Glossary extracted starting with manual seeds, with BOW for the domain hel and language EN

amg 706A substance that is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
acetyl groupA small molecule made of two carbon, three hydrogen, and one oxygen atoms
apolizumabA type of monoclonal antibody that is being studied as a treatment for hematologic (blood) cancers
6-hydroxymethylacylfulveneA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
gameteTerm for either a sperm or egg
abx-egfA human monoclonal antibody that is being used to treat colorectal cancer that has spread to other parts of the body
alkylating agentA type of drug that is used in the treatment of cancer
azd0530A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
autologous stem cell transplantationA procedure in which blood-forming stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop) are removed, stored, and later given back to the same person.
antiglobulin testA laboratory test to identify antibodies that can bind to the surface of red blood cells or platelets and destroy them
azqAn anticancer drug that is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and kill cancer cells in the central nervous system
allopurinolA drug that lowers high levels of uric acid (a byproduct of metabolism) in the blood caused by some cancer treatments.
appendectomySurgery to remove the appendix (small finger-shaped pouch at the end of the first part of the large intestine).
autophagyA normal process in which a cell destroys proteins and other substances in its cytoplasm (the fluid inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus), which may lead to cell death
5fu/lvAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used with other types of therapy to treat colorectal cancer
5-fluoro-2-deoxycytidineA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
autoimmune diseaseA condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them.
amlAn aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood
amd 3100A condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye)
aspergillosisAn infectious fungal disease that occurs most often in the skin, ears, nasal sinuses, and lungs of people with suppressed immune systems.
anesthesiologistA doctor who specializes in giving drugs or other agents to prevent or relieve pain during surgery or other procedures being done in the hospital.
alemtuzumabA type of monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of leukemia
allovectin-7A substance that is being studied as a gene therapy agent in the treatment of cancer
atn-224A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicityA type of immune reaction in which a target cell or microbe is coated with antibodies and killed by certain types of white blood cells
aerobic respirationA chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)
ag337A substance that is being studied in the treatment of liver cancer
age-related macular degenerationA condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye)
alpha-fetoproteinA protein normally produced by a fetus
alendronate sodiumA drug used to treat certain bone conditions, such as osteoporosis and Paget disease of the bone
angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphomaAn aggressive (fast-growing) type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma marked by enlarged lymph nodes and hypergammaglobulinemia (increased antibodies in the blood)
aldesleukinA drug used to treat some types of cancer
agnogenic myeloid metaplasiaA progressive, chronic disease in which the bone marrow is replaced by fibrous tissue and blood is made in organs such as the liver and the spleen, instead of in the bone marrow
angiozymeA substance that is being studied in the treatment of kidney cancer
remissionA decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer
allogeneic bone marrow transplantationA procedure in which a person receives stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop) from a genetically similar, but not identical, donor.
adenosquamous carcinomaA type of cancer that contains two types of cells: squamous cells (thin, flat cells that line certain organs) and gland-like cells
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterinA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
ammonium tetrathiomolybdateA substance being studied in the treatment of many types of cancer
arzoxifene hydrochlorideA substance being studied in the treatment of osteoporosis and breast cancer
abt-869A substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer
sinusA cavity, space, or channel in the body
acquired immunodeficiency syndromeA disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
acute myeloid leukemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood
ajcc staging systemA system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer for describing the extent of cancer in a patient's body
amonafideA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
autoimmune enteropathyA rare disease in which certain cells in the intestine are destroyed by a patient's immune system
apc8015fA vaccine made from immune system cells taken from a patient with prostate cancer and frozen for future use
acthA hormone made in the pituitary gland
aspergillusFungi commonly found in soil
amethopterinA drug used to treat some types of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and severe skin conditions, such as psoriasis
autologous bone marrowTaken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA.
amg 162A type of monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of multiple myeloma (a cancer that forms in bones) and in the prevention and treatment of bone metastases (cancer that has spread to bone from another organ)
90y-dota-biotinA compound that contains the radioisotope yttrium Y 90 linked to the chemical biotin
17-n-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycinA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
acupuncturistA person trained in acupuncture (therapy that uses thin needles inserted through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms)
acute myelogenous leukemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood
zygote intrafallopian transferType of Assisted Reproductive Technology in which the early, fertilized eggs are transferred into the woman’s fallopian tubes, rather than into the uterus.
acetaminophenA drug that reduces pain and fever (but not inflammation)
anaplastic thyroid cancerA rare, aggressive type of thyroid cancer in which the malignant (cancer) cells look very different from normal thyroid cells.
apoptosisA type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell leads to its death
avastinA drug used to treat several types of cancer, including certain types of colorectal, lung, breast, and kidney cancers and glioblastoma
actimidA substance being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, and other types of cancer
asbestosA group of minerals that take the form of tiny fibers
abdominoperineal resectionSurgery to remove the anus, the rectum, and part of the sigmoid colon through an incision made in the abdomen
aromatherapyA type of complementary and alternative medicine that uses plant oils that give off strong pleasant aromas (smells) to promote relaxation, a sense of well-being, and healing.
antisense oligonucleotideSmall pieces of DNA or RNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA
adenineA chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA
atypical ductal hyperplasiaA benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the lining of breast ducts and the cells look abnormal under a microscope
3 tesla mriA procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body
autosomal recessiveAutosomal recessive inheritance refers to genetic conditions that occur only when mutations are present in both copies of a given gene (i.e., the person is homozygous for a mutation, or carries two different mutations of the same gene, a state referred to as compound heterozygosity).
ampulla of vater cancerCancer that forms in the ampulla of Vater (an enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas where they join and enter the small intestine)
aerobic metabolismA chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)
augmerosenA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
abarelixA drug used to reduce the amount of testosterone made in patients with advanced symptomatic prostate cancer for which no other treatment options are available
anagrelideA drug that is used to decrease the number of platelets in the blood in order to prevent blood clotting.
aprepitantA drug used together with other drugs to prevent and control the nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment
adi-peg 20A substance being studied in the treatment of melanoma, liver cancer, and other types of cancer
intracytoplasmic sperm injectionA lab procedure in which a single sperm is injected through the outer shell of the egg to enable fertilization
alvac-cea vaccineA cancer vaccine containing a canary pox virus (ALVAC) combined with the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene.
ovulationThe release of a mature egg from a follicle
anti-trail r1-mabA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
anti-vegfr monoclonal antibodyA monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
antisense agentSmall pieces of DNA or RNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA
arthralgiaJoint pain.
areolaThe area of dark-colored skin on the breast that surrounds the nipple.
arrhenoblastomaA rare type of ovarian tumor in which the tumor cells secrete a male sex hormone
alvocidibA substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer
stagingPerforming exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body
5-hydroxytryptamineA hormone found in the brain, platelets, digestive tract, and pineal gland
armdA condition in which there is a slow breakdown of cells in the center of the retina (the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye)
aplidineA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
acetyl-l-carnitineA form of the natural substance carnitine that is being studied as a way to prevent tissue damage caused by chemotherapy
amelanotic melanomaA type of skin cancer in which the cells do not make the pigment melanin
addictionUncontrollable craving, seeking, and use of a substance such as a drug or alcohol.
aerobicIn biochemistry, reactions that need oxygen to happen or happen when oxygen is present.
arteryA blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body.
aloe-emodinA substance found in certain plants, including aloe vera
anti-cd45 monoclonal antibodyA monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
a33A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy
affinityIn chemistry and biology, the strength of the attaction between two substances, such as two chemicals, or an antigen and an antibody.
acute myeloblastic leukemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood
alanosineA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
asc-usAbnormal cells from the outer walls of the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus)
adjunct agentIn cancer therapy, a drug or substance used in addition to the primary therapy.
antibioticA drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms.
prostate cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum)
ancestimA substance that causes blood stem cells (cells from which other types of cells develop) to change into different types of blood cells and increases the number and actions of these cells in the blood
apo-2lA cell protein that can attach to certain molecules in some cancer cells and may kill the cells
adrenal cortexThe outer part of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney)
abo blood group systemA system used to group human blood into different types, based on the presence or absence of certain markers on the surface of red blood cells
anabolic steroidA type of steroid that is used in medicine to repair body tissues and to increase appetite and the growth of muscles
acitretinA substance that is used in the prevention of cancer and in the treatment of psoriasis
anti-mesothelin monoclonal antibody morab-009A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
anusThe opening of the rectum to the outside of the body.
acute lymphocytic leukemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow
1- uracilA substance being studied in the treatment of advanced solid tumors and lymphomas
asparaginaseA drug that is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is being studied in the treatment of some other types of cancer
imagingIn medicine, a process that makes pictures of areas inside the body
cellThe individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body
alveoliTiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs.
accelerated-fraction radiation therapyRadiation treatment in which the total dose of radiation is divided into small doses and the treatments are given more than once a day
anterior pelvic exenterationSurgery to remove the urethra, lower part of the ureters, uterus, cervix, vagina, and bladder.
acidityRefers to the amount of acid in a substance
antagonistIn medicine, a substance that stops the action or effect of another substance
metastasisThe spread of cancer from one part of the body to another
att/rhtAn aggressive cancer of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver that occurs in very young children
12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetateA substance being studied in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas
aspartate transaminaseAn enzyme found in the liver, heart, and other tissues
amanita phalloidesA type of poisonous mushroom that has harmful effects on the kidneys and liver
17-aagA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
alpha-blockerA substance that relaxes muscle tissue in blood vessels and in the prostate gland, which improves the flow of urine and blood
albinismA group of genetic conditions marked by little or none of the pigment melanin in the skin, hair, and/or eyes
arsenicA poisonous chemical used to kill weeds and pests
anti-trail r2 mab hgs-etr2A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
adrenalectomySurgery to remove one or both adrenal glands (a small organ on top of each kidney).
ampullaA sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct.
cancerA term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues
arctiinA substance found in certain plants, including burdock
adrenal glandA small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicityA type of immune reaction in which a target cell or microbe is coated with antibodies and killed by certain types of white blood cells
acupointA specific spot on the body where an acupuncture needle may be inserted to control pain and other symptoms
androgen ablationA type of hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics.
arthritisA disease that causes inflammation and pain in the joints.
antiretroviral therapyTreatment with drugs that inhibit the ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other types of retroviruses to multiply in the body.
acromegalyA condition in which the pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone after normal growth of the skeleton is finished
aerobic exercisePhysical activity that increases the heart rate and the body's use of oxygen
anxiolytic agentA drug used to treat symptoms of anxiety, such as feelings of fear, dread, uneasiness, and muscle tightness, that may occur as a reaction to stress
attributable riskProportion of a disease in exposed individuals that can be attributed to an exposure
angelica rootThe root of any of a group of herbs called Angelica
hysterectomyA surgical procedure involving the removal of the uterus, and which usually removes the cervix but not necessarily the ovaries and fallopian tubes
aktA group of enzymes involved in several processes related to cell growth and survival
atypical lobular hyperplasiaA benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the breast lobules and the cells look abnormal under a microscope
autoantibodyAn antibody made against substances formed by a person's own body
assistive deviceA tool that helps a person with a disability to do a certain task
atamestaneA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
electron beamA stream of electrons (small negatively charged particles found in atoms) that can be used for radiation therapy
fractionationDividing the total dose of radiation therapy into several smaller, equal doses delivered over a period of several days
adjustment disorderA condition in which a person responds to a stressful event (such as an illness, job loss, or divorce) with extreme emotions and actions that cause problems at work and home.
aberrant crypt fociClusters of abnormal tube-like glands in the lining of the colon and rectum
azd2171A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
pharynxThe hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach)
ameviveA drug that is used to treat certain skin conditions and is being studied in the treatment of cutaneous (skin-related) T-cell cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
acute nonlymphocytic leukemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood
avandiaA drug that helps control the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is being studied in the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer
atn-161A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
astheniaWeakness; lack of energy and strength.
aloxiA drug used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment
appendixA small, fingerlike pouch that sticks out from the cecum (the first part of the large intestine near the end of the small intestine).
ampullary cancerCancer that forms in the ampulla of Vater (an enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas where they join and enter the small intestine)
antigen-presenting cell vaccineA vaccine made of antigens and antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
axillary lymph node dissectionSurgery to remove lymph nodes found in the armpit region
amitriptyline hydrochlorideA drug that is used to treat depression and may be given to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, and pain
abegrinA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer and other conditions
ashkenazi jewsOne of two major ancestral groups of Jewish individuals, comprised of those whose ancestors lived in Eastern Europe (Germany, Poland, Russia)
animal-assisted therapyA type of therapy that uses dogs or other pets to improve the physical and mental health of patients with certain acute or chronic diseases
alhA benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the breast lobules and the cells look abnormal under a microscope
ag3340A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
assayA laboratory test to find and measure the amount of a specific substance.
lh surgeA sudden large release of Luteninizing Hormone from the pituitary glad that culminates in the release of a mature egg from the follicle about 36 hours after the surge begins
adhA benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the lining of breast ducts and the cells look abnormal under a microscope
alkalinityRefers to the amount of alkali
astrocyteA large, star-shaped cell that holds nerve cells in place and helps them develop and work the way they should
a6A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
adjunct therapyAnother treatment used together with the primary treatment
anti-tgf-beta monoclonal antibody gc1008A monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of kidney cancer, melanoma, and pulmonary fibrosis
affectedIndividuals in a pedigree who exhibit the specific phenotype under study.
gonadotropinThe hormones that stimulate the growth of the follicle, i.e
aspirationRemoval of fluid or tissue through a needle
atypical ductal breast hyperplasiaA benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the lining of breast ducts and the cells look abnormal under a microscope
aromatherapy massageA type of complementary and alternative medicine that uses rubbing and kneading of the skin with plant oils that give off strong, pleasant aromas (smells) to promote relaxation, a sense of well-being, and healing.
administrationIn medicine, the act of giving a treatment, such as a drug, to a patient
ultrasoundA procedure in which high-energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes
aminocamptothecinAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors.
ascusAbnormal cells from the outer walls of the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus)
atorvastatinThe active ingredient in a drug used to lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood and to prevent stroke, heart attack, and angina (chest pain)
alefaceptA drug that is used to treat certain skin conditions and is being studied in the treatment of cutaneous (skin-related) T-cell cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitisInflammation of the prostate gland where the only symptom is the presence of white blood cells in the prostate fluid.
aortaThe largest artery in the body
acn53A substance that has been studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
ovarian failureA condition involving a loss of normal ovarian function in which the ovaries dont produce eggs, so estrogen levels drop and follicle-stimulating hormone levels rise
advanced cancerCancer that has spread to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment.
4-hydroxytamoxifenA form of the drug tamoxifen that is made by the body after taking tamoxifen
at7519mA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
ovarian cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed)
activateIn biology, to stimulate a cell in a resting state to become active
amylaseAn enzyme that helps the body digest starches.
adrenalineA hormone and neurotransmitter
axillary dissectionSurgery to remove lymph nodes found in the armpit region
acetylationA chemical reaction in which a small molecule called an acetyl group is added to other molecules
acetyl-l-carnitine hydrochlorideA form of the natural substance carnitine that is being studied as a way to prevent tissue damage caused by chemotherapy
agglutininA substance that makes particles (such as bacteria or cells) stick together to form a clump or a mass.
acidificationThe process of making or becoming an acid
animal studyA laboratory experiment using animals to study the development and progression of diseases
abdominal ultrasoundA procedure used to examine the organs in the abdomen
autologous bone marrow transplantationA procedure in which bone marrow is removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person after intensive treatment.
aortocoronary bypassSurgery in which a healthy blood vessel taken from another part of the body is used to make a new path for blood around a blocked artery leading to the heart
aneuploidyThe occurrence of one or more extra or missing chromosomes leading to an unbalanced chromosome complement, or any chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (which is 46).
anhydrovinblastineAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors.
acupressureThe application of pressure or localized massage to specific sites on the body to control symptoms such as pain or nausea
antihormone therapyTreatment with drugs, surgery, or radiation in order to block the production or action of a hormone
antimitotic agentA type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division)
avoidanceThe act of staying away from people, places, and thoughts that may cause anxiety, pain, or unpleasant feelings
agranulocyteA type of white blood cell
3f8A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy
abt-263A substance being studied in the treatment of lymphomas and other types of cancer
amitriptylineA drug that is used to treat depression and may be given to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, and pain
adenosquamous carcinomaA type of cancer that contains two types of cells: squamous cells (thin, flat cells that line certain organs) and gland-like cells.
antiprogestinA substance that prevents cells from making or using progesterone (a hormone that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy)
afp464A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
antioncogeneA type of gene that makes a protein called a tumor suppressor protein that helps control cell growth
anastomosisA procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed.
3-apA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
aminopterinAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.
apc vaccineA vaccine made of antigens and antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
5q- syndromeA rare disorder caused by loss of part of the long arm (Q arm) of human chromosome 5
852aA substance being studied in the treatment of certain adult and childhood blood cancers and other types of cancer
abt-751A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
adenosarcomaA tumor that is a mixture of an adenoma (a tumor that starts in the gland-like cells of epithelial tissue) and a sarcoma (a tumor that starts in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue)
aminobenzoic acidA nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy
aeg35156A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
radiologistA doctor who specializes in creating and interpreting pictures of areas inside the body
angiostatinA protein normally made by the body
actinic keratosisA thick, scaly patch of skin that may become cancer
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazoneA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
antisense dnaSmall pieces of DNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA and block the cell's ability to use the RNA to make a protein or work in other ways
high-dose-rate remote brachytherapyA type of internal radiation treatment in which the radioactive source is removed between treatments
androgen receptor positiveDescribes cells that have a protein that binds to androgens (male hormones)
alcarA form of the natural substance carnitine that is being studied as a way to prevent tissue damage caused by chemotherapy
arctigeninA substance found in certain plants, including burdock
assistive technologyAny device or technology that helps a disabled person
anllAn aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood
amino acid sequenceOne of several molecules that join together to form proteins
allograftThe transplant of an organ, tissue, or cells from one individual to another individual of the same species who is not an identical twin.
adenosisA disease or abnormal change in a gland
aids-related cancerA disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
anti-il-6 chimeric monoclonal antibodyA chimeric (made from human and mouse proteins) monoclonal antibody being studied in the treatment of advanced kidney cancer and other types of cancer
2it-bad monoclonal antibody 170A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
ag2037A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
anterior mediastinotomyA procedure in which a tube is inserted into the chest to view the tissues and organs in the area between the lungs and between the breastbone and heart
actosA drug that is used to treat type 2 diabetes and is being studied in the prevention of head and neck cancer
atpA substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA
alimtaA drug used alone or with another drug to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma
aurimmuneA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
5-alpha reductase inhibitorA substance that blocks an enzyme needed by the body to make dihydrotestosterone (a male sex hormone made from testosterone)
actinexA drug put on the skin to treat growths caused by sun exposure
allelic heterogeneityDifferent mutations in the same gene that cause different phenotypic manifestations or severity of disease.
antimicrotubule agentA type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division)
antiestrogenA substance that keeps cells from making or using estrogen (a hormone that plays a role in female sex characteristics, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy)
5-ht3 receptor antagonistA type of drug used to treat certain types of irritable bowel syndrome and relieve nausea and vomiting
adrenal medullaThe inner part of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney)
antimetaboliteA drug that is very similar to natural chemicals in a normal biochemical reaction in cells but different enough to interfere with the normal division and functions of cells.
adenovirusA group of viruses that cause respiratory tract and eye infections
apc8015A vaccine made from immune system cells collected from a patient with prostate cancer
antigen-presenting cellAny substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response.
amrubicinA substance being studied in the treatment of lung cancer
adjuvant therapyAdditional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer will come back
angiosarcomaA type of cancer that begins in the cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels
aplastic anemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) type of acute myeloid leukemia in which there are too many immature blood-forming cells in the blood and bone marrow
anxietyFeelings of fear, dread, and uneasiness that may occur as a reaction to stress
angioceptA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumorAn aggressive cancer of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver that occurs in very young children
9cuab30A substance being studied in the treatment and prevention of cancer
amiodarone hydrochlorideA drug used to treat certain types of abnormal heart rhythms that have not gotten better with other drugs
analgesicA drug that reduces pain
androgen deprivationTreatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones
anticancer antibioticA type of anticancer drug that blocks cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells
follow-upMonitoring a person's health over time after treatment
afpA protein normally produced by a fetus
anti-idiotype vaccineA vaccine made of antibodies that see other antibodies as the antigen and bind to it
androgen-independentDescribes the ability of tumor cells to grow in the absence of androgens (hormones that promote the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics)
autoimmune hemolytic anemiaA condition in which the body's immune system stops red blood cells from forming or causes them to clump together
agent studyIn cancer prevention, a clinical trial that studies whether taking certain medicines, vitamins, minerals, or food supplements can prevent cancer
accelerated radiation therapyRadiation treatment in which the total dose of radiation is given over a shorter period of time (fewer days) compared to standard radiation therapy.
aromatase inhibitorA drug that prevents the formation of estradiol, a female hormone, by interfering with an aromatase enzyme
5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonistA type of drug used to treat certain types of irritable bowel syndrome and relieve nausea and vomiting
atypical lobular breast hyperplasiaA benign (not cancer) condition in which there are more cells than normal in the breast lobules and the cells look abnormal under a microscope
altretamineAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
action studyIn cancer prevention clinical trials, a study that focuses on finding out whether actions people take can prevent cancer.
aspirinA drug that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clotting
breast cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk)
antibodyA protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response)
avn944A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
alpha hydroxyl acidOne of a group of substances that are found in several types of fruit and in milk
argon beam coagulator ablationA procedure that destroys tissue with an electrical current passed through a stream of argon gas to the tissue
adnexal massA lump in tissue near the uterus, usually in the ovary or fallopian tube
antithymocyte globulinA protein used to reduce the risk of or to treat graft-versus-host disease.
barrett esophagusA condition in which the cells lining the lower part of the esophagus have changed or been replaced with abnormal cells that could lead to cancer of the esophagus
affinity reagentIn chemistry and biology, a compound that binds specific substances, such as proteins or nucleic acids
autosomal dominantRefers to any of the chromosomes numbered 1-22 or the genes on chromosomes 1-22
at/rtAn aggressive cancer of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver that occurs in very young children
angioplastyA procedure to enlarge the opening in a blood vessel that has become narrowed or blocked by plaque (a buildup of fat and cholesterol on the inner wall of the blood vessel)
agcA term used to describe abnormal cells that come from inside the cervix or from the lining of the uterus
adrenocortical carcinomaA rare cancer that forms in the outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline to control heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions)
animal modelAn animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans
axitinibA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
adenocarcinomaCancer that begins in cells that line certain internal organs and that have gland-like (secretory) properties.
anxiolyticA drug used to treat symptoms of anxiety, such as feelings of fear, dread, uneasiness, and muscle tightness, that may occur as a reaction to stress
active surveillanceClosely monitoring a patient's condition but withholding treatment until symptoms appear or change
acupuncture pointA specific spot on the body where an acupuncture needle may be inserted to control pain and other symptoms
anal cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the anus
absolute riskA measure of the risk of a certain event happening
avageA drug used on the skin to treat several skin conditions
acute lymphoblastic leukemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow
adult ricketsA condition in adults in which bones become soft and deformed because they don't have enough calcium and phosphorus
anti-cea antibodyAn antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a protein present on certain types of cancer cells.
asbestosisA lung disease caused by breathing in particles of asbestos (a group of minerals that take the form of tiny fibers)
adenoid cystic carcinomaA rare type of cancer that usually begins in the salivary glands.
ace inhibitorA drug that is used to lower blood pressure
alopeciaThe lack or loss of hair from areas of the body where hair is usually found
alkalinizationA chemical that can dissolve in water, combine with acids to form salts, and make acids less acidic
5q minus syndromeA rare disorder caused by loss of part of the long arm (Q arm) of human chromosome 5
ahaOne of a group of substances that are found in several types of fruit and in milk
alanine transferaseAn enzyme found in the liver and other tissues
ambienA drug used to treat insomnia (inability to sleep), and anxiety
antianxiety agentA drug used to treat symptoms of anxiety, such as feelings of fear, dread, uneasiness, and muscle tightness, that may occur as a reaction to stress
aldehydeA type of chemical substance made from alcohol
aztA drug that inhibits the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS
aee788A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
arginine butyrateOne of the twenty common amino acids (building blocks of proteins)
ap5346A substance being studied in the treatment of head and neck cancer
dnaThe molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next
fertility clinicA program of fertility specialists offering a range of fertility services, usually including ART.
antisense rnaSmall pieces of RNA that can bind to specific molecules of RNA and block the cell's ability to use the RNA to make a protein or work in other ways
androgen suppressionTreatment to suppress or block the production or action of male hormones
anthracenedioneAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called anticancer antibiotics.
anatomicHaving to do with anatomy (the study of the structure of a plant or animal).
aromatherapy infusionThe process of heating (without boiling) a mixture of water and an essential oil (scented liquid taken from a plant) to release a pleasant aroma
anticarcinogenicHaving to do with preventing or delaying the development of cancer.
acetylcysteineA drug usually used to reduce the thickness of mucus and ease its removal
stageThe extent of a cancer in the body
antituberculosisDescribes a drug or effect that works against tuberculosis (a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs).
anastrozoleAn anticancer drug that is used to decrease estrogen production and suppress the growth of tumors that need estrogen to grow
abt-510A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
anetholtrithioneA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer.
adrenocortical cancerA rare cancer that forms in the outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland (a small organ on top of each kidney that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline to control heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions)
azacitidineA drug that is used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes and is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer
external-beam radiation therapyA type of radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer from outside of the body
cat scanA series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body taken from different angles
trigeminal neuralgiaA nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face
dosimetryMeasurement of radiation exposure from x-rays, gamma rays, or other types of radiation used in the treatment or detection of diseases, including cancer
adderallA combination of drugs used as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder)
afliberceptA substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer
definitive treatmentThe treatment plan for a disease or disorder that has been chosen as the best one for a patient after all other choices have been considered
ag-013736A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
advilA drug used to treat fever, swelling, pain, and redness by preventing the body from making a substance that causes inflammation
anthraquinoneA type of anticancer drug.
abiraterone acetateA substance being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer
artificial pacemakerAn electronic device that is implanted in the body to monitor heart rate and rhythm
annamycinA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer
azd6244A substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer
abscessAn enclosed collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces in the body
anatomistA person who specializes in anatomy (the study of the structures of animals or plants).
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorA drug that is used to lower blood pressure
astrocytomaA tumor that begins in the brain or spinal cord in small, star-shaped cells called astrocytes.
anti-epcam-pseudomonas-exotoxin fusion proteinA substance being studied in the treatment of certain types of head and neck cancer
adccA type of immune reaction in which a target cell or microbe is coated with antibodies and killed by certain types of white blood cells
3-dA graphic display of depth, width, and height
egg donationProcess in which eggs from a fertile woman are donated to an infertile woman for use in an ART procedure
abdomenThe area of the body that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs.
acaphaA mixture of six herbs that has been used in China to prevent and treat diseases such as lung and esophageal cancers
alpha-adrenergic antagonistA substance that relaxes muscle tissue in blood vessels and in the prostate gland, which improves the flow of urine and blood
apcA type of immune cell that boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system
3-dimensionalA graphic display of depth, width, and height
athymic nude mouseA type of laboratory mouse that is hairless, lacks a normal thymus gland, and has a defective immune system because of a genetic mutation
antineoplastic antibioticA type of anticancer drug that blocks cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells
ap23573A substance being studied in the treatment of soft tissue and bone cancers
adenosine triphosphateA substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA
aminoglutethimideAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors
11c topotecanA substance being studied in the treatment of certain types of cancer, including ovarian cancer and lung cancer
alkaloidA member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them
antisense c-fosA substance that has been studied in the treatment of cancer and is being studied in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and certain skin conditions
progesteroneAn important ovarian hormone that is normally secreted after ovulation and during pregnancy
alanine aminopeptidaseAn enzyme that is used as a biomarker to detect damage to the kidneys, and that may be used to help diagnose certain kidney disorders
anterior urethral cancerA disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the part of the urethra (the tube through which urine leaves the body) that is closest to the outside of the body.
anterior mediastinumIn human anatomy, has to do with the front of a structure, or a structure found toward the front of the body.
alleleAn aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow
ampulla of vaterAn enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas at the point where they enter the small intestine.
asymptomaticHaving no signs or symptoms of disease.
agusA term that has been used to describe abnormal cells that come from glands in the walls of the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus)
acridine carboxamideA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer
androblastomaA rare type of ovarian tumor in which the tumor cells secrete a male sex hormone
laparoscopyA minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a telescope-like instrument called a laparoscope in inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall to view the inner organs in order to diagnose and sometimes treat suspected reproductive problems
acidA chemical that gives off hydrogen ions in water and forms salts by combining with certain metals
antineoplastonA substance isolated from normal human blood and urine that is being tested as a type of treatment for some tumors and AIDS.
adrenal cancerCancer that forms in the tissues of the adrenal glands (two glands located just above the kidneys)
apheresisA procedure in which blood is collected, part of the blood such as platelets or white blood cells is taken out, and the rest of the blood is returned to the donor
antimicrobialA substance that kills microorganisms such as bacteria or mold, or stops them from growing and causing disease.
aurora kinase inhibitor at9283A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
adjunctive therapyAnother treatment used together with the primary treatment
anzemetA drug used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment
amsacrineAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors.
antiandrogen therapyA substance that prevents cells from making or using androgens (hormones that play a role in the formation of male sex characteristics)
acetylcholineA chemical made by some types of nerve cells
anaplastic large cell lymphomaA term used to describe cancer cells that divide rapidly and have little or no resemblance to normal cells.
acute promyelocytic leukemiaAn aggressive (fast-growing) type of acute myeloid leukemia in which there are too many immature blood-forming cells in the blood and bone marrow
albuminA type of protein found in blood, egg white, milk, and other substances.
assisted reproductive technologyA term used to describe collectively a number of noncoital methods of conception that are used to treat infertility with donor or nondonor eggs and sperm including in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
at9283A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer
small cell lung cancerAn aggressive (fast-growing) cancer that forms in tissues of the lung and can spread to other parts of the body
radiationEnergy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves
abt-888A substance being studied in the treatment of breast cancers caused by mutations (changes) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
acupuncture needleThe technique of inserting thin needles through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms
acupuncture point injectionA procedure in which drugs, vitamins, herbal extracts, or other fluids are injected into the body at an acupuncture point using a syringe and needle.
aurotherapyA procedure that uses gold salts (a salt form of the metal element gold) to treat diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis
3t mriA procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body
anakinraA substance that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, and is being studied in the treatment of cancer
antibody therapyTreatment with an antibody, a substance that can directly kill specific tumor cells or stimulate the immune system to kill tumor cells.
absorptionThe process of taking nutrients from the digestive system into the blood so they can be used in the body.
alkeranA drug that is used to treat multiple myeloma and ovarian epithelial cancer and is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer
ar+Describes cells that have a protein that binds to androgens (male hormones)
ag014699A substance being studied in the treatment of breast cancers caused by mutations (changes) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
atorvastatin calciumA drug used to lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood and to prevent stroke, heart attack, and angina (chest pain)
androstanoloneA hormone made from testosterone in the prostate, testes, and certain other tissues
adult t-cell leukemia/lymphomaAn aggressive (fast-growing) type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
anticachexiaDescribes a drug or effect that works against cachexia (loss of body weight and muscle mass).
agonistA drug that triggers an action from a cell or another drug.
bilateral cancerCancer that occurs in both paired organs, such as both breasts or both ovaries
aapAn enzyme that is used as a biomarker to detect damage to the kidneys, and that may be used to help diagnose certain kidney disorders
acfClusters of abnormal tube-like glands in the lining of the colon and rectum
acneA disorder of the skin in which oil glands and hair glands become inflamed.
adrenocorticotropic hormoneA hormone made in the pituitary gland
alprostadilA drug that is used to treat impotence (inability to have an erection) and is being studied in the treatment of sexual problems in men who have had surgery for prostate cancer
anatomyThe study of the structure of a plant or animal.