfu	colony forming units. Concentrations of water quality indicator organisms such as fecal coliform bacteria are measured in cfu/100 ml.
bed load	the particles in a stream channel that mainly move by bouncing, sliding, or rolling on or near the bottom of the stream.
frost	a covering of minute ice crystals on a cold surface.
hydrostatic equilibrium	A state that occurs when compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient which creates a pressure gradient force in the opposite direction
cell	A cell is the smallest self-functioning unit found in living organisms
nif	VIEWS parameter: Nickel (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-02-0; AQS Code: 88136; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
gold equivalent	Gold equivalent ounces include silver ounces produced and sold, converted to a gold equivalent based on a ratio of the average spot market price for the commodities for each year.
psi	Acronym for pounds per square inch, a unit of measurement for stress, strength, and modulus of elasticity.
shore	An instrument that measures the hardness of a sample in
three gorges	a project along the Yangtze river in China to build the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.
emea	Acronym for Europe, Middle East and Africa.
stop	A limit on the number of trades which can be matched.
endangered species	species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range.
chelate	Organic substances that cause the chemical process of chelation.
adsorption	the adhesion of a substance to the surface of a solid or liquid
andesite	a variety of volcanic rock
photovoltaic peak watt	Maximum "rated" output of a cell, module, or system
magnetically hard alloy	A ferromagnetic alloy capable of being magnetized permanently because of its ability to retain induced magnetization and magnetic poles after removal of externally applied fields; an alloy with high coercive force
energy levels	The energy represented by an electron in the band model of a substance.
symbiotic mutualism	Mutualistic interaction where the species interact physically and their relationship is biologically essential for survival.
quenching crack	A fracture, often termed a hardening crack, which arises
brachytherapy	Radiation treatment of a patient using sealed or unsealed sources of radiation placed within the patient's body.
sol	scrape off layer
acid deposition	air pollution produced when acid chemicals are incorporated into rain, snow, fog, or mist.
talik	An unfrozen section of ground found above, below, or within a layer of discontinuous permafrost
cross-connection	any actual or potential connection between a drinking water system and an unapproved water supply or other source of contamination.
enforcement	legal methods used to make polluters obey the Clean Air Act
wood's metal	Alloy which melts at less than the temperature of boiling water
vod	Vacuum Oxygen decarburisation
rope chain	Two twisted metal chains are looped together, to create a chain that resembles a length of rope.
zone of accumulation	Area of a glacier where additions of snow exceed losses of ice from melting, evaporation, and sublimation.
surface layer	A concentration of air pollution that extends from the ground to an elevation where the top edge of a pollution layer is visible.
berm	Low hill of sand that forms along coastal beaches.
o/d	Outside diameter (of tube etc.).
s_rayleigh	VIEWS parameter: Site Rayleigh; Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
ines	International Nuclear Event Scale
peak flow	in a wastewater treatment plant, the highest flow expected to be encoutered under any operational conditions, including periods of high rainfall and prolonged periods of wet weather.
boundary conditions	definition or statement of conditions or phenomena at the boundaries of a model; water levels, flows, and concentrations that are specified at the boundaries of the area being modeled.
balance of trade	The difference between receipts from foreign sources for a nation's goods and services, and payments to foreign sources for imported goods and services.
dystrophic lakes	Acidic bodies of water that contain many plants but few fish, due to the presence of great amounts of organic matter.
so2_whatman	VIEWS parameter: Sulfur dioxide from whatman; Description: Sulfur dioxide from CASTNet filter pack, whatman filter (used with SO4_nylon to calculate SO2); CAS Number: 7446-09-5; Type Code: UNS; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
cost of finance	The cost of maintaining a physical cash position
nitrogen	Nitrogen is a gas that forms approximately 79% by volume or 77% by weight of the atmosphere
anodizing	The electrolytic deposition of a metal oxide film to serve as a protective layer.
ingates	The channels through which molten metal enters the mold cavity
bow	Front of a boat
threshold pollutant	substance that is harmful to a particular organism only above a certain concentration, or threshold level.
olivine	A mineral family containing the gemstone peridot.
band	A band is a ring that is made from a thin, flat, ribbon-like strip of material (usually metal)
evaporation ponds	Areas where sewage sludge is dumped and dried.
curb link chain	A chain with oval links that are twisted to lie flat.
spring tide	Tide that occurs every 14 to 15 days and coincides with the new and full moon
premium	Charge negotiated by a seller of an asset that is supplementary to a benchmark as part of a strategy designed to establish a strong correlation with a futures market and minimise basis risk
wilderness	land remaining in basically wild (i.e., undisturbed) condition, with few if any traces of human activities.
sae	Society of Automotive Engineers (USA)
alternating current	Electric current in which the direction of flow is reversed at frequent intervals: usually 100 or 120 times per second (50 or 60 cycles per second or 50//60 Hz).
transmissivity	The ability of an aquifer to transmit water.
induction hardening	A widely used process for the surface
correlative rights	rights that are coequal or that relate to one another, so that any one owner cannot take more than his share.
inferior planet	A planet that orbits between the Earth and the Sun
cif	Cost insurance and freight
appraisal	A written estimate of the approximate retail replacement value of the item described
pretreatment	processes used to reduce, eliminate, or alter the nature of wastewater pollutants from non-domestic sources before they are discharged into publicly owned treatment works (POTWs).
cabochon	A highly polished, unfaceted gemstone cut into the shape of a small dome.
ti	Chemical symbol for Titanium.
system)	See 'Grid-connected (Photovoltaic system).'
molecule	A molecule is two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds
drawing	temperatures (normally 250-300 deg C) which under
chl	Chloride
cohort studies	Cohort studies examine the relationships between long-term exposure (of many years) to air pollutants and indices of ill-health
mm5	Mesoscale Meteorological Model
crevice corrosion	Localized corrosion resulting from the formation of a concentration cell in a crevice between two surfaces.
discontinued operation	A component of an entity that, pursuant to a single plan, has been disposed of or abandoned or is classified as held for sale until conditions precedent to the sale have been fulfilled.
prompt date	The date at which a futures contract is due to be delivered against or cash-settled, or the date at which an option is due to be exercised or expire.
hydrogen bomb	- See Types of Nuclear Bombs
hardpan	Impervious layer found within the soil
isotropy	A condition in which significant medium properties (velocity, for example) are the same in all directions.
properzi	Proprietary process
langley	Unit of the intensity of radiation measured per minute and equal to one calorie.
stationary front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where there is little movement of opposing air masses and winds blow towards the front from opposite directions.
needle ice	A form of periglacial ground ice that consists of groups ice slivers at or immediately below the ground surface
carbo-nitriding	A case-hardening process in which steel components are heated in an atmosphere containing both carbon and nitrogen.
si system	International System of Units
boat/raft	These words are interchangeable.
hardness	A substance's hardness is how resistant it is to being scratched
temporary voluntary allowance	A price discount instituted voluntarily by a supplier, usually in recognition of competitive factors.
old growth forest	Climax forests dominated by late successional species of trees that are hundreds to thousands of years old
inhalable particulate matter	Particles smaller than about 12 micrometers in diameter, capable of being drawn into the human bronchial system
sun angle	Refers to the angle of the sun above the horizon of the earth.
hydrophobic interactions	Interactions between molecules in which nonpolar portions of the molecule tend to avoid interaction with polar water molecules
stochastic effects of radiation	Effects that occur by chance and which may occur without a threshold level of dose, whose probability is proportional to the dose and whose severity is independent of the dose
contact resistance	The resistance between metallic contacts and the semiconductor.
ozone	An atmospheric gas consisting of three atoms of oxygen in the molecule.
galaxy	An assemblage of millions to hundreds of billions of stars.
peat	Partially decomposed remains of plants that once flourished in a waterlogged environment.
calcite	Mineral formed from calcium carbonate
sunrise	Moment of time when the Sun's edge first appears above the Earth's horizon.
perihelion	The point in the orbit of a body when it is closest to the Sun.
foundry	(i) Place where castings are made
rebar	Short for reinforcing bar
hadley cell	Three-dimensional atmospheric circulation cell located at roughly 0 to 30° North and South of the equator
primer	Short preexisting polynucleotide chain to which DNA polymerase can add new deoxyribonucleotides.
databrowser tabs	The series of simulated "folder tabs" that appear along the top of the main Data Browser panel
future	A standardised contract or agreement that requires the counterparties to buy or sell a fixed amount of commodity or a financial instrument at a later date at a specified price.
stratocumulus clouds	Low altitude gray colored cloud composed of water droplets that has a patchy appearance
groundwater	water within the earth that supplies wells and springs; water in the zone of saturation where all openings in rocks and soil are filled, the upper surface of which forms the water table.
pom	Particulate organic matter (see OMC).
sublimation	The transitions of water directly from the solid state to the gaseous state, without passing through the liquid state.
exotic stream	A stream that has a course that begins in a humid climate and end in an arid climate
ozone	An unstable oxidizing agent, that consists of three oxygen atoms and can be found in the ozone layer in the atmosphere
cross flow filtration	A process that uses opposite flows across a membrane surface to minimize particle build-up.
cytosol	The 'fluid' portion of the cell, it is made up of water and many free proteins and other elements - all except the organelles.
f	Chemical symbol for Fluorine.
leaching	The process by which soluble constituents are dissolved and filtered through the soil by a percolating fluid.
northeast trade winds	See trade winds.
fermentation	Decomposition and breakdown of organic matter by anaerobic means.
synthesis	When you take two elements or compounds and combine them to create a new compound.
negative thermoie heat exchange	In shell molding, improving the mass-surface ratio by simulating profile geometry of pattern or core cavity on the underside; will boost running temperature of high projections by 25 percent.
science	Science is a way of acquiring knowledge
test surface	That surface of the test object at which the ultrasonic energy enters or leaves.
nuclear waste	Waste produced within the nuclear enterprise
qm	quality management
tensile strength	The standard representation of the tensile strength of a piece of steel is the maximum load applied to destruction/failure divided by the original cross-sectional area of the test piece.
isotope	An atomic form of an element having a particular number of neutrons
carbon steel	Ordinary unalloyed steel.
brooch	A brooch (also called a pin) is an ornament that can be pinned to a garment.
municipal discharge	discharge of effluent from treatment plants that receive wastewater from households, commercial establishments, and industries.
precious metals	As the name suggest the precious metals and stones are those metals and stones which are rarely found and have more worth in the world market.
physicist	Scientist who studies and works with matter, energy, and motion.
veto	a Presidential action rejecting a bill as passed by the U.S
carbon	Diamonds are made of pure carbon that has been subjected to and crystallised under enormous heat and pressure
tailored blank	Steel pre-cut from a coil or sheet delivered to a press shop for drawing to final shape
polysaccharide	These are very complicated carbohydrates made of simple sugars (glucose, fructose) in long chains
ccr	Continuous cast rod
step bolt	A bolt or rung attached at intervals along a structural member and used for foot placement during climbing or standing.
sedimentary basin	A geographical area where much of the rock is sedimentary and likely to contain hydrocarbons.
in-fill drilling	any method of drilling intervals between existing holes, used to provide greater geological detail and to help establish reserve estimates
chemosynthesis	Process in which specific autotrophic organisms extract inorganic compounds from their environment and convert them into organic nutrient compounds without the use of sunlight
water supply system	The collection, treatment, storage, and distribution of water from source to consumer.
zinc alloy	An electroplated combination of zinc with at least one other metallic elements, normally intended for improved strength, corrosion resistance or aesthetic appeal.
acid rain	Rain (or snow) that contains an abnormal amount of acid resulting from high atmospheric concentrations of carbon, sulfur, or nitrogen oxides
adsorption	If any compound, solid, liquid or gas, is loosely held by weak attraction to the surface of a solid it is said to have undergone adsorption
net smelter return	A royalty based on a percentage of gold produced with settlement made either in kind or in currency based on the spot gold sale proceeds received less the cost of refining at an off-site refinery.
ccp	Central counterparty
credit limit	The maximum amount of credit an LME broker will extend to a client to meet margin calls
radionuclides	A radioisotope.
transmission lines	Pipelines that transport raw water from its source to a water treatment plant.
glacial lake	A natural impoundment of meltwater at the front of a glacier.
tempering	A heat treatment applied to ferrous products
secondary substance	Organic chemical produced by a plant that has no direct function in its metabolism
offer	The price the seller asks for the commodity on offer
gauge	The thickness of a sheet or coil of steel.
global warming	increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface.
braided stream	Shallow stream channel that is subdivided into a number of continually shifting smaller channels that are separated by bar deposits.
haematite	A major type of iron ore
toxic emissions	poisonous chemicals discharged to air, water, or land.
lone pair	A pair of electrons not involved in bond formation.
atactic	A polymer is atactic if the groups attatched to the backbone are not arranged in any regular geometric pattern
discoloration	Any change in the apparent color of an image
keeper	A reversal capable of trapping araft for long periods
cold working	Altering the shape or size of a metal by plastic
continental shelf break	Boundary zone between the continental shelf and slope.
low siding	Moving people on to the low side of a boat usually to squeeze through a narrow channel.
dross	Partly oxidised scum floating on the top of molten metal
parts per million	Expressed as ppm; a measure of concentration
disulfide bond	Covalent disulfide bonds form during the tertiary structure of protein synthesis
armored cable	A cable provided with a wrapping of metal, usually steel wires or tapes, primarily for the purpose of mechanical protection.
breakthrough	Crack or break in a filter bed that allows the passage of floc or particulate matter through a filter.
backflow	The flow of water in a medium in a direction opposite to normal flow
mortality	death
diffused solar radiation	Solar radiation received by the Earth's atmosphere or surface that has been modified by atmospheric scattering.
creek	a watercourse smaller than, and often tributary to, a river.
carcinogen	Any dissolved pollutant that can induce cancer.
connector discontinuity	An ohmic change in contact resistance.
iridescent	An iridescent object displays many lustrous, changing colors
isocure	Proprietary name for a binder system developed for use in Ashland (Cold Box) Process, itself a proprietary process.
pellet	(i) In iron ore, fines are blended with clay and rolled into pellets of 6 – 10mm diameter and sintered to make a suitable charge to the blast furnace or for direct reduction
epa	United States Environmental Protection Agency; the EPA is responsible for researching and setting national standards for environmental programs, and delegates the responsibility for issuing permits and for monitoring and enforcing compliance
cardinal points	The four main navigational directions (North, East, South, and West) found on a compass or a map.
gas-centrifuge process	See "centrifuge process."
endothermic	A chemical change in which there is absorption of heat.
glacial retreat	The backwards movement of the snout of a glacier.
fracture	An internal or external imperfection which may have developed three million years ago or last week as a result of trauma (usually a hard impact)
leaf drip	The rain water that fall to the ground surface from plant leaves after it has been intercepted by these structures.
unconsolidated formations	naturally occurring earth formations that have not been lithified
amorphous semiconductor	A non-crystalline semiconductor material that has no long-range order.
alcohol	An organic compound containing the functional group -OH.
non-potable	Water that is unsafe or unpalatable to drink because it contains pollutants, contaminants, minerals or infective agents.
mf	VIEWS parameter: Mass, PM2.5 (Fine); Description: Gravimetric fine mass; AQS Code: 88502; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
coastal wetland	Wetland habitat found along a coastline and is covered with ocean salt water for all or part of the year
cambrian explosion	Great diversification of multicellular life forms in the Earth's oceans that started during the Cambrian about 570 million years ago.
polish	The relative smoothness of a surface, or the degree to which the finish of the surface approaches optical perfection
decalescence	A term used in reference to the absorption of
steady-state mass balance	the mathematical concept that the sum of upstream pollutant loads, each determined by the product of their concentration times flow, equals a resultant downstream load after mixing.
compensator	An electrical matching network to compensate for electrical impedance differences.
protoplasm	the living material in the cell
propagule	Structure that develops into a plant.
aec	The U.S
saturation	An ink term used to describe the perceived intensity of a specific color
energy flux	The rate of energy flow from, into, or through a substance.
foreshock	Small earth tremors that occur seconds to weeks before a significant earthquake event.
power density	Power density is the ratio of the power to volume (units of kW per liter) or power to (units of kW per kg) of a device (e.g., a fuel cell stack).
cold front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where an advancing cold air mass displaces a warm air mass.
micum index	A measure of the strength of blast furnace coke
amino group	An organic compound containing the -NH2- group
acoustic microscopy	A general term referring to the use of high resolution, high frequency ultrasonic techniques to produce images of surface or near surface features.
continuous casting	A method of producing blooms, billets and slabs in long lengths using water cooled moulds
prompt date	See delivery date.
sportyak	A one-man, 7-foot rowboat of rigid plastic with spray shields jutting up from bow and stem.
nutrient	Any substance that promotes growth with living organisms
bay	A body of sheltered water found in a crescent shaped coastal configuration of land.
fission	Process of splitting the nucleus of a heavy atom into two or more lighter atoms when the heavy atom absorbs a neutron
stratosphere	Atmospheric layer found at an average altitude of 11 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface
riffle	Bar deposit found on the bed of streams
declaration date	The date on which the buyer's right to exercise his option expires if not declared
program	An organized effort to obtain related environmental data on a regular or periodic basis, usually by means of the routine operation of a monitoring network or special study
grain	Orderly arrangement of atoms or crystal structure
cone of depression	natural depression in the water table around a well during pumping.
snow line	Altitudinal or latitudinal limit separating zones where snow does not melt during the summer season from areas in which it does
weir	A spill over device used to measure or control water flows.
decarburisation	The loss of carbon from the surface of steel as a result of heating in a carbon weak atmosphere
residual saturation	saturation level below which fluid drainage will not occur.
allotropy	The property possessed by certain elements to exist in two or more distinct forms that are chemically identical but have different physical properties
ion	A charged atom or molecularly bound group of atoms; sometimes also a free electron or other charged subatomic particle.
deep etching	Severe etching of a metallic surface for examination at a magnification of ten diameters or less to reveal gross features such as segregation, cracks, porosity or grain flow.
eurometal	Organisation representing European steel, tube and metal distributors.
grounding equipment conductor	The conductor used to connect the noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other enclosures to the system grounded conductor, the grounding electrode conductor, or both, of the circuit at the service equipment or at the source of a separately derived system.
brine	Highly salty and heavily mineralised water, containing heavy metal and organic contaminants.
trihalomethanes	chemical compounds in which three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms
runaway electrons	Those electrons in a plasma that gain energy from an applied electrical field at a faster rate than they lose it through collision with other particles
silicate mineral	A mineral that is made up of compounds with a silicon oxide group or silicon atom bonded to a metal
oxidation pond	A man-made body of water in which waste is consumed by bacteria.
homogenous nucleation	Process by which gases interact and combine with droplets made up of their own kind
septic system	an on-site system designed to treat and dispose of domestic sewage
photovoltaic module	The smallest environmentally protected, essentially planar assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, [and protective devices such as diodes] intended to generate DC power under unconcentrated sunlight
litterfall	Movement of leaves, twigs and other forms of organic matter from the biosphere to the litter layer found in soil.
tornado watch	A forecast issued to the public that a tornado may occur in a specified region.
undiscovered recoverable resources	Oil or gas resources outside of known fields, estimated from broad geological knowledge and theory.
external cost	cost of production or consumption that must be borne by society; not by the producer.
cmd	"Command" - The ID of the SQL command to use
phase velocity	The velocity of a single frequency continuous wave.
potential energy	Capability to produce energy
covering a short	Purchasing futures contracts to cancel out an earlier sale and close a short position.
amplifier	A device to increase or amplify electric impulses.
confining bed or unit	a body of impermeable or distinctly less permeable material stratigraphically adjacent to one or more aquifers.
heads	The clamping contacts on a stationary magnetizing unit.
boulder garden	A rapid densely strewn with boulders that necessitate intricate maneuvering.
precipitate	The solid product of chemical reaction by fluids such as the zinc precipitation referred to below.
market order	An order to buy or sell a futures contract at the first obtainable price or prices on the market for the tonnage involved
aethalometer	An aerosol monitoring instrument that continuously measures particle light absorption (aerosol black carbon) on a quartz fiber filter.
dose	The amount of ionizing radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of irradiated material at a specific location, such as a part of the human body
tolerance range	Limits of tolerance a species has to an abiotic factor or condition in the environment.
back-up rolls	The rolls that have direct contact with a slab or coil being worked at a mill, the work rolls are subject to enormous forces
time temperature	An isothermal transformation diagram
assay	The independent evaluation of the physicochemical composition of a metal or alloy to determine its degree of purity
two-crystal method	Use of 2 crystals for sending and receiving
brightness	A measure of the light received from an object, adjusted for the wavelength response of the human eye, so as to correspond to the subjective sensation of brightness
thorium	Radioactive element with an atomic number of 90 and an atomic weight of 232
coral reef	Ridge of limestone found generally below the ocean surface
drainage divide	Topographic border between adjacent drainage basins or watersheds.
aquitard	geological formation that may contain groundwater but is not capable of transmitting significant quantities of it under normal hydraulic gradients
acsr	Acronym for aluminium conductor steel reinforced
clearing house	An independent body appointed or owned by an exchange to clear and guarantee business transacted between member brokers
karat	Karat (abbreviated Kt) is a measure of the fineness of gold
mad	A military doctrine of deterrence that began to emerge at the end of the Kennedy administration
base load capacity	Electricity-generating equipment that operates to meet the demand that continues throughout the year.
gallium arsenide	A crystalline high-efficiency semiconductor/photovoltaic material.
chemical pollution	Introduction of chemical contaminants into a water body.
air quality standards	Concentrations recorded over a given time period, which are considered to be acceptable in terms of what is scientifically known about the effects of each pollutant on health and on the environment
free ground water	water in interconnected pore spaces in the zone of saturation down to the first impervious barrier, moving under the control of the water table slope.
depth compensation	See distance amplitude correction.
radionuclide	A radioactive isotope of an element.
paternoster lakes	A linear series of mountain valley lakes that are formed from glacial erosion
wetland	Natural land-use type that is covered by salt water or fresh water for some time period
specific gravity	The weight of a particular volume of any substance, compared with the weight of an equal volume of water
so4	VIEWS parameter: Sulfate Ion; Description: Sulfate Ion; CAS Number: 14808-79-8; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
manganese greensand	Manganese Greensand is formulated from a glauconite greensand which is capable of reducing iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from water through oxidation and filtration.
wastewater	The spent or used water from a home, community, farm, or industry that contains dissolved or suspended matter.
clarity	Relative distinctness or sharpness of perceived scene elements.
yield point	The first stress in a material, less than the maximum attainable stress, at which an increase in stress
collimator	A device for limiting the effects of beam spread.
critical	Critical mass is the minimum mass of fissionable material required to sustain a nuclear fission reaction
min_bp	VIEWS parameter: Minimum barometric pressure; Description: Minimum barometric pressure during sampling; Type Code: MET
ocean floor	Flat plain found at the bottom of the ocean
bezel setting	A bezel setting is a way of setting a stone in which the stone is held by a band of metal around the outside of the stone.
mesa	A flat topped hill that rises sharply above the surrounding landscape
liner	a relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside a landfill; an insert or sleeve for sewer pipes to prevent leakage or infiltration.
detritus	Shed tissues, dead body parts, and waste products of organisms
well monitoring	measurement by on-site instruments or laboratory methods of well water quality.
half-life	The time required for a pollutant to lose one-half of its original concentraton.
water column	an imaginary column extending through a water body from its floor to its surface
obsidian	Obsidian is volcanic glass formed from molten lava that cooled so quickly that no crystalline structure had time to form inside
saturation	the condition of a liquid when it has taken into solution the maximum possible quantity of a given substance at a given temperature and pressure.
precipitable water	Amount of water potentially available in the atmosphere for precipitation
stop-loss order	A futures market order which becomes a market order to buy only if the market advances to a specified level or to sell only if the market declines to a specified level
dredge	a fishing method that utilizes a bag dragged behind a vessel that scrapes the ocean bottom, usually to catch shellfish
crucible	A vessel made of material that does not melt easily; used for high temperature applications.
unsaturated	An unsaturated solution has not reached the maximum amount of solute
promethium	Symbol:"Pm" Atomic Number:"61" Atomic Mass: (145)amu
schottky barrier	A cell barrier established as the interface between a semiconductor, such as silicon, and a sheet of metal.
zero discharge water	The principle of zero discharge is recycling of all industrial wastewater
riparian	located alongside a watercourse, typically a river.
surface water	water that flows in streams and rivers and in natural lakes, in wetlands, and in reservoirs constructed by humans.
opisometer	Mechanical device for measuring non-linear distances on maps.
who	World Health Organization
pluvial	pertaining to precipitation.
transportation	any means of conveying goods and people.
inferred mineral resource	An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity
bed stability	occurs when the average elevation of the streambed does not change significantly over time
brazing brass	An alloy of 50% copper, 50% zinc used for joining iron and steel at a lower temperature than welding.
prime broker	Brokers that act as settlement agents, provide custody for assets, provide financing for leverage and prepare daily account statements for clients
waste	Refers to radioactive wastes
urban run-off	Water from city streets domestic properties that carries pollutants into the sewer systems and receiving waters.
pmfine	Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
controlled atmosphere	A gas or mixture of gases in which steel is heated
helix nebula	The Helix nebula (NGC 7293) is a planetary nebula that has the largest angular diameter of any known planetary nebula
geographic cycle	Theory developed by William Morris Davis that models the formation of river-eroded landscapes
sedimentary rock	A rock type that has been created by the deposit and compression of sediment
galena	Lead ore.
aeration	Technique that is used with water treatment that demands oxygen supply, commonly known as aerobic biological water purification
manifest	Ship's document listing the packages in the vessel's cargo
zoisite	Zoisite is a transparent to yellowish to purple-blue gemstone found primarily in Africa, Northern Europe, Pakistan and the Pacific Northwest of the United States
household hazards	dangerous substances or conditions in human dwellings.
water withdrawal	The removal of water from some type of source, like groundwater, for some use by humans
solute	A solute is the substance to be dissolved
specific gravity	The ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an identical volume of water at a specific temperature.
water table aquifer	an aquifer confined only by atmospheric pressure (water levels will not rise in the well above the confining bed).
dose	A general term used to refer to the effect on a material that is exposed to radiation
breed	To form fissile nuclei, usually as a result of neutron capture, possibly followed by radioactive decay.
chlorine	Symbol:"Cl" Atomic Number:"17" Atomic Mass: 35.45amu
absorber	A material that readily absorbs photons to generate charge carriers (free electrons or holes).
eddy fence	The sharp boundary at the edge of an eddy between two currents of different velocity or direction
pioneer species	Plant species that dominate a community in the early stages of succession.
freezing	the change of a liquid into a solid as temperature decreases
gully	a deeply eroded channel caused by the concentrated flow of water.
jv	joint venture
gold tone	Gold coloured or electro-plated
cooling tower	large tower used to transfer the heat in cooling water from a power or industrial plant to the atmosphere either by direct evaporation or by convection and conduction.
acid dissociation constant	The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a weak acid
ria coast	An extensively carved out coast with conspicuous headlands and deep re-entrants.
transpiration	direct transfer of water from the leaves of living plants to the atmosphere
pillow	The layer of slack water that pads the upstream face of rooks andother obstructions
case	In a ferrous metal, the outer portion that has been made harder than the interior, or core.
habitat	Location where a plant or animal lives.
cast steel	A term originally applied to crucible steel and
intercontinental ballistic missile	A ballistic missile with a range of 3,400 miles or more
semi-mount	Semi-mount is a setting which is complete except for the main stone, which will be selected separately.
leak test	A test on sealed sources to assure that radioactive material is not being released.
optical monitoring	Optical monitoring refers to directly measuring the behavior of light in the ambient atmosphere.
stringers	In metals that have been hot worked, elongated patterns of impurities, or inclusions, that are aligned longitudinally
fatigue	A form of failure of metals after being subject to vibration, repetitive strain or temperature cycles.
chrysoberyl	Chrysoberyl is a transparent to yellowish-green crystal found mostly in granite and composed of the mineral beryllium aluminate
aldehyde	An organic compound containing the -CHO group (see below)
tcmf_niosh	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Total Mass (Fine) (NIOSH Adjusted); Description: OMCf_NIOSH + ECf_NIOSH; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
ion	An atom in a solution that is charged, either positively (cations) or negatively (anions).
available chlorine	A measure of the amount of chlorine available in chlorinated lime, hypochlorite compounds, and other materials.
cac	VIEWS parameter: Calcium (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-70-2; AQS Code: 83111; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
chloroplast	Organelle in a cell that contains chlorophyll and produces organic energy through photosynthesis.
chlorofluorocarbon	A family of chemicals composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine whose principal applications are that of refrigerants and industrial cleansers and whose principal drawback is the tendency to destroy the Earth's protective ozone layer.
indication	In nondestructive testing, the response from or the evidence of a discontinuity in material condition or structure.
significant influence	The ability, directly or indirectly, to participate in, but not exercise control over, the financial and operating policy decision of an entity so as to obtain economic benefit from its activities.
sulfates	those aerosols that have origins in the gas-to-aerosol conversion of sulfur dioxide; of primary interest are sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate
bof	Basic oxygen furnace
iridium	Symbol:"Ir" Atomic Number:"77" Atomic Mass: 192.22amu
galvanic corrosion	Corrosion associated with the current of a galvanic cell consisting of two dissimilar conductors in an electrolyte or two similar conductors in dissimilar electrolytes
ionization	The process or the result of any process by which a neutral atom or molecule acquires either a positive or a negative charge.
giardia	A microrganism that is commonly found in untreated surface water and can be removed by filtration
ispra guidelines	Guidelines for the assessment of Photovoltaic Plants, published by the Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities, Ispra, Italy.
polygenetic landform	Landform that shows the influence of two or more major geomorphic processes
extinction coefficient	A measure of the ability of particles or gases to absorb and scatter photons from a beam of light; a number that is proportional to the number of photons removed from the sight path per unit length
bsp	Basic Safety Principles of INSAG.
grazing	the use of grasses and other plants to feed wild or domestic herbivores such as deer, sheep and cows.
stress	Force per unit area, often thought of as a force acting through a small area within a plane
macroshrinkage	A casting defect, detectable at magnifications not exceeding ten diameters, consisting of voids in the form of stringers shorter than shrinkage cracks
straddle	The simultaneous purchase (or sometimes sale) of put and call options at the same strike price
gray	The international system (SI) unit of radiation dose expressed in terms of absorbed energy per unit mass of tissue
fuel efficiency	When a fuel is burned, the amont of useful output energy, expressed as a percentage of the theoretical energy content of the fuel
tributary	A smaller branching stream channel that flows into a main stream channel
minable reserves	Ore reserves that are known to be extractable using a given mining plan.
audit trail	A regulatory requirement for records to track the progress of a futures market order
solution gas	Natural gas in solution with crude oil under original reservoir conditions, normally produced with the crude oil.
88333	VIEWS parameter: Pk2_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Description: Pk2_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
earth rotation	Refers to the spinning of the Earth on its polar axis.
osmium	Symbol:"Os" Atomic Number:"76" Atomic Mass: 190.20amu
electrochemical	Pertaining to combined electrical and chemical action
deoxidation	Elements such as silicon and aluminium when
desalination	The removal of salt from seawater or brackish water to produce drinking water, using various techniques.
polar axis	Is a line drawn through the Earth around the planet rotates
contact metamorphism	Metamorphic rocks that have been formed in areas where volcanic activity has occurred
valley breeze	Local thermal circulation pattern found in areas of topographic relief
hydroponics	Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in water that contains dissolved nutrients (instead of in soi).
wildfire	Any wildland fire that requires a suppression response
great circle	An imaginary circle drawn on the Earth's surface that has its center synchronize to the center of the planet
nonattainment area	a geographic area in which the level of a criteria air pollutant is higher than the level allowed by the federal standards
turbidity	a cloudy condition in water due to suspended silt or organic matter.
tick	The minimum permitted price fluctuation between one trade and the next on a futures market.
smog	A mixture of air pollutants, principally ground-level ozone, produced by chemical reactions involving smog-forming chemicals
tube shell	A short, thick-walled tube for subsequent drawing down to finished size
solid	A state of matter where molecules where the mass of the substance does not have the property of flow.
mean solar day	Time it takes to complete one Earth rotation relative to the position of the Sun (for example, from midnight to midnight)
infiltration	the penetration of water through the ground surface into sub-surface soil or the penetration of water from the soil into sewer or other pipes through defective joints, connections, or manhole walls.
nodular iron	Iron of a normally gray cast iron type that has been suitably treated with a nodularizing agent so that all or the major portion of its graphitic carbon has a nodular or spherulitic form as cast
look back	A fairly rare facility in a period pricing contract, allowing the buyer to refer to a price of a day or week earlier than that when the next delivery is to be made
potential exposure	Exposure that is not expected to be delivered with certainty but that may result from an accident at a source or an event or sequence of events of a probabilistic nature, including equipment failures and operating errors.
ambient medium	material surrounding or contacting an organism (e.g., outdoor air, indoor air, water, or soil through which chemicals or pollutants can reach the organism.
tru	Transuranic element (actinide).
feather	A common naturally occurring white feather shaped inclusion, which is not visible to the naked eye. See Also: Cloud
reserves appreciation	Incremental changes in established reserves resulting from extension of existing pools and/or revisions to a previous reserves estimate and/or by application of improved recovery methods.
hff	VIEWS parameter: Hafnium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-58-6; AQS Code: 88127; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
effluent	The outlet or outflow of any system that deals with water flows, for an oxidation pond for biological water purification
extents	Objects are stored on the disk in one or more extents, which can be files in the file system, data in raw partitions, or a mixture
fcm	Futures Commission Merchant
gravity	Is the process where any body of mass found in the universe attracts other bodies with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the distance that separates them
fill	Man-made deposits of natural earth materials (e.g
saline water	water containing more than 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved solids of any type
becquerel	The SI unit of intrinsic radioactivity in a material
rondelle	A cylindrical shaped pellet
cupro-nickel	Copper with about 30% nickel
dri	Direct reduced iron
eutrophication	Enrichment of water, which causes excessive growth of aquatic plants and increasing activity of anaerobic microrganisms
gram	A gram is metric unit of measure for mass
public health	the health or physical well-being of a whole community.
exogenic	Refers to a system that is external to the Earth.
relative survival	The ratio of the proportion of cancer patients who survive for a specified number of years (e.g., 5 years) following diagnosis to the corresponding proportion in a comparable set of cancer-free individuals.
it	information technology
alcohol	An organic compound which has the general formula CnH2n+1OH, they consist of hydrocarbon chains terminated by hydroxyl groups, O-H
action	The service action to take
upper mantle	Layer of the Earth's interior extending from the base of the crust to 670 kilometers below the surface
heat treatment	A process where solid steel or components manufactured from steel are subject to treatment by heating to obtain required properties, e.g
cover	The balancing of an open position by buying (if the original position was short) or selling (if the original position was long) on the market.
salinity	amount of dissolved salts in a given volume of water.
condensation counternuclei	An instrument that counts nucleation mode particles by causing them to grow in a humid atmosphere, and observing light reflections from the individual enlarged particles.
cirrostratus clouds	High altitude sheet like clouds composed of ice crystals
capillary water	Water that moves horizontally and vertically in soils by the process of capillary action
oceanography	The scientific study of phenomena found in the world's oceans.
organic matter	Mass of matter that contains living organisms or non-living material derived from organisms
proton	A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge and a mass approximately 1, 837 times that of the electron and slightly less than that of a neutron
capesize	A large cargo vessel of typically 150,000 tonnes deadweight originally too large to go through the Suez Canal.
magnetic shear	The change in direction of the magnetic field from one nested magnetic surface to another.
contraceptive	preventing conception and pregnancy.
dispersal	An organism leaving its place or birth or activity for another location.
regulation	Maintenance of standards of performance through rules.
ppm	Parts per million (1 in 10^6).
mode	The manner in which an acoustic wave is propagated, as characterized by the particle motion in the wave (shear, Lamb, surface or longitudinal).
cor-ten	A corrosion-resistant weathering steel.
qualification test	A procedure applied to a selected set of Photovoltaic modules involving the application of defined electrical, mechanical, or thermal stress in a prescribed manner and amount
taf	VIEWS parameter: Tantalum (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-25-7; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
skelp	Heavy-gauge steel strip for forming into tube for longitudinal welding
metasediment	In geology, is sediment or sedimentary rock that shows evidence of having been subjected to metamorphism
non-clastic sedimentary rock	Sedimentary rocks that are created either from chemical precipitation and crystallization, or by the lithification once living organic matter.
natural fire sources	Combustion emissions from wildfire, wildland fire use, non-federal rangeland burning, and maintenance burning activities of wildland managers
well plug	a seal installed in a borehole or well preventing movement of fluids.
tif	VIEWS parameter: Titanium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-32-6; AQS Code: 88161; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
dendritic	Term used to describe the stream channel pattern that is completely random
shrink	Internal rupture occurring in castings due to contraction during cooling
noncontact recreation	recreational pursuits not involving a significant risk of water ingestion, including fishing, commercial and recreational boating, and limited body contact incidental to shoreline activity
dilution	Dilution occurs when a solution with a known concentration (standard solution) has more solvent added
development	Work carried out for the purpose of opening up a mineral deposit
lindane	a pesticide that causes adverse health effects when present in domestic water supplies and is toxic to freshwater fish and aquatic life.
pm10	Measure of particulate matter (pollutants from combustion and natural sources); denotes particles with a nominal size less than 10 micrometers in diameter.
qtag	Ozone transport Assessment Group
local	See day trader.
drainage well	a well drilled to carry excess water off agricultural fields
coke oven	Before being used in a blast furnace the moisture, most volatile elements and most non-carbon components have to be extracted from metallurgical coal (or coking coal) by pyrolysis (heating in an oxygen-free atmosphere) in a coking oven (usually in one of an assembly or "battery" of ovens in a coking plant) to produce coke as near to pure carbon as is practical.
catalytic cracking	A petroleum refining process for breaking down heavy molecules in reduced crudes or other feedstocks
flood plain	That portion of a river valley, adjacent to the river channel, which is built of sediments deposited by the river and which is covered with water when the river overflows its banks at flood stages.
sunspace	A room that faces south, or a small structure attached to the south side of a house.
system)	An autonomous or hybrid photovoltaic system not connected to a grid
pivot	Turning the raft from a ferry angle to a bow-downstream Position
archiving data	Archiving of data is the permanent transfer of data from a hard disk to removable media such as tapes or CDs
zooplankton	Tiny aquatic animals eaten by fish.
interstellar medium	The gas and dust that exists in open space between the stars.
decant	To draw off the upper layer of liquid after the heaviest material (a solid or another liquid) has settled.
zrf	VIEWS parameter: Zirconium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-67-7; AQS Code: 88185; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
fertile	Material that becomes fissile upon absorbing a neutron.
hypatia	Hypatia of Alexandria (AD 370(?)-415) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, teacher, and head of the Platonist school at Alexandria about AD 400
grassland	Ecosystem whose dominant species are various types of grass
nitric acid	Acid with the chemical formula: HNO3.
metamorphic rock	A rock that forms from the recrystallization of igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks through pressure increase, temperature rise, or chemical alteration.
radius of influence	the radial distance from the center of a wellbore to the point where there is no lowering of the water table or potentiometric surface; the edge of the cone of depression.
trolling	a method of fishing using several lines, each hooked and baited, which are slowly dragged behind the vessel.
neutralization	The addition of substances to neutralize water, so that it is neither acid, nor basic
cut	Generally, cut refers to both the shape of a stone (round, marquise, princess cut, oval, etc.) and the proportions and finish of a diamond also known as "make"
fundamental niche	Describes the total range of environmental conditions that are suitable for a species existence without the effects of interspecific competition and predation from other species.
hydrogen bomb	The hydrogen bomb, or H-bomb, is a nuclear weapon in which light atomic nuclei of hydrogen are joined together in an uncontrolled nuclear fusion reaction to release tremendous amounts of energy
slip-face	The lee side of a dune where material accumulates and slides or rolls downslope.
stockist	A stockist holds supplies of steel products ready for sale to users
pollution	Contamination of the environment.
surveillance	(i) General term for independent services such as sampling and assay
specialty steel	Expression mainly used in USA to refer to higher-specification alloy steels.
cancer	A malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth, capable of invading other tissue and of metastasis.
time delay	See sweep delay.
island arc	A line of volcanic islands found of the ocean that have been created by the convergence of two tectonic plates and the subsequent subduction of one of the plates beneath the other
oc1f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Fraction 1 (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88332; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
vapor plumes	flue gases that are visible because they contain water droplets.
compact fluorescent lights	Lights that use a lot less energy than regular light bulbs
clarification	the clearing action that occurs during wastewater treatment when solids settle out
suspension	When a solid is added to a liquid and the solid neither dissolves in the liquid nor sinks to the bottom, the mixture is referred to as a suspension because the solid is suspended in the liquid.
absorption spectrum	A representation of the quantity of light a material absorbs in the form of the absorbance plotted as a function of wavelength, frequency, or energy.
activated complex	In the mechanism of a reaction, a species which lies at an energy peak, and that must either fall apart to form products or reform reactants.
dissociation	Chemical process where a compound or molecule breaks up into simpler constituents.
bir	Bureau of International Recycling
projection welding	A welding process that uses small projections on one or both components of the weld to localise the heat and pressure, the projections collapse when the weld is made.
isothermal layer	Vertical layer in the atmosphere where temperature remains unchanged
particulate	of or relating to minute discrete particles; a particulate substance.
reformulated gasoline	specially refined gasoline with low levels of smog-forming volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and low levels of hazardous air pollutants
power plant	Facility that produces electricity.
weather	day to day variation in atmospheric conditions
defluoridation	The removal of fluoride from drinking water to prevent teeth damage.
i0	VIEWS Status Flag: Invalid value - unknown reason; Source: VIEWS
macrostructure	The general crystalline structure of a metal and
instream use	use of water that does not require withdrawal or diversion from its natural watercourse; for example, the use of water for navigation, recreation, and support of fish and wildlife.
stockpile	Broken ore heaped on surface or prepared areas underground, pending treatment or shipment.
electron	An electron is a very small particle that spins around the center of an atom
ester	A volatile fruity odoured product of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
fracture	A break, or separation, of a part into two or more pieces.
monitoring	Measurement of air pollution and related atmospheric parameters
tool steel	Steel with strength, fatigue, toughness and corrosion resistance suitable for manufacturing tools
shrub	A woody plant species that is smaller than a tree
external discontinuities	Surface irregularities which cause density variations on a radiograph
in situ leaching	The recovery by chemical leaching of minerals from porous ore bodies without physical excavation
ion	Electrically charged particle (charge can be positive or negative) consisting of one or more atoms.
treatment plant	A structure built to treat wastewater before discharging it into the environment.
solid waste	non-liquid, non gaseous category of waste from non-toxic household and commercial sources.
cathode	A site in electrolysis where cations in solution are neutralized by electrons that plate out on the surface or produce a secondary reaction with water.
runoff	surface water entering rivers, freshwater lakes, or reservoirs.
proportionscope	Quartz, the most common mineral found on the earth's surface is a component of almost all the types of rock
region	A term used in geography that describes an area of the Earth where some natural or human-made phenomena display similar traits.
bronze	An alloy of 90% copper 10% tin
silver solder	A silver-based alloy for joining copper and its alloys more strongly than with soft (lead-tin) solder.
sporadic permafrost	Form of permafrost that exists as small islands of frozen ground in otherwise unfrozen soil and sediments.
prospective study	An inquiry in which groups of individuals are selected, according to their exposure to certain factors and followed over time to determine differences in disease rates in relation to their factor exposure
terminal market	A formal market for trading commodities for forward delivery
42232	VIEWS parameter: IODINE; Description: IODINE; CAS Number: 7553-56-2; AQS Code: 42232
asian option	A cash-settled option on the average price of a given metal in a given averaging period, usually a month
unsaturated zone	the area above the water table where soil pores are not fully saturated, although some water may be present.
species association	A particular grouping of species in an area.
mild steel	Unalloyed ductile steel.
shielding	Material used to protect people or living things from ionizing radiation
compounds	Two or more different elements held together in fixed proportions by attractive forces called chemical bonds.
hearts & arrows	Hearts & Arrows is a pattern that visible in round diamonds with exceptional symmetry when view through a hearts & arrows scope.
national municipal plan	a U.S
well	a dug or drilled hole used to get water from the earth.
krypton	Symbol:"Kr" Atomic Number:"36" Atomic Mass: 83.80amu
effective dose e	The tissue-weighted sum of the equivalent doses in all specified tissues and organs of the body
adduct	A species formed by the union of two species (usually molecules) held together by a coordinate covalent bond.
cognac	Cognac is a traditionally more desirable fancy brown colour than dark brown
o	Chemical symbol for Oxygen.
map projection	Cartographic process used to represent the Earth's three-dimensional surface onto a two-dimension map
shaft	A vertical passageway to an underground mine for moving personnel, equipment, supplies and material including ore and waste rock.
halo	A halo is a luminous ring that is sometimes seen surrounding the sun or the moon
graded stream	A stream that has a long profile that is in equilibrium with the general slope of the landscape
solubility	The amount of mass of a compound that will dissolve in a unit volume of water.
lhe	liquid helium
capacity factor	The amount of energy that the system produces at a particular site as a percentage of the total amount that it would produce if it operated at rated capacity during the entire year
soil structure	General term that describes how mineral and particles organic matter of are organized and clumped together in a soil.
biological oxidation	Decomposition of complex organic materials by microrganisms through oxidation.
burnable poison	A neutron absorber included in the fuel which progressively disappears and compensates for the loss of reactivity as the fuel is consumed
squirt rafting	Accelerating into (safe) eddies and just before crossing the eddy line, jump int the boat's low, leading side or end to make it dive and take in water.
state revolving funds	a program, capitalized in part by federal funds, that provides low-interest loans for construction of publicly owned wastewater treatment and water recycling facilities, for implementation of nonpoint source and storm drainage pollution control management programs, and for the development and implementation of estuary conservation and management programs.
ecosphere	See biosphere.
absolute zero	The minimum possible temperature: 0 K, -273.15 °C, -459.67 °F.
quarks	basic unit of atomic nuclear particles - several types demonstrated, but for the regular matter we are using in fusion two basic ones: u - up quark with charge of +2/3e and d - down quark with charge of -1/3e
signal	A change in eddy current instrument output voltage; It has amplitude and phase.
pin	A pin (also brooch) is an ornament that can be pinned to a garment.
back pressure	Pressure that can cause water to backflow into the water supply when a user's waste water system is at a higher pressure than the public system.
pumped hydroelectric storage	storing water for future use in generating electricity
contact plating	Plated-on metal applied to the base contact metal to provide the required contact resistance and/or wear resistance.
conservation	to protect from loss and waste
coliform bacteria	non-pathogenic microorganisms used in testing water to indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria.
cold shut	(1) A discontinuity that appears on the surface of cast metal as a result of two streams of liquid metal meeting but failing to unite
deionisation	Process that serves to remove all ionised substances from a solution
rock garden	A rapid thickly strewn with exposedor partially covered rocks that demand intricate maneuvering.
pbc	VIEWS parameter: Lead (Coarse); CAS Number: 7439-92-1; AQS Code: 83128; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
anion	A negatively charged ion that results from the dissociation of salts, acids or alkali's in solution.
foa	Futures and Options Association (European association based in the UK).
resistive voltage drop	The voltage developed across a cell by the current flow through the resistance of the cell.
annealing	A process involving heating and cooling, usually applied to induce softening of steel
steppe	Russian term for mid-latitude grasslands.
market maker	On some futures or terminal markets, but not the LME, one firm or a few may be designated market makers and are obliged to be buyers and sellers at all times, sometimes in exchange for certain market benefits.
molecules	Combinations of two or more atoms of the same or different elements held together by chemical bonds.
watermaster	An employee of a water department who distributes available water supply at the request of water right holders and collects hydrographic data.
flotation	a mineral processing method used to concentrate the economic minerals from the ore prior to further processing
metallography	the science dealing with the constitution and structure of metals and alloys as revealed by the unaided eye or by such tools as low powered magnification, optical microscope, electron microscope and x-ray diffraction.
shortwave radiation	Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 and 0.7 micrometers (µm)
iso	International Organization for Standardization - publishes standards in a large number of areas
rill	a small channel eroded into the soil by surface runoff; can be easily smoothed out or obliterated by normal tillage.
pressure sewers	A system of pipes in which water, wastewater, or other liquid is pumped to a higher elevation.
fertility rates	average number of live births per woman during her reproductive years, among a given set of people.
cesium	Symbol:"Cs" Atomic Number:"55" Atomic Mass: 132.91amu
photovoltaic cell	The smallest semiconductor element within a Photovoltaic module to perform the immediate conversion of light into electrical energy (dc voltage and current).
radioactivity	The process of undergoing the transformation of an unstable nucleus by the spontaneous emission of radiation, generally alpha or beta particles, often accompanied by gamma rays, from the nucleus of an unstable radionuclide
stockist	A stockist holds supplies of non-ferrous semis and steel products ready for sale to users
nuclear energy	Energy, usually in the form of heat or electricity, produced by the process of nuclear fission within a nuclear reactor
service	centre A stockist who adds value to some, or all, of his stock by processing it in some way (e.g
infrared radiation	Electromagnetic radiation whose wavelengths lie in the range from 0.75 micrometer to 1000 micrometers.
chalcopyrite	A bright brass-yellow tetragonal mineral
alkaloid	A naturally occuring organic compound containing nitrogen that acts as a base
refracted beam	A beam that occurs in the second medium when an ultrasonic beam is incident at an acute angel on the interface between two media having different sound velocities.
concentrate	The totality of different substances that are left behind in a filter medium after filtration.
conductivity	The ability of a material to conduct electric current
hydraulic roughness	an estimate of the resistance to flow due to energy loss caused by friction between the channel and the water
accuracy	The extent to which an experimental value agrees with true value for a quantity.
biogenic sources	Carbon and nitrogen emissions from plant and animal activities
welded blank	A further development by steelmakers beyond supplying conventional oiled blanks to carmakers' panel shops
isostatic depression	Large scale sinking of the crust into the asthenosphere because of an increase in weight on the crustal surface
hydraulic control	a feature in a stream (such as a constriction or a weir) that controls the upstream water surface elevation.
gasification	The process of converting solid or liquid fuel into a gaseous fuel
run-off	precipitation that the ground does not absorb and that ultimately reaches rivers, lakes or oceans.
precursor emissions	Emissions from point or regional sources that transform into pollutants with varied chemical properties.
terminal fall velocity	Velocity at which a particle being transported by wind or water falls out of the moving medium
inhibitor	chemical that interferes with a chemical reaction, such as precipitation.
scribing	The cutting of a grid pattern of grooves in a semiconductor material, generally for the purpose of making interconnections.
carbon	One of the common elements found in organic matter and living things.
hydrogeology	The science of chemistry and movement of groundwater.
trophic structure	the feeding relationships among species within a food web.
clean air act	The original Clean Air Act was passed in 1963, but our national air pollution control program is actually based on the 1970 version of the law
thermal pollution	Discharge of heated water from industrial processes in receiving surface water, causing death or injury of aquatic organisms.
aquiclude	a formation which, although porous and capable of absorbing water slowly, will not transmit water fast enough to furnish an appreciable supply for a well or a spring.
pcm1_vol_nh4	VIEWS parameter: PCM1 Vol NH4; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
smelting	A pyro-metallurgical operation in which gold is further separated from impurities.
dust dome	Dome of air that surrounds a city created from the urban heat island effect that traps pollutants like particulate matter.
mass extinction	A catastrophic, widespread perturbation where major groups of species become extinct in a relatively short time compared to normal background extinctions.
topography	The relief exhibited by a surface.
optical depth	The degree to which a cloud or haze prevents light from passing through it
filtrate	A liquid that has passed through the filter medium.
pellet	In iron ore, fines are blended with clay and rolled into pellets of 6-10 mm diameter and sintered to make a suitable charge to the blast furnace or for direct reduction (see DRI).
total column ozone	A measurement of ozone concentration in the atmosphere.
air pollution	degradation of air quality resulting from unwanted chemicals or other materials occurring in the air.
thermodynamic equilibrium	This type of equilibrium describes a condition in a system where the distribution of mass and energy moves towards maximum entropy.
monsoon	A regional scale wind system that predictably change direction with the passing of the seasons
bioaccumulation	uptake and retention of substances by an organism from its surrounding medium (usually water) and from food.
statistical significance	The statistical significance determined by using appropriate standard techniques of statistical analysis with results interpreted at the stated confidence level and based on data-relating species present in sufficient numbers at control areas to permit a valid statistical comparison with the areas being tested.
biota	All living organisms in a region or ecosystem.
izod impact test	A test specimen, usually of square crossed
birm	Birm is an efficient and economical media for the reduction of dissolved iron and manganese compounds from raw water supplies.
boulder fan	A sloping, fan-shaped mass of boulders deposited by a tributary stream where it enters into the main canyon
cathodic protection	Where two metals of different electro potential are in contact in moisture, the (sacrificial) one with higher potential corrodes faster and in so doing protects the other
submarine canyon	V-shaped canyons cut into the continental slope to a deep of up to 1200 meters
gas	natural gas, used as fuel.
photometry	Instrumental methods, including analytical methods, employing measurement of light intensity
insolation weathering	Form of physical weathering
greenhouse effect	The greenhouse effect causes the atmosphere to trap more heat energy at the Earth's surface and within the atmosphere by absorbing and re-emitting longwave energy
residence time	The fraction of time an air parcel spends in a defined region (model grid cell)
siltation	the deposition of finely divided soil and rock particles upon the bottom of stream and river beds and reservoirs.
prey	Organism that is consumed by a predator.
operational quantities	Quantities used in practical applications for monitoring and investigating situations involving external exposure
bacteria	Simple single celled prokaryotic organisms
introducing broker	A broker which establishes a direct relationship with a client, but delegates some operations and trade execution to another broker or firm.
coal gasification	The chemical conversion of coal to synthetic gaseous fuels.
radical	A radical is a group of atoms that appear in a compound and act as a group
water quality testing	monitoring water for various contaminants to make sure it is safe for fish protection, drinking, and swimming.
nitrous oxide	Gas found in the atmosphere that contributes to the greenhouse effect
detritus food chain	Model describing the conversion of organic energy in a community or ecosystem into inorganic elements and compounds through decomposition
eob	end of burn
chopping	Cable chopping or granulation is a process of preparing scrap cable without burning
wettability	the degree to which a fluid will spread into or coat a solid surface in the presence of other fluids into which it will not dissolve.
ionization	The process of adding to or removing one or more electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby creating ions and free radicals
contained ounces	Represents ounces in the ground before reduction of ounces not able to be recovered by the applicable metallurgical process.
superconductivity	The pairing of electrons in certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature, causing the material to lose all resistance to electricity flow
gust front	A boundary found ahead of a thunderstorm that separates cold storm downdrafts from warm humid surface air
instability	Atmospheric condition where a parcel of air is warmer that the surrounding air in the immediate environment
equatorial port extension	Equatorial ports of the main vacuum vessel each consist of a hole in the vessel itself, a port stub which is welded to the rim of the hole and a straight section, the port extension, welded to the port stub.
platform	Jargon word for the type of futures trading in question – open outcry, electronic or telephone, but mostly refers to the particular system used for electronic trading, including proprietary systems.
financial liability	A contractual obligation to pay cash or transfer other benefits or a contractual obligation to exchange a financial instrument under unfavourable conditions
ozone	a naturally occurring, highly reactive gas comprising triatomic oxygen formed by recombination of oxygen in the presence of ultraviolet radiation
rolo chain	A rolo chain is made up of symmetrical links (usually round or oval) that are connected together.
reserves	That part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination
throughflow	The roughly horizontal flow of water through soil or regolith.
eschericha coli	Coliform bacterium that is often associated with human and animal waste and is found in the intestinal court
primary wave	See P-wave.
root angle	In a dual element delay line transducer, the angle by which the transducer elements of the delay line are tilted to direct the beams of the two elements to intersect at a specified zone in the medium.
compass	A compass is a scientific instrument that tells the user the direction of magnetic north
grass	See background noise.
semiconductor	Any material that has a limited capacity for conducting an electric current
backwardation	Description of forward curve
µg/m3	Micrograms per cubic metre
kaolinite	A type of clay that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions
cfu	Colony Forming Units
lahar	A very rapid type of downslope mass movement that involving mudflows from volcanic ash.
nucleon	A nuclear particle-either a proton or neutron or both collectively.
reforming	A petroleum refining process, employing catalysis, in which heat and pressure are used to cause cracking and isomerization of the hydrocarbon molecules in low-octane petroleum fractions
life cycle assessment	methodology developed to assess a product's full environmental costs, from raw material to final disposal.
hydrologic balance	an accounting of all water inflow to, water outflow from, and changes in water storage within a hydrologic unit over a specified period of time.
relectograph	A recording or chart made of either the signals transmitted through a part or reflected back from defects within a part, or both
ore	Strictly speaking, metalliferous material in the ground, or at minehead, but regularly used also to refer to concentrates.
frm_no3	VIEWS parameter: FRM NO3; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
texture	The relative quantities of the different types and sizes of mineral particles in a deposit of sediment
biological weathering	The disintegration of rock and mineral due to the chemical and/or physical agents of an organism.
glycerol	Glycerol is a biological compound that has three carbons with three alcohol functional groups
gel-type battery	Lead-acid battery in which the electrolyte is composed of a silica gel matrix.
multidirectional magnetization	Two or more separate fields, having different directions can be imposed upon a part sequentially in rapid succession
continental effect	The effect that continental surfaces have on the climate of locations or regions
conveyance loss	water loss in pipes, channels, conduits, and ditches by leakage or evaporation.
joint	One length of drill pipe or casing.
addition polymer	The kind of polymer that is formed by the combination of monomers without the release of a small molecules at the point where monomers are joined.
load management	A method of controlling electrical demand by switching off equipment, or moving demand from one time period to another.
heat	In steel making terms this is often used to define the
linear elastic fracture mechanics	method of fracture analysis that can determine the stress (or load) required to induce fracture instability in a structure containing a crack-like-flaw of known size and shape.
biological amplification	Increase in concentration of toxic fat-soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher trophic levels of a grazing food chain or food web because of the consumption of organisms at lower trophic levels.
steam fog	See evaporation fog.
event sequences	Accident states defined by a postulated initiating event, its further pathways of propagation, and the corresponding consequences.
pediment	A gradually sloping bedrock surface located at the base of fluvial-eroded mountain range
parameter	A variable, measurable property whose value is a determinant of the characteristics of a system such as water
be	Chemical symbol for Beryllium.
modulus of elasticity	When a material is subjected to an external load
mdas	mass data acquisition system
electrolyte	A solution which contains ions.
re-entrants	A prominent indentation in an escarpment, ridge or shoreline.
magnetically soft alloy	A ferromagnetic alloy that becomes magnetized readily upon application of a field and that returns to practically a nonmagnetic condition when the field is removed; an alloy with the properties of high magnetic permeability, low coercive force and low magnetic hysteresis loss.
heliopause	The point in space at which the solar wind meets the interstellar medium or solar wind from other stars.
peak hourly concentration	the highest hourly measurement in a 24hr period.
timber	logged wood sold as a commodity.
effusive eruption	Volcanic eruption where low-viscosity basaltic magma is released
frontal fog	Is a type of fog that is associated with weather fronts, particularly warm fronts
carbon pinpoints	The same as carbon spots but extremely small and somewhat more likely to be opaque.
maritime effect	The effect that large ocean bodies have on the climate of locations or regions
generator	A machine that makes electricity
rabble	A kind of rake for stirring solid material in a furnace
mass balance	The relative balance between the input and output of material within a system.
tornado warning	A warning issued to the public that a tornado has been observed by an individual in a specified region
cold glacier	Glacier in which the ice found from the its surface to base has a temperature as cold as -30° Celsius throughout the year
sill	Horizontal planes of igneous rock that run parallel to the grain of the original rock deposits.They form when magma enters and cools in bedding planes found within the crust
zone	A stratigraphic interval containing one or more reservoirs.
tropic of cancer	Latitude of 23.5° North
raw metal	Unwrought (i.e
phytoplankton	free-floating, mostly microscopic aquatic plants.
deterministic effect	Health effects, the severity of which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist
solar noon	That moment of the day that divides the daylight hours for that day exactly in half
boil	A water current upwelling into a convex mound.
trip reduction	reducing the total numbers of vehicle trips, by sharing rides or consolidating trips with diverse goals into fewer trips.
dissolve	the process by which solid particles mix molecule by molecule with a liquid and appear to become part of the liquid.
contamination	Deposition of any radioactive material in any place where it is not desired, particularly where it may be harmful.
deuterium	lithium) are consistent with their creation in a Big Bang event and not via subsequent nucleosynthesis in stars.
gallium	A chemical element, atomic number 31, metallic in nature, used in making certain kinds of solar cells and semiconductor devices.
artifact	In nondestructive inspection, and indication that may be interpreted.
woody fracture	A fracture that is fibrous or woody in appearance
thwarts	Tubes which run across, or "athwart", the middle of a raft.
normal lapse rate	Average rate of air temperature change with altitude in the troposphere
film speed	Relative exposure required to attain a specified density.
interglacial	Period of time during an ice age when glaciers retreated because of milder temperatures.
risk-specific dose	The dose associated with a specified risk level.
alkane	A hydrocarbon containing no multiple bonds between carbon atoms.
metal service center	Institute North American association of steel and metal stockists
suppressor gene	A gene that can suppress the action of another gene, such as an oncogene.
necking down	Reduction in area concentrated at the subsequent location of fracture when a ductile metal is stressed beyond it yield point in tension.
mappe	Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes
svol	VIEWS parameter: Sample Volume; Description: Volume of sample captured in the sample bucket, in ml.; Type Code: MET; Units: MILLILITERS
mode of oscillation	A particular pattern of vibration of the Sun.
ionising radiation	Radiation capable of causing ionisation of the matter through which it passes
generalist species	Species that can survive and tolerate a broad range of environmental conditions.
max_bp	VIEWS parameter: Maximum barometric pressure; Description: Maximum barometric pressure during sampling; Type Code: MET
pcm2_no3	VIEWS parameter: PCM2 NO3; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
dopant	A chemical element (impurity) added in small amounts to an otherwise pure semiconductor material to modify the electrical properties of the material
isotope	Form of an element where the number of neutrons in its atomic nucleus is different than the number of protons.
ounces	Troy ounces of a fineness of 999.9 parts per 1,000 parts.
tensile	Pertaining to forces on a body that tend to stretch, or elongate, the body
sedimentary cycle	biogeochemical cycle in which materials primarily are moved from land to sea and back again.
artesian zone	a zone where water is confined in an aquifer under pressure so that the water will rise in the well casing or drilled hole above the bottom of the confining layer overlying the aquifer.
beta decay	The emission of electrons or positrons (particles identical to electrons, but with a positive electrical charge) from the nucleus of an element in the process of radioactive decay of the element.
pyrite	A common, pale-bronze or brass-yellow, isometric mineral
gangue	The worthless part of as-mined ore.
first draw	The water that comes out when a tap is first opened
carbon	An inclusion in a diamond that appears black to the unaided eye.
carbon dioxide	Colorless, odorless, non-combustible gas.
riparian zone	a stream and all the vegetation on its banks.
soil science	The study of soils from an interdisciplinary perspective.
aluminum plate	Solid, rolled aluminum stock, in 0.250-inch thickness or greater.
weir	a wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water; a wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting.
wild thing	A technique for freeing a boat hung up on a rock by having the entire crew jump around like wild monkeys.
high-voltage tests	Tests in which voltages of approximately 1000 volts are used as a practical minimum and in which the voltage source has sufficient energy to cause injury.
elastic deformation	Temporary distortion of a material under the action of applied stresses.
fermentation	The conversion of organic matter to methane, carbon dioxide and other molecules by anaerobic bacteria.
v2	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid estimated value; Source: NARSTO
piezometroc surface	the imaginary surface to which groundwater rises under hydrostatic pressure in wells or springs.
holding pond	a small basin or pond designed to hold sediment laden or contaminated water until it can be treated to meet water quality standards or be used in some other way.
exchange contract	A contract registered and cleared on a futures exchange.
permeability	The ability of a medium to pass a fluid under pressure.
ventifact	A loose piece of rock that has been polished smooth by wind transported particles
reclamation	In the South African context, reclamation describes the process of reclaiming slimes (tailings) dumps using high-pressure water cannons to form a slurry which is pumped back to the metallurgical plants for processing.
feldspar	A group of common aluminum silicate minerals that contains potassium, sodium, or calcium.
species composition	that portion of an Index of Biotic Integrity that is a metric measuring the number and identity of species.
clearing broker/bank/firm	A brokerage or bank offering clearing and settlement services internally and to clients which execute transactions on a derivatives exchange by mediating between this counterparty and the clearing house
splitting limits	Where a contract specifies content of metal or impurities, ore or scrap is likely to be assayed both before shipment and on arrival
open system	system in which energy and matter are exchanged between the system and its environment, for example, a living organism.
starch	Complex carbohydrate composed of thousands of glucose units
katabatic wind	Any wind blowing down the slope of a mountain.
dumping	A trade term to describe the systematic export of steel or any other product at prices below production costs or below those prevailing in the home market
fuel cell	A device that converts the energy of a fuel directly to electricity and heat, without combustion
throughfall	Describes the process of precipitation passing through the plant canopy
execution	Finalising a transaction.
overflow rate	one of the guidelines for design of the settling tanks and clarifiers in a treatment plant.
coalbed methane	Natural gas trapped in coal seams.
interrupter rating	The highest current at rated voltage that a device is intended to interrupt under standard test conditions.
phosphate mineral	A mineral that is made up of compounds with a phosphate group bonded to a metal
ebit	Earnings before interests and taxes
mammal	Group of warm blooded vertebrate animals
remaining established reserves	Initial established reserves less cumulative production.
environment	aggregate of external conditions that influence the life of an individual organism or population.
jar test	a laboratory procedure that simulates a water treatment plant's coagulation/flocculation units with differing chemical doses, mix speeds, and settling times to estimate the minimum or ideal coagulant dose required to achieve certain water quality goals.
edwardian period	The Edwardian period (also known as the Belle Epoque) was the time of the reign of Edward VII of England (1901-1910)
facets	Also known as fire.
capillary forces	forces that cause ground water to rise above the surface of the saturated zone into the spaces between soil particles in the unsaturated zone.
welding	The process of joining two pieces of metal by softening or melting both surfaces to be joined by the application of heat.
width	The measurement of the widest area of an item of jewelry expressed in millimeters
market	A context in which goods are bought and sold, not necessarily confined to a particular geographic location.
contact metamorphism	Is the small scale metamorphic alteration of rock due to localized heating
ecosystem	An ecosystem is a system where populations of species group together into communities and interact with each other and the abiotic environment.
specific yield	the amount of water a unit volume of saturated permeable rock will yield when drained by gravity.
diamond drilling	drilling method which obtains a cylindrical core of rock by drilling with an annular bit set with diamonds
cooling tower	Large tower used to transfer the heat in cooling water from a power or industrial plant to the atmosphere either by direct evaporation or by convection and conduction.
koschmeider constant	The constant in the reciprocal relationship between standard visual range and the extinction coefficient.
interdealer broker	A specialist broker that operates as an intermediary between market participants that wish to buy or sell without revealing their identities to other market participants
damping	Limiting the duration or decreasing the amplitude of vibrations.
diesel index	A measure of the ignition quality of a given diesel fuel, equal to the product of its aniline point (in Fahrenheit degrees) and its API gravity, divided by 100
cloture	the formal end to a debate or filibuster in the Senate requiring a three-fifths vote.
savanna	A tropical or sub-tropical plant community characterized by trees and shrubs scattered among a cover of grasses, herbs and forbs
clearing house	The body that clears and settles transactions
ion	An electrically charged atom or group of atoms
ton-mile	Standardised unit of transport cost.
combined sewer	a sewer system that carries both sanitary sewage and stormwater runoff
tool steel	A generic term applied to a wide range of
finex	A proprietary process which reduces iron ore using non-agglomerated iron ore fines and non-coking coal.
diffusion	A process by which substances, heat, or other properties of a medium are transferred from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
climatology	Scientific study of the Earth's climate over long time spans (greater than several days)
major source	A stationary facility that emits a regulated pollutant in an amount exceeding the threshold level (100 or 250 tons per year, depending on the type of facility).
reverse circulation holes	Holes drilled using a process where the circulation of bit-coolant and cuttings-removal liquids, drilling fluid, mud or air down the borehole outside the drill rods and upward inside the drill rods
creep	A metal which slowly deforms under pressure or tension is said to creep
habitat indicator	a physical attribute of the environment measured to characterize conditions necessary to support an organism, population, or community in the absence of pollutants
banking	See hot idling.
nickel	Symbol:"Ni" Atomic Number:"28" Atomic Mass: 58.70amu
impermeable	Not easily penetrated by water.
sinusoidal equal-area projection	Map projection that represents areas in their true form on a two-dimensional map
heavy metals	Metals that have a density of 5.0 or higher and a high elemental weight
session	The period each day during which an exchange permits trading
service entrance conductors	(Overhead) The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and a point usually outside the building, clear of building walls, where they are joined by tap or splice to the service drop.
heat of fusion	The amount of energy required to transform a substance from a liquid state to a solid state
royalty	An amount of money paid at regular intervals by the lessee or operator of an exploration or mining property to the owner of the ground
city gate price	The unit price charged by a transmission company for natural gas transported via pipeline to a distribution company in a particular city or area.
magnetizing force	The total force tending to set up a magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit
phosphorus	An element that forms 0.12% of the earth's crust, chiefly
tig welding	Tungsten inert gap welding.
duplicates	two separate samples with separate containers taken at the same time at the same place.
basket boat	A 10-man size military-surplus raft-constructed of an upper and a lower buoyancy tube; the upper tube flares outward, giving the boat a bowl- or basket-like appearance.
austenitic	A major class of alloy steel, especially stainless
wrought metal	Metal which has undergone physical deformation during semifabrication, e.g
active region	A region of the Sun’s surface layers that has a large magnetic field and in which sunspots, flares, and prominences preferentially occur.
adhesion	the molecular attraction asserted between the surfaces of bodies in contact
standard reporting conditions	A fixed set of conditions (including meteorological) to which the electrical performance data of a photovoltaic module are translated from the set of actual test conditions
feedback	The amount of 'bite' or resistance perceived during a writing experience
yttrium	Symbol:"Y" Atomic Number:"39" Atomic Mass: 88.91amu
somatic cell	Any cell in the body except gametes and their precursors.
erratic	A large rock boulder that has been transported by glaciers away from its origin and deposited in a region of dissimilar rock.
irregular galaxy	A galaxy with no spiral structure and no symmetric shape
voltage	The effective (rms) potential difference between any two conductors or between a conductor and ground
bourse	A French word, meaning an exchange or meeting place where merchants transact particular business
magnesium	Magnesium's detection as a chemical element dates back to 1755, but it took Sir Humphrey Davys efforts in 1808 to first isolate it and another 22 years and the efforts of French scientist A
geopressured reservoir	a geothermal reservoir consisting of porous sands containing water or brine at high temperature or pressure.
ocean trench	Deep depression found at the edge of the ocean floor
chlorine/chloramine	Chlorine may be in the form of liquid or gas
newton	A unit of force that creates an acceleration on a mass of 1 kilogram equal to 1 meter per second with no friction and under the conditions of a vacuum.
raw metal	Unwrought primary metal.
mass	Amount of matter a body contains.
flow meter	a gauge indicating the velocity and/or volume of a flowing liquid.
poison	a chemical that adversely affects health by causing injury, illness, or death.
cold fusion	the apparent production of power from material at room or other cool temperatures claimed to be a fusion process
melting point	The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid
syngenetic	Formed contemporaneously with the deposition of the sediment.
recycling	A term made popular in the environmental movement to reuse materials that otherwise would be discarded as waste
fire	A stone's fire is the streaks of brilliant color within it
exposure assessment	The process of measuring or estimating the intensity, frequency, and duration of human exposures to an agent currently present in the environment or of estimating hypothetical exposures that might arise.
long ton	The avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240lb
hardening	Increasing the hardness of steel by heat treatment
unkilled steel	Steel which has been insufficiently deoxidised and
total energy system	See 'photovoltaic-thermal system.'
weather map	Map that displays the condition of the physical state of the atmosphere and its circulation at a specific time over a region of the Earth.
bioassay	a test to determine the relative strength of a substance by comparing its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation.
explosive eruption	Volcanic eruption where high-viscosity granite-rich magma causes an explosion of ash and pyroclastic material
biosphere	the earth and all its ecosystems.
dislocation	A discontinuity in the structure of a crystal
entisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
strain ageing	The gradual changes in physical and mechanical properties, in particular hardness and tensile strength, which takes place following cold rolling or deformation
biodiversity	the variety of plant, animal, and microorganism species present in the ecosystem and the community structures the form.
floodplain	land next to a river that becomes covered by water when the river overflows its banks .
mdss	mass data storage system
diorite	An igneous rock formed by the solidification of molten material.
reflectance	Ratio of reflected to incident light.
interface	The boundary between two contacting parts or regions or parts.
wire rope	Wire strand twisted together forms wire rope.
permeability	A property of a porous medium: a measure of the capacity of the medium to transmit fluids
temperature inversion	In meteorology, a departure from the normal decrease of temperature with increasing altitude such that the temperature is higher at a given height in the inversion layer than would be expected from the temperature below the layer
margin call	Demand from a broker to deposit additional money or securities to bring a participant's account up to the minimum margin.
raintight	So constructed or protected that exposure to a beating rain will not result in the entrance of water.
phreatophytes	plants that send their roots into or below the capillary zone to use ground water.
salt bath	A method of heating steel using a bath of molten salts.
physical weathering	Breaking down of rock into bits and pieces by exposure to temperature and changes and the physical action of moving ice and water, growing roots, and human activities such as farming and construction.
delta	A measure of the rate of change in an option premium against changes in the price of the underlying commodity
princess cut	A more recent adaptation of the barion is the princess cut, which often finds its way into solitaire engagement rings
glacial milk	Term used to describe glacial meltwater which has a light colored or cloudy appearance because of clay-sized sediment held in suspension.
insolation	Direct or diffused shortwave solar radiation that is received in the Earth's atmosphere or at its surface.
flourescence	Fluorescence is property in which light (or other radiation) is emitted from an object
water pollution	degradation of a body of water by a substance or condition to such a degree that the water fails to meet specified standards or cannot be used for a specific purpose.
micrometre	One millionth of a metre, written μm
in vivo	Inside the living body.
littoral drift	The sediment that is transported by waves and currents through beach drift and longshore drift along coastal areas.
radiometer	General name for an instrument used to measure radiation over a specific wavelength range.
tin free steel	This is thin steel as used as the substrate for tinplate but instead coated with chrome
dri	Direct Reduced Iron. An alternative to the blast furnace in which iron ore or pellets are heated by a reducing gas
misruns	Appears as prominent darkened areas of variable dimensions with a definite smooth outline.
fatigue	The effect on metal of repeated cycles of stress.
helium burning	Helium burning is a stage in a star's life in which the star fuses helium into carbon and oxygen (through nuclear fusion)
carbon steel	A steel whose properties are determined primarily
best orders	Orders to buy or sell which the LME Ring-dealing broker executes on the market at what the dealer judges to be the best available price
pioneer community	Community dominated by pioneer species of plants.
dsidse	Dataset IDs Selected: The list of unique DatasetIDs that have been selected.
shearing test	The test applied to metal to determine the stress required to fracture it across its section.
continental ice sheet	See continental glacier.
flrh	VIEWS parameter: Large particle size fRH; Type Code: CALC; Units: Unspecified
spillway	the channel or passageway around or over a dam through which excess water is diverted.
tertiary treatment	Advanced cleaning of wastewater that goes beyond the secondary or biological stage, removing nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and most BOD and suspended solids.
discharge permit	a permit issued by a state or the federal government to discharge effluent into waters of the state or the United States
cartography	Field of knowledge that studies map construction
fast film	Radiographic film which has inherent graininess characteristics of a coarse nature intended to increase the relative film speed.
"o" ring	A doughnut-shaped ring of rubber used as a seal around the periphery of the mating insulator interface of cylindrical connectors.
three phase alternating current	commercial electricity is commonly transmitted as three single-phase currents, that is, these separate currents following separate sine curves, each at 60 cycles (or other frequency) per second, but with the peaks of their individual curves one-third of a cycle apart
threshold velocity	Velocity required to cause entrainment in the erosional agents of wind, water or ice
secondary consumer	Organisms that occupy the third trophic level in the grazing food chain
above	Upriver from.
kimberley	Kimberley is a city in South Africa, and the capital of the Northern Cape
volcanic	pertaining to igneous rocks which have been erupted from volcanoes
flat-plate photovoltaic	Refers to a Photovoltaic array or module that consists of non-concentrating elements
hadean	Geologic eon that occurred from 3800 to 4600 million years ago
aerosol_bext	VIEWS parameter: Aerosol extinction; Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
water monitoring	The process of constant control of a body of water by means of sampling and analyses.
holder	The purchaser of an option
elastomer	A material that at room temperature stretches under low stress to at least twice its length and snaps back to original length upon release of stress.
luminous flux	Visible power, or light energy per unit of time
treatment charge	See T/C.
fallout	Radioactive debris from a nuclear detonation or other source, usually deposited from airborne particulates.
connate water	water trapped in the pore spaces of a sedimentary rock at the time it was deposited
galvalume	A proprietary corrosion-resistant rolled steel coated with an alloy of 55% aluminium 45% zinc for advantages of both galvanizing and aluminising.
composite sample	A series of water samples taken over a given period of time and weighted by flow rate.
carboxylic acid	A substance containing the carboxyl group
m2	VIEWS Status Flag: Missing value because invalidated by data originator; Source: NARSTO
joule	Measure of energy
cementite	An iron carbide (Fe3C) constituent of steel
santa ana wind	A warm, dry chinook like wind that occurs in southern California
hygrometer	An instrument for measuring atmospheric humidity.
estuary	thin zone along a coastline where freshwater system(s) and river(s) meet and mix with a salty ocean (such as a bay, mouth of a river, salt marsh, lagoon).
empirical scaling formulas	Formulas relating key parameters related to change in plant characteristics which are derived primarily from observation of the plant rather than from a deep physical understanding or theoretical model of the underlying driving processes.
ir	infra-red
kettle moraine	An area of glaciofluvial influenced moraine deposits pitted with kames and kettle holes.
blowout	Uncontrolled flow of gas, oil or other well fluids from a well during drilling due to formation pressure exceeding the pressure exerted by the column of drilling mud.
brine	Seawater with a salinity greater than 35 parts per thousand
herbicide	a chemical used to kill nuisance plants
lch.clearnet	The London clearing house
microscopic stresses	Residual stresses which vary from tension to compression in a distance (presumably approximating the grain size) which is small compared to the gage length in ordinary strain measurements
threatened species	Species that is still plentiful in its natural range but is likely to become endangered because of declining population numbers.
iai	International Aluminium Association
caldera	A large circular depression in a volcano.
fluorine	Symbol:"F" Atomic Number:"9" Atomic Mass: 19.00amu
rollover	Reinvesting funds from a mature contract into a new issue of the same or similar contract.
least-cost planning	a process for satisfying consumers' demands for energy services at the lowest societal cost.
ice pellets	A type of precipitation
daf	delivered at frontier.
channel	a natural or artificial watercourse that continuously or intermittently contains water, with definite bed and banks that confine all but overbanking streamflows.
basalt	A dark colored fine grained igneous rock formed from mafic magma.
valence mechanism	This mechanism is the way an atom bonds to other atoms to create stable (full) electron orbitals.
cleavage	The tendency of a crystalline mineral to break in certain definite directions, leaving a more or less smooth surface
flocculation	The accumulation of destabilized particles and micro flakes, and subsequently the formation of sizeable flakes
neutron activation	A method of chemical analysis in which the sample is bombarded with analysis neutrons in a nuclear reactor
hydrogeology	the geology of groundwater, with particular emphasis on the chemistry and movement of water.
brass	A family of copper-zinc alloys, classically 60/40
nonstochastic effects	Health effects, the severity of which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist
peak power	Power generated by a utility unit that operates at a very low capacity factor; generally used to meet short-lived and variable high demand periods.
contained gold	The total gold content of the orebody (tons multiplied by grade), irrespective of economic potential and without deduction for mining and processing losses prior to recovery.
mangrove	Treed wetlands located on the coastlines in warm tropical climates.
flaw	A flaw is a an imperfection in a gemstone
concentrator	A plant where ore is separated into values (concentrates) and rejects (tails)
kc	VIEWS parameter: Potassium (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-09-7; AQS Code: 83180; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
nonpoint source	source of pollution in which wastes are not released at one specific, identifiable point but from a number of points that are spread out and difficult to identify and control
wettable powder	dry formulation that must be mixed with water or other liquid before it is applied.
aquifer	A layer in the soil that is capable of transporting a significant volume of groundwater.
fresh kills	New York City's only operating landfill, located in Staten Island
beta particles	A beta particle is an electron that has been formed when a neutron in the nucleus of an atom breaks down into an electron and a proton, and the electron is ejected at high speed
oop	A unique object id.
spent fuel casks	Shipping containers for spent (used) fuel.
safelight	A special lamp used in the darkroom to provide working visibility without affecting the photosensitive emulsion of the radiographic film.
respiratory	refers to the lungs and airways, both upper (trachea, bronchi) and lower (bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli).
sublimation	Process where ice changes into water vapor without first becoming liquid
cfu	colony forming units.
arc furnace	A steel melting furnace in which heat is generated by an arc between graphite electrodes and the metal
game fish	a species such as trout, salmon, or bass, caught for sport.
tungsten	When used as an alloying element it increases the strength of steel at normal and elevated temperatures
emulsion penetrant	A mixture of water and oil produced by the addition of a third material, the liquid penetrant emulsifier.
temper	A term to which a number of definitions can
breccia	Coarse grained sedimentary rock composed of cemented angular rock fragments.
blast-hole	A hole drilled in a material to be blasted, for the purpose of containing an explosive charge.
quaternary alloy	An alloy of four metals.
algicide	substance or chemical used specifically to kill or control algae.
magnetic declination	The horizontal angle between true north and magnetic north or true south and magnetic south.
quench	See quench time
confluence	The point where two or more rivers meet.
yield strength	The stress at which general plastic elongation of the test piece takes place
fecal coliform	the portion of the coliform bacteria group which is present in the intestinal tracts and feces of warm-blooded animals
alloy	Is a mixture which is made up of two or more metals or which contains metals and non-metals.
capillary zone	soil area above the water table where water can rise up slightly through the cohesive force of capillary action
hgf	VIEWS parameter: Mercury (Fine); CAS Number: 7439-97-6; AQS Code: 84142; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
nrdc	Natural Resources Defense Council, private organization developed to champion "environmental" causes.
mafic magma	Magma that is relative poor in silica but rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron content
busbar	A rigid or flexible electrical connection for conveying heavy current to a furnace, aluminium smelting cell or electro refinery
normal fault	Vertical fault where one slab of the rock is displaced up and the other slab down
milliampere	Unit of electric current equal to one thousandth of an ampere.
last trading day	On futures markets which trade in monthly positions, the last trading day before a particular month's contract is delivered.
transmission angle	The incident angle of a transmitted ultrasonic beam
cash flow hedge	A hedge of the exposure to variability in cash flows, that is attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a forecasted transaction.
macrophyte	macroscopic plants in the aquatic environment
lung diseases	any disease or damaging conditions in the lung or bronchia such as cancer or emphysema.
cut-and-fill	A method of stoping in which ore is removed in slices, or lifts, and then the excavation is filled with rock or other waste material (backfill), before the subsequent slice is extracted.
confidence limits	An interval giving the lowest and highest estimate of a parameter that is statistically compatible with the data
migration	the movement of oil, gas, contaminants, water, or other liquids through porous and permeable rock.
rapid	A fast, turbulent stretch of river, often with obstructions, but usually without an actual waterfall
bear	One who believes prices will move lower.
saturated zone	The area below the water table where all open spaces are filled with water.
water table	Top surface of groundwater.
wasteload allocation	term used in conjunction with the TMDL Program, a WLA is the portion of a receiving water's loading capacity that is allocated to one of its existing or future point sources of pollution
pebble	A rounded piece of rock that is larger than gravel.
semis	Semi-fabricated products, output at the early or ‘upstream' stage of production from which finished products are fashioned: billet, bloom, rod, slab; in some circumstances HR coil is referred to as a semi-manufacture, traded for re-rolling to CR coil at a non-integrated steel mill.
mit	Market if touched
north pole	Surface location defined by the intersection of the polar axis with Earth's surface in the Northern Hemisphere
loess	Deposits of silt laid down by aeolian processes over extensive areas of the mid-latitudes during glacial and postglacial times.
functional isolation	Prevention of influences from the mode of operation or failure of one circuit or system on another.
orographic uplift	Uplift of an air mass because of a topographic obstruction
hsi	hot surface ignition; an engine technology where ignition generally depends on a continuously operating glow plug (the hot surface).
hygroscopic	readily absorbing moisture, as from the atmosphere.
chrome	The indispensable ingredient of stainless steel, which requires a chrome content of at least 10.5%
basis price	(i) The price agreed between the seller and the buyer of an option at which the option can be exercised
dielectric	(l) Any insulating medium that intervenes between two conductors
active site	The specific area in an enzyme where the enzyme can perform a catalytic function.
passive solar home	A house that uses a room or another part of the building as a solar collector.
nondestructive testing	Testing or inspection that does not destroy the object being tested or inspected.
coefficient of thermal expansion	The linear expansion or contraction per unit length per degree temperatures between specified lower and upper temperatures.
u.s. perm rating	The measure of the diffusion of water vapor through a material
barrel	The standard measurement in the oil industry
convectional precipitation	Is the formation of precipitation due to surface heating of the air at the ground surface
ozone	One of the six criteria pollutants
evolution	Is a process by which species come to possess genetic adaptations to their environment
black jack	A mining term for zinc blende (zinc sulphide).
hall effect	An effect used in the measurement of magnetic fields.
pancaking	In a threesome raft, when the bow boat flips back onto the middle boat.
mark-to-market	Accounting practice by which value is assigned to a position held in a financial instrument based on the current fair market price for the instrument or similar instrument
bod5	The amount of dissolved oxygen consumed in five days by bacteria that perform biological degradation of organic matter.
labeling	Attaching radioisotopes to a substance so that the substance can be followed closely.
mudballs	round material that forms in filters and gradually grows when not removed by backwashing.
decommissioning	Removal of a facility (e.g., reactor) from service, also the subsequent actions of safe storage, dismantling and making the site available for unrestricted use.
atomic orbital	A mathematical function from which electron density around an atom can be calculated.
cmdfile	"Command File" - The ID of the file to use for obtaining the appropriate SQL command
flash furnace	A smelting furnace in which the concentrate and fuel are blown into a closed chamber in finely-divided form
torus	A magnetic component (a coil or a transformer) made in the shape of an anchor ring
exw	See ex-warehouse.
amino group	The functional group of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms, -NH2; found in amines and amino acids.
caa	Clean Air Act (including all of its amendments)
distillation	The separation and purification of a mixture of components by vapourisation followed by condensation, based on the different volatilities of each component
toxicity	Degree of danger a substance poses to animal or plant life.
non-associated gas	Natural gas not in contact with crude oil in the reservoir, or natural gas in contact with crude oil, where the volume of oil is small and where production of such gas does not significantly affect recovery of the crude oil.
modification	The treatment of a aluminum silicon alloys in the molten state with a small percentage of an alkaline metal or salt, such as sodium fluoride, to change the size and shape of the silicon particles in the solid metal.
somatic effects of radiation	Effects of radiation limited to the exposed individual, as distinguished from genetic effects which may affect subsequent unexposed generations.
tetraethyl lead	A chemical additive used to enhance the anti-knock characteristics of motor gasoline.
internal shrinkage	A void or network of voids within a casting caused by inadequate feeding of that section during solidification.
nitrogen fixation	Biological or chemical process where gaseous nitrogen is converted into solid forms of nitrogen
clearance	The clear distance between two objects measured surface to surface.
protozoa	Heterotrophic eukaryotic unicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom protista.
solvent	A solvent is a substance capable of reataining its physical state whilst forming a homogenous mixture with one or more substances
adaptive response	A post-irradiation cellular response that typically serves to increase the resistance of the cell to a subsequent radiation exposure.
karst	Landform type with limestone bedrock and dominated by geomorphic features created from solution chemical weathering.
inversion	See temperature inversion.
model protocol	A legal instrument containing important aspects of the International Atomic Energy Agency's strengthened safeguards
giardia lamblia	a protozoa found in the feces of infected humans and animals that can cause severe gastrointestinal ailments
casting-rolling line	Advanced production line based on thin slab technology for the production of hot rolled coil from molten steel in one production step.Category 1 member (LME) - A member of the LME that is able to trade in the Ring, on LME Select and in the telephone market and issue LME client contracts.Category 2 member (LME) - A member of the LME that is able to trade on LME Select and in the telephone market and issue LME client contracts.Category 3 member (LME) - A member of the LME that is able to trade on LME Select and the telephone market but not to issue client contracts.Category 4 member (LME) - A member of the LME that is able to issue LME contracts but is not a member of the clearing house, LCH.Clearnet.Category 5 member (LME) - A member of the LME that has no trading rights except as clients.
recruitment	survival of young plants and animals from birth to a life stage less vulnerable to environmental change.
ravi	Reasonably Attributable Visibility Impairment; visibility impairment caused by a single or small number of sources.
jes	Japanese Engineering Specification
freeze-thaw action	Processes associated with daily and seasonal cycles of freezing and melting.
advanced oxidation process	One of several combination oxidation processes
radical	A radical is a reaction intermediate where a bond is broken and the two parts of the molecule exist carrying a single unshared electron
fior	Fluidized Iron Ore Reduction, a direct reduction process producing iron units for use in steelmaking (see DRI)
rotation	See Earth rotation.
dustproof	Constructed or protected so that dust will not interfere with its successful operation.
magnetic loop	If a conductor carrying an electric current is bent in a loop, the magnetic lines of force enter on one side of space within the loop is found to contain a magnetic field which has very definite directional properties
drill string	The string of individual joints of pipe that extends from the bit to the kelly and carries the mud or any other lubricant down to the bit, and rotates the bit.
sidereal day	Time it takes to complete one Earth rotation relative to the position of a fixed star
current conditions	Refers to contemporary, or modern, atmospheric conditions that are affected by human activity.
leakage	A species of ions in the feed of an ion exchanger present in the effluent.
state of matter	Form of matter
flip line	A line used to turn a flipped boat right side up
plantae	Group, at the kingdom level, in the classification of life
arrhenius acid	A substance that dissociates in aqueous solution to produce hydrogen ions.
multistage tumorigenesis	The stepwise acquisition of cellular properties that can lead to the development of a tumor from a single (target) cell.
swaging	A method of forming or reducing steel or other metals to a
limnology	scientific study of physical, chemical, and biological conditions in lakes, ponds, and streams.
mid-latitude cyclone	Cyclonic storm that forms primarily in the middle latitudes
martensite	The form of iron or steel crystallisation resulting when the metal is cooled rapidly from a high temperature (quenched)
nucleo synthesis	and are therefore the heaviest elements which do not require a supernova explosion for formation
wind vane	A mechanical device used to measure the direction of wind flow
magnetite	A major form of iron ore
act	in the legislative sense, a bill or measure passed by both houses of Congress; a law.
mixing ratio	The ratio between the weight (mass) of water vapor (or some other gas) held in the atmosphere compared to the weight of the dry air in a given volume of air
earth sciences tradition	Academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates natural phenomena from a spatial perspective.
ytterbium	Symbol:"Yb" Atomic Number:"70" Atomic Mass: 173.04amu
continuous casting	A method of producing blooms, billets and slabs in
lambda	See kappa
mid-oceanic ridge	Chain of submarine mountains where oceanic crust is created from rising magma plumes and volcanic activity
inferential statistics	Statistical test that makes generalizations about a population based of the numeric information obtained from a sample based on the laws of probability.
integrated database	The primary VIEWS relational database where data from individual programs are normalized and integrated into a common schema
coagulation	Destabilisation of colloid particles by addition of a reactive chemical, called a coagulant
cation exchange	Chemical trading of cations between the soil minerals and organic matter with the soil solution and plant roots.
izod	A test for the notch-sensitivity (effectively brittleness) of metals and alloys.
cns	Canadian Nuclear Society.
ultra violet	Radiation that has a wavelength shorter than visible light
x-rays	Electromagnetic radiation with more energy than visual light, usually produced by an x-ray machine
ctb	coil terminal box
estuary	a bay or inlet, often at the mouth of a river, in which large quantities of freshwater and seawater mix together
distillation	Distillation is a process in which one substance is boiled away from another and then collected
curium	Symbol:"Cm" Atomic Number:"96" Atomic Mass: (247)amu
nonthreshold pollutant	substance or condition harmful to a particular organism at any level or concentration.
toxicity	A measure of significant biological damage done by the absorption of a foreign substance
sustainable development	A term used to connote ways humanity must learn to use and develop its resources in order to sustain a high quality of life on the planet Earth for periods well into the future.
runoff	The topographic flow of water from precipitation to stream channels located at lower elevations
charpy test	A test to measure the impact properties of steel
atomic spectrum	The collection of broad and narrow bands of light absorbed by or emitted from atoms of an element.
graphitising	An annealing process applied to cast iron and
caucus	a meeting of a political party, usually to appoint representatives to party positions.
diffraction	Modification of the behavior of a light wave resulting from limitations of its lateral extent by an obstacle
fatty acid	A naturally occuring, usually in fats, monobasic carboxylic acid, with a long hydrocarbon tail chains.
independent variable	Variable in a statistical test that is thought to be controlling through cause and effect the value of observations in another dependent variable modeled in the test.
cumulative dose	The total dose (see threshold dose) resulting from repeated exposure to radiation of the same region or of the whole body.
service entrance conductors	(Underground) The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and the point of connection to the service lateral.
ultrasonically sound material	A material having no discontinuities which cause discernible ultrasonic indications at the required test sensitivity level.
ppm	See parts per million.
radioactive decay	Spontaneous change of an atom into a different atom or a different state of the same atom.
beir	Several committees of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation and their reports
liquid	A state of matter where molecules have the ability to flow and the surface of this mass displays the property of surface tension.
boiling water reactor	A common type of light water reactor (LWR), where water is allowed to boil in the core thus generating steam directly in the reactor vessel
turn-key facility	A facility supplied or installed complete and ready to operate.
insc	International Nuclear Societies Council.
aquifer	underground source of water.
inclination	A measure of the tilt of a planet's orbital plane in relation to that of the Earth.
topographic map	Map that displays topography through the use of elevation contour lines
inverters	Devices that convert DC electricity into AC electricity (single or multiphase), either for stand-alone systems (not connected to the grid) or for utility-interactive systems.
suspended solids	Solid organic or inorganic particles that are held in suspension in a solution.
drainage area	of a stream at a specified location is that area, measured in a horizontal plane, enclosed by a topographic divide from which direct surface runoff from precipitation normally drains by gravity into the stream above the specified location.
mixture	Mixtures are substances held together by physical, not chemical, forces
stand-off mounting	Technique for mounting a photovoltaic array on a sloped roof, which involves mounting the modules a short distance above the pitched roof and tilting them to the optimum angle.
light year	Distance that light travels in the vacuum of space in one year
oxidized zone	An area of mineral deposits modified by surface waters, e.g
contained ounces	Represents ounces in the ground without the reduction of ounces not recovered by the applicable metallurgical process.
retentivity	The property of a given material of retaining, to a greater or lesser degree, some amount of residual magnetism.
vein	A fissure, fault or crack in a rock filled by minerals that have traveled upwards from some deep source
object table	A Btree-based data structures that maintains a mapping between the OOP of an object and the page that the object is located on.
track structure	Spatial patterns of energy deposition in matter along the track from the passage of ionizing radiation.
dna	Deoxyribonucleic acid—the genetic material of life
hole	A reversal
flash	The metal which exudes at the joint line of a casting mould or die or closed die for forging
dispersion	the movement and spreading of contaminants out and down in an aquifer.
chiffre	A three-faceted shield-shaped rose cut with a flat, un-faceted base.
rated voltage	The maximum voltage at which an electric component can operate for extended periods without undue degradation or safety hazard.
gene frequency	Frequency of alleles at an individual or population level.
carbon cycle	Storage and cyclic movement of organic and inorganic forms of carbon between the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
activation product	Neutron activation products are radioactive substances formed from the elements in ordinary materials - such as steel and concrete and air - when these elements absorb neutrons generated in fission or fusion reactions in a nuclear explosion.
contrast change threshold	Minimum change in contrast perceptible to an observer.
troposphere	the layer of atmosphere closest to the Earth, extending seven to ten miles above the surface, containing most of the clouds and moisture.
active metal	A highly reactive metal, usually an element in the first or second column of the periodic table.
svr	VIEWS parameter: Standard Visual Range; Type Code: CALC; Units: KILOMETERS (VISIBILITY)
reservoir	a pond, lake, tank, or basin (natural or human made) where water is collected and used for storage
foodweb	a model structure used to represent the links between organisms within an environment, based upon the order in which various organisms consume one another.
testing	The oil company may wish to obtain ore information on the productive formation, specifically as to what fluids the formation contains
drumlin	A hill shaped deposit of till
sulfur dioxide	A gas (SO2) consisting of one sulfur and two oxygen atoms
market maker	A participant with exchange-trading privileges which has an obligation to buy when there is an excess of buy orders
passive solar	Architectural designs in buildings taking advantage of site and building materials to enhance the amount of solar radiation turned into useful interior heat during cold periods and to minimize absorption of solar heat during warm periods
pyroxene	A group of single chained inosilicate minerals whose basic chemical unit is the silica tetrahedron (SiO4)
environmental system	A system where life interacts with the various abiotic components found in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
blank	A piece of flat steel stamped (cut to a pattern) from coil to be passed to a press for shaping
vanadate mineral	A mineral that is made up of compounds with a vanadium oxide group or vanadium atom bonded to a metal
chalking	A coating defect during which a powdery surface forms due to the disintegration of the surface binder or elastomer
micron	A unit to discribe a measure of length, equal to one millionth of a metre.
stratosphere	the upper portion of the atmosphere (approximately 11 km to 50 km above the surface of the earth).
electrofishing	a biological collection method that uses electric current to facilitate capturing fishes.
brunisol soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
sleeper	Submerged rock or boulder just below the surface, usually marked by little or no surface disturbance.
resilience	the ability of an ecosystem to maintain or restore biodiversity, biotic integrity, and ecological structure and processes following disturbance.
back office	The department in a brokerage or trading house where financial transactions such as futures deals are processed to ensure their fulfilment
unloading	The releasing of downward pressure on rocks because of removal of overlying material by erosion
apparent contrast	Contrast at the observer of a target with respect to some background, usually an element of horizon sky directly above the target.
adrenaline	This was the first naturally produced hormone to be isolated it a pure state
nitriding	A surface hardening process involving heating in a atmosphere of ammonia or in contact with a nitrogen-bearing material so as to promote the absorption of nitrogen.
heterosphere	The upper layer in a two part classification of the atmosphere based on the general homogeneity of chemical composition
adduct	Generic name for a compound formed by the combination of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base.
biome	Largest recognizable assemblage of animals and plants on the Earth
landscape impoundment	body of reclaimed water which is used for aesthetic enjoyment or which otherwise serves a function not intended to include contact recreation.
nonrenewable	Not able to be replaced
parasitism	Biological interaction between species where a parasite species feeds on a host species.
dissolved solids	Solids material that totally dissolves in water and can be removed by means of filtration.
test	a test piece at 927 deg C for 8 hours by slow
vermeil	(Vehr-MAY) Silver with gold plating.
micronuclei	Chromosome fragments or lagging chromosomes that are not incorporated into the nucleus at cell division
millegrain	A millegrain (or millegrain setting) is a setting in which the stone is secured by tiny beads [grains] of metal or a band of metal that is decorated with tiny beads of metal.
polymer	A polymer is a long chain molecule or a complex 3-dimensional lattice produced by the reaction of simple compounds with each other
tropopause	The tropopause is a relatively thin atmospheric transition layer found between the troposphere and the stratosphere
dolomite	A natural carbonate of calcium and magnesium
halite	Sedimentary rock created by the chemical precipitation of sodium and chlorine.
dosimetry	The theory and application of the principles and techniques involved in the measurement and recording of ionizing radiation doses.
gully reclamation	use of small dams of manure and straw; earth, stone,or concrete to collect silt and gradually fill in channels of eroded soil.
collar	The mouth or upper end of a mineshaft.
fatigue testing	Fatigue tests are made with the object of determining the relationship between the stress range and the number of times it can be applied before causing failure
british thermal unit	Quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
toughness	The property of a metal, mostly steel, to have high strength without associated brittleness.
rock cycle	General model describing the geomorphic and geologic processes involved in the creation, modification and recycling of rocks.
sea-level	The average surface elevation of the world's oceans.
tails	Depleted uranium (cf
acid lining	In steelmaking the type of refractory furnace lining influences the type of steel produced
net capital employed	Total equity and interest-bearing borrowings, less cash and cash equivalents
demiwater	Demineralised water
cryosol soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
folding	The deformation of rock layers because of compressive forces to form folds.
delta	an alluvial deposit made of rock particles (sediment, and debris) dropped by a stream as it enters a body of water.
combined sewer overflow	the discharge of a mixture of storm water and domestic waste when the flow capacity of a sewer system is exceeded during rainstorms.
atom	A particle of matter which cannot be broken up by chemical means
s/d	Solid drawn
debar	Short for deformed bar
conjugate acid	A conjugate acid is a molecule that is created when you start with a base and add a proton.
spectrometer	An instrument used to analyse the content of metals by vaporising a small part of a metal sample with an electric arc and checking the pattern of a spectrum of light passing through the gas against standards
isotherm	Lines on a map joining points of equal temperature.
threshold contrast	A measure of human eye sensitivity to contrast
return on capital	Net income (or profit) before extraordinary items, interest expense, and income taxes, divided by average capital
meiosis	The process of two consecutive cell divisions in the diploid progenitors of sex cells
trade winds	Surface winds that generally dominate air flow in the tropics
fines	Ore or ferro-alloy which is in too small a particle size to make a good charge to the furnace and is therefore pelletised or briquetted.
direction	Direction is the information contained in the relative position of one point with respect to another point without the distance information.
fluid	Substance, gas or liquid, that has the property of flow.
cuspate foreland	Is a triangular accumulation of sand and/or gravel located along the coastline
long products	Self-explanatory term mostly used in steel to refer to products such as rod, rebars, rails and structurals.
biomass	(1) the amount of living matter in an area, including plants, large animals and insects; (2) plant materials and animal waste used as fuel.
trim	The angle to the water at which a boat rides
in-situ stripping	treatment system that removes or strips volatile organic compounds from contaminated groundwater or surface water by forcing an air stream through the water and causing the compounds to evaporate.
body	The main part of the pen (the part without the cap), usually also called the barrel.
meridional	Movement of wind or ocean waters in a direction that is roughly perpendicular to the lines of latitude.
neap tide	Tide that occurs every 14 to 15 days and coincides with the first and last quarter of the moon
carbon dioxide	methane appears in Earth's atmosphere and is a greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential
wec	World Energy Council.
atmosphere	A unit of pressure equal to 101.325 kPa; abbreviated atm
fouling	The deposition of organic matter on the membrane surface, which causes inefficiencies.
listed	Equipment or materials included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials, and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in specified manner.
autoionization	The dissociation of the molecules of solvent into ions.
lost wax casting	Lost wax casting is a process of casting metal in which the original model is sculpted in wax
fresh water	water containing less than 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved solids of any type
invertebrate	Animal that does not have a backbone
certificate of origin	SA consular document certifying the origin of a material
total production costs	Total cash costs plus amortisation, retrenchment, rehabilitation and other non-cash costs
frm_om_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH FRM Equivalent OM PM2.5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
irradiate	Subject material to ionizing radiation
commensialism	Biological interaction between tospecies where one species benefits in terms of fitness while they other experiences no effect on its fitness.
ultimate analysis	In chemistry, this is a quantitative analysis in which percentages of all elements in the substance are determined.
hot rolled coil	The first product from slab – the product of hot rolling.
theta	Denotes changes in the value of an option with the passage of time.
indicator tests	tests for a specific contaminant, group of contaminants, or constituent which signals the presence of something else (ex., coliforms indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria).
proton	A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of the atom.
biological oxidation	decomposition of complex organic materials by microorganisms
ocx2f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Fraction 2 (Fine) (NIOSH); Description: EPA PM 2.5 Chemical Speciation Network, NIOSH 5040; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
aime	American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers.
genetic diversity	Genetic variability found in a population of a species or all of the populations of a species
mini-mill	A (relatively) small scale steelworks; usually applied to an EAF steelworks with its attached steel rolling and treatment circuits
biotite	Rock forming mineral of the mica group.
desalination	the process of salt removal from sea or brackish water.
fracture	Fractures are caused mainly by mechanical stresses like pressure or impact and may run in all directions within the diamond.
acid rain	Rain that is made acidic by the presence of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels.
pah	Abbreviation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
sulphur	A common element in organic and living organisms.
hydrocarbons	Compounds that consist of only hydrogen and carbon.
acrylic glass	"Acrylic glass" is another name for "acrylic" plastic.
tip	Tribal Implementation Plan; a detailed description of the measures a tribe will use to carry out its responsibilities under the Clean Air Act.
nozzle	Pouring spout of the bottom-pour ladle.
developing time	The time between the application of the developer and the examination of the part for indications.
intercrystalline corrosion	Chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels are prone to this form of corrosion when they are welded and subsequently in contact with certain types of corrosive media
seismic	Shaking displacement usually caused by an earthquake.
be_other_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate OTHER PM2.5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
conductance	The reciprocal of resistance
anaerobic	A process that takes place in the absence of oxygen, such as the digestion of organic matter by bacteria in a UASB-reactor.
ionisation	Any process by which an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.
deoxidation	Elements such as silicon and aluminium when added to molten steel react to form stable oxides and reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen
grain	Metalworking, e.g
prods	Two handheld electrodes which are pressed against the surface of a part to make contact for passing magnetizing current through the metal
undeclared facility	A nuclear facility that has not been declared to the International Atomic Energy Agency (or other inspection authority)
deflagration	Propagation of a combustion zone through a fuel-oxidizer mixture at a rate that is less than the speed of sound in the un-reacted medium and capable of producing a significant increase in pressure.
commercial extinction	the depletion of a population to the point where fisherman cannot catch enough to be economically worthwhile.
cyanobacteria	Bacteria that have the ability to photosynthesize.
downgradient	the direction that groundwater flows; similar to "downstream" for surface water.
coastal zone	Lands and waters near the coast, whose uses and ecology are affected by the sea.
water pollution	The presence in water of enough harmful or objectionable material to damage water quality.
lac	Light absorbing carbon (see EC).
corner	A position where one operator owns all or virtually all the market stocks of a commodity
service centre	A term introduced to describe a steel distribution workshop that carries out some cutting or pre-treatment of standard steel products on behalf of end-user customers
dynamic	Moving, or having high velocity
nitrogen	An unreactive diatomic gas which forms about 78% of the atmosphere.
core sample	A cylinder sample generally 1-5" in diameter drilled out of an area to determine the geologic and chemical analysis of the overburden and coal.
hgconc	VIEWS parameter: Total Mercury Concentration
average number of employees	The monthly average number of production and non-production employees and contractors employed during the year, where contractors are defined as individuals who have entered into a fixed-term contract of employment with a group company or subsidiary
harpooning	a surface method of fishing that requires considerable effort in locating and chasing individual fish
varve	A thin yearly deposit of sediment found on the bottom of a lake
glacier	a huge mass of land ice that consists of recrystallized snow and moves slowly downslope or outward.
linear dose response	A statistical model that expresses the risk of an effect (e.g., disease or abnormality) as being proportional to dose.
bid	The price the buyer is prepared to pay
neutron	One of the particles which are found in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen
gravel	A term used to describe unconsolidated sediments composed of rock fragments
component lead	The solid or stranded wire or formed conductor that extends from a component and serves as a readily formable mechanical or electrical connection or both.
uniformitarianism	Is a theory that rejects the idea that catastrophic forces were responsible for the current conditions on the Earth
sl	VIEWS parameter: Sample Level Code; Description: A code indicating departures from field or laboratory standard operating procedures.; Type Code: FLAG
americium	A fissionable, artificial element that can be used to produce nuclear explosives
cone of depression	Cone shaped depression occurring horizontally across a water table
loss of back reflection	Absence or significant reduction of an indication from the back surface of the test Object.
hydraulic gradient	the direction of groundwater flow due to changes in the depth of the water table.
aquatic life use	a beneficial use designation in which the water body provides suitable habitat for survival and reproduction of desirable fish, shellfish, and other aquatic organisms.
project capital	Capital expenditure to either bring a new operation into production; to materially increase production capacity; or to materially extend the productive life of an asset.
oxygen	ozone (O3), helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation with the high-altitude ozone layer
oxidation	A common form of chemical reaction which is the combining of oxygen with various elements and compounds
sublime/sublimate	A material which readily passes from the solid to the gaseous state without going through the liquid phase is said to sublime or sublimate.
freezing	The change of a liquid into a solid as temperature decreases
proof stress	The stress that will cause a specified small, permanent
hydrolysis	the decomposition of organic compounds by interaction with water.
long path measurement	An atmospheric measurement process that is made over distances in excess of a few hundred meters.
j-rig	A pontoon-sized raft formed by joining several giant snout-nosedsponsons.
prominence	A region of cool gas embedded in the corona
condensation reactions	This is mainly an organic reaction where a simple molecule such as water or ammonia is eliminated when two molecules combine to produce another compound
roll	(i) To transfer a market position in futures or options from one date (forward or backward) or one strike price (up or down) to another by a simultaneous purchase and sale
incinerators	disposal systems that burn solid waste or other materials and reduce volume of waste
drift	Any material deposited by a glacier.
frost point	Is the temperature at which water vapor saturates from an air mass into solid usually forming snow or frost
magnetic reversal	A change in the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field
metaphase	A stage in mitosis or meiosis during which the chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial plate of the cell
organotins	chemical compounds used in antifoulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys, and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles.
coaxial cable	A high-band width cable consisting of two concentric cylindrical conductors with a common axis that is used for high-speed data communication and video signals.
spatial isolation	Reproductive isolation of two or more populations of a species by distance or physical barriers
low alloy steel	See HSLA.
spinning	The formation of sheet metal blanks into hollow circular shapes
fatigue limit	The maximum value of the applied alternating stress which a test piece can stand indefinitely.
kelvin scale	Scale for measuring temperature
virgin flow	the streamflow which exists or would exist if man had not modified the conditions on or along the stream or in the drainage basin.
accelerator	A device that accelerates charged atomic particles to high energies
lend	A carry trade whereby a market participant sells a nearby prompt and simultaneously sells a prompt in the longer-term.
polychlorinated biphenyls	toxic industrial chemical compound substances that were used in the manufacture of plastics and as insulating fluids in electrical transformers and capacitors
fissionable	Capable of undergoing fission:If fissile, by slow neutrons; otherwise, by fast neutrons.
central vent	The main passage way by which volcanic magma travels to the Earth's surface.
total suspended particulates	Total particulate matter in a sample of ambient air.
realtime observations	Continuous display of the value of a plasma parameter at the current moment
optimum frequency	The frequency that provides the highest signal-to-noise ratio compatible with the detection of a specific discontinuity
ductile	A ductile substance is easily pulled or stretched into a thin wire
long call	The position held by the holder of a call option
sand dune	A hill or ridge of aeolian sand deposits with a minimum height of less than one meter and a maximum height of about 50 meters
milky way galaxy	Aggregation of about 400 billion stars in a flattened, disk-shaped structure in space
hipparchus	Hipparchus (190-120 B.C.) was an ancient Greek astronomer who compiled first-known catalogue of stars and first map of the skies
young's modulus	Same as modulus of elasticity.
purge	to force a gas through a water sample to liberate volatile chemicals or other gases from the water so their level can be measured.
water purveyor	a public utility, mutual water company, county water district, or municipality that delivers drinking water to customers.
sewerage	the entire system of sewage collection, treatment, and disposal.
cogging	An intermediate rolling process when a hot ingot is
microstructure	The structure that is observed when a polished
firn limit	The lower boundary of the zone of accumulation on a glacier where snow accumulates on an annual basis
park	In a generally Steep walled Canyon, a wide, level place adjacent to theriver with grass and trees, often found at the mouths of tributaries.
cobalt	An alloying element used in tool, magnet and heat
thermal low	Area of low pressure in the atmosphere caused by the area having cooler temperatures relative to the air around it.
meteor	A body of matter that enters the Earth's atmosphere from space
alloy	A combination of two or more metals with their own distinct properties.
calorie	amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
organic coating	Application of a coating of paint or plastic (usually polymers) on a continuous processing line or through a batch process
birth control	preventing birth or reducing frequency of birth, primarily by preventing conception.
influent	water, wastewater, or other liquid flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment plant.
cumulonimbus cloud	A well developed vertical cloud that often has top shaped like an anvil
jes	Japanese Engineering Specification – Japanese industry standards.
molecule	Smallest unit into which a substance can be divided and still keep all its characteristics.
emissivity	The energy emission rate usually expressed as r/c/hr @ 1ft or mr/mc/hr @ 1 ft.
tidal marsh	low, flat marshlands traversed by channels and tidal hollows, subject to tidal inundation; normally, the only vegetation present is salt-tolerant bushes and grasses.
uncertainty analysis	A detailed examination of the systematic and random errors of a measurement or estimate; an analytical process to provide information regarding the uncertainty.
anomaly	Geologists study magnetic or geophysical surveys for anomalies as the first indication of a possible ore deposit.
orogenesis	The process of mountain building through tectonic forces of compression and volcanism.
matrix filter	A filter that is formed of a mat or matrix of fibers
groundwater	Water that can be found in the saturated zone of the soil; a zone that consists merely of water
heterogeneity	State of being dissimilar or diverse.
microwaves	Electromagnetic waves with short wavelengths between 1 mm and 30 cm, less than normal radio waves.
fast breeder reactor	A fast neutron reactor configured to produce more fissile material than it consumes, using fertile material such as depleted uranium in a blanket around the core.
flange	In an I-beam the flanges are the horizontal lines at the top and bottom of the capital I cross-section
physical vapor deposition	A method of depositing thin semiconductor films
car_car	VIEWS parameter: Carbon Carbonate (Fine); Description: AIRS calculated; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
ingot mold	The receptacle into which molten steel is
bed load	Sediment particles resting on or near the channel bottom that are pushed or rolled along by the flow of water.
tarn	A small mountain lake that occurs inside a cirque basin.
i-type semiconductor	Semiconductor material that is left intrinsic, or undoped so that the concentration of charge carriers is characteristic of the material itself rather than of added impurities.
diffusion	The movement of gas molecules or aerosols into liquids, caused by a concentration gradient.
tropical disturbance	An organized group of thunderstorms often found over a tropical ocean that generates a slight cyclonic flow of less than 37 kilometers per hour
stratigraphy	Subdiscipline of geology that studies sequence, spacing, composition, and spatial distribution of sedimentary deposits and rocks.
bay-mouth bar	A narrow deposit of sand and/or gravel found across the mouth of a bay.
rain gage	any instrument used for recording and measuring time, distribution, and the amount of rainfall.
return flow	surface water that returns to the natural environment after diversion for beneficial uses, such as for irrigation.
ef	equilibrium field
sparging	Injection of air below the water table to strip dissolved volatile organic compounds and to facilitate aerobic biodegradation of organic compounds.
earth albedo	Is the reflectivity of the Earth's atmosphere and surface combined
rainwash	The erosion of soil by overland flow
ipsn	(The French nuclear safety agency).
channel width	The total thickness of all reef bands, including internal waste mined as one unit.
stappa/alapco	State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators/Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officers
vertebrate	Animal that does have a backbone
necklace	A necklace is a peice of jewelry worn around the neck
organic compounds	Chemicals that contain the element carbon.
minimum fluctuation	See Tick.
radiology	That branch of medicine which uses ionizing radiation for diagnosis and therapy.
transmutation	Changing atoms of one element into those of another by neutron bombardment, causing neutron capture.
flame hardening	A surface hardening process in which heat is
annual solar savings	The annual solar savings of a solar building is the energy savings attributable to a solar feature relative to the energy requirements of a non-solar building.
piezometric surface	the imaginary surface to which groundwater rises under hydrostatic pressure in wells or springs.
r-123 hcfc	The gas is colorless with a sight ether odor
electrowinning	An electrolytic refining process in which the metal is recovered from the electrolyte rather than from an anode
control echo	An ultrasonic reference signal from a constant reflector, such as the back reflection from a smooth, regular surface
anti-degradation clause	part of federal and water quality requirements prohibiting deterioration where pollution levels are above the legal limit.
groundwater storage	the storage of water in groundwater reservoirs.
hydrophobic	Something that is afraid or repulsed by water
bi-metal	The result of the fusion – usually under pressure and heat – of strips of two different metals or alloys
mississippian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 320 to 360 million years ago
supercritical	Helium will remain liquid in a bath at 1 atmosphere pressure provided the temperature does not rise above 4.2K
fatigue testing	Fatigue tests are made with the object of
relief	The range of topographic elevation within a specific area.
gia	GIA stands for the Gemological Institute of America.
drainage reuse	reuse of agricultural drainage on salt-tolerant crops.
striations	Microscopic ridges or lines on a fatigue fracture that show the location of the tip or the fatigue crack at some point in time
ground fog	See radiation fog.
steckel mill	A reversing mill that reduces the gauge of a steel work piece in a succession of iterations; a single set of rollers through which the worked steel passes, is (usually) re-heated and passes back after the gap between the rolls is reduced.
tpint	VIEWS parameter: Internal instrument temperature; Description: Internal temperature as recorded inside instrument; Type Code: TMP; Units: DEGREES, CENTIGRADE
mother-of-pearl	Mother-of-pearl is the iridescent coating on the inside of oyster shells
leakage	Areas that do not return light.
impedance	The total opposition that a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current or any other varying current at a particular frequency.
cold vapor	method to test water for the presence of mercury.
hydrologic cycle	Model that describes the movement of water between the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
"programme 93+2"	See "strengthened safeguards."
cash-settled	A derivative that is settled at expiry by balancing the cash difference between the value of the contract and the value of the underlying asset
index of biotic integrity	a multi-metric measure of biological condition developed from collection of data for fish or other organisms
w	Chemical symbol for Tungsten, from wolfram.
steroid	Steroids are lipids that are based on the cholesterol molecule
non magnetic steels	Austenitic steels such as the 14% manganese steels and the 303 type 18/8% chromium-nickel stainless steels.
atmospheric test	From 1945 to 1963 the United States conducted atmospheric nuclear tests -- that is nuclear explosions above ground, usually with the device placed on a tower or dropped from a plane -- grouped into roughly 20 test "series." After 1963 when the Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed, testing by the United States, Soviet Union and Britain moved underground
ejector	A device used to inject a chemical solution into wastewater during water treatment.
p-wave	A seismic wave that moves material in push-pull fashion in the direction of its travel
sendzimir	A special type of rolling mill with multiple rolls in a cluster formation to apply very high pressure to the work rolls in contact with the coil passing through the mill
solar-grade silicon	Intermediate-grade silicon used in the manufacture of solar cells
turnover	See Volume.
l-d process	An oxygen steel making process named after the towns in Austria, Linz and Donawitz, where it was first developed
zirconium	Acts as a deoxidising element in steel and combines with sulphur.
ice	A term used to describe water or a number of gases such as methane or ammonia when in a solid state.
acidic anhydride	A species (often a non-metal oxide) that reacts with water to form an acid.
assimilation	The ability of water to purify itself of pollutants.
snf	VIEWS parameter: Tin (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-31-5; AQS Code: 84160; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
parameter	A material property or instrument variable.
mode of vibration	Type of wave motion
serial connection	In a serial connection several fuel cells are connected in an electrical loop (or series) such that the total voltage is increased with each addition of a fuel cell.
micrometer	a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter; the unit of measure for particle size.
hydrophobic	'fears water' (hydro = water; phobic = fear)
radiation shielding	Reduction of radiation by interposing a shield of absorbing material between any radioactive source and a person, work area, or radiation-sensitive device.
summer	Season between spring and fall
coastal zone	Relatively nutrient-rich, shallow part of the ocean that extends from the high-tide mark on land to the edge of the continental shelf.
electromagnetic waves	All matter absorbs and emmits radiation covering a broad band of frequencies and wavelengths
lipid	A naturally occurring substance soluble in organic solvents but not in water.
element	See atom.
radioactivity	the spontaneous emission of matter or energy from the nucleus of an unstable atom (the emitted matter or energy is usually in the form of alpha or beta particles, gamma rays, or neutrons).
negative feedback	Change in the state of a system that counteracts the measured effect of the initial alteration.
backwashing	reversing the flow of water through a home treatment device filter or membrane to clean and remove deposits.
frost wedging	A process of physical weathering in which water freezes in a crack and exerts force on the rock causing further rupture.
methyl orange alkalinity	A measure of the total alkalinity in a water sample in which the color of methyl orange reflects the change in level.
photosynthesis	Process by which a green plant makes its food using energy from the Sun.
distilled water	water that has been treated by boiling and condensation to remove solids, inorganics, and some organic chemicals.
gross sediment transport	The total amount of sediment transported along a shoreline in a specific time period.
allotropy	The property possessed by certain elements to exist in
freezing rain	A type of precipitation
carbon dioxide	Common gas molecule consisting of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms made by burning carbon substances such as fossil fuels or by metabolism in the body.
volatility	The propensity of a market or price to fluctuate widely and/or suddenly
magnetic materials	Materials are affected by magnetism in two general ways
rod mill	(i) A rotating cylinder like a ball mill, but loaded with steel rods
bulb flats	Hot rolled flat products with a rounded bulbous profile on one edge
cirrocumulus clouds	Patchy white high altitude cloud composed of ice crystals
extraction	Extraction is the process of taking a solvent and using it to dissolve a compound from a mixture
cm_calculated	VIEWS parameter: Mass, PM2.5 - PM10 (Coarse); Description: Calculated coarse mass; AQS Code: 81103; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
sulfate aerosol	Type of solid compound commonly found in the atmosphere
particle size	The sizes of a particle, determined by the smallest dimension, for instance a diameter
cation	A positively charged ion or group of atoms.
sparger	A device that introduces compressed air into a liquid.
ammso4	Ammonium sulfate.
zone of aeration	a region in the Earth above the water table
recovery rate	A term used in process metallurgy to indicate the proportion of valuable material obtained in the processing of an ore
metric	a measure of some variable
lance	A steel tube for introducing a gas, most commonly oxygen, into a bath of molten metal, mostly steel
protection quantities	Dose quantities that the ICRP has developed for radiological protection that allow quantification of the extent of exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation from both whole and partial body external irradiation and from intakes of radionuclides.
r-134a hfc	Inert under ordinary conditions.
net operating assets	Tangible assets, current and non-current portion of inventories, current and non-current trade and other receivables (excluding recoverable tax, rebates, levies and duties), less current and non-current trade and other payables and deferred income (excluding unearned premiums on normal sale extended contracts).
fnca	Forum for Nuclear Coorporation in Asia
spicule	A hot jet of gas moving outward through the Sun’s chromosphere.
chemical bond	An attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more elements.
melting	The physical process of a solid becoming a liquid
fertilizer	Substance that adds inorganic or organic nutrients to soil for the purpose of increasing the growth of crops, trees, or other vegetation.
perceptible	Capable of being seen.
condensation nuclei	Microscopic particle of dust, smoke or salt that allows for condensation of water vapor to water droplets in the atmosphere
waterfall	a sudden, nearly vertical drop in a stream, as it flows over rock.
lab cond	VIEWS parameter: Lab Conductance; Description: Conductance of the precipitation sample as measured at the CAL, reported in microsiemens per centimeter.; Type Code: MET; Units: MICROSIEMENS/CENTIMETER
genetic adaptation	Changes in the genetic makeup of organisms of a species due to mutations that allow the species to reproduce and gain a competitive advantage under changed environmental conditions.
soil permeability	The rate at which water and air move vertically through a soil.
exchange-traded-derivative	A derivative traded on an exchange and subject to the regulations and trading practices of said exchange.
dc to dc converter	Electronic circuit to convert DC voltages (e.g., Photovoltaic module voltage) into other levels (e.g., load voltage)
vapor pressure	A property that is unique to each liquid
object luminance	A measure of light power reflected or emitted from an object itself within a solid angle of one steradian per unit area projected in a given direction.
conductivity	The amount of electricity the water can conduct
era	Geologic time unit that is shorter than an eon but longer than a period.
groundwater law	the common law doctrine of riparian rights and the doctrine of prior appropriation as applied to ground water.
cloudburst	a torrential downpour of rain, which by it spottiness and relatively high intensity suggests the bursting and discharge of water from a cloud all at once.
inla	International Nuclear Law Association.
strategic nuclear weapon	Strategic weapons are targeted based on a strategic plan and generally include nuclear missile forces and cities
electrolysis	(i) A process by which direct current passes from one electrode (the anode) through a liquid electrolyte to another electrode (the cathode) in a cell
dark adaptation	The adjustment of the eyes that occurs over time when one enters a darkened area
liquidity	(i) The ability of a futures exchange to handle large volumes of business in a limited time
uranium oxide concentrate	The mixture of uranium oxides produced after milling uranium ore from a mine
spread-bet	A type of contract for difference, less formal than futures contracts, that can be placed on a large variety of scenarios
moss	About 9,500 species of plants that belong to the division bryophyta
eluviation	Movement of humus, chemical substances, and mineral particles from the upper layers of a soil to lower layers by the downward movement of water through the soil profile
effective depth of penetration	Depth at which eddy current density drops off to 5% of the surface density.
potential energy	Is the energy that a body possesses by virtue of its position and that is potentially transformable into another form of energy.
mountain breeze	Local thermal circulation pattern found in areas of topographic relief
pentachorophenol	toxic substance usually used as a wood preservative.
ribosomes	Small cellular components composed of specialized ribosomal RNA and protein; site of protein synthesis.
alluvium	Sediments deposited by erosion processes, usually by streams.
euphotic zone	surface layer of an ocean, lake, or other body of water through which light can penetrate
visual range	The distance at which a large black object just disappears from view.
groundfish	a general term referring to fish that live on or near the sea floor
cirque	Glacially eroded rock basin found on mountains
groundwater flow	Underground topographic flow of groundwater because of gravity.
export control	The set of laws, policies, and regulations that govern the export of sensitive items for a country or company.
new jersey sand	A large number of grades of foundry sands mined in southern New Jersey.
chromosome	A group of genes/DNA that are contiguous, a functional unit
subatomic particles	Extremely small particles that make up the internal structure of atoms.
alvusion	a sudden or perceptible change in a river's margin, such as a change in course or loss of banks due to flooding.
permafrost	Zone of permanently frozen water found in high latitude soils and sediments
ecological effects	long-term or short-lived changes in the normal functioning of an ecosystem, resulting in biological, economic, social, and aesthetic losses
isda	International Swaps and Derivatives Association
south magnetic pole	Location in the Southern Hemisphere where the lines of force from Earth's magnetic field are vertical
ferrous	Materials mainly containing the element iron, i.e
community	Refers to all the populations of interacting species found in a specific area or region at a certain time.
frm_so4_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH FRM Equivalent SO4 PM2.5; CAS Number: 14808-79-8; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
indicator organisms	Microrganisms, such as coliforms, whose presence is indicative for pollution or for the presence more harmful microrganisms.
diurnal tide	Tides that have one high and one low water per tidal period.
psychrometer	An instrument for measuring humidity based on the temperature drop of a thermometer with a wet wick on the bulb.
chalcedony	Translucent quartz formed of thin layers of fine-grained, fibrous crystals.
valley	A linear depression in the landscape that slopes down to a stream, lake or the ocean
limiting reactant	A limiting reactant is the limiting factor or element in a chemical reaction
g.o.b.	Good ordinary brand
equilibrium	Equilibrium describes the average condition of a system, as measured through one of its elements or attributes, over a specific period of time.
sulf	Sulfuric acid
delta iron	When pure or practically carbon-free iron is
segregation	A term applied to the concentration and partial separation of one or more elements from solution during solidification of liquid steel in an ingot mould
pressure gradient force	Force due to spatial differences in atmospheric pressure
aisi	American Iron and Steel Institute
rectangular coordinate system	System that measures the location of points on the Earth on a two-dimensional coordinate plane
lab type	VIEWS parameter: Lab Type; Description: A code indicating the condition of the sample upon arrival at the CAL.; Type Code: FLAG
o3	ozone
toll	A compensation for products or services
isohyet	line that connects points of equal rainfall.
kerb session	Trading session at the LME when all metals can be traded simultaneously
metal spraying	Applying one metal in powder form to the surface of another, e.g
sg iron	Spheroidal Graphite cast iron
regulator	A country's regulator is tasked with supervising the derivatives activity within the country
homeostasis	An ability of the body to maintain stability.
aquaculture	the controlled rearing of fish or shellfish by people or corporations who own the harvestable product, often involving the capture of the eggs or young of a species from wild sources, followed by rearing more intensively than possible in nature.
outwash	a deposit of sand and gravel formed by streams of meltwater flowing from a glacier.
wet suit	A close-fitting garment of neoprene foam that provides thermal insulation in cold water.
incidence	The rate of occurrence of a disease in a population within a specified period of time, often expressed as the number of cases of a disease arising per 100,000 individuals per year (or per 100,000 person-years).
metric ton	Also called tonne
rift	Zone between two diverging tectonic plates
nozzle pocket brick	A refractory shape set in bottom of a ladle containing a recess in which nozzle is set.
ocmf_niosh	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Mass (Fine) (NIOSH Adjusted); Description: 1.4 * OCf_NIOSHadj; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
standing wave	A wave caused by the deceleration of current that occurs when fast-moving water slams into slower-moving water
biomass	The weight of living tissues usually measured per unit area over a particular time interval
continental rise	Thick layers of sediment found between the continental slope the ocean floor.
point positive	The custom when using river signals of always pointing in the direction you want someone to go, never in the direction you don't want them to go.
hanging tributary	A tributary stream that enters a main canyon over a waterfall
hydrogen sulfide	A gas emitted during organic decomposition by a select group of bacteria, which strongly smells like rotten eggs.
ray	In optics, a ray is an idealized narrow beam of light.
stream order	The relative position, or rank, of a stream channel segment in a drainage network.
mou	matching optics unit
flow-sensitive habitats	habitats that show hydraulic response to relatively small changes in streamflow
ammso4f_small	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Sulfate (Fine), Small Fraction; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
liquefaction	Temporary transformation of a soil mass of soil or sediment into a fluid mass
sensitive receptor	the AQRV, or part thereof, that is the most responsive to, or the most easily affected by the type of air pollution in question
pool	Scoured depression found on the bed of streams
siltstone	Fine grained sedimentary rock composed of lithified silt particles.
engrave	Engraving is a method of surface decoration in which a design is etched into the surface with a sharp tool.
quality control	Actions routinely taken to maintain a specified level of quality of acquired data.
municipal discharge	Discharge of effluent from wastewater treatment plants, which receive wastewater from households, commercial establishments, and industries in the coastal drainage basin.
foliation	Process where once randomly distributed platy minerals in a rock become reoriented, because of metamorphism, in a parallel manner.
88334	VIEWS parameter: Pk3_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Description: Pk3_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
etched finish	An etched finish on a metal's surface reduces the metal's reflectivity
eaf	Electric arc furnace
air quality strategy	The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland describes the plans drawn up by the Government and the Devolved Administrations to improve and protect ambient air quality in the UK in the medium-term
aluminising	Coating steel with aluminium
scattering coefficient	A measure of the ability of particles or gases to scatter photons out of a beam of light; a number that is proportional to the amount of photons scattered per unit length.
ferritic	A class of stainless steels with no nickel content, so lower-cost
mesozoic	Geologic era that occurred from 245 to 65 million years ago.
chemical oxygen demand	The amount of oxygen (measured in mg/L) that is consumed in the oxidation of organic and oxidasable inorganic matter, under test conditions
millirem	Unit of radiation dosage equal to one-thousandth of a rem
delay line	A material (liquid or solid) placed in front of a transducer to cause a time delay between the initial pulse and the front surface reflection.
polar stratospheric clouds	High altitude clouds found in the stratosphere where the temperature is less than -85° Celsius
hail	Hail is a solid form of precipitation that has a diameter greater than 5 millimeters
earthquake	Is a sudden motion or trembling in the Earth
wheel transducer	A device that couples ultrasonic energy to a test object through the rolling contact area of a wheel containing a liquid and one or more transducers.
critical low flow	low flow conditions below which some standards do not apply
cosmology	lithium was one of the few elements created in the Big Bang, although its quantity in the Universe has vastly decreased
dissolved air flotation	A procedure of induced flotation with very fine air bubbles or 'micro bubbles',
r-12 cfc	Colorless, practically odorless, non-corrosive, nonirritating, nonflammable gas
non-ferrous metals	All metals except ferrous metals.
gene pool	Sum total of all the genes found in the individuals of the population of a particular species.
fine particulate matter	Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns(PM2.5).
emissions	Gaseous or particulate pollutants entering the atmosphere due to a man-made or natural process.
pcm1_so4	VIEWS parameter: PCM1 SO4; CAS Number: 14808-79-8; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
thermit process	Proprietary process using aluminothermy.
calcium hypo chlorite	A chemical that is widely used for water disinfection, for instance in swimming pools or water purification plants
arms control	coordinated action based on agreements to limit, regulate, or reduce weapon systems by the parties involved.
environmental protection agency	the federal agency responsible for regulating air quality
specific energy	The actual energy per unit mass deposited per unit volume in a given event
basis	(i) Jargon term for the difference between a futures price and the price of the underlying asset
accessible	(as applied to equipment) Admitting close approach: not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means
muscovite	Rock forming mineral of the mica group.
mig	metal in gap
barrier energy	The energy given up by an electron in penetrating the cell barrier; a measure of the electrostatic potential of the barrier.
emphysema	a degenerative disease of the lung in which the walls of the alveoli become destroyed, leading to the formation of cavities in the lung and the collapse of the small airways
emigration	Migration of an organism out of an area for the purpose of changing its residence permanently
time-of-use pricing	A method of charging for electricity or some other service that takes into consideration both the time of day and the season of the year at which it is used.
anion	A negatively charged ion, attracted toward the anode in an electrolytic cell.
enrichment	the addition of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater effluent or agricultural runoff to surface water
confined aquifer	an aquifer that lies between two rock layers of very low permeability
risk assessment	Science of studying the amount of risk associated with doing something.
zircaloy	Zirconium alloy used as a tube to contain uranium oxide fuel pellets in a reactor fuel assembly.
holding time	the maximum amount of time a sample may be stored before analysis.
acidification	the decrease of acid neutralizing capacity in water or base saturation in soil caused by natural or anthropogenic processes.
stocks	Widely used in the petroleum industry to designate inventories of crude oil or petroleum products at refineries, bulk terminals and in pipelines.
condensation	the process by which molecules in the atmosphere collide and adhere to small particles.
relative humidity	The ratio between the actual amount of water vapor held in the atmosphere compared to the amount required for saturation
carbon-in-pulp	A method of recovering gold and silver from pregnant cyanide solutions by adsorbing the precious metals to granules of activated carbon, which are typically ground up coconut shells.
die	The term die is most commonly used in
stoping width	The sum of the channel width and external waste widths.
herbivore	Heterotrophic organism that consumes plants for nutrition
geology	The field of knowledge that studies the origin, structure, chemical composition, and history of the Earth and other planets.
state land	land owned and administered by the state in which it is located.
transport capacity	the capacity of a river to carry sediment in suspension or to move sediment along the riverbed.
backscattering	Portion of solar radiation directed back into space as a result of particle scattering in the atmosphere.
element	A pure substance which cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means.
elastic limit	Maximum level of elastic deformation of a material without rupture.
base flows	the component of a flow regime that represents normal flow conditions between precipitation events
water solubility	the maximum possible concentration of a chemical compound dissolved in water.
coefficient of determination	Statistic that measures the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is associated with the statistical regression of an independent variable
infrared radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 and 100 micrometers (µm)
summer solstice	The summer solstice denotes the first day of the summer season
illumination	Application of visible radiation to an object.
green river boat	A raft 8 by 17 feet made by Rubber Fabricators that can accommodate five or six people.
carbonates	Chemical compounds related to carbon dioxide.
delivered	A delivered price includes free delivery to the buyer's works or warehouse, including, unless otherwise specified, any import duty
evanescent wave	A disappearing wave.
maximum stress	In the testing of the strength of steel a sample
vm	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid modeled value; Source: VIEWS
squeeze	An upward price movement caused by covering of short positions.
niche	Adaptive role that a species has in a habitat
lode	A mineral deposit, consisting of a zone of veins, veinlets or disseminations, in consolidated rock as opposed to a placer deposit.
reserve	A porous and permeable underground formation of producible oil and/or natural gases, confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and characterized by a single natural pressure system.
counter-radiation	Redirection of the Earth's longwave radiation back to the surface because of the greenhouse effect.
time temperature transformation curve	An isothermal transformation diagram showing the relationship between temperature and the time taken for the decomposition of austenite when the transformation occurs at constant temperature.
hail	a form of precipitation which forms into balls or lumps of ice over 0.2 inch in diameter
big water	Large Volume, fast current, big waves, often accompanied by huge reversals and extreme general turbulence
amino acid	The basic subunit of proteins.
alumina	Oxide of aluminium
contamination	Act of making a substance impure, radioactive, or unclean.
precipitate	An insoluble reaction product in an aqueous chemical reaction.
landfall	The coastline location where a tropical storm or hurricane moves from ocean onto land.
tropical rainforest	Forested biome found near the equator and dominated by evergreen vegetation.
principal	A person or organisation able to make, and obliged to fulfil, all the conditions of a contract.
anhydrous	Free of water
extrinsic semiconductor	The product of doping a pure semiconductor.
wetting and drying	Physical weathering process where rocks are mechanically disintegrated by the accumulation of successive layers of water molecules in between the mineral grains of a rock
wavelength	the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation.
greenhouse effect	the process that raises the temperature of air in the lower atmosphere due to heat trapped by greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone.
sic	VIEWS parameter: Silicon (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-21-3; AQS Code: 83165; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
heat treatment	Heating and cooling a metal or alloy in such a way as to obtain desired conditions or properties.
active groups	Really fixed ions bolted on to the matrix of an ion exchanger
standard	In construction, a test method used as a basis for comparing material performance.
forging	Shaping steel and some non-ferrous metals while hot by repeated hammer blows
jadeite	A sodium aluminum silicate that has become the most popular form of jade
window	A wide band gap material chosen for its transparency to light
secondary hardness	An increase in hardness which sometimes occurs when hardened steel is re-heated
ion	(1) An atom that has too many or too few electrons, causing it to have an electrical charge, and therefore, to be chemically active
issolve	the process by which solid particles mix molecule by molecule with a liquid and appear to become part of the liquid.
spray irrigation	application of finely divided water droplets to crops using artificial means.
substrate	Layer of metal underlying a coating, regardless of whether the layer is basis metal.
h-bomb	An abbreviation for hydrogen bomb.
position limit	A value limit on the futures trades a broker will perform for a client
tuberculation	development or formation of small mounds of corrosion products on the inside of iron pipe
algae	simple rootless plants that grow in sunlit waters in proportion to the amount of available nutrients
radioisotope	An isotope that is radioactive
plasma	A gas so hot that all electrons are stripped away from the atoms
probe	Single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules of specific base sequence, labeled either radioactively or immunologically, which are used to detect the complementary base sequence by hybridization.
off-peak power	Electricity used in periods of low demand.
light yellow	A trade term used by some dealers to cover a wide range of colors in the low end of the diamond color-grading scale
fsu	Functional subunits of tissues; for example, nephrons in kidney, alveoli in lung.
methoxychlor	pesticide that causes adverse health effects when found in domestic water supplies
borrow	A carry trade whereby a market participant buys a prompt in the near-term and simultaneously sells a prompt in the longer-term.
utility	Company that provides a public service or product such as electricity, water, or telephone.
interface	the common boundary between two substances such as water and a solid, water and a gas, or two liquids such as water and oil.
polypedon	An identifiable soil with distinct characteristics found in a location or region
tin	When present in steel it is an undesirable
cement copper	An impure form of copper recovered by acid precipitation from low grade ore or residues on to steel scrap
liquid carburising	A widely used method of case-hardening steel that eliminates scaling and the tendency to decarburisation and results in clean components
creek	a small stream of water which serves as the natural drainage course for a drainage basin
stratification	The process of separating a database into different groups according to (of data) some detail of their origin, for the purposes of improving statistical sensitivity.
toughness	The ability of a metal to rapidly distribute
nonproliferation	Policy to discourage (and even prevent) non-nuclear weapons nations from acquiring nuclear bombs.
cytoplasm	the protoplasm outside the nucleus
tributary	a stream that contributes its water to another stream or body of water.
self discharge	The rate at which a battery, without a load, will lose its charge.
network structure	A structure in which the grains or crystals of one constituent are partly or entirely enveloped in another constituent; an etched section through the crystals resembles a network.
omc	Organic mass estimated from the IMPROVE organic carbon measurement (see POM).
affinity	The keenness with which an ion exchanger takes up and holds on to a counter-ion
active solar heater	A solar water or space-heating system that moves heated air or water using pumps or fans.
silicon	Symbol:"Si" Atomic Number:"14" Atomic Mass: 28.09amu
low pressure	An area of atmospheric pressure within the Earth's atmosphere that is below average
paleolake	An ancient lake that existed in the past when hydrological conditions were different.
enrolled bill	the final, certified bill sent to the President; House and Senate versions of a bill must match exactly in order to be enrolled.
na	VIEWS Status Flag: Not available from source data; Source: VIEWS
roentgen	Unit of exposure to ionizing radiation.
transpiration	The process by which water vapour is released into the atmosphere after transpiring of living plants.
north magnetic pole	Location in the Northern Hemisphere where the lines of force from Earth's magnetic field are vertical
bedding plane	A layer in a series of sedimentary beds that marks a change in the type of deposits.
urban runoff	storm water from city streets and adjacent domestic or commercial properties that carries pollutants of various kinds into the sewer systems and receiving waters.
stable air mass	An air mass which has little vertical mixing
oar rubber	Piece of thick rubber used to hold an oar to the thole pin.
contracted sweep	A misnomer that refers to extending the duration of the sweep to permit viewing discontinuities or back reflections from deeper in the test object
exfoliation	A type of corrsion that progresses approximately parallel to the outer surface of the metal, causing layers of the metal to be elevated by the formation of corrosion product.
lance	A steel tube for introducing a gas , e.g
lobe	A tongue-like extension of some material
dysprosium	Symbol:"Dy" Atomic Number:"66" Atomic Mass: 162.50amu
contrast ratio	The relative difference in the film or detector density (darkness) between the image background and a feature of interest.
particulate loading	The mass of particulates per unit volume of water.
aqueous	something made up of water.
atomic energy	energy released in nuclear reactions
plume	Airborne emissions from a specified source and the path through the atmosphere of these emissions.
pm2.5	Mass per cubic metre of particles passing through the inlet of a size selective sampler with a transmission efficiency of 50% at an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometres.
biomonitoring	The use of living organisms to test the suitability of effluents for discharge into receiving waters and to test the quality of such waters downstream from the discharge.
erosion	the wearing away of the land surface by wind, water, ice or other geologic agents
phytoplankton	Free-floating, mostly microscopic aquatic plants.
horst fault	A fault that is produced when two reverse faults cause a block of rock to be push up.
estuarine waters	deepwater tidal habitats and tidal wetlands that are usually enclosed by land but have access to the ocean and are at least occasionally diluted by freshwater runoff from the land (such as bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes, lagoons).
land breeze	Local thermal circulation pattern found at the interface between land and water
algorithm	A set of steps for solving a specific problem. Algorithms can be expressed in many ways but are commonly expressed as one or more mathmatical equations.
potentiometric surface	The surface to which water in an aquifer can rise by hydrostatic pressure.
forest	Ecosystem dominated by trees
morbidity	illness or ill health.
martensite	The hard constituent produced when steel is cooled from the hardening temperature at a speed greater than its critical cooling rate
footwall	the underlying side of a fault, ore body or mine working
playa	A dry lake bed found in a desert.
heightened awareness	The shift toward a more vivid, energized way of seeing and experiencing that tens to happen on river trips, especially trips infused with an atmosphere of acceptance and appreciation
continuous hot rolled plate	Heavy gauge coil from a continuous hot rolling line can be used as a substitute for discrete plate in some applications
tangential	See circumferential.
blinding	A build-up of particles in a filter medium, that prevents fluids from flowing through.
electrical grid	An integrated system of electricity distribution, usually covering a large area.
short	A producer or fabricator is in a short physical position when they have a commitment to deliver in the future but no metal in hand or due soon to be received
contrast transmittance	Ratio between apparent and inherent spectral contrast
surface heat flux	Process where heat energy is transferred into land and ocean surfaces on the Earth
biogeochemical cycling	the flow of chemical substances to and from the major environmental reservoirs (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere).
return on investment	A measure of the profitability of a business enterprise
dna repair	The cell's ability to repair DNA damage and restore the original base sequences
semi-confined aquifer	An aquifer partially confined by soil layers of low permeability through which recharge and discharge can still occur.
merrill crowe circuit	Removal of gold and silver from pregnant cyanide solution by de-oxygenation, followed by precipitation on zinc dust, followed by filtration to recover the resultant auriferous gold and silver slimes.
trigon	Triangular shaped natural, with very fine triangular concentric lines
noble gas	The Noble Gases are the all of the elements in the furthest right column of the periodic table
solder	A technique used in making and repairing jewelry whereby two pieces of metal are joined by applying a molten metal which has a lower melting point than the two metals being joined.
system boundary	Outer edge of system
sbq	Special Bar Quality
projected dose	The dose that would be expected to be incurred if no protective measure(s) were to be taken.
capital assets	Assets, purchased as a long term investment for generating profit, such as buildings, plant and machinery and fixtures etc.
correlation coefficient	Statistic that measures the degree of linear association between two variables
subpolar glacier	Glacier in which the ice found from the its surface to base has a temperature as cold as -30° Celsius throughout the year
substitute data	Some IMPROVE monitoring sites did not meet EPA Regional Haze Rule data completeness requirements for the baseline period (2000-04)
hedge buying	Placing immediate purchase orders or forward orders to avoid an expected price increase
soil erosion	the processes by which soil is removed from one place by forces such as wind, water, waves, glaciers, and construction activity and eventually deposited at some new place.
molybdenum	Symbol:"Mo" Atomic Number:"42" Atomic Mass: 95.94amu
hardpan	a shallow layer of earth material which has become relatively hard and impermeable, usually through the deposition of minerals
chronic bronchitis	inflammation of the bronchi, the larger airways of the lung
specific conductance	a measure of the ability of a water to conduct an electrical current
stagnation	lack of motion in water that holds pollutants in place.
ghost boat	To push a boat out into the current and let it float empty through a rapid.
chromium	When used as an alloying element, chromium increases the hardenability of steel and in association with high carbon gives resistance to wear and abrasion
eddy	A localized chaotic movement of air or liquid in a generally uniform larger flow.
net profits interest royalty	A royalty based on the profit remaining after recapture of certain operating, capital and other costs.
life of mine	Number of years that the operation is planning to mine and treat ore, and is taken from the current mine plan.
inverse square law	The law which states that when radiation (thermal or nuclear) from a point source is emitted uniformly in all directions, the amount received per unit area at any given distance from the source, assuming no absorption, is inversely proportional to the square of that distance.
wet-bulb thermometer	Thermometer on a psychrometer that has a moisten wick on its reservoir bulb
tenth value layer	That thickness of any material which will reduce radiation intensity by a factor of 10.
demand factor	For an electrical system or feeder circuit, this is a ratio of the amount of connected load (in kva or amperes) that will be operating at the same time to the total amount of connected load on the circuit
asscher cut	In 1902 Joseph Asscher upheld his father's reputation for skill and innovation by designing the original Asscher cut
declination	Location (latitude) on the Earth where the Sun on a particular day is directly overhead (90° from horizon) at solar noon
cis	Commonwealth of Independent States.
overflow rate	One of the guidelines for design of the settling tanks and clarifiers in a treatment plant to determine if tanks and clarifiers are used enough.
biennial plant	Plant species that completes its life in two growing seasons.
heliospheric termination shock	The heliospheric termination shock is the shock that occurs as the solar wind hits the heliopause and its speed slows greatly (down to about 20 km/s).
carbon monoxide	a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by incomplete burning of carbon-based fuels; e.g
overturned fold	A fold in rock layers where one limb is pushed past the perpendicular
standard deviation	A statistical measure of the recent range of prices of a metal which serves as a basis for assessing its current level of volatility.
page	A page is approximately 16K bytes
mean sea-level	The average height of the ocean surface as determined from the mean of all tidal levels recorded at hourly intervals.
face	A term used for flat or plane surface that make up the exterior form of a crystal.
cycle	One complete set of recurrent values of a periodic quantity comprises a cycle.
neutral atmosphere	Condition in the atmosphere where isolated air parcels do not have a tendency to rise or sink
lme	London Metal Exchange
liquid water	The water present within a cloud expressed as a percent of total cloud constitutents, or liquid phase water in an aerosol.
candu	(Canadian heavy water reactor).
erosional landform	Is a landform formed from the removal of weathered and eroded surface materials by wind, water, glaciers, and gravity
hydrophobic	Having an aversion for water.
fine crack	A discontinuity in a solid material with a very fine opening to the surface, but possessing length and depth greater than the width of this opening; usually depth is many time the width.
spot	(i) Physical; immediately available at a named location
caldera volcano	Explosive type of volcano that leaves a large circular depression
epa	Environmental Protection Agency, a federal agency chartered to focus on environmental protection activities in the United States.
radiographer	Any individual who performs or who, in attendance at the site where the sealed source or sources are being used, personally supervises radiographic operations and who is responsible to the licensee for assuring compliance with the requirements of these regulations and the conditions of the licenses.
carbamates	a class of new-age pesticides that attack the nervous system of organisms.
series resistance	Parasitic resistance to current flow in a cell due to mechanisms such as resistance from the bulk of the semiconductor material, metallic contacts, and interconnections.
irradiate	To expose or cause exposure to radiation.
hardness	There are several scales providing a standardised basis for measuring the resistance of a steel to indentation (which has implications for the strength of the steel), among them Vickers, Brinell and Rockwell.
chlorination byproducts	cancer-causing chemicals created when chlorine used for water disinfection combines with dirt and organic matter in water.
steel	The principal structural metal, made from iron
kalema	a violent surf that occurs on the coast of the Guinea region, West Africa.
pelagic species	fish that live at or near the water's surface
jacket	Outermost layer of insulating material of a cable or wire.
urban heat island	Observed condition that urban areas tend to be warmer than surrounding rural areas.
galvanizing	The process of protecting steel against corrosion by coating it with zinc
ice age	Period of time when glaciers dominate the landscape of the Earth
echo	A signal indicating reflected acoustic energy.
reference price	The price written into a period pricing or benchmark contract.
soil moisture	the water contained in the pore space of the unsaturated zone.
radiosensitivity	The relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs, organisms, or other substances to the injurious action of radiation.
dpnsunion	Data Pages Needs Scavenging Union, the set of data pages that have shadowed objects on them.
condensation	The change in state of matter from vapor to liquid that occurs with cooling
six-man raft	A boat 5% by 12 feet that will accommodate one to three people.The cheaper varieties, if used at all,should be fitted with frame and 5-foot oars and should carry only one person.
credit	(i) The tolerance extended by a seller to the buyer for the time he takes to settle invoices
just in time	A system (JIT) adopted by manufacturers by which production lines receive materials and components for immediate use
naked option	A speculative option which the buyer or grantor does not have the resource in metal to cover.
cof	VIEWS parameter: Cobalt (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-48-4; AQS Code: 84113; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
zonal	Movement of wind or ocean waters in a direction that is roughly parallel to the lines of latitude.
triple-rig	Same as Threesome Raft.
diploid	A full set of genetic material consisting of paired chromosomes, one chromosome from each parental set.
seasaltf_bext	VIEWS parameter: Sea Salt (Fine), Light Extinction; Description: Light Extinction due to Fine (PM2.5) Sea Salt; Type Code: CALC
mounting	Mounting refers to an item of jewelry in which one or more stones are set.
bull market	A market in which prices are rising.
wave-cut platform	A flat or slightly sloping bedrock surface that forms in the tidal zone
blocks	A block or series of blocks of material containing artificial or natural discontinuities or one or more reflecting areas at one or more distances from the test surface, which are used for reference in defining the size and distance of defective areas in materials.
strike price	See Basis price.
turbulent flow	A flow that contains may rapid fluctuations.
ppt nws	VIEWS parameter: NWS Stick Gauge Reading; Description: Precipitation amount as measured by the NWS stick rain gage, in mm
gabbro	An intrusive igneous rock that develops from mafic magma and whose mineral crystals are coarse
mercalli scale	A scale for rating the power of an earthquake.
sewerage	The entire system of sewage collection, treatment, and disposal.
water column	A tube filled with water and attached to the front of a transducer to couple an ultrasonic beam to a test object
in situ deposit	Reserves still in the ground
micro	one millionth of a unit (e.g
petroleum coke	Also known as "pet coke"
associate trade members	Members of the LME who are purely clients of broking members.
thunderstorm	A storm several kilometers in diameter created by the rapid lifting of moist warm air which creates a cumulonimbus cloud
combined sewer	A sewer system that carries both sewage and rain water runoff.
allotrope	One of two or more different structural forms for an element.
thermal shock	Thermal shock is the effect of heat or cold applied at such a rate that non-uniform thermal expansion or contraction occur within a given material or combination of materials
igneous rock	Rocks formed by solidification of molten magma either beneath (intrusive igneous rock) or at (extrusive igneous rocks) the Earth's surface.
ground	A large conducting body (such as the earth) used as a common return for an electric circuit and as an arbitrary zero of potential.
daughter products	Decay products are also called "daughter products"
area sources	Non-point land-based emissions sources that are treated as being spread over a spatial extent (usually a county or air district) and that are not movable (as compared to nonroad mobile and on-road mobile sources)
eyepin	A wire finding with a loop at one end
sop	Standard Operating Procedure
megawatt	Unit of power equal to one million watts
esker	Long twisting ridges of sand and gravel found on the Earth's surface
binary alloy	An alloy of two metals.
biner	Short for Carabiner which means "clip" in Italian
martensitic	A heat treatable type of stainless steel with some of the characteristics of austenitic.
recurrence interval	The average time period that separates natural events of a specific magnitude
nap	Notional Average Price on the LME
bromeliad	Plants of the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae)
artisanal mining	Small-scale non-mechanized mining that is done by individuals or small groups of miners typically working with simple hand tools
demagnetization	The process of removing existing magnetism from a part.
abacc	Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials.
front end	The execution side of a broker's trading software.
88378	VIEWS parameter: OP CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC TOR; AQS Code: 88378; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
flash sticker	An ingot that will not separate from the mold because of leakage that
carrying	(i) Carrying is the general term used for both borrowing and lending on the LME
catalytic poison	Substance that disables the function of a catalyst.
drop forging	An operation in which a metal shape is formed
atom	The smallest part of an element that retains its properties
lateral moraine	Moraine that is found along the sides of a glacier
loa	Length overall – gives the length of a vessel and governs the quays at which it can berth.
separative work	A measure of the effort required in an enrichment facility to separate uranium of a given uranium 235 content into two fractions, one with a higher percentage of uranium 235 and one with a lower percentage
ut	Abbreviation for the ultrasonic method of nondestructive testing.
carry	A futures transaction whereby a market participant buys or sells a nearby prompt while simultaneously executing the opposite transaction for a prompt in the longer-term (See Borrow and Lend).
warrant	Bearer document
bioassessment	monitoring the aquatic environment to determine the health of a stream.
milankovitch theory	Theory proposed by Milutin Milankovitch that suggests that changes in the Earth's climate are cause by variations in solar radiation received at the Earth's surface
din	Deutsche Industrie Norm – German standards
succession	Directional cumulative change in the types plant species that occupy a given area, through time.
valve	An electronic device that allows electric current to pass in one direction only
tropical cyclone	Another name for hurricane.
time	Measurable period in which cause and effect occurs and systems function.
fractional distillation	A type of distillation that separates two substances with boiling points that are very close to each other
hot tear	A fracture formed in a metal during solidification because of hindered contraction.
ion	An atom that is electrically-charged because of loss or gain of electrons.
cash	(i) On the LME, the spot position for trading (with settlement on the second following day)
bloom	Steel semi for rolling into other semi-finished and finished products
light year	or 3.1 x 1016 metre (see scientific notation)
eye	Area in the center of a hurricane that is devoid of clouds.
turbine	Wheel with many blades that is spun when steam pushes the blades
total cash cost	Total cash production costs calculated in accordance with the Gold Institute Standard includes direct mining expenses, mine development adjustments, refining and transportation costs, by-product credits, royalties and production taxes.
dendritic	(i) Dendrites are whiskery growths on anodes which can short out the electrolytic process
ammso4f_bext	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Sulfate Extinction (Fine); CAS Number: 7783-20-2; Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
blocking diode	A diode used to restrict or block reverse current from flowing backward through a module
micron	A unit of length equal to one millionth of a
heterojunction	A region of electrical contact between two different semiconductor materials.
containment	A heavy structure completely surrounding a nuclear reactor to prevent radioactivity from getting into the atmosphere in the event of a major accident.
i-beam	See beam.
amendment	a change or addition to an existing law or rule.
receiver	The section of the ultrasonic instrument that amplifies echoes returning from the test object
gauge plate	An alloy tool steel supplied in flat and square
balanced equation	A balanced chemical equation has equal numbers of atoms on each side of the equation
geohydrology	a term which denotes the branch of hydrology relating to subsurface or subterranean waters; that is, to all waters below the surface.
intermittent stream	A stream that flows only for short periods over a year
mof	VIEWS parameter: Molybdenum (Fine); CAS Number: 7439-98-7; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
proven ore	Material for which tonnage and grade are computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, underground workings or drill holes; grade is computed from the results of adequate sampling; and the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are so spaced and the geological character so well-defined that size, shape and mineral content are established.
current	The portion of a stream or body of water, which is moving much faster than the rest of the water
bainite	An intermediate transformation product from austenite in the heat treatment of steel
mean life	The average time during which an atom or other system exists in a particular form.
plane wave	wave in which points of same phase lie on parallel plane surfaces.
dry deposition	Also known as dryfall, includes gases and particles deposited from the atmosphere to water and land surfaces
vac	Volts ac
remote sensor	Mechanical devices used to remotely sense an object or phenomenon.
prevention of significant deterioration	A program established by the Clean Air Act that limits the amount of additional air pollution that is allowed in Class I and Class II areas.
carbo-nitriding	A case-hardening process in which steel
sd	Start Date: A valid date to be used as the "start date" in a date range specification (e.g
qualitative	Qualitative descriptions are those that describe qualities and characteristics
swamp	a type of wetland dominated by woody vegetation but without appreciable peat deposits
bext	See extinction.
mercury	Symbol:"Hg" Atomic Number:"80" Atomic Mass: 200.59amu
aggressive water	Water that is soft and acidic and can corrode plumbing, pipes and appliances.
price at equilibrium	where supply and demand curves intersect
brackish	mixed fresh and salt water.
intercrystalline failure	Cracks or fractures that follow along the grain boundaries in the microstructure of metals and alloys.
rock	A rock is a group of minerals in a mixture
fungi	Group, at the kingdom level, in the classification of life
lox-safe penetrant	A penetrant material or system specifically designed to be compatible with or nonreactive in the presence of liquid oxygen.
panelboard	A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel: includes buses and may come with or without switches and/or automatic overcurrent protective devices for the control of light, heat, or power circuits of individual as well as aggregate capacity
attrition	The action of one particle rubbing against the other in a filter media or ion exchange bed that can in time cause breakdown of the particles.
conservation of matter	Name of the concept that explains how mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.
ions	atoms or molecules with a differing number of electrons compared to nuclear protons, creating a charged particle
elastic	Elastic describes a property of rebound
fauna	the total animal population that inhabits an area.
v7	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid value set equal to the detection limit (DL) since the value was below the DL; Source: NARSTO
ni	Chemical symbol for Nickel.
ge	Chemical symbol for Germanium.
texture	Roughness of the landscape.
tropical depression	An organized group of thunderstorms often found over a tropical ocean that generates a cyclonic flow of between 37 and 63 kilometers per hour
herb	A nonwoody angiosperm whose above ground vegetation dies off seasonally.
wolf	VIEWS parameter: WOLF; Description: AQS STN Calculated; Type Code: CALC
88376	VIEWS parameter: OC3 CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC; AQS Code: 88376; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
blowdown	the water drawn from boiler systems and cold water basins of cooling towers to prevent the buildup of solids.
exosphere	The outermost zone in the Earth's atmosphere
hydrosphere	Region that includes all the earth's liquid water, frozen water, floating ice, frozen upper layer of soil, and the small amounts of water vapour in the atmosphere.
quintal	100 kg
risk management	A strategy designed to minimise exposure to risk factors that could have a negative impact on a company or organisation, usually through the use of insurance, derivatives and hedging practices.
acidity	The quantitative capacity of water to neutralize a base, expressed in ppm or mg/L calcium carbonate equivalent
host	Organism that develops disease from a pathogen or is being feed on by a parasite.
hydroelectric power water use	The use of water in the generation of electricity at plants where the turbine generators are driven by falling water.
full hard	Cold rolled steel (or other metal) that has not been annealed.
thermal electric	Electric energy derived from heat energy, usually by heating a working fluid, which drives a turbogenerator
shield volcano	Volcano created from alternate layers of lava flows
plankton	microscopic floating plant and animal organisms of lakes, rivers, and oceans.
pingo	A large conical mound that contains an ice core
stern	Rear of a boat.
rotational slip	Form of mass movement where material moves suddenly along a curvilinear plane
radioactivity	The ability of certain nuclides to emit particles, gamma rays or x-rays during their spontaneous decay into other nuclei
equiaxed crystals	Crystals, each of which has axes approximately equal in length
pearlite	A lamellar constituent of steel consisting of alternate
lead time	(i) The interval between placing an order and material being delivered
silcretes	Sedimentary rock created by the chemical precipitation of silica.
land application	discharge of wastewater onto the ground for treatment or reuse.
amphoteric	Able to behave as either an acid or a base
deposition nuclei	Six-sided microscopic particle that allows for deposition of water as ice crystals in the atmosphere
bf	Abbreviation for blast furnace
drawdown	the drop in the water table or level of groundwater when water is being pumped from a well; the amount of water used from a tank or reservoir; the drop in the water level of a tank or reservoir.
apoptosis	An active biochemical process of programmed cell death following radiation or other insults.
closed talik	Is a form of localized unfrozen ground (talik) in an area of permafrost
sx/ew	Stands for solvent extraction/electrowinning
mutation	Any heritable change in DNA sequence
fee	Sum of money paid for each transaction, either to an exchange or to a broker.
neutrons	neutrally charged nuclear atomic particles felt to be composed of quarks - uud
diatomaceous	consisting of or abounding in diatoms, a class of unicellular or colonial algae having a silicified cell wall that persists as a skeleton after death.
indirect observation	Scientific investigation to study things that cannot be directly sensed
sensible heat	Heat that can be measured by a thermometer and thus sensed by humans.
erw tube	Steel tube formed from skelp and longitudinally electric resistance welded
aluminum	American spelling of aluminium.
sievert	Unit that measures the effect of radiation on the body
doubling dose	The dose of radiation (Gy) that is required to produce as many heritable mutations as those arising spontaneously in a generation.
efficient	Something done or produced with the least amount of wasted energy.
pm	Project Manager
gamma rays	One of the three types of rays produced by radioactive disintegration, but gamma rays are the only one comprised of electromagnetic radiation
fuel cell	An electrochemical cell in which the energy of a reaction between a fuel, such as hydrogen, and an oxidant, such as oxygen, is converted directly and continuously into electrical energy.
spelter	Obsolete trade name for zinc
service equipment	The necessary equipment, usually consisting of a circuit breaker or switch and fuses and their accessories, located near the point entrance of supply conductors to a building and intended to constitute the main control and cutoff means for the supply to the building.
demurrage	Penalties payable to a shipowner for delays if loading or unloading does not proceed at the rate laid down in the contract
sesarm	Southeast States Air Resource Managers
tppnm	Treaty on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials.
material noise	Random signals caused by the material structure of the test object
amalgam	Liquid mercury has the ability to dissolve other metals to produce alloys and these alloys are called amalgams
2002 base case	Refers to a WRAP emissions or modeling scenario based on 2002 emissions inventories, including actual fire emissions for 2002
osmosis	the passage of a liquid from a weak solution to a more concentrated solution across a semi-permeable membrane that allows passage of the solvent (water) but not the dissolved solids.
related party	Parties are considered related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions.
wrought iron	A commercial iron that has little use today and has been replaced by mild steel
dewater	remove or separate a portion of the water in a sludge or slurry to dry the sludge so it can be handled and disposed; remove or drain the water from a tank, trench, or aquifer.
deposit	an anomalous occurrence of a specific mineral or minerals within the Earth's crust
links	The series of loops that make up a chain or bracelet
ore	Strictly speaking, metalliferous material in the ground, or at minehead
neat brick	Brick with faces arranged so one of the flat faces in inclined toward the other, almost eliminating one end face.
biosphere	the earth and all its ecosystems
nsps	New Source Performance Standard
oceanic plate	A rigid, independent segment of the lithosphere composed of mainly basalt that floats on the viscous plastic asthenosphere and moves over the surface of the Earth
lle	Loss-of-Life-Expectancy, the average amount by which one's life is shortened by a particular risk.
intrusion	body of igneous rock that invades older rocks
cathodic protection	A method of preventing oxidation (rusting) of exposed metal structures, such as bridges and pipelines, by imposing between the structure and the ground a small electrical voltage that opposes the flow of electrons and that is greater than the voltage present during oxidation.
88388	VIEWS parameter: OP CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC TOT; AQS Code: 88388; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
leaching	extraction or flushing out of dissolved or suspended materials from the soil, solid waste, or another medium by water or other liquids as they percolate down through the medium to groundwater.
refining	The final purification process of a metal or mineral.
latent heat of vaporization	The amount of heat energy required from the environment to change the state of a liquid to a gas
v5	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid value but qualified because of possible contamination; Source: NARSTO
black holes	that display characteristics of the super massive black holes found at the centres of some galaxies
bioremediation	a process that uses living organisms to remove pollutants.
detector	A device that determines the presence of or measures the amount of energy, such as radiation.
atom	A particle of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means
hydrostatic pressure	pressure exerted by or existing within a liquid at rest with respect to adjacent bodies.
coagulation	in water treatment, the use of chemicals to make suspended solids gather or group together into small flocs.
ice lense	Horizontal accumulation of permanently frozen ground ice.
psychophysical	The branch of psychology that deals with the relationships between physical stimuli and resulting sensations and mental states.
dose-response	The relationship between the dose of a pollutant and its effect on a biological system.
ice cap	Large dome-shaped glacier found covering a large expanse of land
pluton	Any mass of intrusive igneous rock.
deposition	the laying down of material by erosion or transport by water or air.
ultimate heat sink	The atmosphere, a body of water or ground water (or a combination of these), to which generated heat is transferred.
paleozoic	the first three eras of the Paleozoic, spanning 570 to 428 million years ago
hardness	The hardness of steel is generally determined by testing its resistance to deformation
obsidian	Glassy dark colored volcanic rock
oc3f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Fraction 3 (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88334; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
ampacity	The current-carrying capacity of conductors or equipment, expressed in amperes.
black-scholes	A formula (named after its two inventors) which relates the premium value of an option to a combination of the value of the underlying metal, the time to expiry, the volatility of the metal's price and the prevailing interest rate.
high radiation area	Any area, accessible to personnel, in which there exists radiation originating in whole or in part within licensed material at such levels that a major portion of the body could receive in any one hour a dose in excess of 100 millirems.
jan oort	and extends up to about 1 light year from the Sun
becquerel	Measure of the rate of decay of a radioactive substance
bsp	VIEWS parameter: Light scattering coefficient; Description: Light Scattering Coefficient (Bsp); Type Code: OPT; Units: Inverse megameters
inner core	Inner region of the Earth's core
cleavage	Type of inclusion that appears as a fairly smooth split or crack in a diamond, found along a plane of weakness
hydrogen	A common element in organic and living organisms.
dubnium	Symbol:"Db" Atomic Number:"105" Atomic Mass: (262)amu Dubnium is one of several postactinide elements
alkynes	These compounds are also similar to alkanes
two-tailed statistical test	Is an inferential statistical test where the values for which one can reject the null hypothesis are located either side of the center of the probability distribution.
true north	Direction of the North Pole from an observer on the Earth.
arrhenius equation	An equation that expresses the logarithmic relationship between the rate constant of a reaction and the reciprocal of the temperature (expressed in K).
circle of illumination	A line that bisects areas on the Earth receiving sunlight and those areas in darkness
mean column velocity	the average velocity of fluid flow measured in a column extending from the surface of the water to the bed of the channel
88332	VIEWS parameter: Pk1_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Description: Pk1_Oc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
imperiled species	declining, rare, or uncommon species; species federally listed as threatened or endangered, or candidates for such; and species with limited distributions.
calendar	in the legislative sense, a group of bills or proposals to be discussed or considered in a legislative committee or on the floor of the House or Senate.
premium	The cost of an option, invoiced to the holder and non-refundable, even if the holder does not exercise the option.
transient currents	These currents are of short duration, generated by sudden changed in the electrical or magnetic conditions existing in an electrical or magnetic circuit.
transfer	Sometimes erroneously called give-ups, transfers are a process whereby a client instructs one of his LME brokers to transfer responsibility for an open cleared position to another of his brokers for the sake of strengthening his open position with the latter broker.
organic gemstones	Gemstones that are primarily non-mineral, being formed by plants and animals.
beam	The width of a raft at its widest point.
frm_mass_non-blank	VIEWS parameter: FRM Mass non-Blank; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
troy ounce	(Used in imperial statistics) Equal to 31,10348 grams.
elements	The distinctive building blocks of matter that make up every material substance.
gneiss	A metamorphosed coarse grained igneous rock
garnet	A group of colored minerals with a common crystal structure and similar (but not exact) chemical composition
ph value	A method of expressing differences in the acidity or
toxification	poisoning.
airway hyper-responsiveness	a condition in which the airways of the lung respond more vigorously than usual to stimuli such as allergens
impairment	•the degree to which a scenic view or distance of clear visibility is degraded by man-made pollutants.
isri	Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries
spiegeleisen	An obsolescent low-manganese form of ferro-manganese.
quad	A measure of energy equal to one trillion Btus; an energy equivalent to approximately 172 million barrels of oil.
reduction	A chemical reaction in which ions gain electrons to reduce their positive valence.
annual mean	the average concentration of a pollutant over a year, calculated by, for example, taking the average of 365 daily averages
mistral	Term used to describe a katabatic wind in southern France.
technology-based treatment requirements	NPDES permit requirements based on the application of pollution treatment or control technologies including BTP (best practicable technology), BCT (best conventional technology), BAT (best available technology economically achievable), and NSPS (new source performance standards).
tube settler	device using bundles of tubes to let solids in water settle to the bottom for removal by conventional sludge collection means
steady state operation	The operation of the plasma in a way in which termination of the pulse is not determined by plasma behaviour, but is rather a choice of the operator
bed/beds	Perhaps the most common term in geology, meaning layer or stratum
propagation	Advancement of a wave through a medium.
ingot	Form of cast refined metal used for convenience of shipment and handling
continuity	The state of being whole, unbroken.
crossover	Genetics term for chromosomes literally crossing over DNA from one chromosome to another.
keystone species	Species that interacts with a large number of other species in a community
base flow	Rate of discharge in a stream where only the throughflow and groundwater flow from subsurface aquifers contribute to the overall flow.
organism	Any form of life.
necking	Reducing the cross sectional area of the metal in an area by stretching.
tight hole	A drilling well in which the information obtained is restricted and passed only to those authorized to receive it.
injection zone	a geological formation receiving fluids through a well.
energy audit	A survey that shows how much energy you use in your house or apartment
so2	sulphur dioxide; a gas that is formed when fuel containing sulphur (mainly coal and oil) is burned
facultative bacteria	bacteria that can live under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
geostationary orbit	Satellite that has an orbit that keeps it over the same point on the Earth at all times
rowing frame	A rigid frame that provides a seatfor the oarsman and allows the raftto be controlled by large oars
exposure	A general term used loosely to express what a person receives as a result of being exposed to ionizing radiation.
fire point	The lowest temperature at which a liquid in an open container will give off sufficient vapors to burn once ignited
unkilled steel	Steel which has been insufficiently deoxidised and evolves gas during solidification with the formation of blow-holes.
internal transport barrier	ITB, a magnetic field configuration which slows down energy conduction transverse to it
nobelium	Symbol:"No" Atomic Number:"102" Atomic Mass: (259)amu
smog	a dense, discolored radiation fog containing large quanities of soot, ash, and gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, responsible for human respiratory ailments
electroplating	See electrolysis.
impervious	the quality or state of being impermeable; resisting penetration by water or plant roots
scale	The oxidised surface of steel produced during hot working,
dna sequence	The relative order of base pairs, whether in a fragment of DNA, a gene, a chromosome, or an entire genome.
malleability	The characteristic of metals which permits plastic deformation in compression without rupture.
filament	A dark line on the Sun’s surface when a prominence is seen projected against the solar disk.
stainless steel	Can be defined as a group of corrosion resisting steels containing a minimum 10% chromium and in which varying amounts of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium as well as other elements may be present
standard tube	A general term referring to small- and medium-diameter tube or pipe much smaller than line pipe used for slurry, oil, gas or other large-scale liquid transmission
extraction	The process of mining and removal of coal or ore from a mine.
refining	(a) The removal of impurities and metallic oxides from the molten bath by the reaction of the slag and other additions
legume	Angiosperm plant species that is a member of the Fabaceae (Pea or Bean) family
vitrification	The incorporation of high-level wastes into borosilicate glass, to make up about 14% of it by mass
martensite	The very hard structure in certain irons and steels that is usually formed by quenching (rapid cooling) from an elevated temperature
markers	A series of indications on the horizontal trace of the cathode ray tube to show increments of time or distance.
system)	A Photovoltaic system in which the Photovoltaic array acts like a central generating plant, supplying power to the grid.
sunspot	Dark colored region on the Sun that represents an area of cooler temperatures and extremely high magnetic fields.
density	Density is defined as the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume
martensite	The hard constituent produced when steel is
proxy data	Data that measures the cause and effect relationship between two variables indirectly.
source	any place or object from which air pollutants are released.
electron	A sub-particle of an atom that contains a negative atomic charge.
biotic potential	Maximum rate that a population of a given species can increase in size (number of individuals) when there are no limits on growth rate.
sediment	Solid material that has been or is being eroded, transported, and deposited
powder metallurgy	A method of producing components by pressing or moulding metal powders which may be simultaneously or subsequently heated to produce a coherent mass.
hydrostatic head	a measure of pressure at a given point in a liquid in terms of the vertical height of a column of the same liquid which would produce the same pressure.
tracer elements	An element which is emitted most strongly by a specific source or class of sources, and can therefore be used as evidence for an impact by such a source when the element is detected in an air pollution sample.
current liabilities	Money owed and payable by a company, usually within one year.
fusion	Fusion involves the joining of two lighter elements into a single heavier nucleus
lake	A body standing water found on the Earth's continental land masses
visual range	the distance at which a large black object would just disappear from view.
erosion	The wearing away of the land surface by wind, water, ice or other geological agents
period	Periods are the rows of the periodic table
geothermal energy	Energy from heat inside the earth.
iaea	International Atomic Energy Agency, an agency created in 1954 within the United Nations to create and apply international safeguards consistent with promoting the peaceful uses of atomic energy while simultaneously preventing new nations from making nuclear weapons
alternative fuels	Any method of powering an engine that does not involve petroleum (oil)
switching	(i) On the LME, the exchange of metal in one warehouse for that in another, e.g
autotransformer	A special type of single coil transformer in which the output voltage can be easily varied
toxicity reduction evaluation	a study conducted to determine the source(s) of toxicity in a discharge effluent so that these sources can be controlled sufficiently to allow a discharger to comply with their permit limits.
penetrant	A fluid (usually a liquid but can be a gas) which possesses unique properties that render it highly capable of entering small openings, a characteristic which makes this fluid especially suitable for use in the detection of surface discontinuities which may be present.
filter	A layer of absorption material that is placed in the beam of radiation for the purpose of absorbing rays of certain wavelengths and thus controlling the quality of the radiograph.
alpha particle	A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay
be_mmo_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate MMO PM2.5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
plasma	The fourth state of matter
toxicity assessment	Characterization of the toxicological properties and effects of radiation or chemical, with special emphasis on establishment of dose-response characteristics.
pcm1_vol_no3	VIEWS parameter: PCM1 Vol NO3; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
wire	Strand made from wire rod by drawing through a succession of dies until reduced to the desired gauge (diameter).
lumpy ore	Iron ore that is lumpy as-mined and ready to charge to the blast furnace (unless the iron content needs upgrading)
radiography	Use of ionizing radiation to produce shadow images on a photographic film
eustacy	Variations in sea-level that are related to changes in the volume of seawater in the oceans.
phylum	A group or category used in the taxonomic and/or phylogenic classification of organisms
river	a natural stream of water of considerable volume.
recarbonization	Process in which carbon dioxide is bubbled into treatment water in order to lower the pH.
extrusion	A process of heating a billet of metal to a plastic state and forcing it through a die
give-ups	A give-up occurs when a client instructs an executing LME broker to give up an uncleared contract to another of his LME brokers for the purpose of being entered into the clearing and eventually settled
colloids	Matter of very small particle size, in the range of 10-5 to 10-7 in diameter.
billet	A semi-finished piece of steel that results from rolling an ingot or a bloom
cleanup	treatment, remediation, or destruction of contaminated material.
babs	VIEWS parameter: Light absorption coefficient; Description: Light Absorption Coefficient (Non-corrected); Type Code: OPT
separation	The interposing of distance between the combustible particulate solid process and other operations that are in the same room.
isotropic	A situation where a quantity (or its spatial derivatives) are independent of position or direction.
spiral welded tube	Large-diameter steel tube produced by winding coil on a mandrel at 45 degrees and welding the resulting seam.
float-zone process	A method of growing a large-size, high-quality crystal whereby coils heat a polycrystalline ingot placed atop a single-crystal seed
heat	Heat is defined as energy in the process of being transferred from one object to another because of the temperature difference between them
skin pass mill	A mill used to fine-tune the surface finish, dimensions and physical properties of the surface of a coil of steel.
dod	'Depth of Discharge,' from 100-percent state of charge (SOC), in a battery or battery system.
scrap	It forms the basic raw material for making steel by the
renewable fuels	Fuels that can be easily made or "renewed." We can never use up renewable fuels
watershed	Catchment area of a drainage basin.
induction furnace	This form of furnace consists of a vessel surrounded by an electromagnetic coil which heats up the steel charge by generating eddy currents in it
continuous caster	A machine used to continuously produce blooms from molten steel with no interruptions or intermediate operations.
open pit	A mine where the minerals are mined entirely from the surface.
malleable iron	Iron castings which have been made less brittle by heat treatment
hyperion	Hyperion is one of the 18 moons of Saturn
instability	A plasma state in which any small perturbation is amplified to a considerable change in the equilibrium of the system, leading to disruptions.
elastic limit	The maximum stress that can be applied to a metal without producing permanent deformation
fuel	A fuel is a substance that releases heat energy when treated in a certain way
merchant	A metal merchant, as distinct from a producer's agent or broker, often acts as a principal, buying steel, metal, concentrate or scrap from producers and others and selling it on to others
geographical coordinate system	System that uses the measures of latitude and longitude to locate points on the spherical surface of the Earth.
bottled water	Water that is sold in plastic containers for drinking water and/ or domestic use.
volcanic pipe	A dyke reaches the surface of the Earth
super-vhs	A high definition video format which is capable of achieving horizontal resolution of over 400 lines
opacity	The ability of a substance to absorb radiation
acid	In Arrhenius theory, a species that dissociates to produce hydrogen ions
hoist	The machine used for raising and lowering the cage or other conveyance in a shaft.
capping	Closing in a well to prevent the escape of gas.
photopic	Vision or wavelength response of the cones of a normal eye when exposed to a luminance of at least 3.4 candelas per square meter.
marine	With reference to ocean environments and processes.
nephelometer	An instrument used to measure the light scattering component of light extinction.
shear stress	Stress caused by forces operating parallel to each other but in opposite directions.
amide	An organic compound formally derived from a carboxylic acid by the replacement of the hydroxyl group by -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2.
direct insulation	Sunlight falling directly upon a collector
inselberg	A German term used to describe a steep-sided hill composed of rock that rises from a pediplain.
extrusion	The production of a section by forcing a billet to flow through a die
lime	Common water treatment chemical
fragmentiser	See shredder.
half-life	Time for a radioactive substance to lose half of its activity due to radioactive decay
waterspout	A vortex of rapidly moving air over water that is associated with some thunderstorms.
epaqs	Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards
fault gouge	Soft, un-cemented pulverized clay or claylike material, commonly a mixture of minerals in finely divided form, found along some faults or between the walls of a fault, and filling or partly filling a fault zone; a slippery mud that coats the fault surface or cements the fault breccia
stream long profile	Vertical and horizontal profile of the stream
benzene	One of the aromatic hydrocarbons, produced from crude oil via fractional distillation and cataytic reforming, or from toluene via dealkylation
condensation nuclei	The small nuclei or particles with which gaseous constituents in the atmosphere (e.g., water vapor) collide and adhere.
coil mill	(i) A set of rolling stands (usually four or five) set in line, each successive stand reducing the gauge or thickness of the steel passing through; a hot rolling mill works on pre-heated slabs, a cold rolling mill further reduces the gauge of hot rolled coil without pre-heating it, producing cold rolled coil
module	See 'Photovoltaic Module.'
emc	Electromagnetic compatibility.
fluorescence	The slow emission of longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation
metadata	Data about data
separate sewer	A sewer system that carries only sanitary sewage; no storm-water runoff
rod & tube mills	These are types of circular grinding mills used to break the ore down into fine particles in preparation for dissolving out the gold by means of cyanide.
assimilative capacity	the capacity of a natural body of water to receive and dilute wastewaters or toxic materials without damage to aquatic life or humans who consume the water.
overcurrent	Any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor
air	The air that we breathe is a mixture of gases
risk constraint	A prospective and source-related restriction on the individual risk (in the sense of probability of detriment due to a potential exposure) from a source, which provides a basic level of protection for the individuals most at risk from a source and serves as an upper bound on the individual risk in optimization of protection for that source
municipal sewage	sewage from a community which may be composed of domestic sewage, industrial wastes or both.
cobalt	An alloying element used in tool, magnet and heat resisting steels
isotopes	Atoms consist of electrons orbiting a tightly bound nucleus containing neutron and protons
sulfur dioxide	A gas molecule consisting of one sulfur atom and two oxygen atoms produced as a by-product of burning fossil fuels that contain sulfur impurities.
mil	0.001-inch
ambient air	Air that is accessible to the public.
nic	VIEWS parameter: Nickel (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-02-0; AQS Code: 83136; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
mass concentration	the mass of a pollutant in milligrams (mg), micrograms (µg) or nanograms (ng) in a given volume of air, usually a cubic metre (m3)
critical temperature	The temperature at which some phase change
thorium	Symbol:"Th" Atomic Number:"90" Atomic Mass: 231.04amu
gallon	A unit of volume
mesotrophic	reservoirs and lakes that contain moderate quantities of nutrients and are moderately productive in terms of aquatic animal and plant life.
inhibitor	Chemical that interferes with a chemical reaction, such as precipitation.
groundwater hydrology	The branch of hydrology that deals with the occurrence, movements, replenishment and depletion, properties and methods of investigation and utilisation of groundwater.
geotechnical	Diamond drilling targeted and utilized specifically for the collection of information used for mine stability purposes.
salt marsh	Coastal wetland ecosystem that is inundated for some period of time by seawater
stream flow	The flow of water in a river or stream channel.
metabolise	Conversion of food, for instance soluble organic matter, to cellular matter and gaseous by-products through a biological process.
internally mixed	Refers to the situation where individual particles contain one or more species
structural section	Steel girders and heavy angles used in construction
roughing stand	The first millstand in a hot rolling mill train (a series of stands).
target	Object in the distance observed by a person or instrument for visibility measurements.
lakes	substantial inland bodies of standing water.
advanced wastewater treatment	Any treatment of sewage water that includes the removal of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and a high percentage of suspended solids.
bed	Sedimentary structure that usually represents a layer of deposited sediment.
turnaround	The closure of a refinery for a period of time for maintenance purposes.
work hardening	The increase in hardness and strength produced by
soft x-rays	The quality or penetrating power of x-radiation; their penetrating power is relatively slight.
critical load	the quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to present knowledge.
cfc	see chlorofluorocarbons.
reverse ferry	A rowing technique whereby the oarsman rows diagonally downstream for a short distance so as to power stern first into an eddy
barrier island	Long, narrow islands of sand and/or gravel that are usually aligned parallel to the shore of some coasts.
dynamic metamorphism	Form of metamorphism that causes only the structural alteration of rock through pressure
volcanic neck	See volcanic pipe.
t-bar	A form of unwrought aluminium with a T-shaped cross section to facilitate handling by fork lift truck
confined aquifer	an aquifer that lies between two relatively impermeable rock layers.
echf	VIEWS parameter: Eh IMPROVE Pm2.5 LC; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88323; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
beam	A structural section which may also be referred to as a joist or as a girder
discharge	See stream discharge.
refrigerants	cooling substances, many of which contain CFCs and are harmful to the earth's ozone layer.
scale	The oxidised surface of steel produced during hot working, as in rolling, and by exposure to air or steam at elevated temperature.
ozone layer	Atmospheric concentration of ozone found at an altitude of 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface
interlock	A device for precluding access to an area of radiation hazard either by preventing entry or by automatically removing the hazard.
shear	See magnetic shear
conflict diamond	Diamonds that are controlled by factions, rebel groups, and other forces that use them to finance war against internationally recognized legitimate governments.
kilogram	one thousand grams.
base metals	Major industrial non-ferrous metals other than precious metals and minor metals
elastic limit	The maximum stress to which a material may be subjected with no permanent deformation after release of the applied load.
thixotropic	Liable to become liquid when agitated
support systems	Systems which provide services to a main plant system or systems
beta particles	Radioactive elements can emit several types of radiation
end-of-pipe techniques	Techniques for water purification that serve the reduction pollutants after they have formed.
killed steel	The term indicates that the steel has been completely deoxidised by the addition of an agent such as silicon or aluminium, before casting, so that there is practically no evolution of gas during solidification
cadmium	A chemical element, atomic number 48, used in making certain types of solar cells and batteries.
reserve capacity	Extra treatment capacity built into wastewater treatment plants and sewers to be able to catch up with future flow increases due to population growth.
random	Process or event that occurs by chance.
electrical steels	Steels which are characterised by their magnetic properties and are intended for the manufacture of electrical circuits
fusion	Combining (fusing) the nuclei of two light atoms into one heavier nucleus (a process that releases an enormous amount of energy; more energy than from fission)
tissue	A group of similar cells that are organized into a structure with a specific purpose.
body-in-white	The completed steel 'shell' or 'skeleton' structure of a car prior to the addition opening body parts, such as doors, and before painting.
nitric oxide	A gas produced by bacterial action in the soil and by high temperature combustion
proton	See atom.
irf	VIEWS parameter: Iridium (Fine); CAS Number: 7439-88-5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
microbeam	A machine capable of delivering defined radiation doses or particle numbers to known cellular locations
hydrometer	an instrument used to measure the density of a liquid.
bohrium	Symbol:"Bh" Atomic Number:"107" Atomic Mass: (264)amu
water supplier	one who owns or operates a public water system.
ro	(Technical) Responsible Officer
net primary productivity	Total amount of chemical energy fixed by the processes of photosynthesis minus the chemical energy lost through respiration.
iodine	A naturally-occurring element required in small amounts for the normal working of the thyroid
ldc	See less developed country.
hydrostatic equilibrium	Hydrostatic equilibrium is a stable condition in a star in which the fluid matter within the star is at an equilibrium with respect to all forces, including the inward-pulling force of gravity, the out-ward pulling buoyancy due to pressure differentials, and the out-ward pulling forces of radiative pressure.
ph	Acidity and alkalinity of aqueous solutions are axpressed in terms of pH
horizon	The horizon is an imaginary circle that delimits the sky and the Earth, or an extension of the plane of the observer (at an altitude of 0 degrees).
deflation hollow	A surface depression or hollow commonly found in arid and semiarid regions caused by wind erosion
infiltration rate	the quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval.
sp	VIEWS parameter: Sample Protocol Code; Description: A code indicating departures from standard sample collection procedures that may have compromised sample integrity.; Type Code: FLAG
battery energy storage	The three main applications for battery energy storage systems include spinning reserve at generating stations, load leveling at substations, and peak shaving on the customer side of the meter
nafta	North American Free Trade Area
precambrian	Span of geologic time that dates from 4.6 billion to 570 million years ago
nitrogen dioxide	Gas molecule consisting of one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms that is a combustion by-product of burning fossil fuels
approved delivery point	A location approved by an exchange for delivery of underlying asset to satisfy futures contracts.
tropical storm	An organized group of thunderstorms often found over a tropical ocean that generates a cyclonic flow of between 64 and 118 kilometers per hour
hismelt	A direct reduction (see DRI) process for iron-making, based on the use of iron ore fines and non-coking coal for the production of hot metal
moissanite	An extremely rare natural occurring mineral scientifically known as Silicon carbide is a compound made of ceramic components of silicon and carbon that is feigned on a bulk scale for utilizing essentially as an abrasive.
wastewater infrastructure	The plan or network for the collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage in a community.
collector sewers	Pipes to collect and carry wastewater from individual sources to an interceptor sewer that will carry it to a treatment facility.
boyle's law	A scientist named Robert Boyle came up with an understanding of the way pressure and volume are related (at constant temperatures)
membrane filter	A thin filter, usually made of a synthetic polymer, with microscopic holes in it
dry deposition	The transport of gases and minute liquid and solid particles from the atmosphere to the ground surface without the aid of precipitation or fog
aliquot	A measured portion of a sample taken for analysis
secondary treatment	second step in most waste treatment systems, in which bacteria break down the organic parts of sewage wastes; usually accomplished by bringing the sewage and bacteria together in trickling filters or in the activated sludge process
back siphonage	Reverse seepage of water in a distribution system.
geiger counter	An electronic instrument for detecting and measuring radiation and radioactive substances.
remnant magnetism	The term applied to the magnetism remaining in a magnetic circuit after the magnetizing force is removed.
heredity	The transmission of behavioral, physiological and morphological characteristics from parent to offspring.
setting	Setting refers to the style in which a gemstone is held by precious metal into a mounting
premium	(i) The cost of buying an option
rain gauge	Instrument that measures the rain that falls at a location over a period of time.
sulfuric acid	Acid with the chemical formula H2SO4.
sandstone	A type of sedimentary rock that contains a large quantity of weathered quartz grains.
fettling	The removal of sand adhering to castings by
sedimentation	a large scale water treatment process where heavy solids settle out to the bottom of the treatment tank after flocculation.
amino acid	A large class of substances with molecules including the amino and carboxyl groups.In the human body, amino acids are joined together to form long chains as part of the structures of proteins
elevated layer	A pollution distribution that is not in contact with the ground.
irrigation return flow	water which is not consumptively used by plants and returns to a surface or ground water supply
granite	medium-to coarse-grained igneous rock usually light-coloured g/t - unit of grade for precious metals: grams per tonne (= parts per million)
coastline	The line that separates a land surface from an ocean or sea.
air-hardening steel	Sometimes referred to as self-hardening steel
ionosphere	A region of charged particles in a planet's upper atmosphere
groundwater	Water that occupies the pore spaces found in some types of bedrock.
ex-warehouse	Goods sold ex-warehouse are usually placed on the truck, wagon or barge of the buyer
leachate	Solution containing material leached from a soil.
windblown dust	Emissions associated with aeolian re-entrainment affecting the release of dust and organic carbon from disturbed or undisturbed lands by land use type
ordovician	Geologic period that occurred roughly 438 to 505 million years ago
static water level	elevation or level of the water table in a well when the pump is not operating; the level or elevation to which water would rise in a tube connected to an artesian aquifer or basin in a conduit under pressure.
concrete space	Actual geographic space in the real world
iron carbide	A compound of iron and carbon forming naturally in a blast furnace
vdc	Volts DC
penumbra	The outer part of the shadow of a body where sunlight is partially blocked by the body.
megaton	A measure of explosive power equal to 1 million tons of TNT.
show-through	When you can see what's written on the other side of a sheet of paper without the ink coming through the page
safe yield	The annual amount of water that can be taken from a source of supply over a period of years without depleting that source beyond its ability to be naturally refilled.
water system	A river and all its branches.
triangularity	The amount of inward asymmetry in a noncircular-shaped plasma.
surface wave	Type of seismic wave that travels across the Earth's surface
coefficient	Air pollution epidemiological studies tend to relate effects on health to concentrations of air pollutants
li	Chemical symbol for Lithium.
reducing	A reducing atmosphere in a furnace drives out oxygen
kame	a short ridge, hill, or mound of stratified drift deposited by glacial meltwater.
i/d	Inside diameter (of tube etc.).
front surface	The first surface of the test object encountered by the ultrasonic beam
nuclear supplier's group	A group of states that agree to certain conditions on the export of nuclear-related "dual-use" materials, items and technologies, as defined in annexes to INFCIRC/254 rev
impermeable	material that does not permit fluids to pass through.
perennial stream	one that flows all year round
peak watts	See 'Photovoltaic peak watt.'
neptunium	Symbol:"Np" Atomic Number:"93" Atomic Mass: 237.05amu
rill	A very small steep sided channel carrying water
notched bar	An ingot which has several deep notches along its length to enable it to be broken and allow precise amounts of metal or alloy to be added to the melt.
stream channel	Long trough-like depression that is normally occupied by the water in a stream.
clearcutting	a logging technique in which all trees are removed from an area, typically 20 acres or larger, with little regard for long-term forest health.
oxide mineral	A mineral that is made up of compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to a metal
adjudication	a court proceeding to determine all rights to the use of water on a particular stream system or ground water basin.
insulation	Any building material used to achieve thermal comfort
recharge area	An area where rainwater soaks through the ground to reach an aquifer.
carbon dioxide	a naturally occurring greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, concentrations of which have increased (from 280 parts per million in preindustrial times to over 350 parts per million today) as a result of humans' burning of coal, oil, natural gas and organic matter (e.g., wood and crop wastes).
aluminothermy	A process which exploits the exothermic characteristics of finely-divided aluminium and/or ferro-silicon to generate high temperatures on combustion
bloom	a proliferation of algae and/or higher aquatic plants in a body of water; often related to pollution or excessive nutrients, especially when they accelerate growth.
mhd instability	Instabilities driven by the energy of the magnetic field and by the momentum of charged particles in the plasma
transpiration	Transpiration is the process of water loss from plants through stomata
connector	A device providing electrical connection/disconnections
convection	Convection involves the transfer of heat energy by means of vertical mass motions through a medium.
bottomset bed	Horizontal deltaic deposit of alluvial sediment composed of fine silt and clay.
annular space	the space between two concentric cylindrical objects, one of which surrounds the other, such as the space between the walls of a drilled hole and a casing.
absorbed dose rate	Absorbed dose divided by the time it takes to deliver that dose
fen	a type of wetland that accumulates peat deposits, but not as much as a bog
bessemer steel	The original 19th century steel produced by blowing air through molten steel in a converter.
valmin	Value Minimum: A valid decimal value to be used as the minimum value in a data range specification
high altitude burst	This is defined, somewhat arbitrarily, as a detonation at an altitude over 100,000 feet
geostrophic wind	Horizontal wind in the upper atmosphere that moves parallel to isobars
carbon dioxide flooding	A tertiary crude oil recovery process in which CO2 is injected in the reservoir under conditions that result in the mixing of the injected fluid and the reservoir fluid, making the fluid more viscous and pumpable.
photovoltaic array	An interconnected system of Photovoltaic modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit
cruise missile	An unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path
volatility	the tendency of a liquid to evaporate.
erg desert	A region in a desert where sand is very abundant.
frank-effect level	Exposure level that produces unmistakable adverse effects, such as irreversible functional impairment or mortality, at a statistically or biologically significant increase in frequency or severity between an exposed population and its appropriate control.
section	This term applies to steel long products of various cross sections, particularly those used for construction – medium and heavy structural sections
facultative bacteria	Bacteria that can live under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
maraging steels	Nickel-containing steels which attain their highest strength by heat treatment followed by ageing for several hours at lower temperature
ingot iron	Iron of comparatively high purity produced in open-hearth furnace under conditions that keep down the carbon, manganese, and silicon content; e.g., Armco Iron
shank	The shank is the part of a ring that encircles the finger.
laboratory water	Purified water used in the laboratory as a basis to create solutions or making dilutions
microwave radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 to 100 centimeters.
n-type semiconductor	A semiconductor produced by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with an electron-donor impurity (e.g., phosphorous in silicon).
airweb	Air Resources Web, an air quality information web site for US parks, wildlife refuges and the public, developed by the Air Resources Division of the National Park Service and the Air Quality Branch of the Fish and Wildlife Service.
digester	in wastewater treatment, a unit in which anaerobic bacterial action is induced and accelerated in order to break down and stabilize organic matter removed from the treatment process.
physical weathering	Breakdown of rock and minerals into small sized particles through mechanical stress.
beta particle	Negatively charged particle (an electron) emitted in radioactive decay of unstable atoms
pave	Pave settings are stones set very close together
airshed	a geographic area that, because of topography, meteorology, and/or climate, is frequently affected by the same air mass.
integrated planning model	An electric utility planning model that EPA uses to estimate air emission changes, incremental electric power system costs, changes in fuel use and prices, and other impacts of various approaches to air pollution control.
ex stock	Available from manufacturer's or trader's stock; immediately available.
pry stroke	paddling technique of moving a boat sideways away from the paddle
blowhole	An internal cavity in steel produced by gases during the solidification of the metal.
thermal loads	Heat loads experienced by a body.
nucleus	The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
recovery factor	The ratio of recoverable oil and/or gas reserves to the estimated oil and/or gas in place in the reservoir.
microrganisms	Organisms that are so small that they can only be observed through a microscope, for instance bacteria, fungi or yeasts.
recessional moraine	Moraine that is created during a pause in the retreat of a glacier
dental fluorosis	disorder caused by excessive absorption of fluorine and characterized by brown staining of teeth.
mill head grade	The grade of ore as it comes from a mine and goes to a mill.
chloramines	A chemical complex that consists of chlorine and ammonia
commerce control list	A list of items under the export control jurisdiction of the Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S
deuteron	A deuterium nucleus, a positively charged particle composed of 1 proton and 1 neutron.
mnf	VIEWS parameter: Manganese (Fine); CAS Number: 7439-96-5; AQS Code: 88132; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
histosols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
evaporation	The process of the passage of water from liquid to vapour.
organelles	(which also have membranes) in 'higher' eukaryote organisms:
microstructure	The structure of polished and etched metals as revealed by a microscope at a magnification greater than 25-50 times.
passivation	A technique for controlling the chemically reactive condition of a metal product or the surface of a metal product to make it less reactive
basal sliding	The sliding of a glacier over the surface it rests on
radiation	Particles and electromagnetic rays (waves) emitted from the center of an atom during radioactive disintegration.
interrupted quenching	Rapid cooling to a selected temperature by
navier-stokes equations	a set of equations that describe the physics governing the motion of a fluid
closing price	(i) On the LME a price set by the Quotations Committee at the close of business for the purpose of assessing margin payments due
operational reliability	The probability that a system will perform as specified when used in the manner and for the purpose intended.
septic tank	An underground storage tank for wastes from homes not connected to a sewer line
anthropogenic	Of human origin.
pulse echo method	An ultrasonic test method in which discontinuities are detected by return echoes from the transmitted pulses.
bloc	a group of people with the same interest or goal (usually used to describe a voting bloc, a group of representatives intending to vote the same way).
focus	See earthquake focus.
ammno3f_large	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Nitrate (Fine), Large Fraction; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
peak annual flow	The largest discharge produced by a stream during a one year period.
nucleus	The positively charged core of an atom
art deco	Art Deco style originated in Paris and was popular from mid 1910 to the mid 1920's
aurora borealis	(abbreviated AB) A name for faceted glass beads that have an added iridescent coating
primary reference response level	The ultrasonic response from the basic calibration reflector at the specified sound path distance, electronically adjusted to a specified percentage of full screen height.
cogeneration	The process in which fuel is used to produce heat for a boiler-steam turbine or gas for a turbine
ion	An ion is the result if a normally neutral atom should gain an electron and become negatively charged, or lose an electron and become positively charged
mesh	The sizing of a powder metal is determined by the size of mesh in a screen or sieve that it will pass through.
rna	Ribonucleic Acid
linear energy transfer	The amount of energy deposited per unit of distance that the radiation travels in tissue
residual dose	The dose expected to be incurred after protective measure(s) have been fully implemented (or a decision has been taken not to implement any protective measures).
fission	The splitting of a heavy nucleus into two, accompanied by the release of a relatively large amount of energy and usually one or more neutrons
lethal dose fifty	A calculated dose of radiation or a chemical substance that is expected to kill 50% of the exposed individuals within 30 days
limnology	The study of the physical, chemical, hydrological, and biological aspects of fresh water.
geothermal	literally, heat from the earth; energy obtained from the hot areas under the surface of the earth.
millimeter	A unit of measure in the metric system
intergranular fracture	Brittle fracture of a metal in which the fracture is between the grains, or crystals, that form the metal
in	Chemical symbol for Indium.
ez	Electro zinc
gate	Narrow, short passage between two obstacles.
break-even	(i) For a trader, a transaction that produces neither profit nor loss
mycorrhizae	Mutualistic association of a fungus with the root of higher plant
desiccant	A desiccant goes through a process of deliquescence to dry an area or volume of air
concentration process	The process of increasing the number of particles per unit volume of a solution, usually by evaporating the liquid.
oecd	Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
fitness	A measure of the health of a species in terms of physiology and future reproductive success.
be_so4_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate SO4 PM2.5; CAS Number: 14808-79-8; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
flying shear	An oscillating cut-to-length shear that cuts sheet from coil while the band is moving.
tbf	VIEWS parameter: Terbium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-27-9; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
canadian high	High pressure system that develops in winter over central North America.
external radiation dose	The situation in which the source of exposure is external to, that is, outside the body.
liter	A liter is a metric unit of measure for volume
density	a measure of how heavy a specific volume of a solid, liquid, or gas is in comparison to water.
oxygen	A gaseous non-metallic element
authorized employee	An employee who locks out or tags out machines or equipment in order to perform servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment
bif	Banded Ironstone Formation
luminosity	that indicates energy output, or visual magnitude that indicates measured luminosity expressed on the magnitude scale.
cb	cold box
plate	Thick rolled metal
dorè	unrefined gold, usually in bar form and consisting primarily of gold with smaller amounts of other base metals, which will be further refined to high purity gold bullion
fluid drag	Reduction in the flow velocity of a fluid by the frictional effects of a surface.
immigrant species	Species that migrate into an ecosystem or that are deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem by humans
prior appropriation	a doctrine of water law that allocates the rights to use water on a first in time, first in right, basis.
in-the-money	An option whose strike price is above the current market price if a put or below it if a call.
rolling lap	A fault arising from the overfilling or mis- alignment of rolls, the result is a bulge on the bar which is rolled into the metal and is lapped over
commercially flat	The degree of flatness of plate or sheet which is commercially accepted.
flow moisture point	A measure of a danger point at which combined moisture in a cargo, typically concentrates, becomes free moisture under the effect of vibration or movement
states of matter	Matter comes in many forms, shapes, and sizes
graphical user interface	Computer interface utilising icons representing files or folders (directories) of files, drop-down or pull-down menues of commands, and requiring the user to navigate through these primarily using a pointer controlled by a mouse.
eukaryota	All the organisms with a eukaryote cell type
hydrogen bond	A bond formed by a hydrogen atom to an electronegative atom, and is denoted X---H-B.
broker-dealer	A company with the capacity to trade for its own account and on behalf of its customers.
emissions cap	a limit on the amount of greenhouse gases that a company or country can legally emit.
wave refraction	The re-orientation of a wave so that it approaches a shoreline at a more perpendicular angle
body wave	Type of seismic wave that travels through the interior of Earth.
non-ferrous founders' society	See Non-Ferrous Founder's Society for address information.
co	carbon monoxide
sea salt	Particulate matter generated by wind on the ocean, approximated from measurements of chloride or chlorine in an aerosol sampler.
molality	A measure of the number of moles of a solute compared to one thousand grams of the solvent
right bank	Right side of the river when facing downstream
watershed	land area from which water drains toward a common watercourse in a natural basin.
grain size measurement	Grain size is normally quantified by a numbering system
ampere or amp	The basic SI unit measuring the quantity of electricity
stainless steel	One of any forms of steel containing chromium
violation of standard	A regulatory situation, (i.e., NAAQS), where the pattern of "exceedences of standard" is greater than the frequency allowable under that standard.
bill of lading	Legal document issued by shipowner covering receipt of cargo and shipment conditions.
la	Chemical symbol for Lanthanum.
disaccharide	A carbohydrate that is made up of two monosaccharides.
growth overfishing	the process of catching fish before they are fully grown resulting in a decrease in the average size of the fish population.
confinement time	The amount of time the plasma is contained by magnetic fields before its energy leaks away.
austempering	Quenching from a temperature above the transformation range to a temperature above the upper limit of martensite formation, and holding at this temperature until the austenite is completely transformed to the desired intermediate structure, for the purpose of conferring certain mechanical properties.
magnetic	Most non-ferrous metals are non-magnetic, except nickel and cobalt, which are strongly magnetic
bifurcation ratio	Quantitative ratio determined between the parts of systems that display branching
mineral streak	Minerals are often ground down into a power
smoker	An extremely violent rapid; hair.
autogenic recharge	recharge that occurs by falling directly on an aquifer's outcrop at the surface
stockpond	a pond used primarily for watering livestock.
chemical reaction	Reaction that occurs between the electrons of atoms; the reaction does not change the element itself.
visbreaking	A mild form of thermal cracking used in petroleum refining, primarily to improve certain fuel oil characteristics of residuum.
valence band	The highest energy band in a semiconductor that can be filled with electrons.
fashion jewelry	Fashion jewelry is another name for costume jewelry.
field cond	VIEWS parameter: Field Conductance; Description: Conductance of the precipitation sample as measured in the field laboratory, reported in microsiemens per centimeter.; Type Code: MET; Units: MICROSIEMENS/CENTIMETER
latent heat of condensation	The amount of heat energy release to the environment when a gas changes its state to a liquid
ddp	Delivered duty paid.
cf_vcode	VIEWS parameter: cf_vcode; Type Code: FLAG
electron volt	An energy unit equal to the energy an electron acquires when it passes through a potential difference of one volt; it is equal to 1.602 x 10-19 volt.
user	A GemStone User has an ID, password, priviliges for executing certain functionality (i.e., Garbage Collection, or Code Modification), and permissions for accessing objects in the Repository
transverse test	A test taken at right angles to the principal direction of rolling or forging.
souse hole	A hole found below an underwater obstruction, such as a boulder
pasteurisation	The elimination of microrganisms by heat applies for a certain period of time.
efficiency	see energy efficiency.
coevolution	The coordinated evolution of two or more species that interact and exert selective pressures on each other that can cause each species to undergo associated adaptations
glacial uplift	Upward movement of the Earth's crust following isostatic depression from the weight of the continental glaciers.
mining claim	That portion of applicable mineral lands that a party has staked or marked out in accordance with applicable mining laws to acquire the right to explore for and exploit the minerals under the surface.
majority leader	the leader of the majority party in either the House or the Senate.
specific conductance	Method to estimate the dissolved solid content of a water supply by testing its conductivity.
eolian	Geomorphic process involving wind
export license	The approval documentation issued by an export agency authority authorizing the recipient to proceed with the export, reexport, or other regulated activity as specified on the application.
dealkalinisation	Any process that serves to reduce the alkalinity of water.
adsorption	The attachment of species to a surface (distinguished from absorption).
back scatter	Scattered signals that are directed back to the transmitter/receiver.
atomic bomb	- See Types of Nuclear Bombs
rain	water drops which fall to the earth from the air.
moisture holding capacity	the amount of liquid that can be held against gravity, by waste materials or soil, without generating free liquid.
bric	Acronym for Brazil, Russia, India and China.
fusion	Combining of two nuclei to form a heavier one
notched bar test	A test to determine the resistance of a material to a
reclaimed water	domestic wastewater that is under the direct control of a treatment plant owner/operator which has been treated to a quality suitable for a beneficial use.
riffle	A shallow rapid with very small waves, often over a sand or gravelbottom
cakes	Usually refers to copper
chiral	Means "handedness" - A chiral or asymmetric molecule is one which can be distinguished from its mirror image
implosion weapon	A device in which a quantity of fissionable material, less than a critical mass, has its volume suddenly decreased by compression, so that it becomes supercritical and an explosion can take place
nephelometer	an instrument that measures the amount of light scattered.
be_mass_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate MASS PM2.5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
snow	A type of solid precipitation that forms in clouds with an air temperature below freezing
chemical vapour deposition	Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is a chemical process used to produce high-purity, high-performance solid materials
ribbon falls	Spectacular narrow waterfalls that occur at the edge of a hanging valley.
gassing current	Portion of charge current that goes into electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen from the electrolytic liquid
atherosclerosis	a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to an excessive build up of plaque around the artery wall.Bronchoconstriction: narrowing of the airways.
settleable solids	Those suspended solids in wastewater that will settle over a certain period of time and are removed in that way.
frost	Deposition of ice at the Earth's surface because of atmospheric cooling.
nephelometric	method of measuring turbidity in a water sample by passing light through the sample and measuring the amount of light deflected.
i-v curve	A graphical presentation of the current versus the voltage from a photovoltaic device as the load is increased from the short circuit (no load) condition to the open circuit (maximum voltage) condition
dc	direct current
molybdenum	Its use as an alloying element in steel increases hardenability and in low alloy steels reduces the risk of temper brittleness
high flow pulses	the component of an instream flow regime that represents short-duration, in-channel, high flow events following storm events
liquidity risk	The risk that a party interested in trading an instrument or asset cannot do so because it is unable to find a willing counterparty.
proton	A proton is a particle found in the nucleus of every atom
anthropogenic	Referring to alterations in the environment due to the presence or activities of humans.
reconstructed light extinction	The relationship between atmospheric aerosols and the light extinction coefficient
izod impact test	A test specimen, usually of square crossed section is notched and held between a pair of jaws, to be broken by a swinging or falling weight
proton	A proton is one of the two types of particles found in atomic nuclei, the other type being a neutron
tonnage	Quantities where the ton or tonne is an appropriate unit of measure
send-receive	The variations in the test object which affect current flow within the test object can be detected by observing their effect upon the voltage developed across a secondary receive coil.
mine	An excavation beneath the surface of the ground from which mineral matter of value is extracted.
delivery	Supply of material in accordance with the terms of a contract
critical organ	That part of the body that is most susceptible to radiation damage resulting from the specific exposure conditions under consideration, taking into account the dose the various parts of the body receive under the exposure conditions.
ambient background concentration	a representative concentration of the water quality in a receiving water body, determined from monitoring
ozone hole	a hole or gap in the protective layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere.
lawrencium	Symbol:"Lr" Atomic Number:"103" Atomic Mass: (260)amu
spring steel	The steels used for spring making depend on the
assemblage	an organism group of interacting species in a given ecosystem, for example, a fish assemblage or a benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage.
cooling stresses	Residual stresses resulting from nonuniform distribution of temperature during cooling.
temper colors	Before the use of instruments such as
photovoltaic-thermal system	A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form
drainage wind	A wind common to mountainous regions that involves heavy cold air flowing along the ground from high to low elevations because of gravity
saturation	Atmospheric condition where water is changing its phase to liquid or solid
synthetic organic chemicals	man-made organic chemicals
photovoltaic conversion efficiency	The ratio of the electric power produced by a photovoltaic device to the power of the sunlight incident on the device.
scene monitoring	Scene monitoring is the monitoring of a specific vista or target
adverse impact	A determination that an air-quality related value is likely to be degraded within a Class I area.
ilafa	Latin American steel industry association.
assimilative capacity	The capacity of natural water to receive wastewaters or toxic materials without negative effects and without damage to aquatic life or humans who consume the water.
z	atomic number
photovoltaics	An active solar technology involving the conversion of sunlight directly into electricity by means of a semiconductor.
magma plume	A rising vertical mass of magma originating from the mantle.
variation margin	A payment made on a daily basis based on the adverse price movement in a position carried by a market participant
cherenkov radiation	The emission of light by a charged particle passing through a transparent non-conducting liquid or solid material at a speed greater than the speed of light in that material
deposition analysis threshold	a DAT is the additional amount of nitrogen or sulfur deposition within a Class I area, below which estimated impacts from a proposed new or modified source are considered insignificant.
biological dosimetry	Area of radiation dosimetry that uses biological damage produced by radiation to estimate radiation dose
water quality	the chemical, physical, biological, radiological, and thermal condition of water.
tons	Short tons (2,000 pounds).
sidecurler	A reversal parallel to the main current, formed by a side current passing over a rock as it enters the main channel.
eurometaux	European Association of Metals
clarity	The clearness of a liquid.
divergent evolution	Creation of two or more unique species from one ancestral species through the differential evolution of isolated populations.
couplant	A substance (usually liquid) used between the transducer and the test surface to permit or improve transmission of ultrasonic energy into the test object.
coalescence	Process where two or more falling raindrops join together into a single larger drop because of a midair collision.
2000-04 baseline	Refers to a WRAP emissions or modeling scenario based on the designated planning emissions inventories, including a 5 year average of fire emissions
fettling	The removal of sand adhering to castings by hammering, tumbling or shot blasting
niobium	Symbol:"Nb" Atomic Number:"41" Atomic Mass: 92.91amu
eutectic	An alloy of two (occasionally more) metals that melts at the lowest temperature of any combination of those metals.
aqueous	Describing a solution in which the solvent is water.
polar substance	A substance that carries a positive or negative charge, for instance water.
stainless steel	Stainless steels are a family of steels that are resistant to corrosion (rusting) and elevated temperature
mou	Memorandum of Understanding.
consequent poles	Magnetic poles that exist where the specimen has been successively magnetized in different sections to create more than two poles; e.g., two north poles with one south pole between them.
delta	Large deposit of alluvial sediment located at the mouth of a stream where it enters a body of standing water.
spread	The distance between two prices – e.g
electrical steels	Steels which are characterised by their magnetic
goldplate	A layer of gold applied to base metal, usually by electroplating
sand	Sandstone is a common type of grainy sedimentary rock that is made mostly of sand-sized grains (usually quartz) that are held together by silica, calcium carbonate, clay, or iron oxide.
monoclinic crystal	A crystal that has a shape like a cube but is flattened in one dimension
assay	a test for a specific chemical, microbe, or effect.
cancer	unregulated growth of changed cells; a group of changed, growing cells (tumor).
tap water	drinking water monitored (and often filtered) for protection against contamination and available for public consumption from sources within the home.
includeheader	Include File Header: A boolean value (true, false, 1, or 0) that indicates whether or not to include column names in the first row of the output file.
alnico	An alloy containing aluminium nickel and cobalt
remelting	A process used for producing advanced steels to the
eugenics	the study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding.
sunspot group	A cluster of sunspots.
vadose zone	the zone between land surface and the water table where the moisture content is less than saturation (except in the capillary fringe) and pressure is less than atmospheric
calibration reflector	A reflector with a known dimensioned surface established to provide an accurately reproducible reference measurement.
index contour	Contour line that is accentuated in thickness and is often labeled with the appropriate measure of elevation
forminifera	Microscopic organisms of the group protozoa that are found living mainly in marine environments
treatment	any method, technique, or process designed to remove solids and/or pollutants from solid waste, waste-streams, and effluents.
deposit	something dropped or left behind by moving water, as sand or mud.
soil colloids	Very small organic and inorganic particles found in a soil
at-the-money	An option whose strike price is the same as the current market price of the underlying metal.
dead zone	In ultrasonic testing, the interval following the initial pulse where the transducer ring down prevents detection or interpretation of reflected energy (echoes)
nitrification	A biological process, during which nitrifying bacteria convert toxic ammonia to less harmful nitrate
mesocyclone	A cylinder of cyclonically flowing air that form vertically in a severe thunderstorm
equinox	Two days during the year when the declination of the Sun is at the equator
consignee	Person to whom commodities/technology is being shipped
pot quenching	Quenching carburised parts directly from the carburising
photovoltaic efficiency	The ratio of electric power produced by a cell at any instant to the power of the sunlight striking the cell.
diazo compounds	This is a series of organic compounds possessing the general formula Ar-N=N-Y, where Ar is an aromatic group and Y is any group linked to the nitrogen except via a carbon atom
altitude	uniquely define an objects position in the local sky.
neutron	One of the three fundamental particles which form atoms, the neutron has the mass of a proton but no electrical charge
genotype	The genetic constitution of an organism, as distinguished from its physical appearance (its phenotype).
plug	cement, grout, or other material used to fill and seal a hole drilled for a water well.
plucking	Erosive process of particle detachment by moving glacial ice
swaging	A method of forming or reducing steel or other metals to a desired shape by a series of blows rapidly applied by dies or hammers
coolant	The liquid or gas used to transfer heat from the reactor core to the steam generators or directly to the turbines.
killed steel	The term indicates that the steel has been completely
void	the pore space or other openings in rock
climatic cycle	the periodic changes climate displays, such as a series of dry years following a series of years with heavy rainfall.
kilometer	One kilometer = 0.62 miles.
water solubility	The maximum possible concentration of a chemical compound dissolved in water.
seasaltf	VIEWS parameter: Sea Salt (Fine); Description: 1.8 x [Chloride], or 1.8 x [Chlorine] if the chloride measurement is below detection limits, missing or invalid.; CAS Number: 7647-14-5; Type Code: PM2.5
mercury barometer	Type of barometer that measures changes in atmospheric pressure by the height of a column of mercury in a U-shaped tube which has one end sealed and the other end immersed in an open container of mercury
neutron	One of three basic particles in all atoms except hydrogen
shield	Device surrounding that portion of a connector that is used for attaching wires or cables to shield against electromagnetic interference, and/or protect connector wires or cable from mechanical damage.
interceptor sewer	very large sewer lines that collect the flow from main and trunk lines and carry them to treatment plants.
linear-quadratic dose response	A statistical model that expresses the risk of an effect (e.g., disease, death, or abnormality) as the sum of two components, one proportional to dose (linear term) and the other one proportional to the square of dose (quadratic term).
neodymium	Symbol:"Nd" Atomic Number:"60" Atomic Mass: 144.24amu
natural metals	A subjective term used generally to denote non-painted metals such as stainless steel, zinc, and copper
reduction	The addition of hydrogen and the removal of oxygen - the oppposite to oxidation, but is now generalised to the inclusion of electrons to a substance by any means.
dripstone	deposits of calcium carbonate that include stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and cave pearls.
filet	a radius (curvature) imparted to inside meeting surfaces; a blended curve joining an internal corner to two lateral surfaces.
flat life	That period in the producing life on an oil or gas reserve during which production is maintained at a constant rate, before decline commences.
baffles	Tiles inside the cooling tower of a nuclear power plant that slow the rate of water flow and provide area for cooling.
effluent	any substance, particularly a liquid, that enters the environment from a point source
lwr	Light Water Reactor.
oxidizer	An oxidizer can also be called an oxidizing agent
radiant energy	Energy in the form of electromagnetic waves and photons
direct strip casting	Casting steel trip very close to final dimensions to minimise the need for subsequent hot rolling to size (as is required for conventional slab).
emissions	Gases and particulates discharged into the environment, usually the atmosphere.
biomonitoring	a test used to evaluate the relative potency of a chemical by comparing its effect on a living organism with the effect of a standard population on the same type of organism.
banking concept	An idea or model used to facilitate the explanation of radiation exposure permitted in a lifetime.
leaching	Dissolution of gold from crushed or milled material, including reclaimed slime, prior to adsorption on to activated carbon.
oceanic crust	Basaltic portion of the Earth's crust that makes up the ocean basins
little climatic optimum	Time period from 900 - 1200 AD
heat pump	Like an air conditioner or refrigerator, a heat pump moves heat from one location to another
crust	Earth's outer most layer of solid rock
tenor limit	Part of a broker's control of his exposure to a client by specifying the length of forward position for which he will allow the client to open a transaction
leaching	Process in which water removes and transports soil humus and inorganic nutrients in solution.
projection welding	A welding process that uses small projections on one or
42602	VIEWS parameter: Nitrogen Dioxide; Description: Nitrogen Dioxide; CAS Number: 10102-44-0; AQS Code: 42602
cut off grade	The lowest grade of mineralized material that qualifies as ore in a given deposit; ore of the lowest assay value that is included in an ore estimate.
secondary field	The magnetic field produced by induced eddy currents.
simple elements	These are elements in the periodic table that have only one shell that is missing electrons
cake	Solid dewatered residue on a filter media after filtration.
metavolcanic rock	In geology, is a type of metamorphic rock
aquiculture	the raising or fattening of fish in enclosed ponds
standard deviation	A statistical measure which compares variations in the values of a time series with the mean or average value, taking account of the number of observations in the series
clearing	(i) Generally, the process of transferring futures and options contracts to a clearing house and holding them there
plume	the area taken up by contaminant(s) in an aquifer.
vug	A cavity in a rock.
total internal reflection	Total internal reflection ian optical phenomenon that happens when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface
diamond pyramid hardness	This test, more commonly known as the
chemical lead	High-purity lead suitable to resist corrosion in, for example, sulphuric acid
quasi-cleavage fracture	A fracture mode that combines the characteristics of cleavage fracture and dimpled rupture fracture
neat cement	Portland Cement mixed with water only.
sherardizing	A process developed in Britain in 1904 by Sherard Cowper-Coles
waterfall	A sudden, nearly vertical drop in a stream, as it flows over rock.
nace	National Association of Corrosion Engineers See Trade Names for address
oxidation	A chemical reaction in which ions are transferring electrons, to increase positive valence.
carbon columns	Any vertical cylindrical vessels used to contain granules of activated carbon for processes such as the extraction of gold from solution, elution or acid treatment.
electroplated	Jewellery can be mechanically plated with gold in a variety of ways, including electroplated
decalescence	A term used in reference to the absorption of heat without a corresponding increase in temperature, when steel is heated through the critical points (phase changes).
fjord	A glacial valley or glacial trough found along the coast that is now filled with a mixture of fresh water and seawater.
coil	More than one loop of a conductor wound in a spiral
reactor	Part of a nuclear power plant where neutrons produce a fission chain reaction.
nonlinear load	A load where the wave shape of the steady state current does not follow the wave shape of the applied voltage.
fatigue limit	The maximum stress below which a material can presumably endure an infinite number of stress cycles
clean air act	a groundbreaking piece of legislation that dramatically improved air quality in London
corrosion	The gradual destruction of a material, usually metal, by a chemical reaction with its environment.
chlorinated solvent	An organic solvent containing chlorine atoms that is often used as aerosol spray container, in highway paint, and dry cleaning fluids.
operation availability	See availability
thm	Trihalomethanes
fugitive emission	emissions, which do not pass through a stack, chimney, vent, or other functionally equivalent opening.
coral bleaching	Situation where coral lose their colorful symbiotic algae
solar radiation	Electromagnetic radiation that originates from the Sun
visibility metric	A statistical summary of a set of visibility data including the median (or mean) of the cleanest 20% of the samples, the median (or mean) of all samples, and the median (or mean) or the dirtiest 20% of the samples.
n	Chemical symbol for Nitrogen.
inert	The word inert is used to describe the elements in group eight
precambrian shield	Another term for shield.
dew point	Dew point is the temperature at which water vapor saturates from an air mass into liquid or solid usually forming rain, snow, frost or dew
kinetic rate coefficient	A number that describes the rate at which a water constituent such as a biochemical oxygen demand or dissolved oxygen rises or falls.
match	Equity segment on Oslo Børs
financial asset	Cash or cash equivalents, an equity instrument, a contractual right to receive cash, or a contractual right to exchange a financial instrument under favourable conditions.
meiosis	is a type of cell division
crosscut	A passageway driven between the entry and its parallel air course or air courses for ventilation purposes
rating curve	a graph showing the relationship between water surface elevation and discharge of a stream or river at a given location
specific heat	the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of a substance (water) by 1 degree Celsius.
hair hygrometer	Hygrometer that uses the expansion and contraction of hair to determine atmospheric humidity.
exercise	The implementation of an option following declaration.
skin depth	See depth of penetration.
ozone generator	A device that generates ozone by passing a voltage through a chamber that contains oxygen
piedmont glacier	A large glacier formed from the merger of several alpine glaciers.
torsion	A twisting action applied to a generally shaft-like, cylindrical, or tubular member
open sea	That part of the ocean that extends from the continental shelf
dielectric strength	The maximum voltage that a dielectric material can withstand, under specified conditions, without rupturing
forbay	the water behind a dam.
fracturing	A method of breaking down a formation by pumping fluid at very high pressures.
nymex	New York Mercantile Exchange
rhyolite	A group of extrusive, igneous rocks.
thermal energy	Energy due to the relatively high temperature of a medium relative to its surroundings.
natural flow	the rate of water movement past a specified point on a natural stream
hydrothermal	the name given to geological processes associated with heated or relating to heat derived from within the Earth, commonly related to igneous intrusions
visibility	Refers to the visual quality of the view, or scene, in daylight with respect to color rendition and contrast definition
wave trough	Area in between wave crests.
in warehouse	Buyer of metal in warehouse is responsible for all costs of removing the metal to his own transport
relative biological effectiveness	The ratio of a dose of a low-LET reference radiation to a dose of the radiation considered that gives an identical biological effect
magma	Molten rock originating from the Earth's interior.
long product	Term mostly used in steel to refer to products such as rod, rebar, rail and structural section (beam, joist).
isotopes	variations in the nucleus of atoms, having the same number of protons and varying numbers of neutrons
quick disconnect	A type of connector shell that permits rapid locking and unlocking of two connector halves.
inclusions	A general term for unwanted elements or (more often) compounds in steel which detract from its performance, whether from a chemical or mechanical standpoint
seed bank	Collection of seeds available for germination in the soil.
continental shelf	Shallow submerged margin of the continents that lies between the edge of the shoreline and the continental slope
clip-on earrings	Earrings that are designed for people who do not have their ears pierced
return on net capital	Adjusted headline earnings before finance costs and unwinding of decommissioning and restoration obligations expressed as a percentage of average net capital employed.
spread	The difference between the bid and the ask price of a contract
substrate	A base used for coating; cold-rolled coil is the substrate for galvanized steel.
aerobic	A process that takes place in the presence of oxygen, such as the digestion of organic matter by bacteria in an oxidation pond.
high seas	international ocean water under no single country's legal jurisdiction.
hazardous air pollutants	airborne chemicals that cause serious health and environmental effects
orbit	An orbit is the path one object takes when it spins around another object
glaciation	The formation, movement, and recession of glaciers or ice sheets.
operable unit	a term used by the Superfund program to describe a discrete action that comprises an incremental step toward comprehensively addressing site problems
ebris flow	A type of mass movement where there is a downslope flow of a saturated mass of soil, sediment, and rock debris.
margin	The difference between the spot price and forward price quoted for a commodity
inversely proportional	Cause and effect relationship between two variables where a positive or negative change in the quantity of one causes a predictable opposite change in quantity in the other.
light extinction budget	The percent of total atmospheric extinction attributed to each aerosol and gaseous component of the atmosphere.
ground frost	Frost that penetrates the soil surface in response to freezing temperatures.
fujita tornado intensity scale	Tornado classification system developed by T
mutagen/mutagenicity	An agent that causes a permanent genetic change in a cell in addition to that occurring during normal genetic recombination
pontoon	An inflatable boat 22 feet long or larger
silicate	Group of minerals that have crystal structures based on a silica tetrahedron (SiO4).
seepage	percolation of water through the soil from unlined canals, ditches, laterals, watercourses, or water storage facilities.
vortex	A rapid spiraling motion of air or liquid around a center of rotation.
order routing	System allowing clients to access online trading through a broker's system
convection zone	The outer part of the Sun’s interior in which convection occurs.
discount rate	A rate of interest representing the time-related value of resources
ammno3f_small	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Nitrate (Fine), Small Fraction; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
virus	Is a fragment of DNA or RNA that depends on the infection of host cells for their reproduction
threatened species	Under the Federal Endangered Species Act, animal populations may be determined to be either threatened or endangered
refractory	(i) Heat-resisting material used, for example, to line blast and other furnaces and make crucibles
cameo	A style of carving in which the design motif is left and the surrounding surface is cut away leaving the design in relief
var	Value at Risk
aluminum association	US industry association
miscibility	The ability of two liquids to mix.
weatherproof	So constructed or protected that exposure to the weather will not interfere with successful operation.
radon	A heavy radioactive gas given off by rocks containing radium (or thorium)
crf	VIEWS parameter: Chromium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-47-3; AQS Code: 88112; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
ferritic steel	A term usually applied to a group of stainless steels
irish diamond	Irish diamond is not a diamond at all; it is rock crystal from Ireland.
electronic trading	Mostly refers to trading on a futures market on an electronic platform such as the LME's Select or a proprietary system
no3sum	VIEWS parameter: Nitrate (total tsp & vapor); Description: Sum of HNO3 and particle NO3-; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
hst	HST is an abbreviation for the Hubble Space Telescope, a powerful telescope in orbit around the Earth
podzolization	Soil forming process that produces a strongly leached soil with a distinctive iron hardpan layer in the B horizon
supersaturated	A solution that has more solute dissolved than is possible under normal circumstances
perfected water right	a water right which indicates that the uses anticipated by an applicant, and made under permit, were made for beneficial use
megaohm	A unit of electrical resistance equal to one million ohms.
half-life	The time in which one-half of the activity of a particular radioactive substance is lost due to radioactive decay
deseaming	A process of burning out defective areas on
collective dose	The sum of the individual doses received in a given time period by a specified population from exposure to a specified source of radiation.
tree	A large woody plant that has a trunk which supports branches and leaves.
depression storage	The storage of water in low areas, such as ponds, and wetlands.
absorption cross section	The amount of light absorbed by a particle divided by its physical cross section.
glass fibre	Glass can be made in the form of fibres whic can be used to strengthen materials, make strong materials, or provide insulating properties
rem	A unit of equivalent absorbed dose of radiation, taking into account the relative biological effectiveness of the particular radiation
ammso4f_large	VIEWS parameter: Ammonium Sulfate (Fine), Large Fraction; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
insag	International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group, IAEA.
novation	The technical term for the process whereby trades on a futures exchange between clearing members are taken over by the clearing house.
pickling	A process to chemically remove scale or oxide from steel
facilitation	Modification of a system that makes subsequent modifications easier.
coal slurry pipeline	A pipeline used to transport coal over long distances after mixing the crushed coal with water or some other fluid.
coolant	Gas or liquid used in a nuclear reactor to remove the heat generated by the fission process.
predator	Consumer organism who feeds on prey
azeotrope	A solution of two more substances, usually liquids, that remains unchanged in composition as it boils because the vapor has the same composition as the liquid.
median particle size	value for which half the particles in a sample have a greater diameter and half a lesser diameter.
thermonuclear fusion	Fusion at high temperature with a significant release of energy.
call option	See option.
exploitation	Form of competition where the indirect effects of the two or more species or individuals reduce the supply of the limiting resource or resources needed for survival.
cathode ray tube	A vacuum tube containing a screen on which ultrasonic scans or oscilloscope traces may be displayed.
evaluation	The process of deciding the severity of a condition after an indication has been interpreted
chemical	One of the millions of different elements and compounds found naturally and synthesized by humans.
draft	the act of drawing or removing water from a tank, reservoir or groundwater supply.
virus	A noncellular biological entity that can reproduce only within a host cell
backpressure	a pressure that can cause water to backflow into the water supply when a user's wastewater system is at a higher pressure than the public system.
extrusion	The production of a section by forcing a billet to
combustion	Combustion is the combination of a substance with oxygen in the presence of a flame accompanied by the production of heat and light
hectares	One hectare = 2.47 acres.
intermediate consignee	The person that acts as an agent for a principal party in interest for the purpose of effecting delivery of items to the ultimate consignee
co2	See carbon dioxide
coriolis force	An apparent force due to the Earth's rotation
classical air pollutants	The World health Organization lists six classical air pollutants: particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, ozone and nitrogen dioxide.
ds02	Dosimetry System 2002, a system for estimating gamma and neutron exposure under a large variety of situations and which allows the calculation of absorbed dose to specific organs for members of the Life Span Study
aggradation	a progressive build up of a channel bed with sediment over several years due to a normal sequence of scour and deposition, as distinguished from the rise and fall of the channel bed during a single flood.
reach	An expanse of a stream channel.
reducing	A term used in chemistry for a reaction that liberates an element (usually a metal) from a chemical bond (usually an oxygen bond); a metal oxide is thus "reduced" to a metal
mill	(i) A machine or assembly of machines for shaping steel by rolling
ozone	Tri-atomic oxygen that exists in the Earth's atmosphere as a gas
woody fracture	A fracture that is fibrous or woody in appearance due to the elongation of the individual grains
rsj	Rolled steel joist (or reinforced steel joist)
peeling	A cutting process to produce a bright surface on, and remove surface defects from, round steel bar.
ion	Atom, or group of atoms, that carries a positive or negative electrical charge as a result of having gained or lost one or more electrons.
split ring	Small base metal finding resembling a key ring.
evaporite	Type of sedimentary rock that is formed from the concentration of dissolved salts through evaporation.
luvisol soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
recurrence interval	average amount of time between events of a given magnitude
haze	an atmospheric aerosol of sufficient concentration to be visible
fissile	Fissile materials have the property that when their atomic nucleus is hit by a stray neutron, the atom will split and release several other neutrons
88101	VIEWS parameter: Pm2.5 - Local Conditions; Description: Pm2.5 - Local Conditions; AQS Code: 88101; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
human equivalent dose	A dose that, when administered to humans, produces an effect equal to the same effect produced by a dose in animals.
session	A Session is created when a User is authenticated in a gem process
corrosion fatigue	Cracking that initiates and propagates due to the application of repeated or fluctuating stresses, and the initiation and propagation occurs more rapidly due to the presence of a corrosive environment.
shadowed object	When an object has been changed by a session the new version of the object is written to a new data page, the old object on the old data page is said to be shadowed.
gray	The SI unit of absorbed radiation dose, one joule per kilogram of tissue.
manning's equation	an empirical equation used to estimate the average hydraulic conditions of flow within a channel cross section.
electrolysis	When a direct current is passed through a liquid which contains ions ( an electrolyte ), chemical changes occur at the two electrodes.
swap	(i) A very broad category of derivative contract in which two counterparties exchange one cash flow or exposure for another
fuel	Any material that can be burned to make energy.
public water system	a system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances. In Texas, a public water system is one that serves at least 15 service connections or serve at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year.
calcification	A dry environment soil-forming process that results in the accumulation of calcium carbonate in surface soil layers.
sheffield plate	An old method of cladding copper artefacts with a thin sheet of silver
case depth	The depth of the case, or hardened surface region, of a metal.
be_nh4_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate NH4 PM2.5; CAS Number: 14798-03-9; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
air hardening steel	Heat treatable steel which does not require quenching after heating
alkaline	the condition of water or soil that contains a sufficient amount of alkali substance to raise the pH above 7.0.
alloy steel	A steel to which one or more alloying elements other than carbon have been deliberately added (e.g
immiscibility	the inability of two or more substances or liquids to readily dissolve into one another, such as soil and water.
dry natural gas	Natural gas containing few or no natural gas liquids (ethane, propane or butane) or condensate.
ppb	See parts per billion.
carbon monoxide	Highly poisonous, odorless, colorless, tasteless gas.
longwave radiation	See infrared radiation.
electrovalence	Electrovalence is the ability of an element to bond with other elements by giving or receiving an electron
neutral	Any substance with a pH around 7.
dispersion	Dispersion is the difference between the amounts of refraction of different colours of light
bandwidth	The measure of a futures market's ability to process deals executed over an electronic platform.
mill	A plant where ore is ground fine and undergoes physical or chemical treatment to extract the valuable metals.
electric supply equipment	Equipment that produces, modifies, regulates, controls, or safeguards a supply of electric energy.
time base	See sweep.
ice	Frozen form of the water molecule
most recent data	Any new data we receive is imported into our integrated database
uranium	The heaviest element normally found in nature
sweep oar	A large oar extending over the bow or stern, commonly with the blade angled at the throat.
mg	VIEWS parameter: Magnesium Ion; Description: Magnesium Ion; CAS Number: 7439-95-4; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
genetic informatics	Development of methods to search databases quickly, analyze DNA sequence information, and predict protein sequence and structure from DNA sequence data.
organism abundance and condition	that portion of an Index of Biotic Integrity that is a metric measuring species abundance and condition, including proportion of individuals as hybrids and proportion of individuals with disease, tumors, physical damage, or physical anomalies.
ore	Rock, generally containing metallic or non-metallic minerals, which can be mined and processed at a profit.
steel-framed wall	A wall with a cavity (insulated or otherwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by steel framing members (as defined by ASHRAE 90.1).
canister	A corrosion-resistant container used to enclose high-level nuclear waste during long-term storage.
donor level	The level that donates conduction electrons to the system.
quadratic dose response model	A model that predicts that a biological effect continually increases out of proportion to an increase in dose
evapotranspiration	Combined loss of water to the atmosphere via the processes of evaporation and transpiration.
rad	Basic unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation.
chlorophyll	Chlorophyll is the pigment in plants that absorbs light rays
photovoltaic device	A device that converts light directly into DC electricity.
aerated lagoon	a holding and/or treatment pond that speeds up the natural process of biological decomposition of organic waste by stimulating the growth and activity of bacteria that degrade organic waste.
electroplate	Electroplating is the process that includes coating one metal with another using electricity
wetland	area that is regularly wet or flooded and has a water table that stands at or above the land surface for at least part of the year, such as a bog, pond, fen, estuary, or marsh.
titanium	Small amounts added to steel contribute to
hot metal	The liquid metal emerging from a blast furnace (BF) or electric arc furnace, that is newly produced iron or steel.
illicit diamond buying	It has been calculated by persons engaged in the business than 12 per cent
synthetic put	A combination of a short (or long) futures position and a long out of the money call (or put) option
one hour average/mean	the average concentration of a pollutant over 60 minutes
standard	A reference object used as a basis for comparison or calibration
humus	Dark colored semi-soluble organic substance formed from decomposition of soil organic matter.
current velocity	the velocity of water flow in a stream, measured in units of length per unit of time, such as feet per second (fps).
toss bag	Also called a throw bag and rescue bag
coefficient of expansion	The ratio of change in length, area, or volume per
lake	an inland body of water, usually fresh water, formed by glaciers, river drainage etc
v4	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid value despite failing to meet some QC or statistical criteria; Source: NARSTO
spheroidal weathering	A type of below ground chemical weathering where the corners of jointed rocks become rounded over time
fin	In rolling mill practice a fin is a projection extending
matrix	The mass or principal constituent (e.g
volcano	An elevated area of land created from the release of lava and ejection of ash and rock fragments from and volcanic vent.
positive feedback	Change in the state of a system that enhances the measured effect of the initial alteration.
liquid	Liquids are an in-between phase of matter, between solids and gases
streamflow	the discharge that occurs in a natural channel.
gold equivalent	Gold equivalent ounces include silver ounces produced and sold, converted to a gold equivalent based on a ratio of the average spot market price for the commodities for each year.
gamma radiation	A type of ionizing, electromagnetic radiation that readily penetrates the body tissues of organisms
offer	A sales price placed by a member.
collider	an apparatus to accelerate ions and other particles to study or utilise the effects of high-energy collisions
transform fault	Massive strike-slip fault continental in size
elevated temperature	A process of drawing steel bars at elevated
running 8hr average/mean	the average of 8 overlapping hourly measurements
solvent	Substance (usually liquid) capable of dissolving one or more other substances.
type 1	Steel cylinder
no	nitric oxide
pool	A deep and Quiet stretch of river.
ultisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
air pollution	toxic or radioactive gases or particulate matter introduced into the atmosphere, usually as a result of human activity.
tailings	Finely ground rock of low residual value from which valuable minerals have been extracted.
conversion plant	Plant where mined uranium is converted to a gas and purified.
nffs	See Non-Ferrous Founder's Society for address information.
wbms	World Bureau of Metal Statistics
seamount	A volcanic mountain found on an ocean basin that has an origin not related to a mid-oceanic ridge or a tectonic subduction zone.
radium	Radioactive metallic element, discovered by Pierre and Madame Curie in 1898, with an atomic number of 88 and atomic weight of 226
bathymetric	related to the measurement of water depth within a water body.
chcf	Pivot Column Field: The query field to be used as a "column" field when performing a pivot operation, if any, on the data query.
petroleum	A generic name for hydrocarbons, including crude oil, natural gas liquids, natural gas and their products.
electrode	A carbon (graphite) rod that carries electricity to melt the scrap in an EAF.
competitive exclusion	Situation where no two competitively interacting species can occupy exactly the same fundamental niche indefinitely because of resource limitations
clarifier	a tank in which solids settle to the bottom and are subsequently removed as sludge.
liquid carburising	A widely used method of case-hardening steel that
threshold	In reference to current or magnetic fields, the minimum strength necessary to create a looked-for effect is called the threshold value
extinction	The attenuation of light due to scattering and absorption as it passes through a medium.
quartzite	A granoblastic metamorphic rock consisting mainly of quartz and formed by recrystallization of sandstone or chert by either regional or thermal metamorphism.
mixed liquor	a mixture of activated sludge and water containing organic matter undergoing treatment in an aeration tank.
tensile strength	The maximum load applied in breaking a
wave	A moving swell or ridge on the surface of a solid or liquid or within the medium of a gas
nutrient	Any food, chemical element or compound an organism requires to live, grow, or reproduce.
diorite	an intrusive igneous rock with a mixture of dark and light minerals
bead setting	Bead setting is a generic term for setting a stone directly into metal using gravers, also called burins, which are essentially tiny chisels
reference level	In emergency or existing controllable exposure situations, this represents the level of dose or risk, above which it is judged to be inappropriate to plan to allow exposures to occur, and below which optimization of protection should be implemented
lower ordovician	a period of geologic time spanning from 425 to 500 million years ago and a system of rocks
mill	(i) The complex of crushers, ball mills and flotation cells that comprise a concentrator
unloading	The release of the contaminant that was captured by a filter medium.
scarfing	Also termed deseaming
dyes	Dyes are chemical compounds that can attach themselves to fabrics or surfaces to give them colour
chartist	Market analyst who uses charts of price behaviour to predict price movements
reservoir	an artificial lake created and used for the storage of water.
option	The right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific amount of a given commodity at a specified price during a specified period.
arc-over voltage	The minimum voltage required to cause an arc between electrodes separated by a gas or liquid insulation.
seal	the impermeable material, such as cement grout bentonite, or puddling clay placed in the annular space between the borehole wall and the casing of a water well to prevent the downhole movement of surface water or the vertical mixing of artestian waters.
trophic pyramid	A graphic model describing the distribution of energy, biomass, or some other measurable quantity between the different trophic levels found in an ecosystem.
exploration	Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond-drilling and other work involved in searching for ore.
s-wave	A seismic wave that moves material it encounters perpendicular to its direction of travel
linear hypotheses	Assumption that any radiation causes biological damage according to a straight-line graph of adverse health effects versus dose.
pm2.5	Measure of particulate matter (pollutants from combustion and natural sources); denotes particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.
88370	VIEWS parameter: OC CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC TOR; AQS Code: 88370; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
blue gold	Blue gold is gold with a bluish tinge
thalweg	the line of maximum depth in a stream
logjam	A strainer dam of logs across a river
micron	A unit of length equal to one millionth of a metre (0.001mm).
viscosity	The syrupiness of water and it determines the mobility of the water
temperature	Temperature is defined as the measure of the average speed of atoms and molecules
shaking table	A simple method of concentrating some ores
law of partition	A situation that enables a solute to dissolve in solvents based on the solubility of those solvents
filter	a device used to remove solids from a mixture or to separate materials
crop dusting	the application of pesticides to plants by a low-flying plane.
s	Chemical symbol for Sulphur.
hydrogen	At standard temperature and pressure, it is a colourless, odourless, non-metallic, highly flammable gas
nrc	Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S
groundwater recharge	The replenishment of groundwater with surface water.
base metal	A metal which oxidises when heated in air, e.g
single-crystal material	A material that is composed of a single crystal or a few large crystals.
brass	Brass is a metal alloy containing (at least 50%) copper and zinc.
mutation component	A quantity that provides a measure of the relative change in disease frequency per unit relative change in mutation rate, i.e., a measure of responsiveness; MC values differ for different classes of heritable disease.
vapor	A vapor is closely related to a gas
back trajectory	The modeled path of an air parcel as it is projected backward in time.
heat island	The dome of relatively warm air which develops over the center of urbanized areas.
draw stroke	paddling technique of moving a boat sideways toward the paddle
kinetic energy	Energy from motion.
inland freshwater wetlands	swamps, marshes, and bogs found inland beyond the coastal saltwater wetlands.
alc	VIEWS parameter: Aluminum (Coarse); CAS Number: 7429-90-5; AQS Code: 83101; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
wellhead price	The price paid at the wellhead for crude oil or natural gas production.
pathogen	Microscopic parasite organism that causes disease in a host
icru	International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements: The international organization charged with standardizing radiation units and measures.
secondary energy demand	Energy used by final customers for residential, commercial, industrial and transportation purposes, and hydrocarbons used for such non-energy purposes as petrochemical feedstock.
bioaccumulate	certain metals and organic pollutants tend to bioaccumulate, meaning they accumulate in muscle or fatty tissue of organisms and dramatically increase in concentration as they move up the food chain.
alluvial	Pertaining to material carried or laid down by running water
omcf_large	VIEWS parameter: Organic Carbon Mass (Fine), Large Fraction; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
convection current	The movement of a gas or a fluid in chaotic vertical mass motions because of heating.
conduit	A natural or artificial channel through which fluids may be transported.
double replacement	A chemical reaction where two compounds are mixed and they exchange parts of their compounds with each other
hydrogen	Symbol:"H" Atomic Number:"1" Atomic Mass: 1.01amu
soft water	Any water that does not contain large concentrations of the dissolved minerals calcium or magnesium.
smog	Generic term used to describe mixtures of pollutants in the atmosphere
shelf life of batteries	The length of time, under specified conditions, that a battery can be stored so that it keeps its guaranteed capacity.
national response team	representatives of 13 federal agencies that, as a team, coordinate federal responses to nationally significant incidents of pollution and provide advice and technical assistance to the responding agencies.
paidse	Parameter IDs Selected: A comma separated list of unique ParameterIDs
anion	A negative ion, such as sulfate, nitrate, or chloride.
charge carrier	A free and mobile conduction electron or hole in a semiconductor.
air pollution episode	A period of elevated air pollution, usually lasting up toseveral days, extending over a large geographical area.
discharge	Flow of surface water in a stream or canal.
tailings storage facility	A natural or man-made confined area suitable for depositing the material that remains after the treatment of ore.
speed of light	Velocity of light in a vacuum
radium	Symbol:"Ra" Atomic Number:"88" Atomic Mass: 226.03amu
calving	The loss of glacier mass when ice breaks off into a large water body like an ocean or a lake.
tonne	Metric ton, equivalent to 1,000 kilograms or 2,200 pounds.
storage container	A device in which sealed sources are transported or stored.
diffusion	Diffusion is a process that happens when a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
futures	Generic term for exchange-traded contracts creating an irrevocable obligation to buy or sell an underlying asset at a defined price and date in the future.
cement grout	a mixture of water and cement in the ratio of not more than 5-6 gallons of water to a 94 pound sack of portland cement which is fluid enough to be pumped through a small diameter pipe.
action	"Action" - The identifier of the action to take when the service is executed
haze index	A measure of visibility derived from calculated light extinction measurements that is designed so that uniform changes in the haze index correspond to uniform incremental changes in visual perception, across the entire range of conditions from pristine to highly impaired
cap	A derivative position that protects the holder from any cost of a rise in the price of the underlying above an agreed level
imhoff cone	a clear, cone-shaped container used to measure the volume of settleable solids in a specific volume of water.
eff	VIEWS parameter: Rain Gauge Efficiency Ratio; Description: Rain Gauge Efficiency Ratio (Svol/Ppt); Type Code: AQU
international date line	A line drawn almost parallel to the 180 degree longitude meridian that marks the location where each day officially begins
retro	A recent designation for the period in the forties when large scale, stylized geometric forms were the rage
88374	VIEWS parameter: OC1 CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC; AQS Code: 88374; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
oxbow lake	Is portion of abandoned stream channel filled with stagnant water and cut off from the rest of the stream
reach	in general, a length of stream with relatively homogenous characteristics.
abms	American Bureau of Metal Statistics
soilf	VIEWS parameter: Soil (Fine); AQS Code: 88348; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
cambrian	Geologic period that occurred from 570 to 505 million years ago
premarket	At the LME, trading electronically or over the telephone among brokers before the market opens for ring-dealing
climatic year	a period used in meteorological measurements
shutdown	A production hiatus during which the platform ceases to produce while essential maintenance work is undertaken.
hardened target	A target protected against the blast, heat, and radiation effects of nuclear weapons of specific yields
i	Chemical symbol for Iodine.
ion	An atom that is electrically charged because of loss or gain of electrons.
genus	A group in the classification of organisms
fission	Reproduction of microrganisms by means of cell division.
capital	Short-and long-term debt, including capital lease obligations, plus total shareholders' equity.
parasite	Consumer organism that feeds on a host for an extended period of time
biofilm	Population of various microrganisms, trapped in a layer of slime and excretion products, attached to a surface.
inoculant	Material which when added to molten metal modifies the structure, and thereby changes the physical and mechanical properties to a degree not explained on the basis of the change in composition resulting from its use.
silicon	A chemical element, atomic number 14, semi-metallic in nature, dark gray, an excellent semiconductor material
thermal infrared radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 3 to 14 micrometers (µm).
gadolinium 153	A radioisotope of the element gadolinium.
water washable penetrant	A penetrant containing emulsifying such that it does not require the allocation of a separate emulsifying agent to facilitate removal by eater rinsing.
overbought/oversold	A market analyst's opinion that the market has moved further or faster than justified by all the known factors.
mfs	Micro Filtration System, it serves full automatic solid/ liquid separation.
capillary action	Movement of water along microscopic channels
pickling	A process to chemically remove scale or oxide from steel to obtain a clean surface
brightness contrast	The ratio of the difference in brightness between two objects to the brightness of the brighter of the two
sheeting	A form of physical weathering of rock where surface sheets of material fracture and exfoliate because of pressure release
sewage	Waste fluid in a sewer system.
ocean current	Large scale horizontal flow of ocean water that is persistent and driven by atmospheric circulation.
celsius scale	Scale for measuring temperature
radium	A radioactive element with the atomic number 88 and an atomic weight of 226
slag	Metal smelting waste
fresh:salt water interface	the region where fresh water and salt water meet
deciview	The unit of measurement of haze, as in the haze index (HI) defined below.
thickener	A vessel or apparatus for reducing the proportion of water in a pulp by means of sedimentation.
eutrophic	having a large or excessive supply of plant nutrients (nitrates and phosphates)
radar	RAdio Detection And Ranging
stress relieving	A heat treatment including heating and soaking at a
moho discontinuity	The lower boundary of the crust
stoping	The process of excavating ore underground.
water availability model	a numerical surface water flow model used to determine the availability of surface water for water right permitting.
municipal sludge	semi-liquid residue remaining from the treatment of municipal water and wastewater.
voxel phantom	Computational anthropomorphic phantom based on medical tomographic images where the anatomy is described by small three-dimensional volume elements (voxels) specifying the density and the atomic composition of the various organs and tissues of the human body.
non-ionizing radiation	A form of electromagnetic radiation that does not have enough energy to cause ionization of atoms in living tissue
thermal recovery	An enhanced recovery method using heat to reduce the viscosity of oils that are too thick to flow to production wells
price-taking	Parties to a period pricing contract are price-taking when they import a reference price into the operation of their contract
aerosol	a suspension of small liquid or solid particles in gas.
layback	A single cut, in an open pit, consisting of a number of benches, mined to expose the underlying orebody.
satellite power system	Concept for providing large amounts of electricity for use on the Earth from one or more satellites in geosynchronous Earth orbit
decoration	There are many different decoration styles please see the list below for the main style types;
farm hall	An estate in England, where, at the end of WW II, the top 10 German atomic scientists were captured and held and their conversations were secretly recorded
kiloton	This is approximately the amount of energy that would be released by the explosion of 1,000 tons of TNT.
levee	Ridge of coarse deposits found alongside the stream channels and elevated above the floodplain
primary pollutant	Air pollutants that enter the atmosphere directly
progenitor cell	Undifferentiated cell capable of limited proliferation.
kame terrace	A long flat ridge composed of glaciofluvial sediment
speciality	Expression mainly used in USA to refer to higher-specification alloy steels.
sip	State Implementation Plan; a detailed description of the measures a state will use to carry out its responsibilities under the Clean Air Act.
weighted emissions	Specific to the Weighted Emissions Potential (WEP) analysis on the TSS
tropic of capricorn	Latitude of 23.5° South
out-of-the-money	An option whose strike price is above the current market price if a call and below it if a put.
w126	an ozone index that multiplies each specific concentration by a sigmoidal weighted function, then sums all values
shield	A large stable area of exposed very old (more than 600 million years) igneous and metamorphic rock found on continents
power density	The ratio of the power available from a battery to its mass (W/kg) or volume (W/l).
foliar injury	injury or death of tissues in foliage
corrosion	Deterioration of material, usually a metal, that results from reaction with its environment.
gamma radiation	High-energy, short wavelength, electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus of an atom
detritivore	Heterotrophic organism that feeds on detritus
total_bext	VIEWS parameter: Total extinction, aerosol + rayleigh; Type Code: CALC; Units: Inverse megameters
iron	The product of the smelting of iron ore and the raw material for steel.
endemism	the characteristic of being confined to or indigenous in, a certain area or region.
wellbore	The hole made by a well.
construction costs	Money required to build a power plant.
alclad	A sandwich of high-strength aluminium alloy sheet between two sheets of commercially pure metal for a combination of strength and corrosion resistance
profundal zone	a lake's deep-water region that is not penetrated by sunlight.
no	Nitrous oxide
storm track	The path taken by a storm (thunderstorm, mid-latitude cyclone or hurricane) or the average path taken by storms.
contamination	the introduction into water of sewage or other foreign matter that will render the water unfit for its intended use.
ore	An ore is a material that contains a metal in such
climax community	Plant community that no longer undergoes changes in species composition due to succession.
tinplate	Thin steel sheet coated with a minute amount of tin
nuclear proliferation	Process of new nations, not currently having nuclear bombs, acquiring nuclear warheads.
overwriter	Someone who writes with their hand on the page so that it sits above where the nib is writing
atoms	molecules, or ions move freely and are not bound to each other
plankton	Minute plant (phytoplankton) and animal organisms (zooplankton) that are found in aquatic ecosystems.
soil taxonomy	The classification of a soil in a hierarchical system based on its various properties
experiment	A controlled investigation designed to evaluate the outcomes of causal manipulations on some system of interest.
reflection	Return of radiation by a surface without a change of frequency.
scientific method	The approach science uses to gain knowledge
till	Heterogeneous sediment deposited directly by a glacier
atomic energy	Energy released in nuclear reactions
secondary carnivore	See tertiary consumer.
doré	Unrefined gold and silver bullion bars usually consisting of approximately 90 percent precious metals that will be further refined to almost pure metal.
seismology	A branch of science focused on the study of earthquakes and seismic activity.
fossil	Geologically preserved remains of an organism that lived in the past.
diamond drill	A rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock that is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two cm or more in diameter.
host rock	The rock surrounding an ore deposit.
heliosphere	The region of space dominated by the solar wind and the Sun’s magnetic field.
hanging wall	The topmost surface of an inclined fault.
meander	Sinuous shaped stream channel
radiation	The emission and propagation of energy by means of electromagnetic waves or particles
psd	Prevention of Significant Deterioration; a program established by the Clean Air Act that limits the amount of additional air pollution that is allowed in Class I and Class II areas.
american option	An option, normally an OTC option on physical, which can be declared at any time prior to expiration.
productivity	Rate of energy fixation or storage of biomass by plants
neper	The natural logarithm of a ratio of two amplitudes (equal to 8.686 dB) used as a measure of attenuation
steel	Generally defined as a metallic product whose principal
merchant bar	A wide-ranging variety of small and medium standard-sized long products available from mills, including a variety of cross-sections (round, square, oblong, hexagonal etc) and some shapes such as angles and channels
cash flow	Income before extraordinary items plus non-cash revenues (such as equity income)
river	A long narrow channel of water that flows as a function of gravity and elevation across the Earth's surface
ten-man raft	A boat 8 by 16 feet that will accommodate four to six people
static water depth	the vertical distance from the centerline of the pump discharge down to the surface level of the free pool while no water is being drawn from the pool or water table.
grade	The amount of valuable mineral in each ton of ore, expressed as troy ounces per ton or grams per tonne for precious metals and as a percentage for other metals.
calibration	to check, adjust, or determine by comparison that a computer model will produce results that meet or exceed some defined criteria within a specified degree of confidence.
arbitrage	An operation to lock in a temporary price advantage which involves a purchase of metal in one market with the simultaneous sale of an equivalent quantity of the same metal in another market, (eg copper on the LME and Comex)
flood basalt	See plateau basalt.
floodplain	The flat or nearly flat land along a river or stream that is covered by water during a flood.
seismic wave	Successive wave-type displacement of rock usually caused by an earthquake.
thrusting event	A period of structural compression in geological time with the generation of low-angle thrust faults.
flashing	A thin piece of impervious material installed to prevent the passage of water into a structure from a joint
api	American Petroleum Institute
pcm3_oc	VIEWS parameter: PCM3 OC; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
high speed steel	The term `high speed steel’ was derived from the fact that it is capable of cutting metal at a much higher rate than carbon tool steel and continues to cut and retain its hardness even when the point of the tool is heated to a low red temperature.
ternary alloy	An alloy of three metals.
through hardening	Hardening of a metal part, usually steel, in which the hardness across a section of the part is essentially uniform; that is, the center of the section is only slightly lower in hardness than the surface.
thematic map	Map that displays the geographical distribution of one phenomenon or the spatial associations that occur between a few phenomena
tail water	the runoff of irrigation water from the lower end of an irrigated field.
infiltration rate	Rate of absorption and downward movement of water into the soil layer.
energy crisis	When the supply of an energy source (such as oil) is limited and prices go up dramatically.
lean in	At the sound of this call, crew members shift their weight in over the boat so that if they lose their balance, they will fall into, rather than out of, the boat.
exfoliation dome	A physical weathering feature associated with granite that is the result of the erosion of overburden material and pressure-release
competition	Interaction where two or more organisms in the same space require the same resource (e.g., food, water, nesting space, and ground space) which is in limiting supply to the individuals seeking it
evaporation pan	Meteorological instrument that is used to measure evaporation rates.
semi-fabricator	See Fabricator.
primary metals	Metal which has been produced from ore as distinct from that produced from scrap.
yellowcake	Yellow powder that is mostly uranium
hc fecr	High carbon ferro-chrome
amino acid	A carboxylic acid containing an amino group (-NH2)
oxidant stipple	small brown or black interveinal necrotic lesions on the adaxial surface of leaf tissue that can be attributed to exposure to ozone.
aluminizing	Coating steel with aluminum
austempering	Quenching from a temperature above the transformation
megaohmmeter	An instrument for measuring extremely high resistance.
inert waste	waste that does not contain hazardous waste or soluble pollutants at concentrations in excess of applicable water quality objectives, and does not contain significant quantities of decomposable waste.
k	VIEWS parameter: Potassium Ion; Description: Potassium Ion; CAS Number: 7440-09-7; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
water cycle	natural pathway water follows as it changes between liquid, solid, and gaseous states; biogeochemical cycle that moves and recycles water in various forms through the ecosphere
wavelength	Distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.
samarium	Symbol:"Sm" Atomic Number:"62" Atomic Mass: 150.40amu
contract month	On futures exchanges other than the LME a month in which the material is deliverable
sea breeze	Local thermal circulation pattern found at the interface between land and water
operating license	Permission given by law to operate something, e.g
externally mixed	Particulate species that co-exist as separate particles without co-mingling or combining.
radio frequency display	The presentation of unrectified signals on a cathode ray tube
ans	American Nuclear Society.
corrosivity	Ability of water to dissolve or break down certain substances, particularly metals.
pso4	Particulate sulfate
straits tin	Tin from Malaysia
gas cavern well	An underground storage area (hole made underground by drilling salt generally out) used to store liquefied natural gas for future use.
austentic	A major class of alloy steel, especially stainless
spit	A long and narrow accumulation of sand and/or gravel that projects into a body of ocean water
water quality	The condition of water with respect to the amount of impurities in it.
graben fault	This fault is produced when tensional stresses result in the subsidence of a block of rock
left bank	Left side of the river when facing downstream.
scattering	an interaction of light with an object (e.g., a fine particle) that causes the light to be redirected in its path.
photogrammetry	The science of using aerial photographs and other remote sensing imagery to obtain measurements of natural and human-made features on the Earth.
apt	Ammonium paratungstate – principal form in which tungsten is traded internationally.
mou	memorandum of understanding; an agreement between two (or more) legal entities.
watershed	A land area from which water drains to a particular water body.
capitalization	A financial term used to describe the value financial markets put on a company
routed export transaction	A transaction where the foreign principal party in interest authorizes U.S
pedogenesis	Process of soil formation.
iso	International Organization for Standardization
secondary ferrous materials	Ferrous scrap metals includes carbon steel and iron, as well as stainless steel and steel alloys left from manu-facturing processes or obtained from the disposal of products that have reached the end of their lifecycles
databrowser submit button	The large button in the middle of the Data Browser toolbar that has a green arrow pointing to the word "Submit".
hawaiian high	See Pacific High.
rainshadow effect	Reduction of precipitation commonly found on the leeward side of a mountain
coal	A black, solid fossil fuel found in the Earth
rhgrid	VIEWS parameter: Relative Humidity (Climatological Monthly); Description: Climatological monthly average RH from EPA; Type Code: CALC; Units: PERCENT
bed forms	three-dimensional configurations of bed material, which are formed in streambeds by the action of flowing water.
hayashi track	Hayashi track is a phase in the life cycle of a star in which its luminosity decreases but he surface temperature remains the same and the star enters the main sequence in the H-R diagram.
making time downriver	A method of increasing downstream speed by using downstream angles, avoiding eddies and staying in the strongest jet of the current.
injection well	A well used for pumping water or gas into the reservoir to increase pressure and allow recovery of more crude oil
earth revolution	Refers to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun
cash and carry	When a contango exists, the premium of the forward position over the prompt generally reflects costs of storage, insurance and finance for that period
phreatic zone	the area in an aquifer in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water
british thermal unit	The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 60 degrees F to 61 degrees F at one atmosphere pressure.
roughing stand	The first mill stand (set of rolls) in a hot rolling mill train or line (a series of stands), which reduces the steel to approximate dimensions.
nivation	Process where snow patches initiate erosion through physical weathering, meltwater flow, and gelifluction.
nutrient cycle	the cyclic conversions of nutrients from one form to another within biological communities
devonian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 360 to 408 million years ago
separate sewer	a sewer system that carries only sanitary sewage, not stormwater runoff
lonmax	Longitude Maximum: A valid longitude value to be used as the maximum longitude in a geographical boundary specification
tundra	High latitude biome dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, a few grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses
check dam	a small dam constructed in a gully or other small water course to decrease the streamflow velocity, minimize channel erosion, promote deposition of sediment and to divert water from a channel.
granite	Medium to coarse grained igneous rock that is rich in quartz and potassium feldspar
q-bop	Quick Basic Oxygen Process
euf	VIEWS parameter: Europium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-53-1; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
slurry	a watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques.
baroque	An irregular, rounded stone, glass or bead; also an imitation pearl with an uneven or craggy shape and/or surface.
toll rolling	Mills with more rolling capacity than steel of their own to roll may undertake rolling for other steelmakers short of capacity on a tolling basis, charging per tonne of throughput, without taking ownership of the steel
ions	that are electrically charged atoms, positive when electrons have been lost, or negative when electrons have been added.
etching	Treatment of a prepared metal surface with acid or other chemical reagent which, by differential attack, reveals the structure.
findings	All types of fasteners, and construction components used in jewellery making.
radial	In the direction of a radius between the center and the surface of a circle, cylinder, or sphere.
cfr.	Short for cost and freight
current	the portion of a stream or body of water which is moving with a velocity much greater than the average of the rest of the water
velocity	The speed of movement of an object in one direction.
connection	That part of a circuit that has negligible impedance and that joins components, devices, etc., together.
in sight from	(within sight from, within sight) Where it is specified that one equipment shall be "in sight from", "within sight from" or "within sight", etc
f	Light scattering enhancement factor due to the uptake of water by certain aerosol species, based on relative humidity
franco	French for delivered.
cold rolling	The rolling treatment for hot rolled coil that reduces the thickness of coil to the exact final desired dimensions, which can be as fine as 0.35mm (0.014inch)
activated sludge	Oxygen dependent biological process that serves to convert soluble organic matter to solid biomass, that is removable by gravity or filtration.
stress corrosion	Preferential attack area under stress in a corrosive environment, where such an environment alone would not have caused corrosion.
steel	Generally defined as a metallic product whose principal element is iron and where the carbon content is not more than 2%
mie scattering	The attenuation of light in the atmosphere by scattering due to particles of a size comparable to the wavelength of the incident light
pack rolling	A technique of rolling two thicknesses of thin sheet or foil together and then separating them.
dyne	A unit of force that creates an acceleration on a mass of 1 gram equal to 1 centimeter per second
malleability	It can be defined as the property of a metal to
cycle	The length of time a filter can be used before it needs cleaning, usually including cleaning time.
compression	A system of forces or stresses that tends to decrease the volume or to shorten a substance, or the change of volume produced by such a system of forces.
zooplankton	Small heterotrophic organisms found inhabiting aquatic ecosystems
precious resin	A marketing term, most famously used by Mont Blanc, that essentially means plastic.
epicenter	Surface location of an earthquake's focus.
irradiate	Material subjected to ionizing radiation
dredge	Alluvial deposits, notably of tin, are often mined by dredges which float on artificial or natural shallow waters (pond), dredge up the mineral and concentrate it on board with spirals, shaking tables etc
continental shield	See shield.
deep discharge	Discharging a battery to 20-percent or less of its full charge.
value	An LME term referring to a price which has been traded in a volume sufficient to satisfy all the current buyers and sellers at that price.
ground ice	General term used to describe all bodies of ice in the ground surface of the permafrost layer
surge	A large, destructive ocean wave caused by very low atmospheric pressure and strong winds
"nice looking rubbber"	One of the higher compliments that can he paid a raft.
food chain	Movement of energy through the trophic levels of organisms
diluting water	distilled water that has been stabilized, buffered, and aerated
threshold limit value	Refers to airborne concentrations of substances
laterite	Hard subsurface deposit of oxides of aluminum and iron found in tropical soils where the water table fluctuates with seasonal changes in precipitation.
pickling	Immersing hot rolled steel, for example, in acid to remove mill scale.
inversion	A change in crystal form without change in chemical composition, as from quartz to cristobalite.
asthma	a condition marked by labored breathing, constriction of the chest, coughing and gasping usually brought on by allergies.
backup safety system	Safety system that will go into operation if the first-line safety system fails.
pore ice	A form of periglacial ground ice that is found in the spaces that exist between particles of soil.
thalweg	Line of deepest water in a stream channel as seen from above
tempering	When steel, especially high speed steel, has been heat-treated it is then normally tempered at lower temperature to optimise hardness without excessive brittleness.
algo trading	See algorithm.
segregation	A term applied to the concentration and partial separation
conventional sewer systems	Systems that were traditionally used to collect municipal wastewater in gravity sewers and convey it to a central primary or secondary treatment plant, before discharge on receiving surface waters.
sandpaper	Small choppy waves over shallows.
upwelling	The movement of nutrient-rich deep seawater to the ocean's surface.
doublet	Assembled opals combine natural opal with other materials
convergence precipitation	The formation of precipitation due to the convergence of two air masses
soil fertility	The ability of a soil to provide nutrients for plant growth.
lot	This has a precise meaning in futures markets, where it refers to the minimum quantity covered in a contract, but it is also a common way of referring to consignments being transported or traded.
sludge	solid matter that settles to the bottom of sedimentation tanks in a sewage treatment plant and must be disposed of by digestion or other methods or recycled to the land.
workload	The output of a radiation machine or a radioactive source integrated over a suitable time and expressed in appropriate units.
position	The number of futures contracts a participant has open to buy or sell an asset.
sea-floor spreading	The process of oceanic crust creation and sea-floor movement that occurs at the mid-oceanic ridge.
static equilibrium	Static equilibrium occurs where force and reaction are balanced and the properties of the system remain unchanged over time.
water year	a division based on a general pattern of annual wet and dry periods rather than a calendar year
dose	The energy absorbed by tissue from ionizing radiation
intensity	Amount of energy per unit time passing through a unit area perpendicular to the line of propagation at the point in question
river right	Right side of the river when facing downstream.
sub-basin	in general, a portion of a river basin.
thermal high	Area of high pressure in the atmosphere caused by the area having warmer temperatures relative to the air around it.
difference	In LME clearing, contracts are concluded at maturity by the payment into settlement by the broker, or from settlement to the broker, on behalf of his client, of the difference between his closed contract price and the corresponding settlement price.
dolomite	A form of limestone containing magnesia, which is used as a flux in a blast furnace
fen	A habitat composed of woodland and swamp.
marsh	an area periodically inundated and treeless and often characterized by grasses, cattails, and other monocotyledons
critical point	This generally refers to a temperature at which
european directive	The European Union has been legislating to control emissions of air pollutants and to establish air quality objectives since the early 1970s
insulation	Materials that prevent or slow down the movement of heat.
pin	expansion test - A test for determining the ability of tubes to be expanded or for revealing the presence of cracks or other longitudinal weaknesses, made by forcing a tapered pin into the open end of a tube.
natural conditions	Prehistoric and pristine atmospheric states, i
method blank	laboratory grade water taken through the entire analytical procedure to determine if samples are being accidentally contaminated by chemicals in the lab
representative fraction	The expression of map scale as a mathematical ratio.
iron-iron carbide diagram	A phase diagram representing metastable equilibrium conditions between Fe and Fe3C over the entire range of carbon steels and cast irons.
hydropower	energy or power produced by moving water.
thermosphere	Atmospheric layer above the mesosphere (above 80 kilometers) characterized by air temperatures rising rapidly with height
cubic crystal	A crystal shaped like a cube
standard solution	any solution in which the concentration is known.
quantitative water assessment	Use of analyses of water properties and concentrations of compounds and contaminants in order to define water quality.
cta	Commodity Trading Advisor – a firm or more likely an individual who uses charts and system trading to trade on futures markets on behalf of managed investment funds
overburden	Barren rock material, either loose or consolidated overlying a mineral deposit, which must be removed prior to mining.
dike	A tabular igneous intrusion that cuts across the bedding or foliation of the country rock.
hydrologic cycle	The Hydrologic Cycle (also known as the water cycle) is the journey water takes as it circulates from the Earth to the sky and back again.
ball mill	A large steel cylinder containing steel balls into which crushed ore is fed
widmanstatten structure	A microstructure resulting when steels are cooled at a critical rate from extremely high temperatures
dielectric withstanding voltage	Maximum potential gradient that a dielectric material can withstand without failure.
universe	which tries to explain its origin, evolution and ultimate fate and thus forms the basis of modern cosmology
calcium	In the form of calcium silicide acts as a deoxidizer and degasifier when added to steel
ochf	VIEWS parameter: Oh IMPROVE Pm2.5 LC; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88322; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
backwash	The return water flow of swash
sustainability	the long-term capacity of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes and functions, biological diversity, and productivity.
light energy	Electromagnetic energy in the visibility spectrum, i.e
assay	To analyze the proportions of metals in an ore, to test an ore or mineral for composition, purity, weight, or other properties of commercial interest.
lonmin	Longitude Minimum: A valid longitude value to be used as the minimum longitude in a geographical boundary specification
thrust fault	A geologic fault where the hanging wall is forced over the foot wall.
peening	A technique of blasting the surface of metal with shot
decarbonation	The process of removing carbon dioxide from water, using contact towers or air scrubbers.
sedge	Grass-like plant that is adapted to grow in moist habitats.
surface creep	The sliding and rolling movement of soil particles on the Earth's surface because of wind
discharge	The release of radioactive or toxic substances (effluents) to the environment.
official prices	Prices established by the LME as the closing prices at the end of the morning session.
net smelter return royalty	A royalty based on a percentage of valuable minerals produced with settlement made either in kind or in currency based on the spot sale proceeds received less all of the offsite smelting, refining and transportation costs associated with the purification of the economic metals.
basin	A topographic rock structure whose shape is concave downwards.
antibonding molecular orbital	An orbital formed by the overlap of out-of-phase orbitals of different atoms; higher in energy than a bonding molecular orbital.
inferior conjunction	A conjunction of an inferior planet that occurs when the planet is lined up directly between the Earth and the Sun. i.e
reuse	cleaning and/or refurbishing an old product to be used again.
significant quantity	The approximate amount of nuclear material (not just fissile material), which the International Atomic Energy Agency considers that a state would need to manufacture its first nuclear explosive
sediment trapping efficiency	the ratio of sediment retained within the reservoir to the sediment inflow to the reservoir.
radium	A radioactive metallic element with atomic number 88
slitting	A process of converting sheet in coils into strip by passing the metal through a machine with multiple rotary knives.
cold rolled	A process used to fine-tune the surface finish and dimensional tolerance of hot rolled steel
receiving waters	A river, lake, ocean, stream or other watercourse into which wastewater or treated effluent is discharged.
raw sewage	Untreated wastewater and its contents.
reluctance	the degree of difficulty or resistance of a material to magnetize.
nutrient	as a pollutant, any element or compound, such as phosphorous or nitrogen, that fuels abnormally high organic growth in aquatic ecosystems
pig	(i) A rough cast shape from the blast furnace, e.g
tertiary consumer	Organisms that occupy the fourth trophic level in the grazing food chain
megawatt	A unit of power, = 106 watts
non-nuclear weapon state	Any state that did not manufacture and explode a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device before January 1, 1967
drift	A horizontal or nearly horizontal underground opening driven along a vein to gain access to the deposit.
88336	VIEWS parameter: Pyrolc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Description: Pyrolc Stn Pm2.5 Lc; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
sellers over	The opposite of buyers over.
longlines	fishing lines stretching for dozens of miles and baited with hundreds of hooks
in vivo	Studies carried out in cell or culture systems inside the whole organism.
hydropower	electrical energy produced by falling water.
nuclei	The plural form of nucleus.
eddy	A place where the current either stops or turns to head upstream
arc strike	The location where a welding electrode has contacted a metal surface, melting a small volume of metal.
on-road mobile sources	Emissions sources from vehicles certified for highway use
gradient	The slope of a river expressed in feet per mile.
backsiphonage	reverse seepage of water in a distribution system.
outfall	The place where a wastewater treatment plant discharges treated water into the environment.
transmission gauge	A device for determining the amount of particles collected on a filter by the attenuation of light passing through the filter
ex ship	Seller's responsibility ends when the goods leave the slings alongside the vessel
alpha particles	These are particles possessing a positive charge, and are emited from radioactive elements
lotic system	a flowing body of fresh water, such as a river or stream
stratum/strata	A bed or layer of rock; strata, more than one layer.
fob	A short chain with a decorative seal or other device attached to the end
regional haze	A cloud of aerosols extending up to hundreds of miles across a region and promoting noticeably hazy conditions
intra-day	A trade or pricing relating to a futures market price ruling during the day, i.e
nanometre	(1/1000th of a µm)
visible dye penetrant	An intensely colored (usually red) highly penetrating liquid which will provide maximum contrast with the white developer when used for detection of surface discontinuities.
tin oxide	A wide band-gap semiconductor similar to indium oxide; used in heterojunction solar cells or to make a transparent conductive film, called NESA glass when deposited on glass.
refraction	The change of direction of a ray of light in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which the speed of propagation differs.
edge cities	cities bounded by water, usually with eroding or polluted waterfront areas.
extras	Additions to basis or list prices due on steel products of particular dimensions; or guaranteed to especially fine tolerances with respect to dimensions or flatness; or steels that have received particular treatments or coatings
88383	VIEWS parameter: EC1 CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC; AQS Code: 88383; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
gauge length	Used in the mechanical testing of steel, it is the
elastic limit	The maximum stress that can be applied to a
thematic mapper	Remote sensing device found on Landsat satellites that scans images in seven spectral bands from visible to thermal infrared.
tapos	Short for Traded Average Price Options
landings	the amount of fish brought back to the docks and marketed
striations	Striations are grooves, lines and scratches found naturally in some minerals.
transformation curve	showing the relationship between
hypergalaxy	A system consisting of a spiral galaxy surrounded by several dwarf white galaxies, often ellipticals
hypothesis	A tentative assumption that is made for the purpose of empirical scientific testing
publicly-owned treatment works	a wastewater treatment plant that is owned by a state, unit of local government or Indian tribe, usually designed to treat domestic wastewaters
allergen	Substance capable of provoking a response by the immune system
feldspar	Referring to a group of minerals that play an important role in the formation of rocks: popular varieties include moonstone and sunstone.
dig	Plunge paddle blades deep to grab the stronger downstream current well below the surface
max_temp	VIEWS parameter: Maximum temperature; Description: Maximum temperature during sampling; Type Code: TMP; Units: DEGREES, CENTIGRADE
leaded	See free machining.
soft water	any water that does not contain a significant amount of dissolved minerals such as salts of calcium or magnesium.
crucible	Refractory pot in which smaller quantities of metals and alloys are melted prior to final adjustment of the composition and pouring
sinkhole	A pit like hole in found in areas of karst
pathogen	microorganisms which can cause disease.
raindrop impact	Force exerted by a falling raindrop on a rock, sediment, or soil surface.
electrolyte	Substance that dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water.
receiving waters	a river, ocean, stream, or other watercourse into which wastewater or treated effluent is discharged.
austenitic steels	Steels containing high percentages of certain alloying
alkaline earth metals	Group II of the periodic table consists of the alkaline earth metals
open position	A position that is yet to mature (See Long or Short).
v6	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid value but qualified due to non-standard sampling conditions; Source: NARSTO
radium	A radioactive decay product of uranium often found in uranium ore
check valve	A valve that allows water to stream in one direction and will then close to prevent development of a back-flow.
background radiation	The natural ionizing radiation of man's environment, including cosmic rays from outer space, naturally radioactive elements in the ground and naturally radioactive elements in the human body.
undercut bank	Steep bank found on the inside of stream meanders
target load	the level of exposure to one or more pollutants that results in an acceptable level of resource protection; may be based on political, economic, or temporal considerations.
up-flow	An upward flow of water.
frm_nh4_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH FRM Equivalent NH4 PM2.5; CAS Number: 14798-03-9; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
rime	Deposit of ice crystals that occurs when fog or super cooled water droplets comes in contact with an object with a temperature below freezing (0° Celsius)
biological half-life	The time required for a biological system, such as that of a human, to eliminate, by natural processes, half of the amount of a substance (such as a radioactive material) that has entered it.
damping material	A highly absorbent material used to cause rapid decay of vibration.
radioactive isotope	Element that emits ionizing radiation when it decays
flood tide	Time during the tidal period when the tide is rising
outer core	Outer region of the Earth's core
coal	Sedimentary rock composed of the compacted, lithified and altered remains of plants
over-fishing	fishing beyond the capacity of a population to replace itself through natural reproduction.
mark to market	Revaluing an open position on the basis of current market price, usually to assess the need for a variation margin.
teeming	Industry term for pouring molten metal, usually into ingot moulds.
cation	A negatively charged ion, resulting from dissociation of molecules in solution.
inwall brick	Refractory lining of the inwall section of blast furnace or cupola.
synchrotron radiation	Radiation emitted by very fast, charged particles in a magnetic field as a result of their natural gyration in that field
wind	Air moving horizontally and/or vertically.
chlorination	A water purification process in which chlorine is added to water for disinfection, for the control of present microrganisms
air pollutant	An unwanted chemical or other material found in the air.
mineral sands	Coastal alluvial deposits of heavy minerals containing titanium, zirconium, rare earths etc.
plume blight	Visual impairment of air quality that manifests itself as a coherent plume
magnetometer	Device for measuring the intensity and orientation of the magnetic field of a particular rock or of a certain area
squirter	See water column.
glide slope	The Regional Haze Rule mathematical curve between baseline (2000-04) conditions and natural (2064) conditions
stream bed	Bottom of the stream channel.
helmholtz contraction	The Helmholtz contraction is the gravitational collapse of a protostellar cloud that is slowed by outward gas pressure and the limited rate at which radiation can escape.
breakpoint chlorination	Addition of chlorine to water until there is enough chlorine present for disinfection of water.
alluvial deposit	Earth, sand or gravel, sometimes bearing metallic minerals, which has been washed down from the original source by water action
widmanstatten structure	A microstructure resulting when steels are cooled
erbium	Symbol:"Er" Atomic Number:"68" Atomic Mass: 167.26amu
bright drawn- steel	Long products such as bar are sometimes drawn after rolling to achieve greater dimensional accuracy and a bright finish.
methanol	CH3OH; clear liquid with characteristic odor; poisonous
convectional lifting	The vertical lifting of parcels of air through convective heating of the atmosphere
solar spectrum	The total distribution of electromagnetic radiation emanating from the sun.
fill factor	The ratio of a photovoltaic cell's actual power to its power if both current and voltage were at their maxima
flm	Federal Land Manager
indirect effects	Non-optical atmospheric effects of aerosols on cloud albedo and formation, e
hypoxic waters	Waters with dissolved oxygen concentrations of less than 2 mg/L, the level generally accepted as the minimum required for life and reproduction of aquatic organisms.
noble metals	Old-fashioned designation of precious metals
origin	The arbitrary starting point on a graph or grid coordinate system
occupational exposure	This refers to all exposure incurred by workers in the course of their work, with the exception of (1) excluded exposures and exposures from exempt activities involving radiation or exempt sources; (2) any medical exposure; and (3) the normal local natural background radiation.
fec	VIEWS parameter: Iron (Coarse); CAS Number: 7439-89-6; AQS Code: 83126; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
poa	Primary organic aerosol
epa	Environmental Protection Agency
photometer	Instrument for measuring photometric quantities such as luminance, illuminance, luminous intensity, and luminous flux
table	The table is the large, flat area at the top of a cut gemstone.
hydrologic unit	is a geographic area representing part or all of a surface drainage basin or distinct hydrologic feature.
clearing	The environment in which all bought and sold contracts between two sides of a transaction are matched, processed and settled.
light	A humanly visible form of electromagnetic radiation
dna replication	The use of existing DNA as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands.
stability	The capability of a system to tolerate or recover from disturbance or an environmental stress.
super-saturation	Atmospheric condition where saturation occurs at a relative humidity greater than 100% because of a shortage of deposition or condensation nuclei.
transmissometer	An instrument that measures the amount of light attenuation over a specified path length.
pesticides	chemical agents used to destroy pests.
pay limit	The grade of a unit of ore at which the revenue from the recovered mineral content of the ore is equal to the total cash cost including that of Ore Reserve development and stay-in-business capital
ground moraine	A thick layer of till deposited by a melting glacier.
right of free capture	the idea that the water under a person's land belongs to that person and they are free to capture and use as much as they want
armoring	the formation of an erosion-resistant layer of relatively large particles on a streambed or bank resulting from removal of finer particles by erosion.
nitrification	The biochemical oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate
grassroots	local or person-to-person
photovoltaic panel	often used interchangeably with Photovoltaic module (especially in one-module systems), but more accurately used to refer to a physically connected collection of modules (i.e., a laminate string of modules used to achieve a required voltage and current).
h	Chemical symbol for Hydrogen.
pollutant	A contaminant at a concentration high enough to endanger the life of organisms.
adiabatic	A chemical or mechanical process which takes place without heat entering or leaving the system
tandem mill	A series of stands in a rolling mill that roll the steel passing through them in a single direction ‘in tandem'
glacial deposits	A general term for debris transported by glaciers or icebergs, and deposited directly on land or in the sea.
rep	Roentgen equivalent physical
nevada topaz	Nevada topaz is a misleading term for obsidian (a semi-precious stone) - it is not a true topaz.
stemflow	Is the process that directs precipitation down plant branches and stems
postulated initiating events	Identified events that lead to anticipated operational occurrences or accident conditions and their consequential effects.
grab sample	a sample taken at a given place and time
heliocentric system	In the heliocentric model of the solar system, all the planets orbit around the Sun.
mutualism	Interspecific interaction where both species experience and increase in their fitness after interacting with the other species
axial	Oriented along an axis; in a trigonal bipyramidal structure, lying above or below the trigonal plane.
place	A term used in geography that describes the factors that make the location of natural and human-made phenomena unique.
beaufort wind scale	Descriptive system that determines wind speed by noting the effect of the wind on the environment
oxbow	a U-shaped bend in a river or stream that may or may not be cut off from the mainstem.
jet stream	a long narrow meandering current of high-speed winds near the tropopause blowing from a generally westerly direction and often exceeding a speed of 250 miles per hour.
leachate	water containing contaminants which leaks from a disposal site such as a landfill or dump.
point velocity	velocity measured at a single point in the water column of flowing water
esr	Short for electro slag refined
doldrums	Area of low atmospheric pressure and calm westerly winds located at the equator
specially designated terrorist	Any person who is determined by the U.S
vault	An enclosure, above or below ground, which personnel may enter and which is used for the purpose of installing, operating, or maintaining equipment or cable.
target theory	A theory explaining some biological effects of radiation on the basis that ionization, which occurs in a discrete volume (the target) within a cell, directly causes a lesion that later results in a physiological response to the damage at that location; one, two, or more hits (ionizing events within the target) may be necessary to elicit the response.
ebitda	Operating profit (loss) before amortisation of tangible and intangible assets, impairment of tangible and intangible assets, profit (loss) on disposal of assets and investments and unrealised non-hedge derivatives, hedge buy-back and restructuring costs plus the share of associates EBITDA, less profit (loss) from discontinued operations.
eurometal	Organisation representing European steel, tube and metal distributors as well as European flat steel service centres.
glut	An excess of supply over demand
diesel	A type of fuel that is a mixture of heavier hydrocarbons from the refining of petroleum
basket boat	A 15-foot military-surplus raft-constructed of an upper and a lower buoyancy tube; the upper tube flares outward, giving the boat a bowl- or basket-like appearance.
electrode	An electrical terminal
nitrogen flush	Bubbling nitrogen gas through a metal melt under vacuum (as with valve bronze) to improve tensile properties and pressure tightness.
cellular	Composed of cells
eukaryote	Organisms with membrane-bound nucleus and chromosomes
biological effects	Ecological studies to determine the nature or extent of air pollution injury to biological systems.
non-aqueous phase liquid	contaminants that remain undiluted as the original bulk liquid in the subsurface, such as spilled oil.
stainless steel	Can be defined as a group of corrosion resisting steels
noninductive circuit	A circuit in which the magnetic effect of the current flowing has been reduced by one several methods to a minimum or to zero.
virgin forest	a forest never logged.
epiphyte	Type of vegetation that gets its physical support from the branches of other plants
ecology	a branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their environment.
ppt	See parts per thousand.
fresh water	Water that is relatively free of salts.
z-rig	A rope and pulley system which quadruples a group's strength
work rolls	A stand rolling down the gauge of a piece of steel comprises at least one pair of work rolls, which come directly into contact with the steel being worked, and corresponding back-up rolls, which prevent the work rolls from bowing or bending under the enormous forces involved in shaping steel (especially in cold rolling mills)
grid north	The direction north as measured on the Universal Transverse Mercator grid system.
mini-mill	A steel production plant using ferrous scrap as its primary raw material
double hulled tankers	large transport ships with two hulls with space between them, protecting the cargo (in most cases, oil) from spilling in case of a collision.
additions	Materials, typically alloy elements, added to molten steel to produce the chemical specifications for the desired steel grade.
boat	Raft
deuterium	and a few other elements form380,000 yearsRecombination (Decoupling) ...
helium	and oxygen
solidification	Removal of wastewater from a waste or changing it chemically to make it less permeable and susceptible to transport by water.
series connection	A way of joining circuits by connecting positive leads to negative leads; such a configuration increases the voltage.
ph lab	VIEWS parameter: Lab pH; Description: Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration as measured at the CAL, in pH units.; Type Code: MET; Units: PH UNITS
striations	Grooves of scratches found in surface rock that are the result of glacial abrasion.
cobbed ore	Ore which has been hand-sorted lump by lump.
neon	Symbol:"Ne" Atomic Number:"10" Atomic Mass: 20.18amu
rbext	VIEWS parameter: RBext
cubic system	The Isometric crystal system which consists of three axes, each of equal length and perpendicular to others.
electron beam	A stream of electrons moving with the same velocity and direction in neighbouring paths and usually emitted from a single source such as a cathode.
victorian	The designation given to the period from approximately 1837 when Victoria became Queen of England until 1901 when she died
quenching	Immersing steel in oil or water after heat treatment to control the rate of cooling and degree of hardening.
bicarbonates	Salts containing the anion HCO3-
treated diamond	Diamonds that are artificially enhanced, to improve either colour or clarity
forest biomass	Biomass derived from forest matter
stainless steel	Rust-resistant steels containing chromium; also, according to alloy, nickel, molybdenum and other metals
boule	A sausage-shaped synthetic single-crystal mass grown in a special furnace, pulled and turned at a rate necessary to maintain the single-crystal structure during growth.
class ii areas	Areas of the country protected under the Clean Air Act, but identified for somewhat less stringent protection from air pollution damage than Class I, except in specified cases.
flat-plate photovoltaic module	An arrangement of photovoltaic cells mounted on a rigid flat surface with the cells exposed freely to incoming sunlight.
easterly wave	Atmospheric disturbance in the tropical trade winds
induced radioactivity	Radioactivity produced in any material as a result of nuclear reactions, especially by absorption of neutrons.
hedging	The establishment of an opposite position on a futures market or by means of options from that held and priced in the physical commodity
gray water	Domestic wastewater composed of wash water from kitchen, bathroom, and laundry sinks and from tubs, and washers.
transition temperature	The temperature at which a transition from ductile to brittle fracture takes place in steel
cable sheath	A conductive protective covering applied to cables
yeast artificial chromosome	A vector used to clone DNA fragments (up to 400 Kb); it is constructed from the telomeric, centromeric, and replication origin sequences needed for replication in yeast cells.
dumping	Exporting goods to another country at lower prices than on the home market or in third markets
european option	An option which in practice is only declared on the expiration date because the underlying metal can only be acquired at that time
attainment area	a geographic area in which levels of a criteria air pollutant meet the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for that specific pollutant.
transverse strength	A measurement of strength when the load is applied across the longitudinal flow of the grain of a metal
soft x-ray	primarily because of difference in observation techniques.
pressure	Is defined as the force acting on a surface from another mass per unit area.
perchloroethylene	a chlorinated solvent commonly used in dry cleaning
oligotrophic	having a low supply of plant nutrients
interrupted quenching	Rapid cooling to a selected temperature by quenching in a suitable medium, usually molten salt, holding at the temperature for an appropriate time and then cooling to room temperature
wire rod	(i) Steel; Product of first rolling of billet intended for further rolling and drawing to wire
dew	Condensation of water on the Earth's surface because of atmospheric cooling.
unscear	United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation.
skarn	Name for the metamorphic rocks surrounding an igneous intrusive where it comes in contact with a limestone or dolostone formation
fracture	Fractures are often described by the appearance of the surface of the break in a piece of steel
giga	One billion units (e.g
weld bead	a deposit of filler metal from a single welding pass.
hygroscopic water	Water held within 0.0002 millimeters of the surface of a soil particle
pfc	plasma-facing component
phloem	Food conducting tissue in vascular plants.
film badge	A package of photographic film worn like a badge by workers in the nuclear industry to measure exposure to ionizing radiation
v3	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid interpolated value; Source: NARSTO
lotic-adapted species	species for which all or part of their life history is dependent on flowing water.
secondary aerosols	aerosols formed by the interaction of two or more gas molecules and/or primary aerosols.
thermal regeneration	The process of heating activated carbon granules typically to 750 degrees Celsius to restore the properties of carbon for the next gold extraction cycle.
se	Chemical symbol for Selenium
wildlife refuges	land set aside to protect certain species of fish or wildlife (administered at the federal level in the U.S
y-12 facility	Located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the location of the first EMIS facility.
hertz	One cycle per second.
reference phantom	Voxel phantoms for the human body (male and female voxel phantoms based on medical imaging data) with the anatomical and physiological characteristics defined in the report of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Task Group on Reference Man (Publication 89, ICRP 2002).
lysosomes	Digestive sacks - the main point of digestion, these are only found in animal cells.
ltm	long term maintenance
wano	World Association of Nuclear Operators.
ballistic missile	A missile that travels to its target unpowered and unguided after being launched and at a velocity such that it will follow a flight trajectory to a desired point
bearing	A system that measures in reference to the cardinal points of a compass in 90 degree quadrants.
cold traps	Protects equipment by trapping moisture and other contaminants.
spot	Physical market supplies, immediately available at a named location.
nickel pig iron	A source of nickel and iron, usually also including chrome
alara	As Low As Reasonably Achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account
mark-up	action by a Congressional committee to amend and/or approve a bill; following mark-up the bill is "reported" out of committee and is ready for consideration by the entire House or Senate.
state implementation plan	A collection of regulations used by the state to carry out its Implementation responsibilities under the Clean Air Act.
unconfined aquifer	an aquifer containing water that is not under pressure; the water level in a well is the same as the water table outside the well
oncogenic	A substance that causes tumors, whether benign or malignant.
fissile material	Although sometimes used as a synonym for fissionable material, this term has acquired a more restricted meaning
shunt regulator	Type of a battery charge regulator where the charging current is controlled by a switch connected in parallel with the Photovoltaic generator
sow	Trade term for a large lump of unwrought primary aluminium, usually about 750 kg
ground fault circuit interrupter	A device intended for the protection of personal that functions to de-energize a circuit or portion thereof within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than required to operate the overcurrent protection device of the supply circuit.
endangered species	A species found in nature that has so few surviving individuals that the it could soon become extinct in all or most of its natural range
critical cooling rate	The slowest rate of cooling from the hardening temperature which will produce the fully hardened martensitic condition.
ice fog	A fog that is composed of small suspended ice crystals
once-through	Fuel cycle in which spent (used) fuel is not reprocessed.
radio	Electromagnetic waves, generated by high frequency alternating currents, provide a method of signalling without connecting wires.
pitted topography	Landscape characterized by numerous kettle holes on a glacial outwash plain.
dissolved load	Portion of the stream load that is in solution in the flowing water.
pilot tests	The testing of a cleanup technology under actual site conditions in a laboratory in order to identify potential problems before implementation.
clean fuels	low-pollution fuels that can replace ordinary gasoline
addition reaction	A reaction in which two species combine to form one species (distinguished from a substitution reaction).
cold work	Permanent deformation caused by application of an external force to a metal below its recrystallization temperature.
spot testing	A method of identifying scrap metal by adding drops of one or more acids to the sample and studying the colour change, reaction etc.
magnetic material	One of a number of substances that are strongly attracted by magnets and can be magnetised
sievert	Unit indicating the biological damage caused by radiation
stream	a general term for a body of flowing water.
good till cancelled	An order placed with a broker to buy or sell at a fixed price, valid until executed.
marquise	An oval stone which is pointed at both ends, also called navette
young’s modulus	Within the limits of elasticity, the ratio of the linear stress to the linear strain is termed the modulus of elasticity or Young’s Modulus and may be written Young’s Modulus, or E =(Stress/Strain) It is this property that determines how much a bar will sag under its own weight or under a loading when used as a beam within its limit of proportionality
scf	VIEWS parameter: Scandium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-20-2; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
plasma membrane	The surface around the cell made up of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, etc.
fabs	VIEWS parameter: Filter Absorption Coefficient; Description: Filter Absorption Coefficient (Non-corrected); AQS Code: 63102; Type Code: OPT
cirque glacier	Small glacier that just occupies a cirque.
ecoregion	a geographic area over which the macroclimate is sufficiently uniform to permit development of similar ecosystems on sites with similar geophysical properties.
eukaryote	A Cell with a nucleus.
phytoplankton	Small photosynthetic organisms, mostly algae and bacteria, found inhabiting aquatic ecosystems
ionosphere	A region in the atmosphere above 50 kilometers from the surface where relatively large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist
aromatics	A type of hydrocarbon that contains a ring structure, such as benzene and toluene
co	Chemical symbol for Cobalt.
seed	Fertilized ovule of a plant that contains an embryo and food products for germination
megabase	Unit of length for DNA fragments, equal to 1 million nucleotides and roughly equal to 1 cM.
nbs	National Bureau of Standards See Trade Names for address
renewable energy	energy resources such as windpower or solar energy that can keep producing indefinitely without being depleted.
channelization	natural or intentional straightening and/or deepening of streams so water moves faster and causes less flooding. Channelization can sometimes exacerbate flooding in other downstream areas.
strip	Long lengths of narrow rolled material, usually sold coiled
absorption	the process by which incident light is removed from the atmosphere and retained by a particle.
laminar flow	A flow in which rapid fluctuations are absent.
minority carrier lifetime	The average time a minority carrier exists before recombination.
sun tempering	A sun-tempered building is elongated in the east-west direction, with the majority of the windows on the south side
gamete	A haploid reproductive cell.
atheromatous plaque	a yellowish raised area on the lining of an artery formed by fatty deposits indicative of atherosclerosis
windward	Upwind side or side directly influenced to the direction that the wind blows from
neutrons	Uncharged building blocks of an atom that play a part in radio-activity
one-hit model	The basic dose-response model based on the concept that a tumor can be induced by a single receptor that has been exposed to a single quantum or effective dose unit of a chemical.
crystalline solid	A crystalline solid has a specific organization of molecules and atoms
holding pond	A pond or reservoir, usually made of earth, built to store polluted runoff.
aod converter	Argon-oxygen decarburising converter – a special converter for refining stainless steels
segregation	The interposing of a fire and explosion-resistant barrier between the combustible particulate solid process and other operations.
energy contribution potential	Recombination occurring in the emitter region of a photovoltaic cell.
sb	Chemical symbol for Antimony.
trophic level	Level of organization in the grazing food chain.
isotope	Atom of the same element but with a different mass number
be_om_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate OM PM2.5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
hardenability	The property that determines the depth and distribution of hardness when steel is heated to a given temperature and then quenched (more precisely it may be defined as an inverse measure of the severity of cooling conditions necessary to produce on continuous cooling a martensitic structure in a previously austenitized steel i.e
physical weathering	breaking down of parent rock into bits and pieces by exposure to temperature and changes and the physical action of moving ice and water, growing roots, and human activities such as farming and construction
baffle	A device meant to obstruct the flow of gas, liquid, sound, or light
salts	minerals that cause salinity
hydraulic gradient	The slope of the water table or aquifer
wafer	A thin sheet of semiconductor material made by mechanically sawing it from a single-crystal or multi-crystal ingot or casting.
just noticeable change	A variation of just noticeable difference that relates directly to human visual perception
henry draper catalog	The Henry Draper catalog is a catalog of stars in which every star is classified by its stellar spectrum
gradients	Gradients allow the elimination of undesired artifacts on a per scan basis rather than by phase
micro	one millionth of a unit (e.g., microsievert is 10-6 Sv).
fluorescent dye	A dye which becomes fluorescent giving off light, when it is exposed to short wave radiation such as ultraviolet or near ultraviolet light.
insolation	Sunlight, direct or diffuse; from 'incident solar radiation.' Not to be confused with insulation.
soil creep	Slow mass movement of soil downslope
passivation	A chemical reaction that eliminates the detrimental effect of electrically reactive atoms on a photovoltaic cell's surface.
mudstone	Fine grained sedimentary rock composed of lithified silt and clay particles.
transverse strength	A measurement of strength when the load is
reverse circulation drilling	Drilling that produces rock chips rather than core
excess absolute risk	The rate of disease incidence or mortality in an exposed population minus the corresponding disease rate in an unexposed population
prediction	Forecast or extrapolation of the future state of a system from current or past states.
oxidising	An oxidising atmosphere in a furnace drives out carbon
double option	An option – sometimes known as a straddle – which gives the buyer or taker of the option the right either to buy from or sell to the seller (or grantor) of the option at the basis price.
barrier beach	A long and narrow beach of sand and/or gravel that runs parallel to the coastline and is not submerged by the tide.
mineral color	All minerals have colors that are unique to their chemical properties
galvanneal	A form of hot-dip galvanizing carried out continuously whereby the coil to be coated is passed in the usual way through a bath of molten zinc, subjected to control of the coating thickness after it emerges (evened out and controlled by passing) and then drawn through an annealing oven
vapor pressure	Pressure exerted by water vapor molecules in a given quantity of atmosphere.
isostacy	The buoyant condition of the Earth's crust floating in the asthenosphere
zinc	Zinc, a bluish-gray metal, is best known for its ability to control corrosion in iron and steel
ton	Used in imperial statistics
nucleic acid	A large molecule composed of nucleotide subunits.
prescribed burn	A wildland fire whose progress has been controlled by a combination of strategies, including
horsehead nebula	The Horsehead Nebula is a huge cloud of dust in space that is shaped like a horse's head
contact retainer	A device either on the contact or in the insert to retain the contact.
categories of exposure	The International Commission on Radiological Protection distinguishes between three categories of radiation exposure: occupational, public, and medical exposures of patients.
pcm1_mass	VIEWS parameter: PCM1 Mass; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
white dwarfs	and other sub-classes such is Brown Dwarfs and Red Dwarfs
steady-state	(Phys.) The condition of a body or system in which the conditions at each point do not change with time, that is, after initial transients or fluctuations have disappeared
ambient air	outdoor air
aromatic compound	A substance containing one or more benzene rings
lap	A surface defect, appearing as a seam, caused by folding over hot metal, fins or sharp corners and then rolling or forging them into the surface, but not welding them.
cell barrier	A very thin region of static electric charge along the interface of the positive and negative layers in a photovoltaic cell
interplanetary magnetic fie	The magnetic field carried along with the solar wind.
inclusion	Nonmetallic particles, usually compounds in a metal matrix
vapour	The gaseous phase of substances such as water.
naturally bonded molding sand	A sand containing sufficient bonding material as mined to be suitable for molding purposes
resonant frequency	The frequency at which a body vibrates freely after being set in motion by some outside force.
bank-full capacity	the rate of water flow that completely fills a channel; the flow rate at which the water surface is level with the flood plain.
wetland	land (marshes or swamps) saturated with water constantly or recurrently; conducive to wide biodiversity.
gos	Russian standard specifications.
neutron	Elementary nuclear particle with a mass (1.00893 mass units) approximately the same as that of a hydrogen atom
weathering	Physical, chemical or biological breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller sized particles.
regeneration	Putting the desired counter-ion back on the ion exchanger, by displacing an ion of higher affinity with one of lower affinity.
single failure	A random failure which results in the loss of capability of a component to perform its intended safety functions
erosion/erosional	The group of physical and chemical processes by which earth or rock material is loosened or dissolved and removed from any part of the Earth's surface
chemical weathering	Dissolving of rock by exposure to rainwater, surface water, oxygen, and other gases in the atmosphere, and compounds secreted by organisms.
hedge fund	An organisation trading in volatile markets which will go either long or short according to its view of the market
min_temp	VIEWS parameter: Minimum temperature; Description: Minimum temperature during sampling; Type Code: TMP; Units: DEGREES, CENTIGRADE
hygroscopic	Substances that have the ability to absorb water and therefore accelerate the condensation process.
sponge iron	Another name for direct reduced iron (DRI) because of the aerated structure it forms as it crystallises.
stagnation episodes	See stagnation periods.
controlled area	A defined area in which specific protection measures and safety provisions are, or could be, required for controlling normal exposures or preventing the spread of contamination during normal working conditions, and preventing or limiting the extent of potential exposures
limonite	A major type of iron ore
liquid	a state of matter, neither gas nor solid, that flows and takes the shape of its container.
bipv	A term for the design and integration of Photovoltaic into the building envelope, typically replacing conventional building materials
transmission line	A line used for bulk transfer of electricity between a generating plant or receiving point and major substations or delivery points.
gleization	A soil formation process that occurs in poorly drained environments
organ-weighting factor	Factor indicating the ratio of stochastic-effects risk attributable to a given organ's or tissue's irradiation to the total risk when the whole body is uniformly irradiated.
rollover	Extending a futures position at maturity by re-opening the same position for a later date
catalyst	Substance that facilitates or accelerates a chemical reaction without being used up in the process.
pyrolysis	A process of heating material in the absence, or almost complete absence, of oxygen, so that it is not oxidised, but volatile components or elements are driven off
flume	a natural or artificially made channel that diverts water.
diameter	The Diameter is a type of measurement used for circles (or other round objects)
bar	An accumulation of sand, gravel, or rock in the river channel or along the banks.
limiting range of	The greatest range of stress that a metal can
sum60	the sum of all hourly ozone concentrations at or above 60 ppb
roasting	Controlled heating of sulphide concentrates to convert them to the oxide by driving off and capturing the sulphur.
lentic system	a nonflowing or standing body of fresh water, such as a lake or pond
element	A chemical substance that cannot be divided into simple substances by chemical means; atomic species with same number of protons.
point bar	Stream bar deposit that is normally located on the inside of a channel bend.
gleysol soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
reverse osmosis	a water treatment method whereby water is forced through a semipermeable membrane which filters out impurities.
fire protection rating	The time, in minutes or hours, that materials and assemblies used as opening protection have withstood a fire exposure as established in accordance with test procedures of NFPA 252,
cloud condensation nuclei	Particles of liquids or solids upon which condensation of water vapor begins in the atmosphere.
88384	VIEWS parameter: EC2 CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC; AQS Code: 88384; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
bloom	A steel semi-manufactured product, usually of oblong cross-section, rolled down to form a heavy structural section or beam
mo	Chemical symbol for Molybdenum.
hydropower	Electric energy produced when the force of falling or moving water is used to spin a generator.
stage marker	A gauge placed along a river shoreline that is calibrated in feet orfractions thereof starting from an arbitrary zero point
discharger	any person who discharges waste that could affect the quality of state waters
unstable equilibrium	In an unstable equilibrium the system returns to a new equilibrium after disturbance.
acid ionization constant	Equilibrium constant for a Bronsted-Lowry acid given by the formula Ka = [H]*[A] / [HA]
chemical flooding	An enhanced recovery process in which water, with added chemicals, is injected into an oil reservoir to increase recovery.
chromium	Symbol:"Cr" Atomic Number:"24" Atomic Mass: 52.00amu
vod:	Vacuum oxygen decarburisation
upsetting	Working a piece of steel so that its length is shortened and its cross-sectional area is increased
commission house	A term referring to brokerage houses, usually American, which execute general commissionable business on behalf of clients in securities and futures.
element	A chemical substance that cannot be divided into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of a given element have the same number of protons.
ss	stainless steel
88355	VIEWS parameter: OC CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC TOT; AQS Code: 88355; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
natural conditions ii	Alternate method for calculating natural conditions
anode	An electrical terminal holding a positive charge.
downdraft	Downward movement of air in the atmosphere.
soil horizon	Layer within a soil profile that differs physically, biologically or chemically from layers above and/or below it.
bank-caving	Collapse of stream bank material into a stream channel.
capacity utilisation	The percentage ratio of plant capacity actually used to that available
carb	California Air Resources Board; formed to attain and maintain healthy air quality, conduct research into the causes of and solutions to air pollution, and systematically attack the serious problem caused by motor vehicles
recharge	refers to water entering an underground aquifer through faults, fractures, or direct absorption.
coliform index	A rating of the purity of water based on a count of coliform bacteria.
dissolved solids	inorganic material contained in water or wastes
usgs	United States Geological Survey
cryotic	Something that is frozen.
multiple lengths	Where long products such as rod, tube or angle are ordered at exact lengths, the mill may have the option to supply longer lengths that are exact multiples of the specified length.
formation water	Salt water underlying gas and oil in the formation.
ion	A charged molecular group or atom.
unstable air mass	An air mass that is vertically well mixed
acidic	the condition of water or soil that contains a sufficient amount of acid substances to lower the pH below 7.0.
monetary asset	An asset which will be settled in a fixed or easily determinable amount of money.
grip	The extreme upper end of a single-bladed paddle, shaped for holding with the palm over the top.
person-gray	The unit of population exposure obtained by summing dose equivalent values for all people in the exposed population
alternative fibers	fibers produced from non-wood sources for use in paper making.
injury	any physical or biological response to pollutants, such as a change in metabolism, reduced photosynthesis, leaf necrosis, premature leaf drop, or chlorosis.
flow duration curve	a measure of the range and variability of a stream's flow
neutral refractories	A loose term designating refractories which presumably will not react with so-call acid or basic refractories and slags.
air pollution	Degradation of air quality resulting from unwanted chemicals or other materials occurring in the air.
induced genomic instability	The induction of an altered cellular state characterized by a persistent increase over many generations in the spontaneous rate of mutation or other genome-related changes.
visual image processing	The digitizing, calibration, modeling, and display of the effects of atmospheric optical parameters on a scene
sial layer	The part of the crust that forms the continents and is composed of relatively light, granitic rocks.
hemisphere	A hemisphere is half of a sphere.
glacial polish	The abrasion of bedrock surfaces by materials carried on the bottom of a glacier
enrichment	Physical process of increasing the proportion of U-235 to U-238.
open pit	Mining technique for large disseminated deposits near the surface.
napmi	National Association of Purchasing Managers Index
pl	Project Leader
columnar structure	A coarse structure of parallel columns of grains, having the long axis perpendicular to the surface.
continuous permafrost	Form of permafrost that exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer.
lnth	The linear no-threshold model stating that any amount of radiation dose, no matter how small, results in increased radiation risk
internal friction	Ability of a metal to transform vibratory energy into heat; generally refers to low stress levels of vibration; damping has a broader connotation since it may refer to stresses approaching or exceeding yield strength.
reptile	Group of terrestrial vertebrate animals that includes turtles, tortoises, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators.
anthropogenic fire sources	Combustion emissions from agricultural burning by farmers and ranchers and restoration burning activities of wildland managers
thermal circulation	Atmospheric circulation caused by the heating and cooling of air.
tcmf	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Total Mass (Fine); Description: OMCf + ECf; Type Code: PM2.5
gaseous diffusion plant	A facility where uranium hexafluoride gas is processed to increase its percentage of uranium-235 from about 0.7 percent to 3-4 percent.
core hole	Any hole drilled for the purpose of obtaining cores.
technical assistance	Technical assistance may take forms such as instruction, skills training, working knowledge, consulting services, and may also involve the transfer of technical data.
thermal metamorphism	Is the metamorphic alteration of rock because of intense heat released from processes related to plate tectonics.
controlled area	A defined area in which the occupational exposure of personnel to radiation or to radioactive material is under the supervision of the individual in charge.
audit	An investigation of the ability of a system of procedures and activities to produce data of a specified quality.
glide path	The Regional Haze Rule mathematical curve between baseline (2000-04) conditions and natural (2064) conditions
dendrite	A slender threadlike spike of pure crystalline material, such as silicon.
beryllium copper	A relatively expensive contact material with properties superior to brass and phosphor bronze
photosynthetic autotroph	An organism that produces food molecules inorganically by using light and the chemical process of photosynthesis
enzyme	A naturally occuring protein that fascilitates a specific biochemical reaction; a biological catayst.
finite element	a method of solving the governing equations of a numerical model by dividing the spatial domain into elements in each of which the solution of the governing equations is approximated by a continuous function.
canopy	the overhanging cover formed by branches and foliage.
monoblock	A type of construction of plasma-facing components in which blocks of plasma-facing material are threaded onto coolant pipes through a central hole
partial pressure	That pressure of a gas in a liquid, which is in equilibrium with the solution
hfs	high field side
polar front	Weather front located typically in the mid-latitudes that separates arctic and polar air masses from tropical air masses
eutectic	A mixture of two or more constituents which solidify simultaneously out of the liquid at a minimum freezing point.
continental drift	Theory that suggests that the Earth's crust is composed of several continental plates that have the ability to move
net debt	Borrowings (excluding the Turbine Square Two (Proprietary) Limited lease and adjusted for the unamortised portion on the convertible bonds) less cash.
high float life jacket	A lifejacket with 22 or more pounds floatation
tool steel	see high speed steel.
longitude	Longitude is a west-east measurement of position on the Earth
coupon	A piece of metal from which a test specimen is to be prepared
law of the minimum	This biological law suggests that organisms are normally limited by only one single physical factor that is in shortest supply relative to demand.
qualitative water assessment	Analyses of water used to discribe the visible or aestetic charcteristics of water.
oxygen	Oxygen is one of the chief constituents of the atmosphere of which it forms approximately one fifth
fuel assembly	Structure that often has 240 fuel rods containing uranium dioxide pellets
potable	suitable, safe, or prepared for drinking
faceted	Cut with many facets or planes.
concentration	Concentration is the amount of one substance in a system relative to the amount of other substances
reserves	amount of a particular resource in known locations that can be extracted at a profit with present technology and prices.
chlorine	a highly reactive halogen element, used most often in the form of a pungent gas to disinfect drinking water.
fresh water inflow requirements	freshwater flows required to maintain the natural salinity, nutrient, and sediment delivery in a bay or estuary that supports their unique biological communities and ensures a healthy ecosystem.
nitrate	Form of nitrogen commonly found in the soil and used by plants for building amino acids, DNA and proteins
residue	the dry solids remaining after the evaporation of a sample of water or sludge.
congressional record	a document published by the government printing office recording all debates, votes and discussions taking place in the Congress; available for free inspection at all government document repositories, as well as in some major libraries.
nitriding	A case hardening process that depends on the
oxygen depletion	The reduction of the dissolved oxygen level in a water body.
neutralism	Interspecific interaction where the species do not directly influence each other fitness.
blast furnace	A traditional iron-making furnace in the form of a tall column; a mixture of iron ore (which consists predominantly of oxides of iron), coke and small quantities of other materials is added continuously from the top of the column
health physics	The science concerned with the recognition, evaluation, and control of health hazards to permit the safe use and application of ionizing radiation.
grinding	Size reduction of ore into fine particles to prepare it for processing; comminution.
plastic deformation	Deformation that remains after removal of the load or force that caused the deformation, or change of shape
swarf	The particles of metal arising from machining or grinding operations, much of it finds its way to the steel maker for remelting.
valley wall	The side slope of a stream or glacial valley.
kilowatt	1000 watts.
viruses	The smallest life forms known, that are not cellular in nature
trough	An elongated area of low pressure in the atmosphere.
air light	Light scattered by air (molecules or particles) toward an observer, reducing the contrast of observed images.
gray	The international unit of absorbed radiation dose, one joule per kilogram of tissue.
impurities	Elements or compounds whose presence in a material is undesired.
hydrograph	A graph describing stream discharge over time.
piezometer	a nonpumping well, generally of small diameter, for measuring the elevation of a water table.
protozoa	Large microrganisms, which consume bacteria.
derived air concentration	The concentration of radioactive material in air that will result in an annual limit of intake if an individual breathes that air for a year
realized niche	Describes the part of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies.
nobake binder	A synthetic liquid resin sand binder that hardens completely at room temperature, generally not requiring baking, used in Cold-Setting process.
inea	International Nuclear Energy Academy.
urbanization	Expansion of cities into rural regions because of population growth
purchaser	The person abroad who has entered into a transaction to purchase an item for delivery to the ultimate consignee
soft-magnetic steels	Pure iron and near-pure forms of iron are magnetic and relatively soft (as are ferritic phase steels if they are left untreated)
terminus	End or snout of a glacier.
bottled water	purchased water sold in bottles.
unconformity	A break in the sequence of sedimentary strata
rhumb line	A line of constant compass direction or bearing which crosses the meridians at the same angle
automatic gauge control	Modern rolling mills for flat products use equipment and software to measure the uniformity of thickness, edge consistency, flatness and surface finish of their product during the rolling process
advanced water treatment	The level of water treatment that requires an 85-percent reduction in pollutant concentration, also known as tertiary treatment.
futures exchange	A formal exchange on which certain futures are traded.
in-fill drilling	any method of drilling intervals between existing holes, used to provide greater geological detail and to help establish reserve estimates.
at arm's length	A transaction between two unrelated parties
permeable	Pertaining to a rock or soil having a texture that permits passage of liquids or gases under the pressure ordinarily found in earth materials.
spring	an issue of water from the earth; a natural fountain; a source of a body or reservoir of water.
adjusted gross margin%	Adjusted gross profit (loss) as a percentage of gold income including realised non-hedge derivatives.
hard water	Water that contains a great number of positive ions
premium	A generally used term for the extra payment made for a specialised product, or for an especially pure form of a product or a product from a highly regarded supplier, or for delivery at particular preferred locations
scree	An accumulation of weathered rock fragments at the base of a steep rock slope or cliff.
composite volcano	Volcano created from alternate layers of flows and exploded rock
alkenes	These compounds are similar to alkanes, in that they can be straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbons
eddy viscosity	a model parameter that reproduces the effects of turbulent mixing in fluid flow.
digester	A closed tank for wastewater treatment, in which bacterial action is induced to break down organic matter.
aventurine	Translucent green quartz whose inclusions produce a shimmering effect called aventurescence
positive valence	This term describes the trait of elements that tend to give up electrons in electrovalent compounds
universe	All of the observable phenomena in the celestial cosmos.
mcm	Metal composite material
spinning	The formation of sheet metal blanks into hollow circular
leaching	The separation, selective removal, or dissolving-out of soluble constituents from a rock or orebody by the natural action of percolating water, or the extraction of soluble metals or salts from an ore by means of slowly percolating solutions.
flat bottom hole	A type of reflector commonly used in reference standards
basic steel	Steel produced in a furnace in which the hearth consists of a basic refractory such as dolomite or magnesite, as opposed to steel melted in a furnace with an acid lining
brackish water	Water that is neither falls in the category of salt water, nor in the category of fresh water
constriction	Squeezing in the lines of force; i.e., a narrowing of section in a magnetized material.
thole pin	An upright steel pin on a rowing frame that serves as a fulcrum, or pivot point, for the oar
micron	A unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter; the unit of measure for wavelength.
modulation transfer function	Mathematical function which describes contrast transmittance in spatial-frequency space
marine mammal	a mammal that lives in the ocean, such as a whale.
cupola	A smaller melting furnace, typically used by a foundry to melt iron or scrap.
vacuum evaporation	Method of depositing thin coatings of a substance by heating it in a vacuum system.
total light extinction	The sum of scattering (including Rayleigh scattering) and absorption coefficients
induction	Inference of a generalized conclusion from particular instances
artesian well	a water well drilled into a confined aquifer where enough hydraulic pressure exists for water rise in the well to a height above the top of the aquifer in the subsurface
dom	Short for drawn over mandrel
tolerance model of succession	This model of succession suggests that the change in plant species dominance over time is caused by competition for resources
hormesis	The theory that small doses of radiation can induce beneficial biological processes and are healthful.
creep	The form of plastic deformation that takes place in
biological contaminants	Living organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that can cause harmful health effects to humans.
heterogenic aquifer	an aquifer that has a variety of forms or characteristics, such as differering permeabilities
holistic	Concerned with a complete system.
zone refining	A process for refining metals, usually semi-conductor metals, to a high state of purity (above four nines)
ampere	The unit of electric current
hydrocarbon	Organic compound composed primarily of hydrogen and carbon atoms
v_nitrate	VIEWS parameter: Volatile Nitrate (Fine); Description: 12033-49-7; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
pump	a device which moves, compresses, or alters the pressure of a fluid, such as water or air, being conveyed through a natural or artificial channel.
turbidimeter	a device that measures the cloudiness of suspended solids in a liquid; a measure of the quantity of suspended solids.
orographic precipitation	Is precipitation that forms when air is forced to rise because of the physical presence of elevated land
convertor	Generic term for companies converting steel alloying ores into intermediates such as ferro-alloys, molybdenum oxide or ammonium paratungstate (APT).
ore slurry	The fine carbonaceous discharge from a mine washery
periglacial	Landforms created by processes associated with intense freeze-thaw action in an area high latitude areas or near an alpine or continental glacier.
cold fusion	Combining (fusing), at essentially room temperature, the nuclei of two light atoms into a heavier nucleus
effective tax rate	Current and deferred taxation as a percentage of profit before taxation.
cartridge filter	Disposable filter device that has a filter range of 0.1 micron to 100 microns.
detachment	The locating of a combustible particulate solid process in the open air or in a separate building.
naturalized conditions	an estimate of natural conditions obtained by attempting to remove effects of human activities from a set of measured conditions.
on-site sewage treatment	any individual residential sewage treatment and wastewater dispersal system, such as a septic system.
public transportation	various forms of shared-ride services, including buses, vans, trolleys, and subways, which are intended for conveying the public.
solar day	Time required for the Earth to complete one rotation relative to the Sun.
productivity	An expression of labour productivity based on the ratio of grams of gold produced per month to the total number of employees in mining operations.
water quality-based toxics control	an integrated strategy used in NPDES permitting to assess and control the discharge of toxic pollutants to surface waters
cnc machines	Computer numerically controlled machine, which uses a computer to do interpolation cycles of more than one axis; this is required for advanced, high precision machining.
westerlies	Dominant winds of the mid-latitudes
lung function	a measure of how well someone can breathe
pbs	plant breakdown structure
concentration	The amount of material dissolved in a unit of solution, expressed in mg/L.
g-rig	Three pontoons lashed together side by side
riparian water right	the legal right held by an owner of land contiguous to or bordering on a natural stream or lake, to take water from the source for use on the contiguous land.
el ni隳	Name given to the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Ecuador and Peru
vacuum pumps	Pumps which remove gas, usually air, from a chamber, leaving it under vacuum
percentage composition	This composition measurement reflects the percentage of total mass for a specific element
gamma multi-hit model	A generalization of the one-hit, dose-response model that provides a better description of dose-response data.
ohm	The derived SI unit for electrical resistance or impedance; one ohm equals one volt per ampere.
ppt	Parts per trillion (1 in 10^12).
flask	A steel container to hold 34.5 kg of mercury, the standard unit
geotechnical	diamond drilling targeted and utilized specifically for the collection of information used for mine stability purposes.
heat of vaporization	the amount of heat necessary to convert a liquid (water) into vapor.
rcfm	VIEWS parameter: Mass, PM2.5 Reconstructed (Fine); Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
carat	The measure of purity of gold
sexual reproduction	Any process of reproduction that does involve the fusion of gametes.
subduction zone	Linear area where tectonic subduction takes place.
wire rod	Produced by hot rolling billet
water-soluble substance	a substance that can readily disperse through the environment.
spalling	The cracking and flaking of particles out of a surface.
human geography	Field of knowledge that studies human-made features and phenomena on the Earth from a spatial perspective
ultimate analysis	In chemistry, this is a quantitative analysis in which
ion	An atom which has become charged as a result of gaining or losing one or more orbiting electrons
pressure vessel	Extremely strong steel container that surrounds the core of a nuclear reactor.
reef	A ridge of rocks found in the tidal zone along a coastline
percent saturation	The amount of a substance that is dissolved in a solution compared to the amount that could be dissolved in it.
adit	A horizontal passage from the surface into a mine
primary consumer	Organisms that occupy the second trophic level in the grazing food chain
dose equivalent	The product of absorbed dose in tissue multiplied by a quality factor, and then sometimes multiplied by other necessary modifying factors, to account for the potential for a biological effect resulting from the absorbed dose
debar	Abbreviation of "deformed bar"
fuel	A fuel is a substance containing usable chemical energy
fire loading	The amount of combustibles present in a given area, expressed in Btu/ft2 (kJ/m2).
quantum	The term quantum is used to describe the amount of energy in one photon of light.
unconfined groundwater	Groundwater that is not restricted by impervious layers of rock.
upper air westerlies	Consistent winds that exist in the upper troposphere that flow east to west from about 20° of latitude to the poles.
dilute solution	A solution (liquid mixture) that has a small amount of solute dissolved
degradation	Readjustment of the stream profile where the stream channel is lowered by the erosion of the stream bed
end-user	A company in whose hands the identity of the fabricated metal is finally lost in a more complex product, e.g
seven-man raft	A boat 6 1/2 by 12 feet that will accommodate three or four people
raise	A vertical hole between mine levels used to move ore or waste rock or to provide ventilation.
carbon	Carbon is an essential element in steel, it is added in specific amounts to control the hardness and strength of the material
specific humidity	Measurement of atmospheric humidity
kirchoff's law	This law suggests that good emitters of radiation are also good absorbers of radiation at specific electromagnetic radiation wavelength bands
hardening	wear resistance
nuclear power	see nuclear energy.
recarbonization	process in which carbon dioxide is bubbled into water being treated to lower the pH.
bank	the sloping land bordering a stream channel that forms the usual boundaries of a channel
blackwater	wastewater from toilet, latrine, and agua privy flushing and sinks used for food preparation or disposal of chemical or chemical-biological ingredients.
charcoal iron	When moisture and volatile compounds in wood are driven off under pyrolysis (heating in the absence of oxygen) – the charcoal that is left is almost wholly carbon
diffraction mottling	A diffuse diffraction pattern on a radiograph that sometimes results when thin sections of crystalline material are radiographed.
vaporize	Conversion of a liquid into vapour.
talus	An accumulation of angular rock debris from rockfalls.
diamond syndicate	One of the names by which De Beers, with its inter-related companies, is known
threatened species	species of flora or fauna likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future.
diorite	A coarse grained igneous rock of intrusive origin that is darker and chemically more mafic than granite.
dependent variable	Variable in a statistical test whose observation's values are thought to be controlled through cause and effect by another independent variable modeled in the test.
flood	an overflow or inundation that comes from a river or other body of water and causes or threatens damage
belay	To wrap a line around a rock or tree so as to slow or stop Slippage
minis	Contracts on the LME and other futures markets with a smaller than standard lot size
dielectric constant	That property of a dielectric that determines the electrostatic energy stored per unit volume for a unit potential gradient
small fraction	Pertains to the revised IMPROVE algorithm
p-i-n	A semiconductor device structure that layers an intrinsic semiconductor between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor; this structure is most often used with amorphous silicon devices.
evaporation	the change by which any substance is converted from a liquid state and carried of in vapor
foucault currents method	In France the eddy current method is known as the "Foucault Currents" method.
wet deposition	The transport of gases and minute liquid and solid particles from the atmosphere to the ground surface with the aid of precipitation or fog
vanadium	Steels containing vanadium have a much finer grain
accessible	(As applied to wiring methods) Capable of being removed or exposed without damaging the building structure or finish, or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building.
grey iron	Also known as flake iron on account of all or part of
periodic table	Early alchemists understood that certain elements could be grouped together due to the properties that they had
hydrophilic	Having an affinity for water.
environment	All the natural and living things around us
quarry water	the moisture content of freshly quarried stone, esp
south pole	Surface location defined by the intersection of the polar axis with Earth's surface in the Southern Hemisphere
rock flour	Very finely ground rock fragments that form between the base of a glacier and the underlying bedrock surface.
gram-mole	This is a specific measure of mass
incomplete fusion	Welding fusion which is less than compete
air tabling	A process for sorting scrap from waste
facilitation model of succession	This model of succession suggests that the change in plant species dominance over time is caused by modifications in the abiotic environment that are imposed by the developing community
mass number	Total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
reject	An instrument function or control used for minimizing or eliminating low amplitude signals (electrical or material noise) so that other signals may be further amplified
earthquake focus	Point of stress release in an earthquake.
metallurgical plant	A processing plant erected to treat ore and extract gold.
discontinuous permafrost	Form of permafrost that contains numerous scattered pockets of unfrozen ground.
interstices	the void or empty portion of rock or soil occupied by air or water.
barchan dune	Crescent shaped sand dune that has its long axis transverse to the wind and its crescent tips pointed downwind.
alloying elements	Chemical elements added for improving the properties of the finished products
gulf stream	Warm ocean current that originates in and around the Caribbean and flows across the North Atlantic to northwest Europe.
improvised nuclear device	A weapon that uses a simple, untested design to attempt to create a nuclear explosion.
compact fluorescents	florescent light bulbs small enough to fit into standard light sockets, which are much more energy-efficient than standard incandescent bulbs.
quality assurance	An overall plan undertaken to quantify, control, and perhaps improve the quality of data acquired by a system.
proton	An elementary nuclear particle located in the nucleus of an atom
contrast	The measure of difference in the film or detector density (darkness) from one area to another, resulting from various X-ray intensities interacting with the detector.
third law of thermodynamics	This law states if all the thermal motion of molecules (kinetic energy) could be removed, a state called absolute zero would result and all energy would be randomly distributed.
white goods	The category of domestic appliances (refrigerators, ovens, washing machines, dishwashers etc.) that forms an important sub-sector of the market for steel flat products.
ohmmeter	an instrument for measuring resistance in ohms.
appropriation	the setting aside of funds for a designated purpose (e.g., there is an appropriation of $7 billion to build 5 new submarines).
chandrasekhar limit	but less than two times the Solar mass
secon law of thermodynamics	A system, if left on its own, will change from a more ordered to a less ordered state.
vertical aerial photograph	Photograph taken from a overhead or near overhead angle from a platform in the atmosphere.
particle sampler	An instrument to measure particulate matter in ambient air.
electric line truck	A truck used to transport personnel, tools, and material for electric supply line work.
fossil fuel	a fuel, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, produced by the decomposition of ancient (fossilized) plants and animals; compare to alternative energy.
eolian landform	Is a landform formed from the erosion or deposition of weathered surface materials by wind
nsr	New Source Review
venturi	A channel that serves the measurement of water flows.
camera	Device for recording visual range on film.
business day	Any day except holy or weekend days, a public/bank holiday or, on the LME, a day designated not to be by the LME directors
std2local_cf	VIEWS parameter: STP to Loc conversion factor; Description: Numeric factor for converting from Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) to Local Temperature and Pressure
automatic circuit re-closer	A self-controlled device for interrupting and re-closing an alternating current circuit with a predetermined sequence of opening and re-closing followed by resetting, hold-closed, or lockout operation.
saturation	The condition of a liquid when it has taken into solution the maximum possible quantity of a given substance.
airs	Aerometric Information Retrieval System (of USEPA)
imperial mexican jade	Imperial Mexican jade is not jade at all; it is calcite that has been dyed green.
hair	Fast, extremely turbulent water covered with white, aerated foam.
class i area	As defined by the Clean Air Act, include national parks greater than 6,000 acres, wilderness areas and national memorial parks greater than 5,000 acres, and international parks that existed as of August 1977.
electro-winning	A process of recovering gold from solution by means of electrolytic chemical reaction into a form that can be smelted easily into gold bars.
tunneling	Quantum mechanical concept whereby an electron is found on the opposite side of an insulating barrier without having passed through or around the barrier.
icrp	The International Commission on Radiological Protection: An independent group of experts from a wide range of scientific disciplines which has published recommendations for protection against ionizing radiation for more than half a century.
oxy-acetylene welding	A process for joining two pieces of metal in which the required high temperature is obtained by the combustion of acetylene gas and oxygen
thin slab technology	Technique for the continuous casting of slab much thinner than the traditional products of an integrated slabbing mill – 50-70 mm (2-2.75 inch) instead of up to 250 mm (approximately 10 inch)
bench	Horizontal steps/increments mined as an open pit progresses deeper.
barricade	A physical obstruction such as tapes, cones, or A-frame type wood or metal structures intended to provide a warning about and to limit access to a hazardous area.
hearings	Meetings where all points of view are presented.
vacuum arc remelting	A process used for producing advanced steels to the most demanding and critical specifications, particularly in such areas as aerospace applications
contrast	Relative difference in light coming from a target compared to the surrounding background, usually the horizon sky
standard visual range	Reciprocal of the extinction coefficient
nc ii	Natural conditions II
contained gold	The total gold content (tons multiplied by grade) of the material being described.
plasma physics	study of the properties of plasma
impaired water body	a water body that has been determined under state and federal law as not meeting water quality standards, or having the potential to do so in the future.
porous	something which allows water to pass through it
dichotomous	Any particle sampler that separately collects coarse and fine particles sampler from one atmosphere
settlement price	On the LME, the last unfulfilled offer to sell cash at the close of the second morning ring in each metal – i.e
reflection	Process of returning sound or light waves back to their source.
smelting	A metallurgical operation in which metal is separated from impurities by a process that includes fusion.
orebody	A sufficiently large amount of ore that can be mined economically
participating call	A strategy for using futures and options with many of the characteristics of a synthetic call.
carboxyl group	An organic compound containing the -COOH group (see below), Where a carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl group
hard metal facing	A method of increasing the wear resistance of a metal by the deposition of a hard protective coating
septic tank	underground receptacle for wastewater from a home
adhesive	Any compound that can stick two surfaces together is classified as an adhesive
crude oil equivalent	A measure of energy content in which a quantity of a given fuel or energy form is converted into the quantity of crude oil with equivalent energy content.
nozzle brick	A thick-walled tubular refractory shape set in bottom of a ladle through which steel is teemed.
soil erosion	Transport of soil mineral particles and organic matter by wind, flowing water, or both
charge-exchange	A process in which there is a transfer of charge between two bodies during a collision between them (e.g
heat flux	The total flow of heat in heat exchange
cbod	Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand. A BOD test in which a nitrification inhibitor is added, so that only the carbonaceous oxygen demanding compounds are measured.
carbonate	Compound consisting of a single atom of carbon and three atoms of oxygen
concentrating	arrays must track the sun and use only the direct sunlight because the diffuse portion cannot be focused onto the Photovoltaic cells.
persistence	Refers to the length of time a compound stays in the environment, once introduced.
white annealing	A heat treatment process carried out on pickled steel with the objective of eliminating the hydrogen that has entered the steel during the pickling operation and thus removing any tendency to hydrogen embrittlement.
energy conversion	Process of changing one form of energy into another.
gaia hypothesis	The Gaia hypothesis states that the temperature and composition of the Earth's surface are actively controlled by life on the planet
drainage network	System of interconnected stream channels found in a drainage basin.
gallon	A unit that is now almost entirely out of date
investment	A flowable mixture of a graded refractory filler, a binder and a liquid vehicle which when poured around the patterns conforms to their shape and subsequently set hard to form the investment mold.
ia	Inclusive Workplace
hydrogen	An undesirable impurity if present in steel and a cause of fine hairline cracks especially in alloy steels
emi	Electromagnetic interference.
ingot	Form of cast refined metal used for convenience of shipment and handling.
eb	electron beam, a means of welding or cutting materials.
x-ray crystallography	X-ray photographs of metals are a means of providing information which in many cases cannot be obtained by microscopic methods
freeboard	the vertical distance between the lowest point along the top of a surface impoundment dike, berm, levee, treatment works or other similar feature and the surface of the liquid contained therein.
na	VIEWS parameter: Sodium Ion; Description: Sodium Ion; CAS Number: 7440-23-5; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
threshold hypothesis	The assumption that no radiation injury occurs below a specified dose.
aerosol	a mixture of microscopic solid or liquid particles in a gaseous medium
b/l	Abbreviation of Bill of Lading.
reach	Acronym for Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals
population crash	Sudden decline in the number of individuals found in a population because of a scarcity of environmental resources that are required for survival, growth, and reproduction.
clf	VIEWS parameter: Chlorine (Fine); CAS Number: 7782-50-5; AQS Code: 88115; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
sludge	In discussions of environmental controls, the mud-like residue that results from the cleaning process of scrubbers or certain other devices, designed to prevent solid particulates from entering the environment
magnetic	The attraction between some metals and some compounds of metals due to a particular orientation of their molecules; hence metals capable of attaining magnetic properties or of being attracted to a magnet
force	Process that changes the state of rest or motion of a body.
angle of refraction	The angle between the direction of propagation of an electromagnetic or acoustic wave (or ray) refracted by an optically homogeneous body and the local normal to that body.
alpha particle	A positively-charged particle from the nucleus of an atom, emitted during radioactive decay
grain boundaries	The boundaries where crystallites in a polycrystalline material meet.
continuous method	A magnetic particle inspection method in which the indicating particles are on the part while the magnetizing current is being applied.
standard solution	This is a solution for which the scientist knows the concentration of solute and solvent.
shear zone	A shear zone or shear is a wide zone of distributed shearing in rock
alloy steel	A steel to which one or more alloying elements other
landfill	disposal area where garbage is piled up and eventually covered with dirt and topsoil.
bohr structure	Bohr atomic structure is considered the classic structure of an atom
threesome raft	Three rafts lashed together side by side
wavelength	The distance beween neighbouring peaks of a wave of electromagnetic radiation.
magnesium	Symbol:"Mg" Atomic Number:"12" Atomic Mass: 24.31amu
edge sharpness	Characteristic of landscape features
food web	A model describing the organisms found in a food chain
catalyst	An element or compound which facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed or altered
closed entry contact	A female contact designed to prevent the entry of a pin or probing device having a cross-sectional dimension (diameter) greater than the mating pin.
decomposer	A type of detritivore
voltmeter	The instrument used to measure voltage.
stable equilibrium	In a stable equilibrium the system displays tendencies to return to the same equilibrium after disturbance.
semi-diurnal tide	Tides that have two high and two low waters per tidal period.
ed	End Date: A valid date to be used as the "end date" in a date range specification (e.g
meridian	A circular arc that meets at the poles and connects all places of the same longitude.
radioactive	Property of undergoing spontaneous nuclear transformation in which nuclear particles or electromagnetic energy are emitted.
maximum contaminant level	The maximum level of a contaminant allowed in water by federal law
acid rain	the acidic rainfall which results when rain combines with sulfur oxides emissions from combustion of fossil fuels.
rayleigh scattering	the scattering of light by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light, e.g., molecular scattering in the natural atmosphere.
mesohabitat	basic structural elements of a river or stream such as pools, backwaters, runs, glides, and riffles.
organ	Group of cells and tissues that have a particular function for an organism.
tornado	A vortex of rapidly moving air associated with some severe thunderstorms
photon	A bundle of electromagnetic energy that exhibits both wave-like and particle-like characteristics.
shim	Steel or brass strip rolled to a precise thickness, usually below 0.5 mm.
adsorption	Separation of liquids, gases, colloids or suspended matter from a medium by adherence to the surface or pores of a solid.
algorithm	A strategy for short-term trading on volatile markets, notably futures and options, which can be automatically executed by computer
stress relieving	A heat treatment including heating and soaking at a suitable temperature (e.g
magnetic field	The space influence by magnetic force
igneous rock	A rock type that has been created from super-heated magma
scattering cross section	The amount of light scattered by a particle divided by its physical cross section.
perennial plant	Plant species that lives for more than two years.
concentrate	A very fine, powder-like product containing the valuable ore mineral from which most of the waste mineral has been eliminated.
88375	VIEWS parameter: OC2 CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC; AQS Code: 88375; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
service drop	Run of cables from the power company's aerial power lines to the point of connection to a customer's premises.
sand filters	devices that remove suspended solids from a wastewater treatment plant effluent or water treatment plant product.
hazardous air pollutants	Airborne chemicals that cause serious health and environmental effects.
stud bridging	Miscellaneous furring profiles or strips intended on providing mechanical attachments between design members, often designed and fabricated on site.
set up safety	Position toss bag throwers and/or rescue boats at key points along and/or below a rapid to provide rescue support for boats coming through.
spectrum	Is a graph that describes the quantity of radiation that is emitted from a body at particular wavelengths.
kaldo process	A method of producing steel from molten iron, using an inclined rotating converter and a water cooled oxygen lance inserted through the converter mouth
quality assurance	QA, all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide assurance when a facility, structure, system or component will perform satisfactorily and safely in service
pc	VIEWS parameter: Phosphorus (Coarse); CAS Number: 7723-14-0; AQS Code: 83152; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
effluent limitation	restrictions established by a a regulating agency such as a State or the EPA in an NPDES permit on quantities, rates, and concentrations in wastewater discharges.
absorption	A class of processes by which one material is taken up by another.
monolithic	Fabricated as a single structure.
tailrace	The channel that is downstream of the draft tube that carries the water discharged from a turbine
vinegar	A solution which is made by the action of bacteria on wine or cider
soil solution	Aqueous liquid found within a soil
ramp up	In commissioning a new mine or plant, operations begin slowly and cautiously and are then ramped up to, or above, design capacity.
dimensions	In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a space or object is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify each point within it.
interest cover	EBITDA divided by finance costs.
dissolved oxygen	The amount of oxygen dissolved in water at a certain time, expressed in ppm mg/L.
acceptor	A dopant material, such as boron, which has fewer outer shell electrons than required in an otherwise balanced crystal structure, providing a hole, which can accept a free electron.
angstrom	A unit of length equal to 100 pm or 10-10 m.
continuous casting	A process of casting a product, such as a rolling slab or extrusion billet, through an open-ended die in which it is rapidly frozen
absorption coefficient	The factor by which photons are absorbed as they travel a unit distance through a material.
foreset bed	Deltaic deposit of alluvial sediment that is angled 5 to 25° from horizontal
frm_other_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH FRM Equivalent OTHER PM2.5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
fair value	(i) A loose term referring to the level at which the commentator believes the market should be trading
ambient dose equivalent	The dose equivalent at a point in a radiation field that would be produced by the corresponding expanded and aligned field in the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) sphere at a depth of 10 mm on the radius vector opposing the direction of the aligned field
unrestricted area	Any area, entry into which is not controlled.
pipe	(1) then central cavity formed by contraction in metal, especially ingots, during solidification; (2) the defect in wrought or cast products resulting from such a cavity; (3) an extrusion defect due to the oxidized surface of the billet flowing toward the center of the rod at the back end; (4) a tubular metal product, cast or wrought.
cerium	Symbol:"Ce" Atomic Number:"58" Atomic Mass: 140.12amu
humidification	The addition of water vapour to air.
electric supply	Conductors used to transmit electric energy and their necessary supporting or containing structures
greenhouse gases	Gases responsible for the greenhouse effect
node	A point in a standing wave where a given characteristic of the wave field has zero amplitude.
sand wedge	A form of ice wedge that contains accumulations of wind blown sand in long vertical layers
residual field	The field left in a piece of ferromagnetic material when the magnetizing force is reduced to zero.
ph	Chemical symbol for Lead.
bulb	A simple type of filling mechanism that uses a small rubber sac at the end of a large reservoir, and fills by squeezing the sac.
industrial smog	Form of air pollution that develops in urban areas
residues	Secondary metal-containing materials that require smelting to recover the metal, as distinct from scrap which may only require melting and blending.
channel	A raftable route through a section of river.
aldehyde	Any organic compound that contains a carbonyl (C=O) attached to a H. -CHO
meteorology	The scientific study of the atmosphere and its associated phenomena.
homosphere	The lower layer in a two part classification of the atmosphere based on the general homogeneity of chemical composition
alveoli	The region of the lung where gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)Takes place
strike fault	A fault whose strike is parallel to the strike of the strata.
thermal cycles	Repetitive changes in temperature, that is, from a low temperature to a high temperature, and back again.
nipdwr	National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
dynamic equilibrium	A dynamic equilibrium occurs when a system displays unrepeated average states through time.
coastal dune	Sand dune that forms in coastal areas
grounding conductor	A conductor used to connect metal equipment enclosures and/or the system grounded conductor to a grounding electrode, such as the ground wire run to the water pipe at a service; also may be a bare or insulated conductor used to ground motor frames, panel boxes, and other metal equipment enclosures used throughout electrical systems
salinity	Concentration of dissolved salts found in a sample of water
vacuum zero	The energy of an electron at rest in empty space; used as a reference level in energy band diagrams.
radiation detriment	A concept used to quantify the harmful health effects of radiation exposure in different parts of the body
hydrolysis	The decomposition of organic compounds by interaction with water.
dna damage signaling	Interacting biochemical processes that recognize and respond to DNA damage in cells; for example, by causing the arrest of the reproductive cell cycle.
duplex stainless steel	A fast-growing class of stainless steels
rhenium	Symbol:"Re" Atomic Number:"75" Atomic Mass: 186.21amu
wellhead protection area	a protected surface and subsurface zone surrounding a well or well field supplying a public water system to keep contaminants from reaching the well water.
cold drawing	The process of reducing the cross sectional area of
aluminium-killed steel	Aluminium is one of the additions used to 'kill', that is to remove oxygen from liquid steel after the initial steelmaking process – an important consideration for certain grades of steel
distributed power	Generic term for any power supply located near the point where the power is used
pedogenic regime	The particular soil forming process that operates in a certain climate
macronutrient	Nutritional element required by an organism in relatively large quantities.
88385	VIEWS parameter: EC3 CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC; AQS Code: 88385; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
german silver	See nickel silver.
reduction	Reduction is the gain of electrons
freeboard	The distance from the water line to the top of the buoyancy tube.
thunder	Sound created when lightning causes the rapid expansion of atmospheric gases along its strike path.
frm_mmo_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH FRM Equivalent MMO PM2.5; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
ledge	The exposed edge of a rock stratum that acts as a low natural dam or as a series of such dams.
anticline	an inverted "U" shaped fold or structure in stratified rocks with the oldest rocks in the centre
phenols	organic compounds that are byproducts of petroleum refining; tanning; and textile, dye, and resin manufacturing
seeability	The characteristic of an indication that enables an observer to see it against the adverse conditions of background, outside light, etc.
semis	(i) Non-ferrous; usual trade term for semi-fabricated products (sheet, wire, tube etc.)
outgassing	The release of gas from cooling molten rock or the interior of the Earth
cmdid	Command ID: The identifier for the SQL command to use.
fossil fuel	Natural, burnable, carbon based substance resulting from millions of years of biological decay of ancient plant and animal matter
algal bloom	a phenomenon whereby excessive nutrients within a river, stream or lake cause an explosion of plant life which results in the depletion of the oxygen in the water needed by fish and other aquatic life
scarification	Extensive movements of soil, sediment, and rock material caused by humans.
spot bolting	The use of one or just a few roof bolts at spot locations.
hydrologic model	a computer model of a watershed used to evaluate how precipitation contributes to flow in streams
consolidated formation	naturally occurring geologic formations that have been lithified (turned to stone)
storet	a national U.S
phenol	An organic substance in which a hydroxyl group is attached directly to a benzene ring
inclusion	An inclusion is a particle of foreign matter contained within a mineral
detection limit	the lowest level that can be determined by a specific analytical procedure or test method.
bayhead beach	An extensive deposit of sand and/or gravel in the form of a beach at the back of a bay.
nondestructive testing	Testing to detect defects in materials using techniques that do not damage or destroy the items being tested.
ultimate consignee	The principal party in interest located abroad who receives the exported or reexported items
compressive strength	In compression testing, the ratio of maximum load to the original cross-sectional area
reactive oxygen species	Chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen
terneplate	Steel sheet coated with a lead-tin alloy
psat	PM Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) is a modeling tool which performs source apportionment based on user-defined source groups
drill bit	Drill bits are cutting tools used to create cylindrical holes.
river listening	Listening to someone without judgment or criticism and attending so closely that you can repeat back in your own words what is said
core	The center fuel region of a nuclear reactor.
pot metal	Pot metal is a term used to cover many, many different mixtures, which do not have gold, silver, or platinum as a major component.
buffer	A substance that reacts with hydrogen or hydroxyl ions in a solution, in order to prevent a change in pH.
biosphere reserve	a part of an international network of preserved areas designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
long	A producer or fabricator is in a long physical position when they have more than enough metal (or have placed firm orders for material) to meet commitments to complete work and deliver products to customers in the future
frost creep	Slow mass movement of soil downslope that is initiated by freeze-thaw action
bright drawn steel	Long products such as bar are sometimes drawn after rolling to achieve greater dimensional accuracy and a bright finish.
vitamins	The name vitamins is obtained from "vital amines" as it was originally thought that these substances were all amines
most impaired days	Data representing a subset of the annual measurements that correspond to the
false origin	Location of the starting coordinates picked to the south and west of the true origin of a rectangular coordinate system
bird	Group of warm blooded vertebrate animals whose body is covered with feathers.
valmax	Value Maximum: A valid decimal value to be used as the maximum value in a data range specification
ract	Reasonably Available Control Technology
niosh	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the Public Health Service, U.S
net position	(i) An operator's position after offsetting all his long positions in a metal against all his short ones
steelworks	A plant melting iron and/or scrap to make steel
drawing	The process of pulling metal wire, rods, or bars through a die with the effect of altering the size, finish and mechanical properties
strip mining	mining technique in which the land and vegetation covering the mineral being sought are stripped away by huge machines, usually damaging the land severely and limiting subsequent uses.
reverse circulation drilling	drilling that produces rock chips rather than core
psychrometer	Instrument used to measure atmospheric humidity
precipitate	Solidification of a previously dissolved substance from a solution.
radioactive	Giving off energy in the form of particles and rays by the disintegration of atomic nuclei.
monomer	A monomer is a starting material or single unit from which a polymer is built
moderator	A material used in a nuclear reactor core to slow down fast neutrons without unduly absorbing them, in order to increase the probability that the neutrons will cause fission in a uranium-235 or plutonium-239 nucleus.
krusing	Spurring a paddle crew on with vigorously repeated commands mixed in with fun energizing phrases as in "Forward! Forward!! Gotta get there! Gotta get there!!" and "Backpaddle!! Backpaddle!! Need ya now!! Need ya NOW!!" This captaining style is so named because it was honed to a legendary art by Whitewater Voyages guide, Barry Kruse (pronounced just like "cruise").
crushing and grinding	The process by which ore is broken into small pieces to prepare it for further processing.
lightning	Visible discharge of electricity created by thunderstorms.
breccia	A course-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix
commission	The fee paid by a client to a broker for executing a futures transaction.
spring melt/thaw	the process whereby warm temperatures melt winter snow and ice
eg	Electrolytic galvanized steel
standing wave	A wave in which the energy flux is zero at all points
sensible heat flux	Process where excess heat energy is transferred into the atmosphere
safeguards	Technical and inspection measures for verifying that nuclear materials are not being diverted from civil to other uses
moisture content	the amount of water lost from soil upon drying to a constant weight, expressed as the weight per unit of dry soil or as the volume of water per unit bulk volume of the soil.
pitch	A section of a rapid steeper than the Surrounding portions; a drop.
vermeil	Vermeil is gold-plated silver
half life	The time required for the activity of a given radioactive substance to decrease to half of its initial value due to radioactive decay
annealing	A process of heat treatment of steel after it has been rolled
gamma ray	See "Gamma radiation."
journey pendant	The journey message symbolizes a couples growing love over time
nucleon	Common name for a constituent particle of the atomic nucleus
staebler-wronski effect	The tendency of amorphous silicon photovoltaic devices to lose efficiency upon initial exposure to light; named for Dr
obo	Ore/bulk/oil – the largest type of cargo vessel
glacial drift	A generic term applied to all glacial and glaciofluvial deposits.
applied stress	The stress applied to a part or assembly as a result of external forces or loads.
ice shelf	Large flat layer of ice that extends from the edge of the Antarctic ice cap into the Antarctic Ocean
solar noon	Point of time during the day when the Sun is aligned with True North and True South.
v0	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid value; Source: NARSTO
gradient wind	Horizontal wind in the upper atmosphere that moves parallel to curved isobars
crude steel	The first solid steel product upon solidification of liquid steel
redox	Shortened term for reduction/ oxidation reactions
extrusive igneous rock	Igneous rock that forms on the surface of the Earth
soil water	The water found occupying the pore spaces between soil particles.
electrolyte	A liquid that can conduct electricity; electrolytes are used for electroplating or deposition by electrolysis.
light absorption	The amount of light a certain amount of water can absorb over time.
radiation fog	A type of fog that is also called ground fog
thermoplastic	Substances, especially synthetic resins, that become plastic on heating and harden upon cooling, and are able to repeat these processes.
infrared radiation	Electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is longer than that of visible light, and is responsible for the transmission of radiant heat.
nitriding	A case hardening process that depends on the absorption of nitrogen into the steel
cnc	Computer numerical control; i.e
routing parameters	coefficients that, along with mathematical routing equations, can be used to estimate the attenuation and lag (time delay) associated with the movement of flow through a length of stream channel.
isotope	Atoms having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
pyroclastic material	Pieces of volcanic rock thrown out in a volcanic explosion.
hubble time	Hubble Time is an estimate of the age of the universe; it is the inverse of the Hubble constant.
table	in the legislative sense, an action taken to halt debate on a bill.
laurasia	Northern section of Pangaea.
precipitation process	The altering of dissolved compounds to insoluble or badly soluble compounds, in order to be able to remove the compounds by means of filtration.
peridotite	Coarse grained ultramafic igneous rock composed mainly of olivine and pyroxene
emissions	release of pollutants into the air from a source.
nivation hollow	Ground depression found in periglacial areas that is created by nivation.
ttt curve	An abbreviation of Time Temperature Transformation Curve.
regulate	Change or adjust to agree with a standard or rule.
instream cover	overhanging or instream structure, such as tree roots, undercut streambanks, boulders, or aquatic vegetation that offer protection for aquatic organisms.
test coil	Coil coupled to test material
edge wave	A wave of water that moves parallel to the shore
gh2	Gaseous hydrogen.
parallel connection	A way of joining two or more electricity-producing devices (i.e., Photovoltaic cells or modules) by connecting positive leads together and negative leads together; such a configuration increases the current.
biosphere	Portion of the earth's surface and atmosphere that supports life.
basic	Substance having a pH greater than 7.
just noticeable difference	Measure of change in image appearance that affects image sharpness
lipid	Is an organic compound composed of carbon atoms that have two hydrogen atoms attached
aquatic	Growing in water, living in water, or frequenting water.
watertight	So constructed that water/moisture will not enter the enclosure under specified test conditions.
safe water	Water that does not contain harmful bacteria, toxic materials, or chemicals, and is considered safe for drinking.
welded tube	(i)Small-diameter tube roll-formed from strip and longitudinally welded
joule	A unit of energy
drop forging	An operation in which a metal shape is formed by forcing hot metal into impressions formed in solid blocks of hardened alloy steel, the forging dies
basic oxygen furnace	Equipment (with a basic, that is, non-acid lining) developed from the principles of the historical Bessemer converter for turning run-of-furnace iron into steel with a controlled content of carbon
rose cut	An early style of cutting that is thought to have originated in India and to have been brought to Europe by the Venetians
ultrasound	High-frequency sound waves used to detect product defects.
raise	A shaft between two levels in a mine which has been dug from the bottom up.
molecule	The smallest particle of an element or compound which exists independently.
mill	A processing facility where ore is finely ground and thereafter undergoes physical or chemical treatment to extract the valuable metals.
autonomous system	A stand-alone Photovoltaic system that has no back-up generating source
crystal	Physically uniform solids composed of atoms bonded together in a definite geometrical pattern or structure.
wellfield	area containing one or more wells that produce usable amounts of water or oil.
humidity	A general term used to describe the amount of water vapor found in the atmosphere.
strike length	The longest horizontal dimension of an orebody or zone of mineralization.
anomalous	value of a given element that is deemed to be above the background or normal value
fabricator	A company which transforms refined metal (and sometimes scrap as well) into semi-fabricated products (e.g
nodal points	In angle beam testing, the location of reflections at opposite surfaces as a wave progresses along a test object.
member	An entity that is approved by the relevant regulator to operate on an exchange, particularly on behalf of others as a broker
stationary source	a fixed source of regulated air pollutants (e.g
extinction budget	Apportioning the extinction coefficient to atmospheric constituents to analysis estimate the change in visibility caused by a change in constituent concentrations.
abrasion mode	A size range of particles, typically larger than about 3 micrometers in diameter, primarily generated by abrasion of solids.
cuc	VIEWS parameter: Copper (Coarse); CAS Number: 7440-50-8; AQS Code: 83114; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
nearbys	The nearest delivery date of a commodity futures market.
iii-v materials	Elemental materials that occupy groups III and V of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
meteoric water	new water derived from the atmosphere.
irradiate	To expose to some form of radiation.
kerma	The sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged ionizing particles liberated by uncharged particles per unit of mass of a specific material
remote handling	Handling of tools or components by machines with the controls at a remote location.
impermeable	Not allowing fluid to pass through
stagnation periods	lengths of time during which little atmospheric mixing occurs over a geographical area, making the presence of layered hazes more likely
acid	A substance that when dissolved in water dissociates and can donate a hydrogen (proton) to another molecule
sulphide ore	A sub-group of refractory ore - mineralized rock in which much of the gold is encapsulated in sulphides and is not readily amenable to dissolution by cyanide solutions - associated with sulphide minerals (primarily pyrite) that have not been oxidized
ultrasonic vibrations	Vibrational waves of a frequency above the hearing range of the normal human ear are referred to as ultrasonic, and the term therefore includes all those waves of a frequency of more than approximately 20,000 cycles per second
purgeable organics	volatile organic chemicals which can be forced out of the water sample with relative ease through purging.
climograph	Two dimensional graph that plots a location's air temperature and precipitation on times scales that range from a 24 hour period to a year.
high-level waste	Highly radioactive material arising from nuclear fission
disinfection	The decontamination of fluids and surfaces
axial	Longitudinal or parallel to the axis or centerline of a part.
panamax	The largest size of vessel that can pass through the Panama Canal
held to maturity investment	A financial asset with a fixed maturity and fixed or determinable future payments, that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity
reverse fault	This vertical fault develops when compressional force causes the displacement of one block of rock over another.
aerated lagoon	A water treatment pond that speeds up biological decomposition of organic waste by stimulating the growth and activity of bacteria, which are responsible for the degradation.
decommissioning	Removal of a facility (eg reactor) from service, also the subsequent actions of safe storage, dismantling and making the site available for unrestricted use.
detention time	the time required for a volume of water to pass through a tank at a given rate of flow; in storage reservoirs, the length of time water will be held before being used.
put option	An option granting the purchaser the right to sell.
nuee ardente	A glowing cloud of dense hot volcanic gas and ash that moves downslope at high speeds, incinerating the landscape.
nagasaki	A coastal city on the southern most tip of Japan
counterparty risk	The risk on each side of a transaction that the counterparty should fail to perform on its contractual obligations.
interconnect	A conductor within a module or other means of connection which provides an electrical interconnection between the solar cells
radiation	The emission of energy from an object in the form of electromagnetic waves and photons.
snow melt	Conversion of snow into runoff and groundwater flow with the onset of warmer temperatures.
furrow irrigation	irrigation method in which water travels through the field by means of small channels between each group of rows.
fip	Federal Implementation Plan
mode	Statistical measure of central tendency in a set of data
conversion	When you are altering a pen in some way to provide an alternate filling method
rutherfordium	Symbol:"Rf" Atomic Number:"104" Atomic Mass: (261)amu One of the postactinide elements
classification	Process of grouping things into categories.
rainproof	So constructed, projected, or treated as to prevent rain from interfering with the successful operation of the apparatus under specified test conditions.
watt-hour	See 'Kilowatt-hour.'
h	H is an asteroid's absolute magnitude, the visual magnitude the asteroid would have if it were located 1 AU from Earth.
horizontal linearity	A measure of the proportionality between the positions of the indications appearing on the horizontal trace and the positions of their sources.
injection	The introduction of a chemical or medium into the process water to alter its chemistry or filter specific compounds.
magnetic separation	(i) Where ores contain magnetically attractive metals, concentration may be effected dry with magnets and conveyor belts
combined gas law	There came a time when scientists combined the ideas in Boyle's Law and Charles' Law
diversity	See Species Diversity.
greenhouse effect	The heating of the earth's atmosphere due to the presence of certain gases (e.g
prokaryote	Organisms whose cells have their genetic material in the form of loose strands of DNA found in the cytoplasm
rrf	See Relative Response Factor.
matter	Is the material (atoms and molecules) that constructs things on the Earth and in the Universe.
battery	A device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
tds	Total Dissolved Solids
transport	One of three distinct processes involved in erosion
iosda	Iron ore and steel derivatives association
common-cause failure	The failure of a number of devices or components to perform their functions as a result of a single specific event or cause.
fixed energy	A process, like photosynthesis, where organisms repackage inorganic energy into organic energy.
ph value	A method of expressing differences in the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
actinoid	An element in the periodic table from actinium (atomic number 89) to lawrencium (atomic number 103)
oxygen	Oxygen is one of the chief constituents of the
ethanoic acid	It is one of the simplest fatty acids
gem	A GemStone VM.
apportionment	the process through which legislative seats are allocated to different regions.
junk	Debris lost in a hole.
secondary energy source	Sources of energy produced by a primary energy source
kelp beds	significant aggregations of a large, fast growing marine algae throughout the water column.
brinell	The standard test for hardness of metal
manning's roughness	a coefficient in Manning's equation that accounts for energy loss due to the friction between the channel and the water
landsat	Series of satellites launched by NASA for the purpose of remotely monitoring resources on the Earth
poisson’s ratio	If a square bar is stressed in a testing machine in the direction of its length so that the length increases, there is a contraction in each opposite direction, which produces a decrease in the thickness of the bar
erosion	The removal of weathered sediment or rocks by the forces of wind, water, and ice.
warm front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where an advancing warm air mass displaces a cold air mass.
actinide	an element with atomic number of 89 (actinium) or above.
hydropneumatic	a water delivery system, usually small, that maintains water pressure in the distribution system by means of pressure in a compressed air tank.
atoms for peace	An initiative signed by President Eisenhower in 1954 to allow the peaceful uses of atomic energy to be available to other nations.
bed load	Portion of the stream load that is carried along the stream bed without being permanently suspend in the flowing water.
stripping ratio	The ratio of waste tonnes to ore tonnes mined calculated as total tonnes mined less ore tonnes mined divided by ore tonnes mined.
imperial jade	Imperial jade is another name for emerald jade
q-bop	Quick basic oxygen process
yield	The amount of valuable mineral or metal recovered from each unit mass of ore expressed as ounces per short ton or grams per metric tonne.
alkali metal	One of the metals appearing in the first column of the periodic table.
volatilization	The process where a solid or liquid substance is converted into a gas.
gunmetal	A strong alloy of 85% copper, 5% tin, 5% lead and 5% zinc, or near variant of this mix.
aliphatic	Referring to hydrocarbons containing no aromatic rings.
bench	In an underground mine, a long horizontal face or ledge of ore in a stope or working place.
longshore transport	The transport of sediment in water parallel to a shoreline.
interactivechartstrendline	The Theil regression line is calculated using a method for robust linear regression that chooses the median slope among all lines through pairs of two-dimensional sample points
physical geography	Field of knowledge that studies natural features and phenomena on the Earth from a spatial perspective
dirty bomb	A dirty bomb is a conventional explosive such as dynamite, filled with radioactive particles which scatter when the bomb goes off
cut & fill	A stoping method in which the ore is excavated by successive flat or inclined slices, working upward from the level
optical particle	An instrument which measures the size of individual particles by the counter amount of reflected light from a microscopic illuminated volume.
surface impoundment	an indented area in the land's surface, such a pit, pond, or lagoon.
control room	The area in a nuclear power plant where the plant operators work
southern oscillation	Reversal of atmospheric circulation in tropical Pacific Ocean that triggers the development of an El Ni隳.
extras	Additional charges for specified sizes, gauges, tolerances.
water surface elevation	the elevation of a water surface above or below an established reference level, such as sea level.
puddle	a small pool of water, usually a few inches in depth and from several inches to several feet in its greatest dimension.
tailings	The slurried waste from a concentrator
henry's law	Gases are able to be dissolved in solvent just like solids and liquids
slaking	See wetting and drying.
phosphorous	a plant nutrient that can cause an overabundance of bacteria and algae when high amounts are present, leading to a depletion of oxygen and fish kills
benchmark	Commonly used term for a standard measurement point
picking price	Normally a higher price is charged to a buyer wishing to take one or more selected stones from a parcel, this is known as a picking price.
continuous sampling device	An air analyzer that measures air quality components continuously
millefiori	Means "thousand flowers" in Italian
zinc ashes	Oxidised zinc removed from the surface of molten zinc, usually in a galvanizing bath
fuel cycle	All the steps required to supply, use, and process fuel for nuclear reactors
miniature angle beam block	A specific type of reference standard used primarily for the angle beam method, but also for straight beam and surface wave tests.
agidse	Aggregation ID: The list of unique AggregationIDs that have been selected.
grain oriented	In steel, sheet for electrical laminations for transformers is sold as grain oriented
sedimentation	Settling of solid particles in a liquid system due to gravity.
atactic	Having no regularly repeating structural units; said of a polymer.
algae	Single- or multi-celled organisms that are commonly found in surface water, such as duckweed
la niña	Condition opposite of an El Ni隳
dump sites	waste disposal grounds.
névé	Partially melted and compacted snow that has a density of at least 500 kilograms per cubic meter.
climate	generalized weather at a given place on earth over a fairly long period; a long term average of weather
microorganism	Extremely small organism that can only be seen using a microscope.
csf	VIEWS parameter: Cesium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-46-2; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
range control	A means of expanding the pattern obtained on the cathode ray tube so that any portion of the total distance being tested can be presented.
ladco	Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium
gamma radiation	high-energy, short wavelength electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus
spent fuel pool	A pool of water near the reactor where used fuel from a nuclear power plant is immersed for safe storage.
silicate magma	Magma that is felsic in composition.
geographic isolation	See spatial isolation.
periodic table	This famous table organizes all of the known chemical elements by their atomic number
attainment area	A geographic area in which levels of a criteria air pollutant meet the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standard for that specific pollutant.
percolation	the movement of water through the subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to the groundwater or water table reservoirs.
manipulator	In immersion testing, a device for angular orientation of the transducer.
crushing circuit	A technique of mechanically treating ore to break it into finer-sized fractions for better recovery using additional processing.
test	Vickers test, finds greater use in the laboratory
broker	A broker is a third party who arranges a transaction between a buyer and a seller, usually earning commission when the deal is completed
iecc	International Energy Conservation Code (e.g
nb	Chemical symbol for Niobium.
subcritical flow	flow characterized by low velocity and a Froude number less than 1
h-beam	A long product with a cross-section of the letter H.
photon	All matter absorbs and emits electromagnetic radiation in discrete small quantities called photons
matrix	Matrix refers to the rock or mineral that fossils, crystals and gemstones are found embedded in; also known as the "parent rock"
rie	Stands for Recognised Investment Exchange within the UK's Financial Services Act
rossby wave	See long wave.
media	Materials that form a barrier to the passage of certain suspended solids or dissolved liquids in filters.
well	a bored, drilled, or driven shaft or a dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension and whose purpose is to reach underground water supplies or oil or to store or bury fluids below ground.
coefficient of expansion	The ratio of change in length, area, or volume per degree to the corresponding value at a standard temperature.
anistropic aquifer	an aquifer in which permeability varies with direction of flow
mortality	Death; the death rate; ratio of number of deaths to a given population.
contract for difference	A contract stipulating the seller will pay to the buyer the difference between the current value of an asset and the contract value.
potline	A row of large cells for the electrolytic reduction of aluminium from alumina
extinction cross section	The amount of light scattered and absorbed by a particle divided by its physical cross section.
american style option	An option that can be exercised by the holder at any time after the option has been purchased.
broach	To turn a boat broadside to the current
g/t	unit of grade for precious metals: grams per tonne (= parts per million)
core sample	A cylinder sample generally 1-5" in diameter drilled out of an area to determine the geologic and chemical analysis of the overburden and coal
acceptance standard	A controlled specimen containing natural or artificial discontinuities that are well defined and similar to the maximum acceptable discontinuity, in size and extent, in the product
v1	VIEWS Status Flag: Valid value but comprised wholly or partially of below detection limit data; Source: NARSTO
diamond drilling	A variety of rotary drilling in which diamond bits are used as the rock-cutting tool
recovery rate	A term used in process metallurgy to indicate the proportion of valuable material physically recovered in the processing of ore
fugitive dust	Emissions associated with anthropogenic mechanical processes affecting the release of dust and organic carbon from disturbed or undisturbed lands
hamada	A very flat desert area of exposed bedrock.
flocculation	large scale treatment process involving gentle stirring whereby small particles in flocs are collected into larger particles so their weight causes them to settle to the bottom of the treatment tank.
unconfined aquifer	Aquifer that is not restricted by impervious layers of rock.
dry developer	A powder that is applied dry to the test component when performing a penetrant inspection.
well injection	the subsurface placement of fluids into a well.
humidity	Water in air, as a gas
carbon adsorption	a treatment system that removes contaminants from ground water or surface water by forcing it through tanks containing activated carbon treated to attract the contaminants.
bod	Biochemical Oxygen Demand
shadow	A region in a test object that cannot be reached by ultrasonic energy traveling in a given direction
sling psychrometer	Psychrometer that uses a rotating handle and a whirling motion to ventilate its wet-bulb thermometer.
stoping	The process of mining the orebody on the plane of the reef.
portegee	Rowing technique of moving a boat forward by pushing on the oars.
hybrid system	A Photovoltaic system that includes other sources of electricity generation, such as wind or diesel generators.
fixer	A chemical solution which dissolves unexposed silver halide crystals from developed film emulsions.
activated coal	This is the most commonly used adsorption medium, produced by heating carbonaceous substances or cellulose bases in the absence of air
cell	The basic unit of a photovoltaic system.
dirty cargo	A petroleum cargo, such as crude oil or heavy fuel oil, that leaves a significant quantity of residue in the holds of a tanker.
k	Chemical symbol for potassium.
permeable	Allowing fluid to pass through
glacial ice	A very dense form frozen water that is much harder than snow, névé, or firn.
ultrasonic inspection	A means of locating defects in steel
melting	The change of a solid into a liquid.
random lengths	Long products supplied in lengths as they come off the mill
cascade impactor	An instrument that samples particles by impacting on solid surfaces via jets of air
condensation point	The condensation point is when a gas reaches a temperature to become a liquid
sampling	Where a large tonnage of ore, metal or scrap requires assaying, perhaps at the port, representative samples must first be taken from the bulk
clean fuels	Low-pollution fuels that can replace ordinary gasoline, including gasohol, natural gas, and propane.
well	A deep hole with the purpose to reach underground water supplies.
benthic zone	The lower region of a body of water including the bottom.
deuterium	An isotope of hydrogen containing one proton and one neutron in the nucleus
background	The visual, radiographic or electronic response against which an indication from a discontinuity must be viewed.
off-exchange	A contract or trading activity which takes place outside any exchange, so is, by definition, OTC.
category c2	Kazakhstani reserve category, extrapolated from category C1, but with more complex geology or limited mine workings
mnc	VIEWS parameter: Manganese (Coarse); CAS Number: 7439-96-5; AQS Code: 83132; Type Code: COARSE; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
cyclotron	A cyclotron is a machine that accelerates charged elementary particles to very high-energy states
ultravioletb	a type of sunlight
flowing artesian well	a special case of an artesian well where a water well drilled into a confined aquifer has enough hydraulic pressure for the water to rise to a height above ground surface and to flow at the surface without pumping.
meander bend	a windings or sinuous section of a stream channel
res	Acronym for the Residential Experiment Stations.
extinction	Disappearance of a species from all or part of their geographic range
national atmospheric program	A national network of about 200 sites where wet deposition is collected weekly and sent to the Central Analytical Laboratory in Illinois for Deposition chemical analysis
range	A statistical measure of the dispersion of observation values in a data set
nbf	VIEWS parameter: Niobium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-03-1; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
edge-defined film-fed growth	A method for making sheets of polycrystalline silicon in which molten silicon is drawn upward by capillary action through a mold.
merchant	As an adjective, used to refer to products with the meaning of ordinary grade or form or quality suitable for trading.
integrated producer	A steel company which may or may not be an iron ore mine owner, but is a producer of both iron and steel from primary materials, usually to the point of a finished steel product such as beam, rail or coil /sheet.
probable ore	Material for which tonnage and grade are computed partly from specific measurements, samples or production data and partly from projection for a reasonable distance on geological evidence; and for which the sites available for inspection, measurement and sampling are too widely or otherwise inappropriately spaced to outline the material completely or to establish its grade throughout.
toughness	The ability of a metal to rapidly distribute within itself both the stress and strain caused by a suddenly applied load, or more simply expressed, the ability of a material to withstand shock loading
impact strength	The resistance to impact loads; usually expressed as the foot pounds of energy absorbed in breaking a standard specimen
day trader	A trader, usually an independent individual, who buys and sells a futures contract on the same day for a small profit
headlands	A strip of land that juts seaward from the coastline
deuterium	the two-nucleon isotope of hydrogen.
administrative order	a legal document signed by U.S
hyphae	Thread like structures found on a fungus.
distillation	water treatment method where water is boiled to steam and condensd in a separate reservoir
blast furnace gas	This off-gas (sometimes called "top gas") includes some carbon monoxide because of incomplete oxidation
standard normal deviation	Measure of value dispersion about a mean; positive square root of the average of squares of individual deviations from the mean.
forging	A process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing and is primarily a “hot” operation
solidification shrinkage	The decrease in volume of a metal during solidification.
collimating nozzle	A transducer assembly attachment designed to reduce the ultrasonic beam spread.
monitoring well	a well used to obtain water quality samples or measure groundwater levels.
landslide	Term used to describe the downslope movement of soil, rock, and other weathered materials because of gravity.
alpha particle	The positively charged particle from the nucleus of an atom emitted during radioactive decay
carbonaceous	Said of a rock or sediment that is rich in carbon; coaly.
effective half-life	The time required for the amount of a radionuclide deposited in a living organism to be diminished 50 percent as a result of the combined action of radioactive decay and biological elimination.
marker	An identifiable physical location on a chromosome (e.g., restriction enzyme cutting site, gene) whose inheritance can be monitored
megawatt	A unit of power, = 106 watts.
matte	A first fusion product suitable only for further refining.
reformer	A device which converts hydrocarbons (e.g
sclerophyllous vegetation	Term used to describe drought resistant vegetation common in Mediterranean climates
omcf_1.4	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Mass (Fine) (1.4OC); Description: 1.4 OC; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
heat sink lifetime	The time the underlying substrate (the heat sink) of a plasma-facing component can be reliably predicted to fulfil its functional purpose (and therefore not need replacement).
physical	Trade in the commodity itself, as distinct from trading it on a futures market.
sintering	(i) Converting soft, loose ores or concentrates to a clinker-like consistency by roasting
pcm1_no3	VIEWS parameter: PCM1 NO3; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
group velocity	The rate at which the envelope of an ultrasonic pulse (many frequencies) propagates through the medium.
cover	Purchase or sale of contracts to offset a trader's position.
jetty	a structure (as a pier or mole of wood or stone) extending into a sea, lake, or river to influence the current or tide or to protect a harbor.
marginal cost	The cost of one additional unit within a group of like units.
sun	Luminous star around which the Earth and other planets revolve around
canopy drip	Redirection of a proportion of the rain or snow falling on a plant to the edge of its canopy.
electric current	A flow of electrons; electricity.
psychrometric table	Table of values that allows for the determination of relative humidity and dew point from dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures recorded on a psychrometer.
proliferation	The spread of nuclear weapons around the world
head	the pressure of a fluid owing to its elevation, usually expressed in feet of head or in pounds per square inch, since a measure of fluid pressure is the height of a fluid column above a given or known point.
water table	level below the earth's surface at which the ground becomes saturated with water
californium	Symbol:"Cf" Atomic Number:"98" Atomic Mass: (251)amu
differential rotation	Rotation in which the rotation period of a body varies with latitude
hardwood bottomland	hardwood forested lowlands adjacent to some rivers, especially valuable for wildlife breeding, nesting, and habitat.
kame terrace	a terrace of stratified sand and and gravel deposited by streams between a glacier and an adjacent valley wall.
grade	The quantity of gold contained within a unit weight of gold-bearing material generally expressed in ounces per short ton of ore (oz/t), or grams per metric tonne (g/t).
heat treatment	Process for varying the mechanical properties (strength, hardness etc) of steel and some non-ferrous metals
solvent action	The dissolution of a fluid or solid by another material.
low level waste	Waste from nuclear processes containing very low amounts of radioactivity, requiring essentially no shielding or heat removal.
cloud chamber	A chamber used to see ionized particles through a supersaturated environment
sphene	A brilliant transparent gemstone which exhibits a range of colors from yellow to brown to green and even reddish
time decay	Expression covering the passage of time while a position or option is open.
glacier	A large long lasting accumulation of snow and ice that develops on land
secondary metal dealer	A firm which specialises in buying and selling scrap metal in bulk
explosion proof	Designed and constructed to withstand and internal explosion without creating an external explosion or fire.
dredging	removal of mud from the bottom of water bodies
secondary wave	See S-wave or shear wave.
clerk	An assistant to an LME Ring dealer
luminescence	Luminescence is emission of light by a substance not resulting from heat; it is thus a form of cold body radiation
fine particles	particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less
vmp	Voltage at maximum power
kilowatt-hour	Energy unit defined as 1,000 watts of electricity for one hour (equivalent to 3,413 Btu).
wettability	The relative degree to which a fluid will spread into solid surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids.
reversing mill	Equipment that forms material by reciprocating single pieces (that is, discrete pieces, not part of a continuous coil) between adjustable rolls rather than through a series of roll stands set in line calibrated to closer and closer gaps (as in a coil mill, which is also called a tandem millM)
pipe	The common name for a vertical, columnar mass of rock that cooled and solidified in the neck of a volcano
bladed habit	This is a crystal shape that resembles a knife blade because is has very thin layers
syncline	A fold in rock layers that forms a trough-like bend.
fission	Fission is the process whereby a heavy, unstable nucleus splits into two approximately equal fragments, releasing an enormous amount of energy
base power	Power generated by a utility unit that operates at a very high capacity factor.
gamma radiation	High energy, high speed, and short wavelength electromagnetic radiation emitted by the radioactive decay of an unstable atom
stay-in-business capital	Capital expenditure to maintain existing production assets
activity series	An ordered list of chemicals based on how easily they can be oxidized.
flora	plant population of a region.
radiation standards	Dose and dose rate limits, permissible concentrations, rules for handling, regulations for transportation, regulations for industrial control of radiation, and control of radioactive material established by legislative or regulatory means for the safe use and application of ionizing radiation.
system	A system is a set of interrelated components working together towards some kind of process.
tbd	to be determined
spring steel	A medium carbon steel with high yield strength obtained by alloying with silicon and manganese.
species diversity	Number of different species in a given region.
seeding	The initial capture of the Orgone force in our cell.
ripple	Stream bed deposit found streams
denitrification	Conversion of nitrates into gaseous nitrogen and nitrous oxide.
half-life	The time required for a radionuclide contained in a biological system, such as a human or an animal, to reduce its activity by one-half as a combined result of radioactive decay and biological elimination.
upslope fog	Fog produced by air flowing over topographic barriers
sif	VIEWS parameter: Silicon (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-21-3; AQS Code: 88165; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
avogadro's number	The number of units in a mole, defined by the number of carbon atoms in 12 g of carbon-12 and numerically equal to 6.0220 x 1023
segregated ice	A form of periglacial ground ice that consists of almost pure ice that often exists as an extensive horizontal layer
fem stress contours	Finite Element Model, stress contours are a graphical way to represent the value of the stress resulting from the analysis of a component by the Finite Element Model
k2o	VIEWS parameter: K2O; CAS Number: 12136-45-7; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
exploratory well	A well drilled in unproved or semi-proved territory for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of a commercial petroleum deposit.
ilafa	Former acronym for the Latin American steel industry association
orange peel effect	An effect that arises on the surface of steel sheets
covalence	Covalence is the ability of an element to bond with other elements by sharing electrons across a bond
distributional limit	Spatial boundary that defines the edge of a species geographical range.
speciation	The process by which new species originate through mutations, natural selection, and evolution.
cuff bracelet	A cuff bracelet is a stiff, relatively wide bracelet.
equilibrium	A diagram constructed from thermal and other
basement rock	Very old granite and metamorphic rocks found in continental crust
finite difference	a method of solving the governing equations of a numerical model by dividing the spatial domain into a mesh of nodes
band gap	In a semiconductor, the energy difference between the highest valence band and the lowest conduction band.
quantum	If the magnitude of a quantity is always an integral multiple of a definite unit, then that unit is called the quantum of the electromagnetic field and the meson is considered to be the quantum of the nuclear field.
znf	VIEWS parameter: Zinc (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-66-6; AQS Code: 88167; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
distilled water	Distilled water is pure water
critical temperature	The temperature at which some phase change occurs in a metal during heating or cooling, i.e
alkyl group	A functional group formally derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
isotope	The term isotope defines atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons; that is, they are atoms of the same element that have different masses
mutual fund	A company that brings together a group of investors and invests their money in assets
talus slope	A slope that is composed of talus.
revenue	Total revenue from operations, less sales and excise taxes, plus income from investments and any other pre-tax income.
shear stress	the frictional force per unit area exerted on a streambed by flowing water
hung up	Said of a raft that is caught on but not wrapped around a rock or other obstacle.
odap	Overseas Development Aid Program, Japan.
taconite	Type of iron ore principally from the US Midwest.
exothermic reaction	The majority of chemical reactions are accompanied by the evolution of heat - these is known as exothermic reactions
natural gas	Hydrocarbon based gas, mainly composed of methane, commonly found in the pores of sedimentary rocks of marine origin.
parallel	A line parallel to the equator and connecting all places of the same latitude.
closed table	A term used by some to designate a small table diameter
sun radiometer	A device for measuring the intensity of sunlight falling on the ground
dose-threshold hypothesis	A given dose above background, below which it is hypothesized that the risk of excess cancer and/or heritable disease is zero
potential evapotranspiration	Is a measure of the ability of the atmosphere to remove water from the surface through the processes of evaporation and transpiration assuming no limitation on water supply.
shredder	A powerful machine used in the scrap industry to batter large items of scrap such as cars and domestic equipment into fragments which are then sorted as between steel, non-ferrous and waste (also called fluff)
close out	See liquidate.
cation	An ion carrying a positive atomic charge.
hydrophilic	'likes water' (hydro = water; philic = like)
brf	VIEWS parameter: Bromine (Fine); CAS Number: 7726-95-6; AQS Code: 88109; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
angle of reflection	The angle between the direction of propagation of an electromagnetic or acoustic wave (or ray) reflected by a body and the local normal to that body.
cryogenics	The science of extreme cold
photochemical smog	Photochemical smog is a condition that develops when primary pollutants (oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds created from fossil fuel combustion) interact under the influence of sunlight to produce a mixture of hundreds of different and hazardous chemicals known as secondary pollutants
electrolyte	A liquid conductor of electricity.
convergent lifting	The vertical lifting of parcels of air through the convergence of opposing air masses in the atmosphere
shinc	The opposite of shex.
day order	An order placed with an LME broker which is valid throughout the rings and kerbs during the day on which it was placed
hadley rille	Hadley Rille is a long valley on the surface of the moon
corrosion fatigue	Fatigue that arises when alternating or repeated
dam	a structure of earth, rock, or concrete designed to form a basin and hold water back to make a pond, lake, or reservoir.
ultimate tensile strength	The highest load applied in breaking a tensile test piece divided by the original cross- sectional area of the test piece.
vented vault	A vault that has provision for air changes using exhaust flue stacks and low level air intakes operating on differentials of pressure and temperature providing for airflow which precludes a hazardous atmosphere from developing.
embrittlement	Reduction in the normal ductility of a metal due to a physical or chemical change.
hsla	High strength low alloy
license	Permission given by law.
feedback loop	Process where the output of a system causes positive or negative changes to some measured component of the system.
micronutrient	Nutritional element required by an organism in relatively very small quantities.
2018 preliminary reasonable progress	Refers to a WRAP emissions or modeling scenario based on the preliminary reasonable progress emissions inventories, generated in early 2007
montmorillonite	A type of clay that has a large capacity to shrink and expand with wetting and drying.
solar cell	See 'Photovoltaic cell.'
swarf	Small particles of production scrap arising from turning, milling and boring
x-ray	Electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths much shorter than visible light but usually longer than gamma rays.
chda	Chart Data Aggregation: Indicates the period (e.g
market	(i) The location of trading
water recycling	the treatment of wastewater making it suitable for reuse.
molybdenum	Its use as an alloying element in steel increases
falsification	Falsification is a procedure used in science to test the validity of a hypothesis or theory
epilimnion	warm, less dense top layer in a stratified lake
bank stability	occurs when the channel bank configuration does not change significantly over time.
helioseismology	A technique used to study the internal structure of the Sun by measuring and analyzing oscillations of the Sun’s surface layers.
seawater	The mixture of water and various dissolved salts found in the world's oceans and seas.
contamination	pollution.
central power	The generation of electricity in large power plants with distribution through a network of transmission lines (grid) for sale to a number of users
atomic number	A specific number that differs for each element, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each of its atoms.
assay	The chemical test of rock samples to determine the metal content.
electron pair	Two electrons within one orbital with opposite spins responsible for a chemical bond
resistance	(i) Chartist's term for when prices appear reluctant to move beyond a certain level
background radiation	The naturally-occurring ionizing radiation which every person is exposed to, arising from the earth's crust (including radon) and from cosmic radiation.
easting	First measurement of a grid reference used to specific the location of a point on a rectangular coordinate system
electric resistance furnace	Electric furnace for smelting ferroalloys where heating is achieved through resistance to the passage of the current from carbon electrodes through the charge, as well as from arcing
proof stress	The stress that will cause a specified small, permanent extension of a tensile test piece
hole	The vacancy where an electron would normally exist in a solid; behaves like a positively charged particle.
genetic effects of radiation	Effects arising from damage to genes in the germ cells of the mother or father, which are thus passed on to their children
oblique aerial photograph	Photograph taken from a non-perpendicular angle from a platform in the atmosphere.
einstein	based on the postulates that all the laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference, moving at a uniform velocity and that the speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving
detergent	synthetic washing agent that helps remove dirt and oil
onshore-offshore transport	The up and down movement of sediment roughly perpendicular to a shoreline because of wave action.
squall line	A band of thunderstorm development found ahead of a cold front.
radiological attack	The use of radioactive or nuclear materials for malicious purposes, such as blackmail, murder, sabotage, or terrorism.
flaw location scale	A specially graduated ruler that can be attached to an angle beam transducer to relate the position of an indication on the cathode ray tube screen to the actual location of a discontinuity within the test object.
right of capture	the idea that the water under a person's land belongs to that person and they are free to capture and use as much as they want
heliosphere	until the boundary of the Solar System at about 100 AU from the Sun
coupling	(1) The physical connect of an ultrasonic transducer to the test component
tolerances	The amount of variation permitted on dimensions or surfaces
laminar flow	Movement of water within a stream that occurs as uninterrupted parallel flows
mcquaid ehn grain size	A method of assessing grain size
cadmium copper	Copper with a small addition of cadmium for greater strength
pm	Particulate matter
graining	Indications of irregular crystal growth
consumptive use	the quantity of water not available for reuse
sheeted veins	A group of closely spaced, distinct parallel fractures filled with mineral matter and separated by layers of barren rock.
radiographs	A group of radiographs containing images of discontinuities
paleosol	A soil exhibiting features that are the result of some past conditions and processes.
insertion force	The effort, usually measured in ounces, required to engage mating components.
electron	will impart momentum to the electron and, since its energy has been decreased, will experience a corresponding decrease in frequency.
thermometer	Device used to measure temperature.
federal land manager	the Secretary of the Department with authority over such lands
soil porosity	The volume of water that can be held in a soil
peak hourly mean/average	the average peak hourly concentration of a pollutant
lamb wave	A type of ultrasonic wave propagation in which the wave is guided between two parallel surfaces of the test object
sweep delay	A delay in time of starting the sweep after the initial pulse
clearance	Authorization to perform specified work or permission to enter a restricted area.
short call	The position held by the seller of a call option
escarpment	the topographic expression of a fault.
southeast trade winds	See trade winds.
precession of the equinox	Wobble in the Earth's polar axis
gene	A section of DNA molecule that produces a functional RNA molecule
human health risk	The likelihood that a given exposure or series of exposures may have damaged or will damage the health of individuals.
lanthanum	Symbol:"La" Atomic Number:"57" Atomic Mass: 138.91amu
electrical energy	Form of energy produced by the flow of electrons, usually through a wire.
sum00	the sum of all hourly average concentrations above 0.00 ppb.
hanging wall	The overlying side of an orebody, fault, or mine working, esp
electrovalent bond	A chemical bond that occurs between two atoms when one or more electrons are passed from one atom to another
electron-volts ev	measure of energy based on accelerating an electron through one volt
russian gold finish	A Russian gold finish is a matte, antique-look finish
electric strength	The maximum potential gradient that a material can withstand without rupture
temperate deciduous forest	Forested biome found in the mid-latitudes and dominated by deciduous vegetation.
relative risk	is used on the website to compare age-specific death rates in two groups that differ in terms of exposure or other characteristics, e.g
hr	Hot rolled
evergreen vegetation	Vegetation that keeps a majority of their leaves or needles throughout the year
coated diamond or coating	Deceptive practice where a diamond is partially or wholly ‘painted’ with a colouring agent, either to hide unattractive colour, or to enhance desirable colour
solar wind	Mass of ionized gas emitted to space by the Sun
drilling head	Rotation of the drilling bit for penetration.
nuclear tests	government tests carried out to supply information required for the design and improvement of nuclear weapons, and to study the phenomena and effects associated with nuclear explosions.
ozone hole	Is a sharp seasonal decrease in stratospheric ozone concentration that occurs over Antarctica in the spring
forfeited water right	a water right canceled because of several consecutive years of nonuse.
calc-silicate rock	A metamorphic rock consisting mainly of calcium-bearing silicates such as diopside and wollastonite, and formed by metamorphism of impure limestone or dolomite.
adc	Apparent domestic consumption
limits	A term used to determine a minimum and
primary recovery	The standard oil well production technique, sometimes called flush production, using only the natural water or gas pressure in the reservoir to force the petroleum to the surface
alkali metals	Group I of the periodic table consists of the alkali metals
impervious	Said of a rock that does not permit the passage of fluids under the pressure conditions ordinarily found in the subsurface.
slickensides	a smooth striated polished surface produced on rock by movement along a fault.
organic soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
intrinsic value	The value of an in-the-money option after taking account of the premium cost.
boreal forest	High to mid-latitude biome dominated by coniferous forest
color contrast or difference	Contrast between two adjacent scene element colors
oem	Original Equipment Manufacturer
iodine	Symbol:"I" Atomic Number:"53" Atomic Mass: 126.90amu
heat-affected zone	That portion of the base metal which was not melted during brazing, cutting or welding, but whose microstructure and physical properties were altered by the heat.
bend test	Bending tests are carried out to ensure that a metal has sufficient ductility to stand bending without fracturing
physiographic province	an area with similar characteristics based on geology, soil type, and topography.
indent	Old term for an order to a shipper or agent to buy and ship a material
hyporheic zone	the zone under a river or stream comprising substrate whose interstices are filled with water.
deuterium	hydrogen isotope with one proton and one neutron in nucleus
primary standard	a pollution limit based on human health effects
alicyclic	Referring to aliphatic compounds containing rings of carbon atoms.
lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level	In an experiment, the lowest dose that produced an observable adverse effect.
magnetic fusion	The use of magnetic fields to confine a plasma that is undergoing fusion.
lava flow	Stream of lava flowing from a volcanic vent.
gamma rays	High energy electro-magnetic radiation from the atomic nucleus, virtually identical to X-rays.
regional metamorphism	Metamorphic rocks that have been formed in areas where heat and pressure combined to create the rock
littoral transport	The process of sediment moving along a coastline
carcinogens	substances that cause cancer, such as tar.
core	In the case of steel this refers to a component that has been case-hardened where the centre is softer than the hard surface layer or case
solifluction	Form of mass movement in environments that experience freeze-thaw action
modulation analysis	An instrumentation method, which separates desirable from undesirable frequency signals from the modulating envelope of the carrier frequency signal
ca	VIEWS parameter: Calcium Ion; Description: Calcium Ion; CAS Number: 7440-70-2; Type Code: AQU; Units: MILLIGRAMS/LITER
fertile	Capable of becoming fissile, by capturing neutrons, possibly followed by radioactive decay; e.g
valence	Valence is a measure of how much an atom wants to form compounds with other elements
lifetime exposure	Total calculated exposure to radiation or a chemical that a human would receive in a lifetime (usually assumed to be 70 years).
microtubules	made from tubulin, and make up centrioles,cilia,etc.
house boulder	A house-sized boulder.
littoral zone	The zone along a coastline that is between the high and low-water spring tide marks.
protoplasm	Substances making up a cell including its exterior membrane.
land use	the way in which land is used, especially in farming and city planning.
interception	Is the capture of precipitation by the plant canopy and its subsequent return to the atmosphere through evaporation or sublimation
black body	Is a body that emits electromagnetic radiation, at any temperature, at the maximum possible rate per unit surface area
lignite	Low grade coal
cobble	A "mis-roll&rdquo in a hot rolling mill; this can refer to a bar jamming in the guides or reaching the rolls off the true line, or becomes mis-aligned during rolling and, as a result being ejected off the normal receiving stands
coil-coating	The process by which paint is deposited by a series of rubber rollers into a thin film of coating onto a continuous sheet of metal or plastic
adjournment	the end of a legislative day or session.
oilsands	Deposits of sands and clay (excluding oil shale) heavily impregnated with semi-solid bitumen
smoke	Sparse Matrix Object Kernel Emission-EPA processor for preparation of emission data.
community water system	In Texas, a public water system which has a potential to serve at least 15 residential service connections on a year-round basis or serves at least 25 residents on a year-round basis.
bit	The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells.
high-power electrolyser	Electrolyser with high power (e.g., with power in the kW range).
dual-use	Items that have both commercial and military or proliferation applications
oil	a black, sticky substance used to produce fuel (petroleum) and materials (plastics).
retrogressive succession	Succession where the plant community becomes simplistic and contains fewer species and less biomass over time.
salvage logging	the logging of dead or diseased trees in order to improve overall forest health; used by timber companies as a rationalization to log otherwise protected areas.
a-scan display	A data presentation method in which signal amplitude is plotted along the y-axis versus time on the x-axis
induction hardening	A method of locally heating the surface of a steel or cast iron part through the use of alternating electric current
ex-stock	Available from manufacturer's or trader's stock; immediately available.
nitrates	those gases and aerosols that have origins in the gas-to-aerosol conversion of nitrogen oxides, e.g., NO2; of primary interest are nitric acid and ammonium nitrate
confined groundwater	Groundwater trapped between two impervious layers of rock.
virgin metal	Primary metal produced from ore.
primary succession	Succession on soil or sediments that do not contain an active seed bank.
silver	Symbol:"Ag" Atomic Number:"47" Atomic Mass: 107.87amu
boiling water reactor	A common type of light water reactor where water is allowed to boil in the core thus generating steam energy.
l/c	Letter of Credit
scattering	An interaction of a light wave with an object that causes the light to be redirected in its path
glaciofluvial	Geomorphic feature whose origin is related to the processes associated with glacial meltwater.
moist adiabatic lapse rate	See saturated adiabatic lapse rate.
tragedy of the commons	the idea that no one takes responsibility for things that everybody owns.
depletion curve	in hydraulics, a graphical representation of water depletion from storage stream channels, surface soil, and groundwater
relative response factor	Estimated or expected change in aerosol species monitoring concentration between 2 different years, based on model results from both years
corex®	Proprietary name for an iron ore reduction process that can use non-coking coal, which reduces the raw materials cost and avoids the need for investing in coke ovens
crystals	Twinning lines are created where two rough diamonds have grown together in the earth under extreme heat and pressure.
anodizing	An electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts
ice	a solid form of water.
dewater	The separation of water from sludge, to produce a solid cake.
quotas	(i) Tonnage limits on the amount of a particular ore, metal or alloy that can be imported into a country in a month, quarter or year either absolutely or at a more favourable rate of import duty.(ii) A rationing limit per customer applied by a seller of a material in short supply.
jump ring	A jump ring is a circular metal ring with an opening
radiation units	Units listed for easy conversion
shrinkage cracks	Hot tears associated wit shrinkage cavities.
sg iron	Spheroidal Graphite cast iron – cast iron which has been made malleable by the addition of ferro-silicon to change the form of the graphite to spheroidal; also called ductile iron.
contact recreation	activities involving a significant risk of ingestion of water, such as wading by children, swimming, water skiing, diving and surfing
market surveillance	Exchange-run supervision of market integrity.
anaerobic	a life or process that occurs in, or is not destroyed by, the absence of oxygen.
vf	VIEWS parameter: Vanadium (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-62-2; AQS Code: 88164; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
ecology	The study of the factors that influence the distribution and abundance of species.
respirable suspended particles	particles generated by, for example, cigarette smoking that are small enough to be breathed in
back siphonage	Reverse seepage of water in a distribution system
pcm3_ec	VIEWS parameter: PCM3 EC; CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
converter	A furnace for refining steel, copper etc
irradiated fuel	See "spent fuel."
continuous casting	Traditionally liquid steel was cast into large ingots, which were later re-heated to be rolled into slabs and then further rolled into plate or hot rolled coil
zone of saturation	The space in the soil below the water table in which all the pores are filled with water
tumor	Any abnormal mass of cells resulting from excessive cellular multiplication or lack of differentiation.
chamber studies	Studies involving the exposure of volunteers to controlled concentrations of gases or aerosols
mrs	Monitored Retrievable Storage, facility in which spent nuclear fuel can be stored and monitored on a temporary basis.
unsaturated zone	The area above the water table where soil pores are not fully saturated with water.
billet	A long semi-manufactured product, usually of square cross-section with rounded edges, typically with 150 mm or up to 6 inch sides (but sometimes round or hexagonal)
firn line	See firn limit.
annealing	Heating steel to, and holding at a suitable temperature,
alluvial	relating to, composed of, or found in alluvium.
calcium carbonate	CACO3 - a white precipitate that forms in water lines, water heaters and boilers in hard water areas; also known as scale.
sinking	controlling oil spills by using an agent to trap the oil and sink it to the bottom of the body of water where the agent and the oil are biodegraded.
eutectic	A mixture of two or more constituents which
iacs	Conductivity as a percentage of pure copper.
tnt equivalent	a measure of the energy released in the detonation of a nuclear weapon, expressed in terms of the quantity of TNT which would release the same amount of energy.
nuclear chain reaction	Nuclear reaction that takes place in the nucleus of an atom and changes the atom into one or two entirely different elements
sediments	Soil, sand, and minerals washed from land into water, usually after rain.
melting point	The temperature at which a solid begins to
expanded sweep	A short duration horizontal sweep positioned to provide close examination of a particular signal.
background noise	The extraneous signals caused by random signal sources within or exterior to the ultrasonic testing system, including the test material
mist	Liquid particles measuring 40 to 500 micrometers, are formed by condensation of vapour
clean water act	federal legislation enacted in 1972 to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the surface waters of the United States
glazings	Clear materials (such as glass or plastic) that allow sunlight to pass into solar collectors and solar buildings, trapping heat inside.
reexport	"Reexport" means an actual shipment or transmission of items subject to export regulations from one foreign country to another foreign country
ionization chamber	An instrument designed to measure quantity of ionizing radiation in terms of the charge of electricity associated with ions produced within a defined volume.
glaze	Coating of ice that forms when rain falls on a surface with a temperature below freezing.
stagnant	Referring to meteorological conditions that are not conducive to atmospheric mixing.
orogeny	period of mountain-building.
circumferential	Around the circumference, or periphery, of circular or cylindrical object
aesj	Atomic Energy Society of Japan.
metallurgical test	studies pertaining to the production, purification and properties of metals and their extraction
evapotranspiration	combination of evaporation and transpiration of water into the atmosphere from living plants and soil
temperate glacier	Glacier in which the ice found below 10 to 20 meters from its surface is at the pressure melting point
light trapping	The trapping of light inside a semiconductor material by refracting and reflecting the light at critical angles; trapped light will travel further in the material, greatly increasing the probability of absorption and hence of producing charge carriers.
dor	Deadly Orgone
geologic repository	A burial ground deep beneath the earth's surface designed for the long-term safe storage of high level nuclear waste.
latent heat flux	Latent heat flux is the global movement of latent heat energy through circulations of air and water
photovoltaic	Pertaining to the direct conversion of light into electricity.
jar test	A laboratory test procedure with differing chemical doses, mix speeds, and settling times, to estimate the minimum or ideal coagulant dose required to achieve water quality goals.
mean	Statistical measure of central tendency in a set of data
rinse	The process of removing liquid penetrant inspection material from the surface of an item by means of washing or flooding with another liquid, usually water
photon radiation	Forms of electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays, gamma-rays, and sunlight.
zirconium	Symbol:"Zr" Atomic Number:"40" Atomic Mass: 91.22amu
ductility	The property of metal which permits it to be reduced in cross sectional area without fracture
fermi level	Energy level at which the probability of finding an electron is one-half
lcfecr	Low carbon ferro-chrome, 0.3-0.6% C
ductile iron	See SG iron.
middle distillates	A term broadly applied to hydrocarbons in the so-called "middle range" of refinery distillation
element	One of the known chemical substances that cannot be broken down further without changing its chemical properties
geophysical prospecting	technique which measures the physical properties (chargeability, resistivity, magnetism etc) of rocks and define anomalies for further testing
export trigger list	Under Nuclear Supplier's Group guidelines, a list of nuclear-related equipment and materials that may be exported only if the recipient country accepts full-scope IAEA safeguards.
carbon monoxide	A colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels
focusing	Concentration or convergence of energy into a small beam.
logjam	A strainer dam of logs across a river.This dangerous phenomenon iscommon on small streams in wooded country.
cryogenic technologies	Technologies used to liquify helium and nitrogen (e.g
proportional limit	The maximum stress at which strain remains directly proportional to stress; the upper end of the straight-line portion of the stress-strain or load-elongation curve.
solar constant	The strength of sunlight; 1353 watts per square meter in space and about 1000 watts per square meter at sea level at the equator at solar noon.
public exposure	Exposure incurred by members of the public from radiation sources, excluding any occupational or medical exposure and the normal local natural background radiation.
butt	An unfinished or incomplete ingot.
phylogenic classification	Classification of organisms based on genetic connections between other species.
beta	A measurement useful in option pricing of the difference in volatility between an individual commodity and the market in general.
overdraft	pumping water from a groundwater basin or aquifer in excess of the supply flowing into the basin; results in a depletion or "mining" of the groundwater in the basin.
cartwheeling	Technique of spinning a raft just before a collision with a rock so as to rotate the raft off and around the rock.
uts	Ultimate Tensile Strength
carbonates	the collective term for the natural inorganic chemical compounds related to carbon dioxide that exist in natural waterways.
pcm1_tef_nh4	VIEWS parameter: PCM1 Teflon NH4; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
standard international	The most commonly accepted size of fountain pen ink cartridges and converters that many manufacturers use
contour interval	Difference in elevation between two successive contour lines
blinds	water samples containing a chemical of known concentration given a fictitious company name and slipped into the sample flow of the lab to test the impartiality of the lab staff.
metallurgy	The science and technology of metals.
carbon monoxide	One of the six criteria pollutants
frontal lifting	Lifting of a warmer or less dense air mass by a colder or more dense air mass at a frontal transitional zone.
pyrite	Pyrite (also known as fool's gold) is a shiny, metallic mineral that is a form of iron
snow	precipitation in the form of branched hexagonal crystals, often mixed with simple ice crystals, which fall more or less continuously from a solid cloud sheet
hygroscopic	Readily absorbing moisture, as from the atmosphere.
high-to-low dose extrapolation	The process of predicting human risks from low radiation exposures using either human or animal data on risks derived from high levels of exposure.
genotoxic carcinogen	a substance that can bind to DNA in the nucleus of cells and induce mutations which, if not repaired by the body, can lead to cancer.
ecf_niosh	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Elemental Total (Fine) (NIOSH); Description: Organic Carbon from STN (NIOSH); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
asa	Public Limited Company in Norway
fast neutron	neutron released during fission, traveling at very high velocity (20,000 km/s) and having high energy (c 2 MeV).
chemical reaction	Reaction between chemicals where there is a change in the chemical composition of the elements or compounds concerned.
voc	Volatile Organic Compound
oxbow lake	a U-shaped water body formed when a meander bend is cut off from the mainstem of a river or stream to create a lake.
disinfectants	Fluids or gasses to disinfect filters, pipelines, systems, etc.
fissile	Capable of capturing a slow (thermal) neutron and undergoing nuclear fission, e.g., U-235, U-233, Pu-239.
hydraulic gradient	In general, the direction of groundwater flow due to changes in the depth of the water table.
alkyne	A hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms.
succulent vegetation	Group of plants that have the ability to survive in deserts and other dry climates by having no leaves
radiation	The emission and propagation of energy by means of electromagnetic waves or particles.
helium	Symbol:"He" Atomic Number:"2" Atomic Mass: 4.00amu
strain hardening	The loss of ductility and gain in hardness resulting from strain ageing.
backfill	Waste material used to fill the void created by mining an orebody.
ecological diversity	See ecosystem diversity.
i1	VIEWS Status Flag: Invalid value - known reason; Source: VIEWS
skip distance	In angle beam tests of plate or pipe, the distance from the sound entry point to the first reflection point on the same surface
fold	Wavelike layers in rock strata that are the result of compression.
associate broker	Non-clearing, non-Ring-dealing members of the LME authorised to issue LME contracts.
front company	Often the initial buyer, these are companies that are set up to acquire technology and sensitive items legally and then export it illegally to an authorized recipient.
mitosis	The cell division, that is found in most non-reproductive cells.
brinnel hardness	A hardness test commonly used for soft steel and metals which measures diameter of an indentation made by a steel ball under a given load.
kinetic energy	Kinetic energy is energy in motion
headwaters	Upper portion of stream's drainage system.
drawing	The process of drawing metal through a die to accurately produce long lengths of wire, tube or strip sections.
plasma temperature	Temperature expressed in degrees K (thermodynamic temperature) or electron volts (kinetic temperature)
frm_no3_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH FRM Equivalent NO3 PM2.5; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
option spread	The simultaneous purchase and sale of a pair of calls (or puts) in the same metal but at different strike prices or different expiration dates, or both
recirculation	Recycling water after it is used
millscale	Heavy oxidation on the surface of e.g
alteration	changes in the chemical or mineralogical composition of a rock, generally produced by weathering or hydrothermal solutions Andesite - a variety of volcanic rock Anomalous - value of a given element that is deemed to be above the background or normal value Anticline - an inverted "U" shaped fold or structure in stratified rocks with the oldest rocks in the centre Assay - To analyze the proportions of metals in an ore; to test an ore or mineral for composition, purity, weight, or other properties of commercial interest
initial margin	The minimum amount of margin that a buyer or seller must place with the clearing house when a futures market position is opened
tundish	Liquid steel is poured from the converter or furnace into a tundish and held ready for feeding in a controlled flow into a continuous casting line.
milling circuit	The combination of various processes and systems which concentrate the valuable minerals.
bessemer	In the nineteenth century, Henry Bessemer and (independently) William Kelly devised a way of removing unwanted elements present in blast furnace iron by blowing air through the molten iron
granite	medium-to coarse-grained igneous rock usually light-coloured
absorption	the uptake of water, other fluids, or dissolved chemicals by a cell or an organism (as tree roots absorb dissolved nutrients in soil).
reference dose	Toxicity value for evaluating noncarcinogenic (systemic) effects of daily exposure to contaminant levels without appreciable deleterious effects during a lifetime.
adit	Horizontal access shaft to a deposit inside a mountain.
brooch	An ornamental piece of jewellery which has a pin back for affixing it to clothing or hats
oil	Hydrocarbon based liquid commonly found in the pores of sedimentary rocks of marine origin.
calorie	A calorie is a unit scientific measure for heat and energy
municipal sludge	Semi liquid residue that remains from the treatment of municipal water and wastewater.
oc2f	VIEWS parameter: Carbon, Organic Fraction 2 (Fine); CAS Number: 7440-44-0; AQS Code: 88333; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
plane of the ecliptic	Hypothetical two-dimensional surface in which the Earth's orbit around the Sun occurs.
sea arch	A coastal landform composed of rock that resembles an arch
milli	A prefix that divides a basic unit by one thousand.
grass	Type of plant that has long slender leaves that extend from a short stem or the soil surface.
88380	VIEWS parameter: EC CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC TOR; AQS Code: 88380; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
progradation	The natural extension of a shoreline seaward.
non destructive	Those forms of testing that do not result in
heliopause	The heliopause is the boundary of the heliosphere of the Sun in which the solar wind's density decreases greatly (and its speed also declines)
abandon	If an option is not declared and exercised, it is abandoned.
ph	pH scale from 0 to 14 used for measuring acidity or alkalinity
rainforest	a large, dense forest in a hot, humid region (tropical or subtropical)
flux	The rate at which a Reverse Osmosis Membrane allows water to pass through it.
rabble	A kind of rake for stirring solid material in a furnace.
activity series	A sequence of species arranged according to their reactivity; often used to describe metals and the ease with which they can be oxidized.
evaporation	Evaporation is a molecular phase change of a liquid to gas or vapor
electron	One of three basic particles in an atom
endangered species	one having so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct in all or part of its region.
icru	International Commission on Radiation Units
submerged arc welding	A method of welding whereby the welding electrode contacts the objects being welded beneath fluxes in granular form
catch basin	A sedimentation area designed to remove pollutants from runoff before being discharged into a stream or pond.
plate wave	See lamb wave.
sterling silver	Sterling is silver with a fineness of 925, that is, sterling is 925 parts per thousand (or 92.5%) silver and 7.5 parts per thousand (or 7.5%) copper (the copper increases the silver's hardness)
patterned ground	Term used to describe a number of surface features found in periglacial environments
grain	Metalworking (e.g
subpolar lows	Surface zone of atmospheric low pressure located at about 60° North and South latitude
88377	VIEWS parameter: OC4 CSN_Rev Unadjusted PM2.5 LC; AQS Code: 88377; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
chinook wind	The name of a North American wind that occurs on the leeward side of mountains
melting	the changing of a solid into a liquid.
paleoclimatology	Scientific study of the Earth's climate during the past.
biodosimetry	The use of biological changes to detect past radiation exposure
undertow	the current beneath the surface that sets seaward or along the beach when waves are breaking on the shore.
atom	A particle of matter that cannot be broken up by chemical means
asperity	A term used in wear technology or tribology to describe a peak or projection from a surface.
hubble's law	The law of physics that states that the farther a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving away from us.
washout	The process by which particles are removed from air by capture by raindrops.
amine	An organic compound formally derived from ammonia by the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by alkyl groups.
mixing zone	a limited volume of receiving water that is allocated for diluting a wastewater discharge without causing adverse effects to the overall water body.
arbitrage	The simultaneous purchase and sale of similar assets in different markets to profit from a price discrepancy.
upsetting	Working a piece of steel so that its length is
turbulent flow	Movement of water within a stream that occurs as discrete eddies and vortices
direct gain	In direct-gain buildings, sunlight directly enters the home through the windows and is absorbed and stored in massive floors or walls
system state	Current value of a system's elements, attributes, and/or relationships.
structurals	Steel girders and heavy angles used in construction
niche specialization	Process where evolution, through natural selection, adapts a species to a particular set of abiotic and biotic characteristics within a habitat.
natural ionizing radiation	Ionizing radiation that comes from natural sources in the environment.
non destructive testing	Those forms of testing that do not result in permanent damage or deformation to the part being tested
taxonomic classification	Classification of organisms based on structural and physiological connections between other species.
ironworks	Plant smelting or direct-reducing iron ore to produce pig iron
models-3/cmaq	Community Multiscale Air Quality model is a unique numerical grid model capable of operating as part of the Models-3 framework for the purpose of estimating pollutant concentrations for multiple pollutants (including ozone, particulate matter, precursor and component species, regional haze, air toxins, etc.) in "one-atmosphere" model applications.
renege	Arbitrarily failing to perform a contract requirement such as delivery or payment.
homogenizing treatment	A heat treatment of an alloy intended to make it uniform in composition by eliminating coring and concentration gradients.
rider	usually unrelated provisions tacked onto an existing Congressional bill
one-axis tracking	A system capable of rotating about one axis.
associate trade clearing member	A member of the LME entitled to clear its own business, but not to write client contracts or trade in the Ring.
hearings	testimony (sworn statements like those given in court) given before a Congressional committee.
electrical energy/surplus	Energy generated that is beyond the intermediate needs of the system
fire barrier wall	A wall separating buildings or subdividing a building to prevent the spread of fire and having a fire resistance rating and structural stability.
film badge	Piece of film worn by workers in order to see if they have been exposed to radiation.
kame	A steep conical hill composed of glaciofluvial sediments
off-exchange	A contract or trading activity which takes place outside any exchange, so is, by definition, over-the-counter (OTC)
comparative test block	A metal block specially cracked and having two separate, but adjacent areas for the application of different penetrants so that a direct comparison can be obtain.
chute spillway	the overall structure which allows water to drop rapidly through an open channel without causing erosion
repeatability	Ability to repeatedly produce a measurement or detectable indication with separate measurements or inspections.
mouth	End of a stream
non-renewable resource	Resource that is finite in quantity and is being used faster than its ability to regenerate itself.
oem	original equipment manufacturer; a company that purchases complex components from manufacturers, adds other hardware, and sells the systems, often for specific applications.
inceptisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
shareholders' equity	Book value for common and preferred equity.
magnetosphere	Zone that surrounds the Earth that is influenced by the Earth's magnetic field.
npdes permit	permit issued under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System for companies discharging pollutants directly into the waters of the United States.
strike	One of the directional properties of a geologic structure such as a fold or a fault
heavy water	Fast current, large waves, usually associated with holes, boulders, and general turbulence
tension leveller	Some cold rolling lines pass the coil in line through a stand that detects and corrects uneven loads as the coil passes through the roll stands, which reduces excessive internal tensions within the coil as it emerges from the line
barn	see Cross Section.
wetting agent	A substance that will reduce the surface tension of a liquid, thereby reducing the formation of air bubbles.
hubble space telescope	The Hubble Space Telescope (or HST) is a powerful telescope in orbit around the Earth
ore shoot	An elongated pipelike, ribbonlike, or chimneylike mass of ore within a deposit (usually a vein), representing the more valuable part of the deposit.
round turn	Expression covering the purchase and sale of a warrant by a broker for a client; the basis for charging commission.
hallmark	This is the authorised stamp from an assay office which is found on items of gold, silver and platinum
proton	One of three basic particles in an atom
refraction	The bending of light rays
chlorine demand	the difference between the amount of chlorine added to water, sewage, or industrial wastes and the amount of residual chlorine remaining at the end of a specific contact period
risk	In many health fields, risk means the probability of incurring injury, disease, or death
beach	The terrestrial interface area in between land and a water body where there are accumulations of unconsolidated sediments like sand and gravel
gigawatt	One billion watts
synoptic scale	Scale of geographic coverage used on daily weather maps to describe large scale atmospheric phenomenon (for example, mid-latitude cyclone, air masses, fronts, and hurricanes).
backshore slope	Sloping bank landward of the shore
continental divide	The elevated area that occurs on a continent that divides continental scale drainage basins.
groundwater hydrology	the branch of hydrology that deals with groundwater; its occurrence and movements, its replenishment and depletion, the properties of rocks that control groundwater movement and storage, and the methods of investigation and utilization of ground water.
pulse length	A measure of pulse duration expressed in time or number of cycles.
yield point	Can be defined as the point where a tensile test piece
tropical savanna	See savanna.
beach drift	The lateral movement of sediments on a beach when the angles of swash and backwash differ.
thin strip casting	A technique to produce 1-2 mm thick steel coil direct from the caster, which avoids the need for lengthy tandem mill rolling lines needed even for reducing 50-60 mm thin slab to final gauge
point-contact cell	A high efficiency silicon concentrator cell that employs light trapping techniques and point-diffused contacts on the rear surface for current collection.
radiant energy	Solar energy which strikes the ground or air and becomes heat.
rfp	Request for Proposal
overload	Load greater than the load for which the system or mechanism was intended
coil shot	A short "shot" of magnetizing current passed through a solenoid or coil for the purpose of producing a longitudinal magnetic field in a test component.
run-off	The part of precipitation water that runs off the land into streams or other surfacewater.
meltwater	Water produced from the melting of snow and/or glacial ice.
population	(1) the whole number of inhabitants in a country, region or area; (2) a set of individuals having a quality or characteristic in common.
hammer mill	see Shredder.
thermocline	fairly thin zone in a lake that separates an upper warmer zone (epilimnion) from a lower colder zone (hypolimnion).
volume	The occupation of space in three dimensions
orogenic belt	A major range of mountains on the continents.
hydrosphere	region that includes all the earth's liquid water, frozen water, floating ice, frozen upper layer of soil, and the small amounts of water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere.
ebitda	Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation
potable water	Water that is safe for drinking and cooking.
solid drawn	Tube drawn down from a tube shell into straight lengths or in coils without a welded joint.
path radiance	Or "airlight," a radiometric property of the air resulting from light scattering processes along the sight line, or path, between a viewer and the object (target).
completion	sealing off access of undesireable water to the well bore by proper casing and/or cementing procedures.
vista contrast	See Contrast.
slab	The semi (in steel) or non-ferrous equivalent intended for rolling into coil or sheet.
public water system	A system that provides piped water for human consumption to at least 15 service connections or regularly serves 25 individuals.
robinson projection	Map projection system that tries to present more accurate representations of area
coin silver	A silver-coloured metal that is a mixture of 80% silver and 20% copper
deposit	See Initial Margin.
geothermal energy	Heat energy derived from the Earth's interior.
depletion	The decrease in quantity of ore in a deposit or property resulting from extraction or production.
wavelength	The distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation.
lanthanides	This is a group of fifteen closely related elements and are known as the rare earth or "inner transition" elements
solute	any substance derived from the atmosphere, vegetation, soil, or rock that is dissolved in water.
criteria pollutant	EPA uses six "criteria pollutants" as indicators of air quality, and has established for each of them a maximum concentration above which adverse effects on human health may occur
seepage lake	A lake that gets its water primarily from the seepage of groundwater.
shank	The shank is the portion of a ring encircling the finger.
residuum	Liquid or semi-liquid products obtained as residues from the distillation of petroleum
tertiary treatment	removal from wastewater of traces or organic chemicals and dissolved solids that remain after primary treatment and secondary treatment.
fire flooding	An enhanced oil recovery method in which air or oxygen is injected into the reservoir to support controlled combustion, thereby increasing the temperature and lowering the viscosity of heavy oils to facilitate recovery by pumping
water table	The surface of groundwater in the soil.
tom-next	Within the LME's normal two day settlement, a position may nevertheless have a prompt date one day forward
latmax	Latitude Maximum: A valid latitude value to be used as the maximum latitude in a geographical boundary specification
alkalinity	Alkalinity means the buffering capacity of water; the capacity of the water to neutralize itself
pb	Chemical symbol for Lead.
strain	A measure of relative change in the size or shape of a body
rock slide	Large scale mass movement of rock materials downslope.
industrial revolution	Major change in the economy and society of humans brought on by the use of machines and the efficient production of goods
grain size measurement	Grain size is normally quantified by a numbering
investing	The process of pouring the investment slurry into the flask surrounding the pattern to form the mold.
electric circuit	Path followed by electrons from a power source (generator or battery) through an external line (including devices that use the electricity) and returning through another line to the source.
ecosystem diversity	The variety of unique biological communities found on the Earth
divergence	An improper term used to describe the spreading of ultrasonic waves beyond the near field
pore	An opening in a membrane or medium that allows water to pass through.
stream bank	Sides of the stream channel.
rod mill	A steelworks producing billet and rolling it into rod, or a mill re-rolling acquired billet.
equity	Total equity excluding non-controlling interests, adjusted for other comprehensive income, actuarial gain (loss) and deferred taxation
anabranch	a secondary channel of a stream which leaves and then rejoins the main channel
gall-peters projection	Map projection system that reduces the area distortion found in Mercator projections.
stripping ratio	The ratio of the number of tonnes of waste material removed to the number of tonnes of ore removed, used in connection with open pit mining.
foundry	An establishment for producing castings in molten metal; the act or process of founding or casting metal, or the category of metal objects made by founding; castings
carbon	Carbon is an essential element in steel, it is added
kinetic energy	energy possessed by a moving object or water body.
algal blooms	Periods of enlarged algal growths that affect water quality
cash today	See Tom-Next.
photovoltaic generator	The total of all Photovoltaic strings of a Photovoltaic power supply system, which are electrically interconnected.
pipe	A defect that arises during the solidification of steel in
radioactivity	The spontaneous decay of an unstable atomic nucleus, giving rise to the emission of radiation.
metabolism	Describes all of the enzymatic reactions performed by the cells of an organism.
geographic range	Spatial distribution of a species
nitriding	A process of case hardening steels of appropriate composition with nitrogen to give superior results to case hardening with heat alone.
dual phase steels	Carbon or stainless steel designed to be ductile enough for deep drawing but having superior strength thereafter.
life span study	The long-term cohort study of health effects in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
oxide fuels	Enriched or natural uranium in the form of the oxide UO2, used in many types of reactor.
parent material	The mineral material from which a soil forms.
alpha helix	DNA forms a specific formation called a alpha helix.
phasor	A vector describing sinusoidal signals; It has both amplitude and phase.
hydrogen	An undesirable impurity if present in steel and a cause
ph	Scale used to measure the alkalinity or acidity of a substance through the determination of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
give up	An agreement that sees one broker pass an order to another broker
spurious echo	A general term used for any indication that cannot be associated with a discontinuity or boundary at the location displayed.
radioactive material	Material designated in national law or by a regulatory body as being subject to regulatory control because of its radioactivity, often taking account of both activity and activity concentration.
organism	any form of animal or plant life.
fsrh	VIEWS parameter: Small particle size fRH; Type Code: CALC; Units: Unspecified
output	Movement of matter, energy, or information out of a system
esa	and is one of NASA's Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
off-shore sources	Emissions sources occurring in the open ocean distinctly separated from land-based activities
learning opportunity	A positive aspect of mishaps and mistakes (in rafting and in life in general) is that they can be valuable learning opportunities.
aeration tank	a chamber used to inject air into water.
o horizon	Topmost layer of most soils
bear covering	The closing of a short position.
regolith	Loose layer of rocky material overlying bedrock.
longshore current	A water current that moves parallel to the shoreline.
cercla	Comprehensive Environment Response, Compensation and Liability Act
billet	(i) In steel, a long product of square cross-section used for rolling into finished shape as a rebar or light long product; the form in which steel is traded on the LME
foot cup	Shaped somewhat like the front half of a shoe and attached to the floor of a raft, these fabric/rubber "cups" can help rafters stay in the boat
high pressure	An area of atmospheric pressure within the Earth's atmosphere that is above average
subsea permafrost	Form of permafrost that exists beneath the sea in ocean sediments.
shuttle	The process of moving vehicles from the put-in to the take-out or trip members in the reverse direction
continental glacier	Largest type of glacier with a surface coverage in the order of 5 million square kilometers.
typhoon	Another name for hurricane.
primary pollutant	a pollutant released directly into the air from its source e.g
pond	a body of water usually smaller than a lake and larger than a pool either naturally or artificially confined.
calcium carbonate	This is one of the most common minerals on the face of the earth and is found in calcite, aragonite and vaterite
longitudinal	Lengthwise, or in an axial direction.
hydrogen	An element consisting of one electron and one proton
fault	A displacement of subsurface layers of earth or rock that sometimes seals an oil-bearing formation by placing it next to a non-porous formation.
creep strength	(1) The constant nominal stress that will cause a specified quantity of creep in a given time at constant temperature; (2) the constant nominal stress that will cause a specified creep rate at constant temperature.
diploid	Cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
electron cyclotron frequency	The frequency (usually microwave) of radio waves which have the same frequency as electrons orbiting magnetic field lines, such as those in a tokamak.
coliform bacteria	Bacteria that serve as indicators of pollution and pathogens when found in water
detergent	A water-soluble cleansing agent, other than soap.
toxic hot spot	location in enclosed bay, estuary, or any adjacent waters that has toxic pollution problems in the water or sediment in excess of applicable standards.
radon	A radioactive element, the heaviest known gas
biosphere	Part of the Earth where life is found
distorted field	A magnetic field that does not follow a straight path or have a uniform distribution due to the irregular in shape of the magnetized test object
waste	Material that contains insufficient mineralization for consideration for future treatment and, as such, is discarded.
euroalliages	Association of European ferro-alloy producers.
cobalt	Symbol:"Co" Atomic Number:"27" Atomic Mass: 58.93amu
chlorination	the adding of chlorine to water or sewage for the purpose of disinfection or other biological or chemical results.
totter	English word for an itinerant scrap buyer, a first point on the collection chain.
meltwater	water that comes from the melting ice of a glacier or a snowbank.
beyond economic reach reserves	Those established reserves that, because of size, geographic location or composition, are not considered economically feasible for connection to a pipeline at the present time.
public land	land owned in common by all, represented by the government (town, county, state, or federal).
crude steel	The product of a BF-BOF process converter or EAF as liquid, or cast product (ingot, slab, billet, bloom or steel casting)
outfall	the place where a wastewater treatment plant discharges treated water into the environment.
heliocentric	A Heliocentric system is one in which a sun is at the center.
die casting	Casting a non-ferrous metal (usually zinc or aluminium) into a closed steel die either by gravity pouring (gravity die casting) or injection under pressure (pressure die casting)
infill drilling	Diamond drilling at shorter intervals between existing holes, used to provide greater geological detail and to help establish reserve estimates.
phf_vcode	VIEWS parameter: Field pH Validity Code; Description: p = the field measurement passes all of the screening criteria; f = the field measurement fails to pass all of the screening criteria; i = incomplete information
amorphous	Amorphous is an adjective meaning shapeless or lacking crystal structure (such as Amber).
flush	to open a cold-water tap to clear out all the water which may have been sitting for a long time in the pipes; to force large amounts of water through a system to clean out piping or tubing and storage or process tanks.
false indication	A test indication that could be interpreted as originating from a discontinuity but which actually originates where no discontinuity exists.
annual intake	The derived limit for the permissible amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult radiation worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year
helium	Inert, lighter-than-air gas, used primarily in the United States due to the high cost of transport elsewhere. Helium is the second-most common element in the universe, but rare on Earth. Until recently, nearly all the world's supply was obtained as a by-product from natural gas wells in the southwestern US. The cost for a helium fill of a Charli鋨e balloon now exceeds $10,000.
diffusion length	The mean distance a free electron or hole moves before recombining with another hole or electron.
trickling filter	A wastewater treatment unit that contains medium material with bacteria
impoundment	a body of water such as a pond, confined by a dam, dike, floodgate or other barrier
roche moutonnee	A feature of glacial erosion that resembles an asymmetrical rock mound
neutrino	A particle with no charge and probably no mass that is produced in nuclear reactions
e-grid	Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database
pigment	Organic substance found in plant and animal cells that creates coloring.
unsaturated compound	An organic compound that contains carbon-carbon multiple bonds
hard metals	A group of materials more commonly known as
excess relative risk	The rate of disease in an exposed population divided by the rate of disease in an unexposed population, minus 1.0
compressed gas tank	See compressed gas storage.
key habitats	flow-sensitive habitats as well as habitats that support key species.
tungsten carbide	Chemical symbol WC
conjunctive management	integrated management and use of two or more water resources, such as an aquifer and a surface water body.
b.s.	British Standard
nv_nitrate	VIEWS parameter: Non-Volatile Nitrate (Fine); Description: AIRS calculated; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Type Code: CALC; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
high-level waste	Highly radioactive waste material from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel -- including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any solid waste derived from the liquid -- that contains a combination of transuranic waste and fission products in concentrations requiring permanent isolation.
insert	A part usually formed from metal, which is placed in a mold and may become an integral part of the casting.
be_no3_pm25	VIEWS parameter: SEARCH Best Estimate NO3 PM2.5; CAS Number: 12033-49-7; Type Code: PM2.5; Units: UG/CU Meter (LC)
renege	Arbitrarily failing to perform a contract requirement such as delivery or payment without justification such as force majeure.
retrofit	To furnish or provide with new equipment or parts unavailable at the time of original manufacture or construction.
dissolve	The process during which solid particles mix molecule by molecule with a liquid and appear to become part of the liquid.
usgs	U.S
ultraviolet radiation	Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 and 0.4 micrometers (µm).
inherent safety characteristic	Achieving safety by eliminating a specified hazard by means of the choice of material or design concept.
background radiation	Radiation arising from natural sources always present in the environment, including solar and cosmic radiation from outer space and naturally radioactive elements in the atmosphere, the ground, building materials, and the human body.
backwardation	The situation when the cash or spot price of a metal is greater than its forward price
ice sheet	A dome-shaped glacier covering an area greater than 50,000 square kilometers
ion chromatography	A method of separating ions by their different speeds of passage through an ion-exchange resin
the strokes	The two bow paddlers who, following the captain's calls, match strokes with one another and set a paddling pace that is followed by the rest of the crew
pinch pass	A term applied when, after annealing, sheet or strip is
astm	American Society for Testing and Materials
critical cooling r	The slowest rate of cooling from the hardening
nephrite	The original jade treasured by the Chinese culture, nephrite is a calcium magnesium silicate and comes in a range of colors from white to green
stress strain	A graph in which stress (load divided by the original cross
ferry	A maneuver for moving a boat laterally across a current
boiling point	the temperature at which a liquid boils
solstice	Dates when the declination of the Sun is at 23.5° North or South of the equator
water well	any artificial excavation constructed for the purpose of exploring for or producing ground water.
ramp up	In commissioning a new mine or plant, operations begin slowly and cautiously and are then "ramped up" to, or above, design capacity.
saltation	Transport of sediment initiated by moving air or water where particles move from a resting surface to the transport medium in quick continuous repeated cycles.
iaea	Headquartered in Vienna, Austria, the International Atomic Energy Agency calls itself "the world's center of cooperation in the nuclear field." It was set up as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization in 1957 within the United Nations family
hot spot	A volcanic area on the surface of the Earth created by a rising plume of magma.
littoral zone	area on or near the shore of a body of water.
in-situ	in place
well log	A record of geological formation penetrated during drilling, including technical details of the operation.
isotropic scattering	The process of scattering light equally in all directions.
strike price	The price at which an option buyer can buy or sell the underlying asset.
service conductors	The supply conductors that extend from the street main or transformers to the service equipment of the premises being supplied.
graphitising	An annealing process applied to cast iron and steels with a high carbon and high silicon content by which the combined carbon is wholly or in part transformed to graphitic or free carbon.
rejection level	The level above or below which a signal is an indication of a rejectable discontinuity.
visual air quality	Air quality evaluated in terms of pollutant particles and gases that affect how well one can see through the atmosphere.
chlorofluorocarbons	stable, artificially-created chemical compounds containing carbon, chlorine, fluorine and sometimes hydrogen
liana	Species of plant that uses the support of wood plants to elevate its leaves above the forest canopy.
proton	One of the three fundamental particles in atoms
particle	A minute portion of matter – frequently a very small solid or liquid particle (or droplet) of micrometre or nanometre dimensions
statistical power	The probability that an epidemiological study will detect a given level of elevated risk with a specified degree of confidence.
heat treatment	Process for increasing the mechanical properties (strength, hardness) of steel and some non-ferrous metals
ph	numeric value that describes the intensity of the acid or basic (alkaline) conditions of a solution
shoreline	The line that separates a land surface from a water body
bow tie	The bow tie effect is a dark shadow across the center of a fancy shape diamond, in the shape of a man’s bow tie
contango	The situation when the price of a metal for forward or future delivery is greater than the cash or spot price of the metal
historic price carry	See NMPT.
white light	White light is the effect of combining the visible colours of light in suitable proportions (the same present in solar light).
exotic metals	An imprecise term generally covering very small volume minor metals with very special characteristics, some degree of rarity and often a discontinuous market.
cavitation	Process of intense erosion due to the surface collapse of air bubbles found in constricted rapid flows of water
diesel cycle	The combustion process of a type of internal combustion engine
ice	The solid form of water.
maximum power point	The point on the current-voltage (I-V) curve of a module under illumination, where the product of current and voltage is maximum
sulfation	A condition that afflicts unused and discharged batteries; large crystals of lead sulfate grow on the plate, instead of the usual tiny crystals, making the battery extremely difficult to recharge.
micron	a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter; the unit of measure for wavelength.
activity	A measure of the radioactivity of a particular radioisotope
drawing	The process of drawing metal thorugh a die to accurately produce long lengths of wire, tube or strip sections.
soil organic matter	Organic constituents of soil.
neutron	An uncharged elementary particle found in the nucleus of every atom except hydrogen
absorption	In chemistry absorption can mean two things: Firstly it can imply that powerful forces exist holding two substances together, and that seperation of the two is not easily accomplished
poisson's ratio	If a square bar is stressed in a testing machine in the
kettle hole	Depression found in glacial deposits
fetch	The distance of open water in one direction across a body of water over which wind can blow.
quenching	Rapid cooling from a high temperature by immersion in a liquid bath of oil or water
stream gradient	The change in elevation from a stream's headwaters to its mouth expressed in degrees, percentage, or as a distance ratio (rise/run).
burden	The ore and associated fluxes or alloying ingredients added to the top of the blast furnace which is supported by the reduction material – coke.
stockwork	A mineral deposit consisting of a three-dimensional network of planar to irregular veinlets spaced closely enough that the whole mass can be mined.
gilt	Gold plating.
medical exposure	Exposure incurred by patients as part of their own medical or dental diagnosis or treatment; by persons, other than those occupationally exposed, knowingly, while voluntarily helping in the support and comfort of patients; and by volunteers in a program of biomedical research involving their exposure.
map	An abstraction of the real world that is used to depict, analyze, store, and communicate spatially organized information about physical and cultural phenomena.
mitosis	The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
electron	Negatively charged particle with a mass of 9.1x10-31kg.
balance	Refers to how evenly distributed the weight of the pen feels from the front and back in the hand, and it varies based on the person holding it
field capacity	the amount of water held in soil against the pull of gravity.
orientation	The angular relationship of a surface, plane, discontinuity or axis to a reference plane or surface.
nucleus	The first structurally determinate particle of anew phase or structure that may be about to form
surface probe	A probe for testing surfaces, which has a finite coverage
equilibration	A balancing or counter balancing to create stability, often with a standard measure or constant.
rangeland	Land-use type that supplies vegetation for consumption by grazing and browsing animals
genome	All the genetic material in the chromosomes of a defined organism.
nanometer	A unit of measure in the metric system
drought	although there is no universally accepted definition of drought, it is generally the term applied to periods of less than average precipitation over a certain period of time
sunset	Moment of time when the Sun's edge completely disappears below the Earth's horizon.
resolving power	A measure of the ability of an ultrasonic system to separate two signals close together in time or distance.
variation margin	Additional funds which may be requested (a margin call) to cover any losses on an open position, based on current market values (mark to market)
senescence	the aging process
hydrogen ion	The ion which is left when the hydrogen atom loses its electron, forming a proton
pacific high	High pressure system that develops over the central Pacific Ocean near the Hawaiian Islands
secondary pollutant	a pollutant formed by chemical changes to a primary pollutant or pollutants e.g
biodegradable pollutants	Pollutants that are capable of decomposing under natural conditions.
secondary particles	Form in the atmosphere by a gas-to-particle conversion process.
room and pillar	Mine development technique employed in good bearing ground.
uranium enrichment	Process that increases the percentage of uranium-235 isotopes in uranium fuel from 0.7 percent to 3-4 percent.
heliosphere	The heliosphere is an area centered around the Sun over which the effect of the solar wind extends
core confinement	Energy confinement related particularly to the plasma core (i.e the region within the separatrix).
polar cell	Three-dimensional atmospheric circulation cell located at roughly 60 to 90° North and South of the equator
block trade	A large transaction in one metal on one futures market.
turbid	thick or opaque with matter in suspension
molarity	A measure of the number of moles of a solute that are dissolved in a liter of solution
cladding	The metal tubes containing oxide fuel pellets in a reactor core.
barrier	The plane along which principal environmental separation of air occurs.
ball mill	A rotating cylinder loaded with balls of iron or other material used to fine-grind ore in a concentrator prior to flotation
ribonucleic acid	A chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells; it plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell
electromagnetic energy	Energy stored in electromagnetic waves or radiation
moraine	A hill of glacial till deposited directly by a glacier.
covering a long	Selling futures contracts to liquidate an earlier purchase and close a long position.
nucleus	(only in eukaryotes) - where genetic material (DNA) is located, RNA is transcribed.
architectural mesh	A flexible or rigid stainless steel weave, meant for privacy, shading, or embellishment.
gamma	A measure of the rate of change of an option's delta in response to changes in the price of the underlying.
diffuser	A component of the ozone contacting system in an ozone generator that allows diffusion of an ozone containing gas.
discretionary account	An account which gives the broker the right to initiate trades that he believes will meet the client's objectives
hydroelectric	Process for producing electricity by utilizing the potential energy of water behind river dams to turn electrical generators.
counterparty	The buyer or seller on the other side of all transactions.
wave crest	The curved tops or ridges of an oscillating wave.
pig iron	The product of the blast furnace
testing	permanent damage or deformation to the part being
cb	Chemical symbol for Columbium.
eddy diffusion	Mixing of the atmosphere by chaotic air currents.
demo	Demonstration fusion reactor
ttt curve	An abbreviation of Time Temperature
underdrain	a concealed drain with openings through which the water enters when the water table reaches the level of the drain.
lithification	Process by which sediments are consolidated into sedimentary rock.
investment precoat	An extremely fine investment coating applied as a thin slurry directly to the surface of the pattern to reproduce maximum surface smoothness
spot examination	Local examination of welds or castings.
filigree	Filigree is gold or silver wire that have been twisted into patterns and soldered into place
kinetic energy	The energy due to motion.
copenhagen	The capital of Denmark, located between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
activity	The expectation value of the number of nuclear transformations occurring in a given quantity of material per unit of time
falls	A drop over which the water falls free at least part of the way.
mohs scale	This is a scale that measures the hardness of rocks and minerals
coronal mass ejection	A blast of gas moving outward through the Sun’s corona and into interplanetary space following the eruption of a prominence.
bioremediation	The biological treatment of wastewater and sludge, by inducing the breakdown of organics and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water.
pci	Pulverised coal injection, a technique making it possible to use a proportion of non-metallurgical coal directly in a blast furnace, as a substitute for some of the more expensive coke providing the main source of reducing gas.
ambient temperature	The temperature of the air, water, or surrounding earth
below collar	A distance below the surface elevation of a shaft.
earthflow	A rapid type of downslope mass movement that involves soil and other loose sediments
nd	non-destructive (testing)
benthos	The plant and animal organisms that live on the sea floor
sand filtration	Sand filtration is a frequently used and very robust method to remove suspended solids from water
dose limits	The value of the effective dose or the equivalent dose to individuals from planned exposure situations that shall not be exceeded.
bog	A habitat that consists of waterlogged spongy ground
longshore drift	The movement and deposition of coastal sediments because of longshore currents.
criticality	Condition of being able to sustain a nuclear chain reaction.
airweb	Air Resources Web, an air quality information retrieval system for US parks and wildlife refuges developed by the Air Resources Division of the National Park Service and the Air Quality Branch of the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
spinel	Most typically pink or red, also purple, green and blue
process water	Water that serves in any level of the manufacturing process of certain products.
harvest moon	The Harvest moon is the full moon that appears closest in time to the Autumnal Equinox, occurring in late September or early October.
sheet piling	Long narrow steel plates, profiled to interlock and provide a barrier to support excavations etc.
sheet flow	See overland flow.
dusttight	Constructed so that dust will not enter the enclosing case under specified test conditions.
radiographic interpretation	The determination of the cause and significance of subsurface discontinuities indicated on the radiograph
isobar	Lines on a map joining points of equal atmospheric pressure.
converter	A cartridge-shaped reservoir that allows you to use bottled pen ink when a cartridge would otherwise be your only option
passive solar	using or capturing solar energy (usually to heat water) without any external power.
wet-bulb depression	The value calculated by subtracting a wet-bulb thermometer reading from a dry-bulb thermometer reading
meridional transport	Transport of atmospheric and oceanic energy from the equator to the poles.
emulsifier	An agent, usually in liquid form which, when combined with a liquid penetrant that is insoluble in water, renders such a penetrant "soluble" thereby facilitating its removal by a water wash.
fot	Free on truck or train
greenhouse gases	Radiative gases in the earth’s atmosphere which absorb long-wave heat radiation from the earth’s surface and re-radiate it, thereby warming the earth
type 4	Composite cylinder with polymer liner
sludge digester	tank in which complex organic substances like sewage sludge are biologically dredged
fault plane	The plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault.
comet	A large mass of ice and dust that has an orbit around a star.
ecotone	Boundary zone between two unique community types.
ice field	Large level area of glacial ice found covering a large expanse of land
stagnation periods	Lengths of time during which little atmospheric mixing occurs over a geographical area, making the presence of layered hazes more likely
hydrogen	helium, and oxygen
germination	The beginning of vegetative growth of a plant from a seed.
ink	The liquid substance that you put in a fountain pen to be able to use it for more than a paperweight or a piece of jewelry.
frictional force	Force acting on wind near the Earth's surface due to frictional roughness
nitrogen saturation	Over abundance of nitrogen in natural ecosystems because of human induced inputs related to agriculture and fossil fuel combustion.
townsend avalanche	(Phys.) A cumulative ionization process in which the ions and electrons of one generation undergo collisions that produce a greater number of ions and electrons in succeeding generations.
grain size control	When a steel is austenitised by heating to above the critical range, time is required for the production of a homogeneous structure during which there is a tendency towards grain growth
protista	Group, at the kingdom level, in the classification of life
intercept	That portion included between two points in a borehole, as between the point where the hole first encounters a specific rock or mineral body and where the hole enters a different or underlying rock formation.
standard test conditions	Conditions under which a module is typically tested in a laboratory: (1) Irradiance intensity of 1000 W/square meter (0.645 watts per square inch), AM1.5 solar reference spectrum, and (3) a cell (module) temperature of 25 degrees C, plus or minus 2 degrees C (77 degrees F, plus or minus 3.6 degrees F)
atom	Basic component of matter
cvd-w	Chemical Vapour Deposition of tungsten onto a surface.
band-to-band auger recombination	Recombination of an electron and a hole occurring between bands of the same energy in which no magnetic radiation is emitted.
rolled gold	Rolled gold is a very thin sheet of gold that is laminated to a lesser metal (usually brass)
gaseous diffusion	A method of isotope separation based on the fact that gas atoms or molecules with different masses will diffuse through a porous barrier (or membrane) at different rates
köppen climate classification	System that uses monthly precipitation and temperature data and total annual precipitation data to classify a location's climate into one of five main categories: Tropical Moist Climates; Dry Climates; Moist Mid-latitude Climates with Mild Winters; Moist Mid-Latitude Climates with Cold Winters; and Polar Climates
isothermal transformation	Also known as the Time Temperature
decay radioactive	The spontaneous change of an atomic nucleus and the emission of a particle or a photon.
apparent spectral contrast	Percent difference in radiant energy associated with an object and its background when the object is observed at some distance r.
bauxite	Aluminium trihydrate, the most common raw material for the production of alumina
angles	In geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle
relaxation	Relief of stress by creep
henry's law	A way of calculating the solubility of a gas in a liquid, based on temperature and partial pressure, by means of constants.
urban parks	parks in cities and areas of high population concentration.
aerosol	Very small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air.