Glossary extracted starting with manual seeds, with BOW for the domain hel and language EN
| amg 706 | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| acetyl group | A small molecule made of two carbon, three hydrogen, and one oxygen atoms |
| apolizumab | A type of monoclonal antibody that is being studied as a treatment for hematologic (blood) cancers |
| 6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| gamete | Term for either a sperm or egg |
| abx-egf | A human monoclonal antibody that is being used to treat colorectal cancer that has spread to other parts of the body |
| alkylating agent | A type of drug that is used in the treatment of cancer |
| azd0530 | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| autologous stem cell transplantation | A procedure in which blood-forming stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop) are removed, stored, and later given back to the same person. |
| antiglobulin test | A laboratory test to identify antibodies that can bind to the surface of red blood cells or platelets and destroy them |
| azq | An anticancer drug that is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and kill cancer cells in the central nervous system |
| allopurinol | A drug that lowers high levels of uric acid (a byproduct of metabolism) in the blood caused by some cancer treatments. |
| appendectomy | Surgery to remove the appendix (small finger-shaped pouch at the end of the first part of the large intestine). |
| autophagy | A normal process in which a cell destroys proteins and other substances in its cytoplasm (the fluid inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus), which may lead to cell death |
| 5fu/lv | An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used with other types of therapy to treat colorectal cancer |
| 5-fluoro-2-deoxycytidine | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| autoimmune disease | A condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. |
| aml | An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood |
| amd 3100 | A condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye) |
| aspergillosis | An infectious fungal disease that occurs most often in the skin, ears, nasal sinuses, and lungs of people with suppressed immune systems. |
| anesthesiologist | A doctor who specializes in giving drugs or other agents to prevent or relieve pain during surgery or other procedures being done in the hospital. |
| alemtuzumab | A type of monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of leukemia |
| allovectin-7 | A substance that is being studied as a gene therapy agent in the treatment of cancer |
| atn-224 | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | A type of immune reaction in which a target cell or microbe is coated with antibodies and killed by certain types of white blood cells |
| aerobic respiration | A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars) |
| ag337 | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of liver cancer |
| age-related macular degeneration | A condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye) |
| alpha-fetoprotein | A protein normally produced by a fetus |
| alendronate sodium | A drug used to treat certain bone conditions, such as osteoporosis and Paget disease of the bone |
| angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma marked by enlarged lymph nodes and hypergammaglobulinemia (increased antibodies in the blood) |
| aldesleukin | A drug used to treat some types of cancer |
| agnogenic myeloid metaplasia | A progressive, chronic disease in which the bone marrow is replaced by fibrous tissue and blood is made in organs such as the liver and the spleen, instead of in the bone marrow |
| angiozyme | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of kidney cancer |
| remission | A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer |
| allogeneic bone marrow transplantation | A procedure in which a person receives stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop) from a genetically similar, but not identical, donor. |
| adenosquamous carcinoma | A type of cancer that contains two types of cells: squamous cells (thin, flat cells that line certain organs) and gland-like cells |
| 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| ammonium tetrathiomolybdate | A substance being studied in the treatment of many types of cancer |
| arzoxifene hydrochloride | A substance being studied in the treatment of osteoporosis and breast cancer |
| abt-869 | A substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer |
| sinus | A cavity, space, or channel in the body |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | A disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| acute myeloid leukemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood |
| ajcc staging system | A system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer for describing the extent of cancer in a patient's body |
| amonafide | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| autoimmune enteropathy | A rare disease in which certain cells in the intestine are destroyed by a patient's immune system |
| apc8015f | A vaccine made from immune system cells taken from a patient with prostate cancer and frozen for future use |
| acth | A hormone made in the pituitary gland |
| aspergillus | Fungi commonly found in soil |
| amethopterin | A drug used to treat some types of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and severe skin conditions, such as psoriasis |
| autologous bone marrow | Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. |
| amg 162 | A type of monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of multiple myeloma (a cancer that forms in bones) and in the prevention and treatment of bone metastases (cancer that has spread to bone from another organ) |
| 90y-dota-biotin | A compound that contains the radioisotope yttrium Y 90 linked to the chemical biotin |
| 17-n-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| acupuncturist | A person trained in acupuncture (therapy that uses thin needles inserted through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms) |
| acute myelogenous leukemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood |
| zygote intrafallopian transfer | Type of Assisted Reproductive Technology in which the early, fertilized eggs are transferred into the woman’s fallopian tubes, rather than into the uterus. |
| acetaminophen | A drug that reduces pain and fever (but not inflammation) |
| anaplastic thyroid cancer | A rare, aggressive type of thyroid cancer in which the malignant (cancer) cells look very different from normal thyroid cells. |
| apoptosis | A type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell leads to its death |
| avastin | A drug used to treat several types of cancer, including certain types of colorectal, lung, breast, and kidney cancers and glioblastoma |
| actimid | A substance being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, and other types of cancer |
| asbestos | A group of minerals that take the form of tiny fibers |
| abdominoperineal resection | Surgery to remove the anus, the rectum, and part of the sigmoid colon through an incision made in the abdomen |
| aromatherapy | A type of complementary and alternative medicine that uses plant oils that give off strong pleasant aromas (smells) to promote relaxation, a sense of well-being, and healing. |
| antisense oligonucleotide | Small pieces of DNA or RNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA |
| adenine | A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA |
| atypical ductal hyperplasia | A benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the lining of breast ducts and the cells look abnormal under a microscope |
| 3 tesla mri | A procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body |
| autosomal recessive | Autosomal recessive inheritance refers to genetic conditions that occur only when mutations are present in both copies of a given gene (i.e., the person is homozygous for a mutation, or carries two different mutations of the same gene, a state referred to as compound heterozygosity). |
| ampulla of vater cancer | Cancer that forms in the ampulla of Vater (an enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas where they join and enter the small intestine) |
| aerobic metabolism | A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars) |
| augmerosen | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| abarelix | A drug used to reduce the amount of testosterone made in patients with advanced symptomatic prostate cancer for which no other treatment options are available |
| anagrelide | A drug that is used to decrease the number of platelets in the blood in order to prevent blood clotting. |
| aprepitant | A drug used together with other drugs to prevent and control the nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment |
| adi-peg 20 | A substance being studied in the treatment of melanoma, liver cancer, and other types of cancer |
| intracytoplasmic sperm injection | A lab procedure in which a single sperm is injected through the outer shell of the egg to enable fertilization |
| alvac-cea vaccine | A cancer vaccine containing a canary pox virus (ALVAC) combined with the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene. |
| ovulation | The release of a mature egg from a follicle |
| anti-trail r1-mab | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| anti-vegfr monoclonal antibody | A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| antisense agent | Small pieces of DNA or RNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA |
| arthralgia | Joint pain. |
| areola | The area of dark-colored skin on the breast that surrounds the nipple. |
| arrhenoblastoma | A rare type of ovarian tumor in which the tumor cells secrete a male sex hormone |
| alvocidib | A substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer |
| staging | Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine | A hormone found in the brain, platelets, digestive tract, and pineal gland |
| armd | A condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye) |
| aplidine | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| acetyl-l-carnitine | A form of the natural substance carnitine that is being studied as a way to prevent tissue damage caused by chemotherapy |
| amelanotic melanoma | A type of skin cancer in which the cells do not make the pigment melanin |
| addiction | Uncontrollable craving, seeking, and use of a substance such as a drug or alcohol. |
| aerobic | In biochemistry, reactions that need oxygen to happen or happen when oxygen is present. |
| artery | A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body. |
| aloe-emodin | A substance found in certain plants, including aloe vera |
| anti-cd45 monoclonal antibody | A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| a33 | A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy |
| affinity | In chemistry and biology, the strength of the attaction between two substances, such as two chemicals, or an antigen and an antibody. |
| acute myeloblastic leukemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood |
| alanosine | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| asc-us | Abnormal cells from the outer walls of the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus) |
| adjunct agent | In cancer therapy, a drug or substance used in addition to the primary therapy. |
| antibiotic | A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. |
| prostate cancer | Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum) |
| ancestim | A substance that causes blood stem cells (cells from which other types of cells develop) to change into different types of blood cells and increases the number and actions of these cells in the blood |
| apo-2l | A cell protein that can attach to certain molecules in some cancer cells and may kill the cells |
| adrenal cortex | The outer part of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney) |
| abo blood group system | A system used to group human blood into different types, based on the presence or absence of certain markers on the surface of red blood cells |
| anabolic steroid | A type of steroid that is used in medicine to repair body tissues and to increase appetite and the growth of muscles |
| acitretin | A substance that is used in the prevention of cancer and in the treatment of psoriasis |
| anti-mesothelin monoclonal antibody morab-009 | A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| anus | The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. |
| acute lymphocytic leukemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow |
| 1- uracil | A substance being studied in the treatment of advanced solid tumors and lymphomas |
| asparaginase | A drug that is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is being studied in the treatment of some other types of cancer |
| imaging | In medicine, a process that makes pictures of areas inside the body |
| cell | The individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body |
| alveoli | Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. |
| accelerated-fraction radiation therapy | Radiation treatment in which the total dose of radiation is divided into small doses and the treatments are given more than once a day |
| anterior pelvic exenteration | Surgery to remove the urethra, lower part of the ureters, uterus, cervix, vagina, and bladder. |
| acidity | Refers to the amount of acid in a substance |
| antagonist | In medicine, a substance that stops the action or effect of another substance |
| metastasis | The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another |
| att/rht | An aggressive cancer of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver that occurs in very young children |
| 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate | A substance being studied in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas |
| aspartate transaminase | An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and other tissues |
| amanita phalloides | A type of poisonous mushroom that has harmful effects on the kidneys and liver |
| 17-aag | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| alpha-blocker | A substance that relaxes muscle tissue in blood vessels and in the prostate gland, which improves the flow of urine and blood |
| albinism | A group of genetic conditions marked by little or none of the pigment melanin in the skin, hair, and/or eyes |
| arsenic | A poisonous chemical used to kill weeds and pests |
| anti-trail r2 mab hgs-etr2 | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| adrenalectomy | Surgery to remove one or both adrenal glands (a small organ on top of each kidney). |
| ampulla | A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. |
| cancer | A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues |
| arctiin | A substance found in certain plants, including burdock |
| adrenal gland | A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline |
| antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity | A type of immune reaction in which a target cell or microbe is coated with antibodies and killed by certain types of white blood cells |
| acupoint | A specific spot on the body where an acupuncture needle may be inserted to control pain and other symptoms |
| androgen ablation | A type of hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. |
| arthritis | A disease that causes inflammation and pain in the joints. |
| antiretroviral therapy | Treatment with drugs that inhibit the ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other types of retroviruses to multiply in the body. |
| acromegaly | A condition in which the pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone after normal growth of the skeleton is finished |
| aerobic exercise | Physical activity that increases the heart rate and the body's use of oxygen |
| anxiolytic agent | A drug used to treat symptoms of anxiety, such as feelings of fear, dread, uneasiness, and muscle tightness, that may occur as a reaction to stress |
| attributable risk | Proportion of a disease in exposed individuals that can be attributed to an exposure |
| angelica root | The root of any of a group of herbs called Angelica |
| hysterectomy | A surgical procedure involving the removal of the uterus, and which usually removes the cervix but not necessarily the ovaries and fallopian tubes |
| akt | A group of enzymes involved in several processes related to cell growth and survival |
| atypical lobular hyperplasia | A benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the breast lobules and the cells look abnormal under a microscope |
| autoantibody | An antibody made against substances formed by a person's own body |
| assistive device | A tool that helps a person with a disability to do a certain task |
| atamestane | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| electron beam | A stream of electrons (small negatively charged particles found in atoms) that can be used for radiation therapy |
| fractionation | Dividing the total dose of radiation therapy into several smaller, equal doses delivered over a period of several days |
| adjustment disorder | A condition in which a person responds to a stressful event (such as an illness, job loss, or divorce) with extreme emotions and actions that cause problems at work and home. |
| aberrant crypt foci | Clusters of abnormal tube-like glands in the lining of the colon and rectum |
| azd2171 | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| pharynx | The hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach) |
| amevive | A drug that is used to treat certain skin conditions and is being studied in the treatment of cutaneous (skin-related) T-cell cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| acute nonlymphocytic leukemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood |
| avandia | A drug that helps control the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is being studied in the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer |
| atn-161 | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| asthenia | Weakness; lack of energy and strength. |
| aloxi | A drug used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment |
| appendix | A small, fingerlike pouch that sticks out from the cecum (the first part of the large intestine near the end of the small intestine). |
| ampullary cancer | Cancer that forms in the ampulla of Vater (an enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas where they join and enter the small intestine) |
| antigen-presenting cell vaccine | A vaccine made of antigens and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) |
| axillary lymph node dissection | Surgery to remove lymph nodes found in the armpit region |
| amitriptyline hydrochloride | A drug that is used to treat depression and may be given to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, and pain |
| abegrin | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer and other conditions |
| ashkenazi jews | One of two major ancestral groups of Jewish individuals, comprised of those whose ancestors lived in Eastern Europe (Germany, Poland, Russia) |
| animal-assisted therapy | A type of therapy that uses dogs or other pets to improve the physical and mental health of patients with certain acute or chronic diseases |
| alh | A benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the breast lobules and the cells look abnormal under a microscope |
| ag3340 | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| assay | A laboratory test to find and measure the amount of a specific substance. |
| lh surge | A sudden large release of Luteninizing Hormone from the pituitary glad that culminates in the release of a mature egg from the follicle about 36 hours after the surge begins |
| adh | A benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the lining of breast ducts and the cells look abnormal under a microscope |
| alkalinity | Refers to the amount of alkali |
| astrocyte | A large, star-shaped cell that holds nerve cells in place and helps them develop and work the way they should |
| a6 | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| adjunct therapy | Another treatment used together with the primary treatment |
| anti-tgf-beta monoclonal antibody gc1008 | A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of kidney cancer, melanoma, and pulmonary fibrosis |
| affected | Individuals in a pedigree who exhibit the specific phenotype under study. |
| gonadotropin | The hormones that stimulate the growth of the follicle, i.e |
| aspiration | Removal of fluid or tissue through a needle |
| atypical ductal breast hyperplasia | A benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the lining of breast ducts and the cells look abnormal under a microscope |
| aromatherapy massage | A type of complementary and alternative medicine that uses rubbing and kneading of the skin with plant oils that give off strong, pleasant aromas (smells) to promote relaxation, a sense of well-being, and healing. |
| administration | In medicine, the act of giving a treatment, such as a drug, to a patient |
| ultrasound | A procedure in which high-energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes |
| aminocamptothecin | An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors. |
| ascus | Abnormal cells from the outer walls of the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus) |
| atorvastatin | The active ingredient in a drug used to lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood and to prevent stroke, heart attack, and angina (chest pain) |
| alefacept | A drug that is used to treat certain skin conditions and is being studied in the treatment of cutaneous (skin-related) T-cell cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis | Inflammation of the prostate gland where the only symptom is the presence of white blood cells in the prostate fluid. |
| aorta | The largest artery in the body |
| acn53 | A substance that has been studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| ovarian failure | A condition involving a loss of normal ovarian function in which the ovaries dont produce eggs, so estrogen levels drop and follicle-stimulating hormone levels rise |
| advanced cancer | Cancer that has spread to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment. |
| 4-hydroxytamoxifen | A form of the drug tamoxifen that is made by the body after taking tamoxifen |
| at7519m | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| ovarian cancer | Cancer that forms in tissues of the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed) |
| activate | In biology, to stimulate a cell in a resting state to become active |
| amylase | An enzyme that helps the body digest starches. |
| adrenaline | A hormone and neurotransmitter |
| axillary dissection | Surgery to remove lymph nodes found in the armpit region |
| acetylation | A chemical reaction in which a small molecule called an acetyl group is added to other molecules |
| acetyl-l-carnitine hydrochloride | A form of the natural substance carnitine that is being studied as a way to prevent tissue damage caused by chemotherapy |
| agglutinin | A substance that makes particles (such as bacteria or cells) stick together to form a clump or a mass. |
| acidification | The process of making or becoming an acid |
| animal study | A laboratory experiment using animals to study the development and progression of diseases |
| abdominal ultrasound | A procedure used to examine the organs in the abdomen |
| autologous bone marrow transplantation | A procedure in which bone marrow is removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person after intensive treatment. |
| aortocoronary bypass | Surgery in which a healthy blood vessel taken from another part of the body is used to make a new path for blood around a blocked artery leading to the heart |
| aneuploidy | The occurrence of one or more extra or missing chromosomes leading to an unbalanced chromosome complement, or any chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (which is 46). |
| anhydrovinblastine | An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors. |
| acupressure | The application of pressure or localized massage to specific sites on the body to control symptoms such as pain or nausea |
| antihormone therapy | Treatment with drugs, surgery, or radiation in order to block the production or action of a hormone |
| antimitotic agent | A type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division) |
| avoidance | The act of staying away from people, places, and thoughts that may cause anxiety, pain, or unpleasant feelings |
| agranulocyte | A type of white blood cell |
| 3f8 | A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy |
| abt-263 | A substance being studied in the treatment of lymphomas and other types of cancer |
| amitriptyline | A drug that is used to treat depression and may be given to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, and pain |
| adenosquamous carcinoma | A type of cancer that contains two types of cells: squamous cells (thin, flat cells that line certain organs) and gland-like cells. |
| antiprogestin | A substance that prevents cells from making or using progesterone (a hormone that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy) |
| afp464 | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| antioncogene | A type of gene that makes a protein called a tumor suppressor protein that helps control cell growth |
| anastomosis | A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed. |
| 3-ap | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| aminopterin | An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. |
| apc vaccine | A vaccine made of antigens and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) |
| 5q- syndrome | A rare disorder caused by loss of part of the long arm (Q arm) of human chromosome 5 |
| 852a | A substance being studied in the treatment of certain adult and childhood blood cancers and other types of cancer |
| abt-751 | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| adenosarcoma | A tumor that is a mixture of an adenoma (a tumor that starts in the gland-like cells of epithelial tissue) and a sarcoma (a tumor that starts in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue) |
| aminobenzoic acid | A nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy |
| aeg35156 | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| radiologist | A doctor who specializes in creating and interpreting pictures of areas inside the body |
| angiostatin | A protein normally made by the body |
| actinic keratosis | A thick, scaly patch of skin that may become cancer |
| 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| antisense dna | Small pieces of DNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA and block the cell's ability to use the RNA to make a protein or work in other ways |
| high-dose-rate remote brachytherapy | A type of internal radiation treatment in which the radioactive source is removed between treatments |
| androgen receptor positive | Describes cells that have a protein that binds to androgens (male hormones) |
| alcar | A form of the natural substance carnitine that is being studied as a way to prevent tissue damage caused by chemotherapy |
| arctigenin | A substance found in certain plants, including burdock |
| assistive technology | Any device or technology that helps a disabled person |
| anll | An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood |
| amino acid sequence | One of several molecules that join together to form proteins |
| allograft | The transplant of an organ, tissue, or cells from one individual to another individual of the same species who is not an identical twin. |
| adenosis | A disease or abnormal change in a gland |
| aids-related cancer | A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| anti-il-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody | A chimeric (made from human and mouse proteins) monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of advanced kidney cancer and other types of cancer |
| 2it-bad monoclonal antibody 170 | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| ag2037 | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| anterior mediastinotomy | A procedure in which a tube is inserted into the chest to view the tissues and organs in the area between the lungs and between the breastbone and heart |
| actos | A drug that is used to treat type 2 diabetes and is being studied in the prevention of head and neck cancer |
| atp | A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA |
| alimta | A drug used alone or with another drug to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma |
| aurimmune | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| 5-alpha reductase inhibitor | A substance that blocks an enzyme needed by the body to make dihydrotestosterone (a male sex hormone made from testosterone) |
| actinex | A drug put on the skin to treat growths caused by sun exposure |
| allelic heterogeneity | Different mutations in the same gene that cause different phenotypic manifestations or severity of disease. |
| antimicrotubule agent | A type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division) |
| antiestrogen | A substance that keeps cells from making or using estrogen (a hormone that plays a role in female sex characteristics, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy) |
| 5-ht3 receptor antagonist | A type of drug used to treat certain types of irritable bowel syndrome and relieve nausea and vomiting |
| adrenal medulla | The inner part of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney) |
| antimetabolite | A drug that is very similar to natural chemicals in a normal biochemical reaction in cells but different enough to interfere with the normal division and functions of cells. |
| adenovirus | A group of viruses that cause respiratory tract and eye infections |
| apc8015 | A vaccine made from immune system cells collected from a patient with prostate cancer |
| antigen-presenting cell | Any substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response. |
| amrubicin | A substance being studied in the treatment of lung cancer |
| adjuvant therapy | Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer will come back |
| angiosarcoma | A type of cancer that begins in the cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels |
| aplastic anemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of acute myeloid leukemia in which there are too many immature blood-forming cells in the blood and bone marrow |
| anxiety | Feelings of fear, dread, and uneasiness that may occur as a reaction to stress |
| angiocept | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor | An aggressive cancer of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver that occurs in very young children |
| 9cuab30 | A substance being studied in the treatment and prevention of cancer |
| amiodarone hydrochloride | A drug used to treat certain types of abnormal heart rhythms that have not gotten better with other drugs |
| analgesic | A drug that reduces pain |
| androgen deprivation | Treatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones |
| anticancer antibiotic | A type of anticancer drug that blocks cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells |
| follow-up | Monitoring a person's health over time after treatment |
| afp | A protein normally produced by a fetus |
| anti-idiotype vaccine | A vaccine made of antibodies that see other antibodies as the antigen and bind to it |
| androgen-independent | Describes the ability of tumor cells to grow in the absence of androgens (hormones that promote the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics) |
| autoimmune hemolytic anemia | A condition in which the body's immune system stops red blood cells from forming or causes them to clump together |
| agent study | In cancer prevention, a clinical trial that studies whether taking certain medicines, vitamins, minerals, or food supplements can prevent cancer |
| accelerated radiation therapy | Radiation treatment in which the total dose of radiation is given over a shorter period of time (fewer days) compared to standard radiation therapy. |
| aromatase inhibitor | A drug that prevents the formation of estradiol, a female hormone, by interfering with an aromatase enzyme |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist | A type of drug used to treat certain types of irritable bowel syndrome and relieve nausea and vomiting |
| atypical lobular breast hyperplasia | A benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the breast lobules and the cells look abnormal under a microscope |
| altretamine | An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. |
| action study | In cancer prevention clinical trials, a study that focuses on finding out whether actions people take can prevent cancer. |
| aspirin | A drug that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clotting |
| breast cancer | Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk) |
| antibody | A protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response) |
| avn944 | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| alpha hydroxyl acid | One of a group of substances that are found in several types of fruit and in milk |
| argon beam coagulator ablation | A procedure that destroys tissue with an electrical current passed through a stream of argon gas to the tissue |
| adnexal mass | A lump in tissue near the uterus, usually in the ovary or fallopian tube |
| antithymocyte globulin | A protein used to reduce the risk of or to treat graft-versus-host disease. |
| barrett esophagus | A condition in which the cells lining the lower part of the esophagus have changed or been replaced with abnormal cells that could lead to cancer of the esophagus |
| affinity reagent | In chemistry and biology, a compound that binds specific substances, such as proteins or nucleic acids |
| autosomal dominant | Refers to any of the chromosomes numbered 1-22 or the genes on chromosomes 1-22 |
| at/rt | An aggressive cancer of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver that occurs in very young children |
| angioplasty | A procedure to enlarge the opening in a blood vessel that has become narrowed or blocked by plaque (a buildup of fat and cholesterol on the inner wall of the blood vessel) |
| agc | A term used to describe abnormal cells that come from inside the cervix or from the lining of the uterus |
| adrenocortical carcinoma | A rare cancer that forms in the outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline to control heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions) |
| animal model | An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans |
| axitinib | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| adenocarcinoma | Cancer that begins in cells that line certain internal organs and that have gland-like (secretory) properties. |
| anxiolytic | A drug used to treat symptoms of anxiety, such as feelings of fear, dread, uneasiness, and muscle tightness, that may occur as a reaction to stress |
| active surveillance | Closely monitoring a patient's condition but withholding treatment until symptoms appear or change |
| acupuncture point | A specific spot on the body where an acupuncture needle may be inserted to control pain and other symptoms |
| anal cancer | Cancer that forms in tissues of the anus |
| absolute risk | A measure of the risk of a certain event happening |
| avage | A drug used on the skin to treat several skin conditions |
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow |
| adult rickets | A condition in adults in which bones become soft and deformed because they don't have enough calcium and phosphorus |
| anti-cea antibody | An antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a protein present on certain types of cancer cells. |
| asbestosis | A lung disease caused by breathing in particles of asbestos (a group of minerals that take the form of tiny fibers) |
| adenoid cystic carcinoma | A rare type of cancer that usually begins in the salivary glands. |
| ace inhibitor | A drug that is used to lower blood pressure |
| alopecia | The lack or loss of hair from areas of the body where hair is usually found |
| alkalinization | A chemical that can dissolve in water, combine with acids to form salts, and make acids less acidic |
| 5q minus syndrome | A rare disorder caused by loss of part of the long arm (Q arm) of human chromosome 5 |
| aha | One of a group of substances that are found in several types of fruit and in milk |
| alanine transferase | An enzyme found in the liver and other tissues |
| ambien | A drug used to treat insomnia (inability to sleep), and anxiety |
| antianxiety agent | A drug used to treat symptoms of anxiety, such as feelings of fear, dread, uneasiness, and muscle tightness, that may occur as a reaction to stress |
| aldehyde | A type of chemical substance made from alcohol |
| azt | A drug that inhibits the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS |
| aee788 | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| arginine butyrate | One of the twenty common amino acids (building blocks of proteins) |
| ap5346 | A substance being studied in the treatment of head and neck cancer |
| dna | The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next |
| fertility clinic | A program of fertility specialists offering a range of fertility services, usually including ART. |
| antisense rna | Small pieces of RNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA and block the cell's ability to use the RNA to make a protein or work in other ways |
| androgen suppression | Treatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones |
| anthracenedione | An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called anticancer antibiotics. |
| anatomic | Having to do with anatomy (the study of the structure of a plant or animal). |
| aromatherapy infusion | The process of heating (without boiling) a mixture of water and an essential oil (scented liquid taken from a plant) to release a pleasant aroma |
| anticarcinogenic | Having to do with preventing or delaying the development of cancer. |
| acetylcysteine | A drug usually used to reduce the thickness of mucus and ease its removal |
| stage | The extent of a cancer in the body |
| antituberculosis | Describes a drug or effect that works against tuberculosis (a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs). |
| anastrozole | An anticancer drug that is used to decrease estrogen production and suppress the growth of tumors that need estrogen to grow |
| abt-510 | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| anetholtrithione | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. |
| adrenocortical cancer | A rare cancer that forms in the outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline to control heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions) |
| azacitidine | A drug that is used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes and is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer |
| external-beam radiation therapy | A type of radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer from outside of the body |
| cat scan | A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body taken from different angles |
| trigeminal neuralgia | A nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face |
| dosimetry | Measurement of radiation exposure from x-rays, gamma rays, or other types of radiation used in the treatment or detection of diseases, including cancer |
| adderall | A combination of drugs used as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder) |
| aflibercept | A substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer |
| definitive treatment | The treatment plan for a disease or disorder that has been chosen as the best one for a patient after all other choices have been considered |
| ag-013736 | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| advil | A drug used to treat fever, swelling, pain, and redness by preventing the body from making a substance that causes inflammation |
| anthraquinone | A type of anticancer drug. |
| abiraterone acetate | A substance being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer |
| artificial pacemaker | An electronic device that is implanted in the body to monitor heart rate and rhythm |
| annamycin | A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| azd6244 | A substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer |
| abscess | An enclosed collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces in the body |
| anatomist | A person who specializes in anatomy (the study of the structures of animals or plants). |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | A drug that is used to lower blood pressure |
| astrocytoma | A tumor that begins in the brain or spinal cord in small, star-shaped cells called astrocytes. |
| anti-epcam-pseudomonas-exotoxin fusion protein | A substance being studied in the treatment of certain types of head and neck cancer |
| adcc | A type of immune reaction in which a target cell or microbe is coated with antibodies and killed by certain types of white blood cells |
| 3-d | A graphic display of depth, width, and height |
| egg donation | Process in which eggs from a fertile woman are donated to an infertile woman for use in an ART procedure |
| abdomen | The area of the body that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. |
| acapha | A mixture of six herbs that has been used in China to prevent and treat diseases such as lung and esophageal cancers |
| alpha-adrenergic antagonist | A substance that relaxes muscle tissue in blood vessels and in the prostate gland, which improves the flow of urine and blood |
| apc | A type of immune cell that boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system |
| 3-dimensional | A graphic display of depth, width, and height |
| athymic nude mouse | A type of laboratory mouse that is hairless, lacks a normal thymus gland, and has a defective immune system because of a genetic mutation |
| antineoplastic antibiotic | A type of anticancer drug that blocks cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells |
| ap23573 | A substance being studied in the treatment of soft tissue and bone cancers |
| adenosine triphosphate | A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA |
| aminoglutethimide | An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors |
| 11c topotecan | A substance being studied in the treatment of certain types of cancer, including ovarian cancer and lung cancer |
| alkaloid | A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them |
| antisense c-fos | A substance that has been studied in the treatment of cancer and is being studied in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and certain skin conditions |
| progesterone | An important ovarian hormone that is normally secreted after ovulation and during pregnancy |
| alanine aminopeptidase | An enzyme that is used as a biomarker to detect damage to the kidneys, and that may be used to help diagnose certain kidney disorders |
| anterior urethral cancer | A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the part of the urethra (the tube through which urine leaves the body) that is closest to the outside of the body. |
| anterior mediastinum | In human anatomy, has to do with the front of a structure, or a structure found toward the front of the body. |
| allele | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow |
| ampulla of vater | An enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas at the point where they enter the small intestine. |
| asymptomatic | Having no signs or symptoms of disease. |
| agus | A term that has been used to describe abnormal cells that come from glands in the walls of the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus) |
| acridine carboxamide | A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| androblastoma | A rare type of ovarian tumor in which the tumor cells secrete a male sex hormone |
| laparoscopy | A minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a telescope-like instrument called a laparoscope in inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall to view the inner organs in order to diagnose and sometimes treat suspected reproductive problems |
| acid | A chemical that gives off hydrogen ions in water and forms salts by combining with certain metals |
| antineoplaston | A substance isolated from normal human blood and urine that is being tested as a type of treatment for some tumors and AIDS. |
| adrenal cancer | Cancer that forms in the tissues of the adrenal glands (two glands located just above the kidneys) |
| apheresis | A procedure in which blood is collected, part of the blood such as platelets or white blood cells is taken out, and the rest of the blood is returned to the donor |
| antimicrobial | A substance that kills microorganisms such as bacteria or mold, or stops them from growing and causing disease. |
| aurora kinase inhibitor at9283 | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| adjunctive therapy | Another treatment used together with the primary treatment |
| anzemet | A drug used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment |
| amsacrine | An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors. |
| antiandrogen therapy | A substance that prevents cells from making or using androgens (hormones that play a role in the formation of male sex characteristics) |
| acetylcholine | A chemical made by some types of nerve cells |
| anaplastic large cell lymphoma | A term used to describe cancer cells that divide rapidly and have little or no resemblance to normal cells. |
| acute promyelocytic leukemia | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of acute myeloid leukemia in which there are too many immature blood-forming cells in the blood and bone marrow |
| albumin | A type of protein found in blood, egg white, milk, and other substances. |
| assisted reproductive technology | A term used to describe collectively a number of noncoital methods of conception that are used to treat infertility with donor or nondonor eggs and sperm including in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) |
| at9283 | A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer |
| small cell lung cancer | An aggressive (fast-growing) cancer that forms in tissues of the lung and can spread to other parts of the body |
| radiation | Energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves |
| abt-888 | A substance being studied in the treatment of breast cancers caused by mutations (changes) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes |
| acupuncture needle | The technique of inserting thin needles through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms |
| acupuncture point injection | A procedure in which drugs, vitamins, herbal extracts, or other fluids are injected into the body at an acupuncture point using a syringe and needle. |
| aurotherapy | A procedure that uses gold salts (a salt form of the metal element gold) to treat diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis |
| 3t mri | A procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body |
| anakinra | A substance that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, and is being studied in the treatment of cancer |
| antibody therapy | Treatment with an antibody, a substance that can directly kill specific tumor cells or stimulate the immune system to kill tumor cells. |
| absorption | The process of taking nutrients from the digestive system into the blood so they can be used in the body. |
| alkeran | A drug that is used to treat multiple myeloma and ovarian epithelial cancer and is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer |
| ar+ | Describes cells that have a protein that binds to androgens (male hormones) |
| ag014699 | A substance being studied in the treatment of breast cancers caused by mutations (changes) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes |
| atorvastatin calcium | A drug used to lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood and to prevent stroke, heart attack, and angina (chest pain) |
| androstanolone | A hormone made from testosterone in the prostate, testes, and certain other tissues |
| adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) |
| anticachexia | Describes a drug or effect that works against cachexia (loss of body weight and muscle mass). |
| agonist | A drug that triggers an action from a cell or another drug. |
| bilateral cancer | Cancer that occurs in both paired organs, such as both breasts or both ovaries |
| aap | An enzyme that is used as a biomarker to detect damage to the kidneys, and that may be used to help diagnose certain kidney disorders |
| acf | Clusters of abnormal tube-like glands in the lining of the colon and rectum |
| acne | A disorder of the skin in which oil glands and hair glands become inflamed. |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | A hormone made in the pituitary gland |
| alprostadil | A drug that is used to treat impotence (inability to have an erection) and is being studied in the treatment of sexual problems in men who have had surgery for prostate cancer |
| anatomy | The study of the structure of a plant or animal. |