Glossary extracted starting with manual seeds, with PTM for the domain che and language EN

chopped strands	Short strands cut from continuous filament strands of reinforcing fibre, not held together by any means.
compression lines	Densification of polyurethane foam blocks due to bending fresh material at very acute or very obtuse angles
caul plates	Smooth metal, plastic, or rubber plates free of surface defects, used in contact with the lay-up during the curing process to transmit normal pressure and provide a smooth surface on the finished part
head	Short for Mixing Head.
mixing chamber	The section of a mixing head in which the final
inorganic chemistry	the study of chemical elements and compounds except for carbon.
stress crack	An internal and/or external fissure caused by tensile stresses to a part.
component	A separately metered stream of liquid or solid that will be introduced into the mixing head.
rough dimension	The dimension of the part after specific ripping
glass	An inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing.
stringiness	The property of an adhesive that results in the formation of filaments or threads when adhesive transfer surfaces are separated.
side conveyors	Conveyors that are used as moving sidewalls on a continuous slab process conveyor
sink mark	A depression on the surface of a moulding, usually caused by local internal shrinkage associated with variation in thickness.
shrinkage	Relative change in dimension between the length measured on the tool when it is cold and the length measured 24 hours after it has been removed.
cps	The abbreviation for cycles per second
tannin	The chemical in wood that gives it its color
pultrusion	Continuous process for manufacturing composite rods, tubes and other linear structures that have constant cross-sections
dot	Department of Transportation (U.S.).
epa	Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.).
shiners	An ambiguous word used sometimes to describe cratering and sometimes to describe windows.
drape	The ability of pre-impregnated broad goods to conform to an irregular shape; textile conformity
tensile elongation	Engineering term referring to the amount of stretch a sample experiences during tensile stress.
moisture absorption	Pickup of water vapor from the air by a material
solvent resistance	A term which refers to the durability of material exposed to solvent
composite	A material created from a fiber (or reinforcement) and an appropriate matrix material in order to maximize specific performance properties
open time	Alternate term for assembly time; the time period from the application of the adhesive until the final application of pressure.
urethanes	Petroleum-derived chemical used to produce plastic foams.
smoke suppressant	Particulate inorganic and/or organic materials used to reduce the amount of smoke or to slow down the rate of smoke production in burning.
oleophobic	Oil shedding.
psoc cycling	The battery routinely operates in a Partial State of Charge (i.e
filler	A relatively inert substance added to a material to alter its physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and other properties or to lower cost or density
polymerase	An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates, such as assembling RNA from ribonucleotides or DNA from deoxyribonucleotides.
temperature indicator	That portion of a temperature sensing device that displays the information on a dial or meter.
thermoplastic	A material capable of melting at elevated temperatures without degradation and regaining its original properties after further processing and re-cooling.
tsca	Toxic Substance Control Act
hysteresis	This is a measure of the energy lost or absorbed by a foam when subjected to deflection
piston	A disc which fits tightly into the back of a cartridge against its content.
binder	An adhesive substance, usually of liquid or molten form, used to create adhesion between aggregates, globules, etc
calorie	A thermal unit
r factor	Thickness in inches divided by k Factor in (BTU - in) / (hr - ft• - °F); used to determine effect of thickness on the ability of a material to provide insulation
wetting	The coating of a substrate surface with an adhesive.
olein	The liquid fraction of oil remaining after removing solid fraction from a cooled oil or fat.
california technical bulletin 117	California Bureau of Home Furnishings test methods and requirements for open flame and cigarette resistant materials used in residential upholstered furniture construction
twist	Measure of the number of turns per unit length that a fiber bundle makes around its axis
hand	A subjective description of the feel of the foam as the hand is rubbed lightly on the surface of the foam
even tension	the process whereby each end of roving is kept in the same degree of tension as the other ends making up the ball of roving
bias fabric	Warp and fill fibers placed at an angle to the length of the fabric.
self-vulcanizing	Pertaining to an adhesive that undergoes vulcanization without the application of heat.
composite material	Chemical or mechanical joining of dissimilar materials such as glass fiber and polyester resin, whose cumulative properties are superior to the individual materials.
yield strength	Stress at the yield point
resistivity	The ability of a material to resist passage of electrical current either through its bulk or on a surface
shelf life	Length of time a material can be stored and continue to meet specification requirements, remaining suitable for its intended use
cell size	A term which refers to the average diameter of the pores (bubbles) in the filial foam product
knit lines	Lines describing where at least two advancing foam fronts have met during lay down of foaming mix
internal mix	The practice of mixing the various components inside a mixing chamber or housing and then discharging the mixture through one or more discharge ports
reticulated foam	Flexible polyurethane foams characterized by a three-dimensional skeletal structure with few or no membranes between strands
prepreg	A factory-made combination of reactive resins and reinforcing fibres, plus other necessary additive chemicals, ready to be moulded
pneumatic drive	A term better known as air drive or air actuated
air metering device	A term which refers usually to a precision air bleed regulating system
balanced construction	A plywood construction in which construction on one side of the panel is similar or identical to the other side.
percent set test	See compression set.
wood failure	The rupturing of wood fibers in strength tests on bonded specimens, usually expressed as the percentage of the total area involved which shows such failure.
quality control	Monitoring and controlling the usefulness of the end product.
afi filter tester	Air Filtration Institute test equipment utilized to evaluate a filter media such as reticulated polyurethane foam for its ability to filter particles from a moving air stream
static	Buildup of an electrical charge causing the chopper roving to "cling" or stick to the chopper, line and/or people
deaerating	Removal of dissolved and entrained air from bleached oils by subjecting the heated oil to vacuum
matched metal molding	See compression molding.
compression load deflection	See CFD
one-third octave band	Frequency ranges where each octave is divided into one-third octaves with the upper frequency limit being 2 1/3 (1.26) times the lower frequency
vehicle	The liquid component of a material.
ph	A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with neutrality represented by a value of 7, with increasing acidity corresponding to progressively smaller values, and increasing alkalinity corresponding to progressively higher values.
elongation	As mentioned under tensile modulus, when a test specimen is pulled it gets longer
tex	A unit for expressing linear density, equal to the mass in grams of 1 kilometer of yarn, filament, fiber or other textile strand
closed cell	A cell enclosed by its walls and therefore not connected to other cells.
fracture toughness	The damage tolerance of a material containing initial flaws or cracks
decarboxylation	the removal of a carboxyl (-COOH) group from a compound
hard butter	A generic term used primarily in the confectionary industry to describe a class of fats with physical characteristics similar to those of cocoa butter or dairy butter.
radiant energy	Energy which is transmitted away from its source, for example, energy that is emitted when electrons transition down from one level to another.
core depression	A gouge or indentation in the core material.
computer aided design	The use of a computer to develop the design of a product to be manufactured
coefficient of thermal expansion	A material's fractional change in length or volume for a given unit change of temperature.
creel	A device for holding the required number of roving spools or other supply packages of reinforcement in the desired position for unwinding.
gastroenteritis	stomach and intestine inflammation.
absorption	A process in which one material (the absorbent) takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate).
twist	A condition of longitudinal progressive rotation found in pultruded parts.
even tension	Applying the same amount of tension to each end of roving in a ball, or to each tow in a creel.
flowmeter	A flow indicating device usually consisting of a glass tube containing a float which rises or falls in response to variations in flow of a fluid through the tube
teratogen	An material or agent causing physical defects in a developing embryo or fetus.
tlv	Threshold Limit Value set by the ACGIH.
cas number	Chemical Abstracts Service
break	Failure of an adhesively bonded assembly when subjected to excessive loads and/or hostile environmental conditions, such as exposure to excessively high or low temperatures, aggressive solvents, etc; failures can also occur as the results of inadequate joint design or contamination of the surfaces to be bonded by oils, grease, particulates and so on
consistency	The property of a liquid adhesive by virtue of which it tends to resist deformation.
room temperature ambient	1) an environmental condition of 73±5ƒF (23±3ƒC) at ambient laboratory relative humidity; 2) a material condition where, immediately following consolidation/cure, the material is stored at 73±5ƒF (23±3ƒC) and at a maximum relative humidity of 60%.
moisture absorption	The pickup of water vapor from the air by an adhesive
kilo-	Prefix meaning one thousand (K).
salt	When you mix an acid and a base, the ionic compounds dissociate
sound transmission loss	A logarithmicration of the sound power incident on one side of a partition to the sound power transmitted on the other side.
x	Variable for Electrical Reactance (opposition to the flow of alternating current).
fiber placement	Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) is traditionally differentiated from Tape Laying by considering the process to utilize a plethora of narrow, individual slit tapes or tows to make up a given total prepreg band width
inheritance	The features of an organism are determined by a set of chromosomes. These originate in the parents and are passed on to an offspring during fertilisation
fiber content	The amount of fiber present in a composite. This is usually expressed as a percentage volume fraction or weight fraction of the composite.
temperature indicator-controller	A combination of temperature sensing element, temperature display and thermostat
angle of foam rise	A term which refers to the angle formed between the rising foam front and the moving surface from which it is rising on a continuous slab process
elongation	The increase in length of a material
hard spots	A term which refers to the firm high density areas formed in a molded object when packing is excessive or poor distribution occurs
molding	The forming of a polymer or composite into a solid mass of prescribed shape and size
sandwich construction	A composite composed of lightweight core material (usually honeycomb or foamed plastic) to which two relatively thin, dense, high strength, functional, or decorative skins (also called faces) are adhered.
accelerated test	Any test procedure where specified conditions are intensified to theoretically reduce the time required to obtain a given property deterioration
application	A term sometimes used as a noun in describing the practical use of a particular formulation or piece of equipment
out of control	Term used in SPC when a process shows non-random variation, usually with an assignable cause.
splice	The joining of two ends of glass fiber roving or mat.
carbon dioxide	(CO2) a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by respiration and combustion of carbon-based fuels.
batch	A quantity of material formed during the same process and having identical characteristics.
pressure drop	A measure of how much resistance to flow a filter can have without affecting the amount of air needed, usually measured in inches of water
resin starved area	Area of composite part where the resin has a non-continuous smooth coverage of the fiber.
stripping	The removal of undesirable substance from a surface by abrasive or chemical action.
special degumming	Acid Degumming enhanced by caustic addition after adding acid. Term invented by Alfa Laval, Sweeden.
z-axis	The axis perpendicular to the plane formed by the x and y axes
burp	A term used to describe what happens when a puff of gas is released during the formation of blows.
friable	A term used to indicate the crumbling, flaking, or powdering of a foam when the surface is rubbed
static friction	The resistance which must be overcome to start a body sliding down a surface
backing	the flexible supporting materials for an adhesive
rock	A rock is a group of minerals in a mixture
deep-draw mold	A mold whose core is long in relation to its wall thickness.
cfr	Code of Federal Regulations (U.S.).
volt	The electromotive force required to produce one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance (V).
stress relaxation	Reduction in stress in a material that is held at a constant deformation for an extended time.
struts / strands	The structural members of a foamed material
antioxidant	A substance that slows or interferes with the reaction of a fat or oil with oxygen
head	A shortened form of the word mixing head, used to describe devices ranging in complexity from simple manifolds to complex diverting valves having attached mixing chambers, impellers, drive motors, etc.
crossply	Any filamentary laminate which is not uniaxial
catalyst	Substance that speeds up a chemical process without actually changing the products of reaction.
monolayer	The basic laminate unit from which crossplied or other laminates are constructed.
creep	Dimensional change that can occur with time with a material under load, following instantaneous or rapid deformations especially after repeated cycling; creep at ambient temperatures is often called cold flow.
tangent modulus	Tangent modulus is defined as the slope of a line tangent to the stress-strain curve at a point of interest
denature	When the structure of proteins beak down from exposure to heat.
density gradient	Variations in density within a foam sample due to phenomena such as heat loss, settling, surface wetting, or shearing of the foam during pouring
moisture content	Percent moisture content is equal to the weight of water divided by the weight of bone-dry wood and multiplied by 100.
surface roughness	The deviation of the topography of an actual surface from an ideal atomically smooth and planar surface.
ribonucleotide	A subunit that polymerizes into the nucleic acid RNA
penetration	the entering of an adhesive into an adherend
knit	Textile process that interlocks, in a specific pattern, loops of yarn by means of stitching process, using needles or wires.
emulsion	A dispersion of fine particles in water.
thermoplastic	A material which is capable of softening or melting at elevated temperatures without degradation so that cooling of the material restores it to its original condition.
resol	an alternative term for A-stage (See also A-stage)
slabstock	Refers to polyurethane foam made in the form of a long, continuous block or bun of nominal rectangular cross- section.
thermal froth	The production of a partially expanded fluid from the discharge nozzle of the mixer by means of heating the component(s) containing fluorocarbon 11 to levels far above the normal boiling point, while maintaining them under pressure from the tank through the mixing zone
biofuels	biomass converted to liquid or gaseous fuels such as methanol, ethanol, methane, biodiesel and hydrogen.
gel point	The stage at which a liquid begins to exhibit pseudo-elastick properties.
cmc	See ceramic-matrix composite.
stress crack	External or internal cracks in a composite caused by tensile stresses
alloy	A combination of metals usually made to produce a metal with stronger properties of both.
permeability	The rate at which a liquid or gas can penetrate into or through a flexible polyurethane foam
phases of matter	A phase is another name for a physical state of matter
ul 900	Underwriters Laboratories burn test relating to smoke generation and used in the HVAC market.
carotenoids	Naturally occurring yellow to deep red coloring in fats and oils removed in deodorization.
viscosity coefficient	The shearing stress tangentially applied that will induce a velocity gradient
adiabatic system	A system that neither gains or looses heat.
belt conveyor	A type of conveyor in which the conveying is performed by means of the movement of the top surface of the structure as a continuous ribbon or belt
release agent	A substance which prevents a moulding from sticking to the mould surface, thus facilitating its release from the mould after curing
fish eyes	Caused by surface contamination (usually dust) or by improper agitation of finish prior to application.
coarse cells	Large cells averaging no more than 20 to 30 cells per linear inch.
thermoplastic	A composite matrix capable of being repeatedly softened by an increase in temperature and hardened by a decrease in temperature.
aging	Effect on materials of exposure to an environment for an interval of time.
kinase	A class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from a high-energy phosphate-containing molecule (such as ATP) to a substrate.
weave	The pattern by which a fabric is formed from interlacing yarns
post vulcanization bonding	conventional adhesive bonding of previously vulcanized elastomeric adherends.
dielectric strength	An electrical property indicating how well a material acts as an electrical insulator
percent solids	The percentage of non-volatile material contained in a liquid.
angleply	Same as Crossply.
doctor-bar or blade	a scraper mechanism that regulates the amount of adhesive on the spreader rolls or on the surface being coated.
constituent	In general, an element of a larger grouping
sound	A vibrational disturbance transmitted through a medium that excites our hearing mechanism.
lumber yield	The percent of usable, defect-free lumber that can be cut from a rough cutting, board, or bundle of lumber.
dielectric	A nonconductor of electricity
cohesive strength	The ability of the adhesive to stick within itself during the wet stage
solvent	A liquid used to dissolve and clean materials.
doctor roll	a roller mechanism that is revolving at different surface speed, or in opposite directions, resulting in a wiping action for regulating the adhesive supplied to the spreader roll.
continuous laminating	Process for forming panels and sheeting in which fabric or mat is passed through a resin bath, brought together between covering sheets, and passed through a heating zone for cure
tolerance limit	A lower (upper) confidence limit on a specified percentile of a distribution
unidirectional	strength lying mainly in one direction
fission	Splitting the nucleus of an atom into smaller units.
ball rebound test	A method for comparing the resilience of flexible foams per ASTM D-3574-01 Test H
hypoallergenic specifics	There is no official government definition for this term; therefore, the most appropriate terminology is: "a product less likely to cause allergic reactions"
rope	A slang word referring to the appearance of the froth being discharged from a letdown nozzle
pultrusion	An automated, continuous process for manufacturing composite rods, tubes and structural shapes having a constant cross-section
precursor	For carbon fibers, the rayon, PAN or pitch fibers from which carbon fibers are made.
spectrum	A spectrum all the colors of light.
six sigma	Quality philosophy which supports a collection of techniques and tools for use in reducing variation; also a program of improvement which focuses on strong leadership tools and an emphasis on bottom-line financial results.
fabric	Arrangement of fibers held together in two dimensions. A fabric may be woven, nonwoven, or stitched.
durability	The ability of a material to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service
viscosity	the ratio of the shear stress existing between laminae of moving fluid and the rate of shear between these laminae
insufficient cure	A pultrusion abnormality created by lack of, or incomplete, cross-linking of the resin.
motionless mixers	Devices which employ passive (unmoving) means to combine and mix two or more substances; commonly found attached to cartridge systems or meter mix equipment; frequently called static mixers.
postforming	Process of shaping parts after a coating has been applied and cured, a technique commonly used with stamped, blanked or spun parts.
nondestructive inspection	Determining material or part characteristics without permanently altering the test object
aggregate	Hard, coarse material usually of mineral origins used in composite tools
planking	A small change in height of adjacent staves in a panel caused by changes in moisture content
anisotropic	Not isotropic
core separation	A breaking of honeycomb core cells.
tool	The mold, either one- or two-sided and either open or closed, in or upon which composite material is placed in order to make a part.
plain weave	A weaving pattern in which the warp and fill fibers alternate; that is, the repeat pattern is warp/fill/warp/fill, and so on
cataract	loss of transparency in the eye's lens
elongation	The increase in gage length or extension of a specimen during a tension test, usually expressed as a percentage of the original gage length.
cracking	Actual separation of moulded material, visible on opposite surfaces of a part and extending through the thickness (fracture).
mixing lines	Visible lines of poorly formed foam
hepatic	pertaining to liver.
tension device	A mechanical or magnetic device that controls tension of fibers or fabrics in winding or prepregging processes.
homogeneous	Describes a material with a uniform composition.
adjustable throughput	See fixed throughput and variable flow rate.
rheology	Is the study of flow and deformation of matter.
elongation	Increase in length before rupture occurs, expressed numerically as a fraction or percentage of initial length
choppability	The ease of chopping/cutting the glass fibers to a uniform length.
lecithin drying	Removal of moisture from wet gums recovered from water degumming (mainly soybean oil), by heating gums in a scraped surface evaporator under vacuum.
specific heat	The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material one degree
graphite fibres	Fibres made from a precursor by oxidation, carbonization, or graphitization process (which provides a graphitic structure.)
variance	See Sample Variance.
astm	American Society of Test Methods.
cycle	The change of an alternating flow of current from zero to a positive peak, returning through zero to a negative peak and back to zero.
settling	The observable and normal loss in height of a free-rise foam at a point in time just after the peak rise
melting point	The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid
cocured	Cured and simultaneously bonded to another prepared surface.
precordial	in front of the heart, stomach.
adsorption	When rather than being absorbed a substance collects upon the surface of another substance
legging	the drawing of filaments or strings when adhesive bonded substrates are separated.
warp	The dimensional distortion in an object after molding or other fabrication.
stearine	a glyceryl ester of stearic acid, derived from animal fats and used as tallow in the manufacture of candles and soap.
honeycomb	Resin-impregnated material manufactured in, usually, hexagonal cells that serves as a core material in sandwich constructions
absolute zero	The temperature where all movement stops even on a molecular level, it is also lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale.
weight	The gravitational force exerted on a mass.
cell size	The average diameter of cells in the final foam based on RAM measurement methods
adherend	a body which is held to another body by an adhesive
dimensional stability	Ability of a part to retain the precise shape to which it was molded, cast, or otherwise fabricated.
adherend	a body which is held to another body by an adhesive.
dilute solution	A solution (liquid mixture) that has a small amount of solute dissolved
matrix	The material in which the fiber reinforcements of a composite system are imbedded
caul plates	Smooth metal plates, free of surface defects, the same size and shape as a composite lay-up, used immediately in contact with the lay-up during the curing process to transmit normal pressure and to provide a smooth surface on the finished laminate.
spc	A tool for predicting and regulating variation and process outputs
wet degumming	Any degumming process which removes gums by centrifugal separation
veil	Ultra thin mat similar to a surface mat.
transversely isotropic	Descriptive term for a material exhibiting a special case of orthotropy in which properties are identical in two orthotropic dimensions, but not the third; having identical properties in both transverse directions but not the longitudinal direction.
trim loss	The percentage of the total good foam produced that is not sold directly after the primary cutting operation but must be further cut or converted or reduced in price in order to be saleable
thixotropic	Nonsagging
ejection	Removing a molded part from the mold by hand, mechanical means or use of compressed air.
inert	The word inert is used to describe the elements in group eight
adhesive	A substance capable of holding two materials together by surface attachment
jacketed tank	A term which refers to a tank having an additional metal shell, coils of tubing or resistance wire surrounding the inner tank in order to utilize the tank as a heat exchanger
hydrophilicity	The affinity of substances (in this case polyurethane foams) for water
composite	A composite material is defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than when the individual components are used alone
aromatic	Loosely, a term used to describe molecules that include at least one benzene-like ring, e.g., C6H6
noise reduction	The difference in sound pressure level between any two points along the path of sound propagation.
specimen	An individual piece or portion of a sample used for a specific test; also, of specific shape and dimensions.
cellulose	A polysaccharide (carbohydrate) found in plants
shot cycle	A term which describes the total time spent 'on' and 'off' in a single unit of operation
biaxial fabric	Fabric with two non-interwoven layers – a unidirectional warp (0°) layer and a unidirectional weft (90°) layer – which are bonded together, usually by through-the-thickness stitching, to form a single sheet of fabric
bearing strength	The maximum amount of stress that can be sustained
clamp carrier	A series of cold clamps arranged and used like a Ferris wheel
mechanical traverse drive	A drive system for mixed liquid spreaders or traversers that takes all reversal thrust directly on gear teeth, screw threads or some other non-shock absorbent device
birefringence	The refraction of light in an anisotropic material (as calcite) in two slightly different directions to form two rays
cold deodorizing	Reduction of odor by treating oil with special type of reagent/adsorbent
eukaryota	an organism made up of on or more cells containing a nucleus and organelles
ignition loss	With glass, the difference in weight before and after binder or size has been burned off.
dusting	Accumulation and incrustation of generally white, soluble salts on surface coatings, stones, bricks, plastering or mortar
mucilage	An adhesive prepared from a gum and water
cupping	The opposite of crowning
lot	See batch.
mixing head	A mechanical device capable of mixing two or more materials together homogeneously in one passage through the mixing zone, It may include valves, bearings, motor, etc
compatible	The ability of different resin systems to be processed in contact with each other without degradation of end product properties.
speed of set	The rate at which an adhesive attains handling strength
pitch	The residue which remains after the distillation of oil and so forth from raw petroleum.
cpk	Capability index which accounts for process centering and defined as the minimum CpU or CpL
accelerated test	Procedure in which conditions are magnified to reduce the time required to obtain a result, or to reproduce the deteriorating effects of normal service conditions in a very short time period.
separator	A permeable layer that separates and also acts as a release film (e.g., porous, Teflon-coated fiberglass)
polyether etherketone :	A linear semi-crystalline thermoplastic
proportion	An equality between two ratios.
freezing point	A temperature point when a liquid becomes a solid
tensile strength	A separator's strength is typically measured in the machine direction (MD), the direction of the flow of the separator in its manufacturing process, and Cross Machine Direction (XMD)
plasticity	a property of adhesives that allows the materials to be deformed continuously andpermanently without rupture upon the application of a force that exceeds the yield value of the material.
silica adsorption	Removal of residual gums, soap and trace metals (salts) from acid conditioned or degummed or neutralized oil by mixing the oil with silica which adsorbs the impurities, followed by filter separation of the spent silica.
heterogeneous	Term for a material consisting of dissimilar materials.
fiber count	The number of fibers per unit width of ply present in a specified section of a composite.
glue reel	A series of cold clamps arranged and used like a Ferris wheel
milli	Prefix meaning one-thousandth part (m) (10-3).
yarn	Continuously twisted fibers or strands suitable for weaving into fabrics.
distilled water	Distilled water is pure water
thermoset	A plastic which flows and then sets permanently on first heating, as a result of setting up a three-dimensional crosslinked molecular structure, and subsequently will not soften or dissolve.
chlorophyll	a green photosynethetic pigment found mostly in the chloroplast of many plants
life-cycle analysis	a total valuation of a process, in which all the inputs and outcomes of a reaction are fully considered.
aging	The effect, on materials, of exposure to an environment for a period of time; the process of exposing materials to an environment for an interval of time.
grooving	Long, narrow grooves or depressions in a surface of a pultrusion parallel to its length.
dielectric	An insulating material.
void content	Volume percentage of voids, usually less than 1% in a properly cured composite
low shear mixing	A mixing technique whereby the liquid components are mixed primarily by rolling and stirring the chemicals in a mixing chamber of relatively large volume
telegraphing	A condition in a laminate or other type of composite construction in which irregularities, imperfections, or patterns of an inner layer are visibly transmitted to the surface.
hydrophobicity	The lack of affinity of substances (in this case polyurethane foams) for water
erythema	redness of the skin; usually due to increased blood flow.
water degumming	Removal of gums (precipitated by pure water hydration of crude oil) by centrifugal separation
platens	Mounting plates of a press to which the entire mold assembly is bolted.
rise time	The time between discharge of the foam ingredients from the mixing head and the point at which the foam rise is complete.
striations	See flow lines.
autoclave molding	Process in which an assembly is placed in a heated autoclave, usually at 50 to 200 psi, after lay-up, winding or wrapping
property	Properties of a substance that can be observed without using a chemical reaction that would change the substance.
x-y plane	In composite laminates, the reference plane parallel to the plane of the laminate.
quality assurance	Actions taken by an owner or his representative to provide assurance that what is being done and what is being provided are in accordance with the applicable standards of good practice for the work.
viscosity coefficient	the shearing stress tangentially applied that will induce a velocity gradient
daylight	The distance, in the open position, between the moving and fixed tables or the platens of a hydraulic press
extenders	Low cost materials used to dilute or extend high cost resins with little lessening of properties.
bearing strength	The maximum bearing stress that can be sustained
enhanced degumming	Any form of degumming where special reagents, in addition to plain water, are used to improve removal of gums.
carboxyl carboxylic	the uni-valent acid radical (-COOH), present in most organic acids, this making them bio-degradable.
interlocked systems	The practice of using a single power source to drive two or more fluid metering system
heat sealing	Joining plastic films by applying heat and pressure simultaneously.
gel strength	An expression of the stability of the foaming mass
elastic	Elastic describes a property of rebound
volatile organic compounds	Chemical substances, such as solvents, that readily evaporate or volatilize into the air
density	Density is the weight per unit volume of the foam normally expressed in pounds per cubic foot (PCF), or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m•)
fracture ductility	The true plastic strain at fracture.
elongation at break	Elongation recorded at the moment of rupture of the specimen, often expressed as a percentage of the original length.
silicones	A family of polymeric materials containing the Si-O chemical group in their structure; the most widely used silicones are elastomeric adhesives and sealants capable of service over the exceptionally wide temperature range of –100°F to over 500°F.
airless spray	System of applying paint in which the paint, under high pressure, is passed through a nozzle and broken into droplets (i.e
physical state	The condition of a material, i.e., solid, liquid or gas, at room temperature.
laminae	Plural of lamina.
metamorphic rock	This is a rock type that has been reheated and crystallized
sample	A small portion of a material or product intended to be representative of the whole
moisture content	The amount of water in a material determined under prescribed conditions, expressed as a percentage of the mass of the moist specimen; that is, the mass of the dry substance plus the moisture present.
watt	A unit of electric power
secondary bonding	The joining by adhesive of two or more already cured composite parts.
molecular weight	Because individual polyol molecules vary in molecular weight, the molecular weight of a given polyol is a weighted average.
porosity	A condition of trapped pockets of air, gas, or vacuum within a solid material, usually expressed as a percentage of the total nonsolid volume to the total volume (solid plus nonsolid) of a unit quantity of material.
r&r study	In SPC, Repeatability and Reproducibility
core	(1) A material used between two facings (skins) that serves to rigidly separate the facings by a fixed or variable thickness
lead time	A term occasionally used on flexible slab production lines to describe the distance between the mixer and the cream line
moisture absorption	A material assimilation of water vapor from air, as distinguished from water absorption by immersion, which results in weight gain.
seam	The splice line formed by two or more separate pieces of flexible polyurethane foam that have been bonded together.
resonance	A state where the natural frequency of a body equals an applied frequency.
pitch	Carbon fiber made from a residual petroleum product.
methane	Methane is a simple hydrocarbon with one carbon and four hydrogen atoms
positive mould	A mould designed to apply pressure to a piece being moulded with no escape of material.
joint	the location at which two adherends are held together with a layer of adhesive
diluents	Ingredients usually added to an adhesive composition to decrease the concentration of the active bonding materials so as to achieve enhanced flow properties, or to reduce cost.
base	A liquid with a pH greater than seven.
square	A face glued construction that is approximately squared in cross section that will be turned on a lathe.
solids content	The percentage by weight of non-volatile material in an adhesive or sealant.
flat saw	A type of saw that uses alternating flat teeth, usually 36, for ripping on the straight-line rip saw.
fiber saturation point	The moisture content of wood at which all unbound moisture has been eliminated
shells	A shell is the area around the center of an atom
metering	See positive metering
electromagnetic waves	Waves with both an electric and magnetic component. They are: radio, micro, infra-red, visible light, ultraviolet, X and gamma rays.
symmetric laminate	Laminate in which the stacking sequence for the plies located on one side of the geometric midplane are the mirror image of the stacking sequence on the other side of the midplane.
power	Amount of work done per second.
hydrophobic	Water repellent.
ohm	Prefix meaning one-billionth.
cartridge	A rigid container employed to store unmixed adhesive compositions in pre-measured amounts; cartridges may feature a side-by-side or coaxial configuration.
cycle	Complete, repeating sequence of operations
decibels	A unit of sound intensity
rib	Reinforcing member of a fabricated or molded part.
ph	Value that represents the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution.
plastic deformation	Change in dimensions of an object under load that is not recovered when the load is removed; opposed to elastic deformation.
solvent flush	A term which refers either to the rinsing of the mixing chamber with a solvent or to the equipment required
elongation	The fractional increase in length of a material loaded in tension
eyeball in	A slang expression meaning to adjust as closely as possible to the desired instrument setting by visual means or by sense of touch or feel without making mechanical cross-checks.
demold	To remove a part from a tool or a tool from an intermediate model.
bun	Another synonym for Block.
aging	The change in properties of a material with time under stated conditions.
bag moulding	Technique for producing moulded parts by atmospheric pressure through a flexible membrane.
mil	Unit used to measure the diameter of glass fiber strands (1 mil = 0.001 in.).
stress concentration	The magnification of applied stress in the region of a notch, void, hole or inclusion.
coulomb attraction	Electrostatic attraction between bodies of opposite charge
reinforcement	A material added to the matrix to provide the required properties; ranges from short fibers through complex textile complex textile forms.
wet strength	The strength of an organic matrix composite when the matrix resin is saturated with absorbed moisture
core	In sandwich construction, the central component to which inner and outer skins are attached
matching network	A combining of capacitors and/or inductors used for bringing the tuning into resonance.
curing agent	An additive that increases chemical activity between the components, resulting in a increase or decrease in the rate of cure
fiber	A general term used to refer to filamentary materials
farad	A unit by which capacitors are rated (f).
shelf life	Allowable storage time before a product must be used.
automatic edging saw	A straight line rip saw used to edge one side of the blank before it is ripped on the rip saw
liquid driers	Solution of soluble driers in organic solvents.
batch	The manufactured unit or blend of two or more units of the same formulation and processing.
resin	1) A solid, semi-solid or pseudo solid organic material with no definite melting point usually comprised of high molecular weight material; when subjected to stress, a resin typically tends to flow
kiln	A heated chamber for drying lumber
primary structure	An aerospace critical load-bearing structure; if damaged the aircraft or space vehicle cannot operate safely.
alligatoring	Wood floor finish that takes on the appearance of an alligator hide during application
attributes	According to SPC, qualitative data that have only two conditions: acceptable and non-acceptable.
elasticity	The ability of a material to return to its original shape after removal of a load
self-curing	see self-vulcanizing.
film thickness	Depth or thickness of the dry coating in millimeters.
circuit	The path through which electrons flow.
in vitro	An experimental situation outside a living cell or organism; biological or chemical work done in the test tube, instead of in living systems
mold release agent	A lubricant applied to mold surfaces to facilitate release of the molded article.
mass	The quantity of matter in a body.
sparkling	See flashing.
cathode	Electrode where electrons are gained (reduction) in redox reactions.
control limits	A line on a control chart that represents the maximum variation that could be reasonably expected if only common causes were present
crossply	Any filamentary laminate in which the laminas are at right angles to one another.
chemtrec	Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
binder	a component of an adhesive composition that is primarily responsible for the adhesive forces that hold two bodies together
closed cells	A foam structure in which each individual cell has intact cell membranes so that there are no open passageways for airflow.
thermal conductivity	Ability of a material to conduct heat
ultimate elongation	Elongation at failure.
hydrophobic	Literally meaning "water fearing"
mdi	An abbreviation for diphenylmethane diisocyanate
sound level meter	Instrument used to measure sound pressure level (dB)
curtain wall panel	Any type of panel that is hung on the outside of a building to form the exterior skin of the building, without bearing any structural load other than that which itself generates, sandwich panels with a foam core are often used in this type application.
worm holes	See rat holes.
orthotropic	Having three mutually perpendicular planes of elastic symmetry.
pbt	Polybuthlene Therephthalate (Thermoplastic Polyester Resin).
water absorption	Ratio of the weight of water absorbed by an adhesive to the weight of the same material in a dry condition.
ph	A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with the value of 7 representing neutrality, and increasing acidity corresponding to lower values, and increasing alkalinity corresponding to higher values.
stability	The ability of a material to remain unchanged.
flame retardent	Has several meanings according to the Test Method used
permanent set	The amount of deformation that remains in an adhesive after removal of a load.
filler	An inorganic addition to a material that may impart a variety of performance improvements such as shrinkage control, surface smoothness, water or heat resistance or is added to lower cost or density
young's modulus	The ratio of normal stress to the corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses less than the proportional limit of the material.
side clearance	The amount of clearance needed for the saw to cut through without causing friction between the saw tooth and the stock
overpressure switch	A shortened form of overpressure cut-off switch.
synergism	The property exhibited by a blend of some materials, having a greater effectiveness or chemical activity as a mixture than would ordinarily be expected from the sum of their independent abilities or activity levels
water blown foam	Foam in which the gas for expansion is generated entirely by the reaction of water with an isocyanate.
nitrile elastomers	Synthetic rubbers featuring excellent resistance to oils, fuels, etc
plain sawn	Grain orientation in wood in which annual rings are approximately parallel to the wide surface
thermal coefficient of expansion	A material property that is the measure of how much a unit length of a material will change when it is heated or cooled
flaking	Finish that pulls away from floor in small pieces, usually aided by mechanical action of shoe-twisting on finish
catalyst scavenging	Part of hydrogenation process
chemical decomposition	This is the molecular action of the larger process of decomposition
vent cloth	Layer or layers of open-weave- cloth to provide a path for vacuum to reach the area over a laminate being cured.
polymerize	The bonding of similar molecules into long chains or branched structures.
organic	Matter originating in plant or animal life, or composed of chemicals of hydrocarbon origin, either natural or synthetic.
cabled yarn	Yarn that is plied more than once; yarn made by plying two or more previous plied yarns.
fiber blooming	A pultrusion surface condition exhibiting a fiber prominence or fiber show that usually has a white or bleached color and a sparkling appearance
triple chip saw	A saw using three chips and a raker to let each chip do a third of the cutting
consolidation	A process that fuses each ply together by tacking and flowing the matrix between plies
reaction injection molding	Process for molding polyurethane, epoxy and other liquid chemical systems
typical basis	A typical property value is a sample mean
lifting in layers	Separating of paint from a surface in pieces as a result of losing adherence or elasticity.
weft	The transverse threads or fibers in a woven fabric; those fibers running perpendicular to the warp
woof	Same as fill.
allergen	Substance that causes an allergic reaction.
matrix	That material within which something originates or takes form
evolution	Natural selection, the survival of the fittest, is the driving force behind evolution and is measured by a species viability and fecundity
solvent rain-back	Phenomenon that can occur 6 - 24 hours after finish application when humidity is high and air flow is low
empirical formula	Formula showing the simplest ratio of elements in a compound.
solution	Mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out, for example, saltwater.
interface	A surface that lies between two different materials.
sigh back	See Relaxation.
crazing	Apparent fine cracks at or under the surface of an organic matrix.
portable	An ambiguous word that is defined as meaning 'easily carried'
shear strength	The maximum shear stress that a material is capable of sustaining
sample	A small portion of a material or product intended to be representative of the whole.
fiber system	The type and arrangement of fibrous material which comprises the fiber constituent of an advanced composite
craters	Often mistaken for bubbles
membrane degumming	Degumming process using ultrafiltration done while oil is in miscella phase (dissolved in solvent).
field	A region in space that is defined by a vector function. Common fields are: gravitational, electric and magnetic.
crushing	Usually a mechanical or vacuum-assisted procedure to open the closed cells of a cold-cure or high-resiliency foam.
buffed	Flexible polyurethane foam pieces that have been shaped or contoured by removal of foam using abrasive or grinding methods.
bag side	The side of the part that is cured against the vacuum bag.
print through	Distortion in a part's surface through which the pattern of the core or fiberglass reinforcement is visible
dielectric heating	Heating materials by dielectric loss in a high-frequency electrostatic field.
tear strength	The load required to tear apart a sealant specimen.
rtm	See resin transfer molding.
planer	A machine used to prepare lumber for the cut-to-length operation by dressing the face and backside of the board
thread count	The number of yarns (threads) per inch in either the lengthwise (warp) or crosswise (fill or weft) direction of woven fabrics.
pultrusion	A continuous process for manufacturing composites in rods, tubes, and structural shapes having a constant
thixotropic	A consistency that is gel-like at rest, but fluid when agitated
b-basis	A statistically-based material property; a 95% lower confidence bound on the tenth percentile of a specified population of measurements
semiflexible molded	Foams that are used primarily by the automotive industry in safety, padding and interior trim applications
flexible molds	Rubber or elastomeric plastic molds used for casting plastics
chiller	A heat exchanger used for cooling the chemical materials
greige	Fabric that has received no finish.
traveling cut-off saw	See cut-off saw.
refractive index	The ratio of the speed of radiation (as light) in one medium (as a vacuum) to that in another medium
solvent flush cycle	A term used to describe a solvent flush, air flush cycle (or solvent cycle only), and indicates the time of each
leukemia	progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs.
bearing load	A compressive load on an interface.
topper pads	Thin cushioning pads used as the top layer of an automobile seat to provide a good 'feel' to the seat.
chemical size	A surface finish applied to the fiber that contains some chemical constituents other than water.
pin holes	Small voids open to and visible on the surface of a cured composite part.
grp	Glass reinforced plastic.
cfc-free foam	Flexible polyurethane foams that have been made without the use of chlorofluorocarbons as auxiliary blowing agents.
isolating regulator	A regulator installed in a fluid metering circuit in such a manner that variations in downstream pressure do not affect metering accuracy
bi-directional	Reinforcing fibers arranged in two directions, usually at right angles.
viscosity	Thickness of a liquid
boston chair test	Boston Fire Department test method to measure performance of flexible polyurethane foam padding materials when exposed to a fairly severe flaming ignition source
inclusion	A physical and mechanical discontinuity occurring within a material or part, usually consisting of solid, encapsulated foreign material.
viscosity	The resistance of a fluid to flow; the ratio of shear stress between laminae of moving fluid and the rate of shear between these laminae.
chemical cure	Curing by chemical reaction
pasteurization	Mild heat treatment to destroy vegetative microorganisms; not complete destruction of microbes
desorption	A process in which an absorbed or adsorbed material is released from another material
e-glass	"Electrical glass
bow	A conditional longitudinal curvature in pultruded parts.
dry heat aging	An accelerated aging test that helps to screen out formulations that may have a tendency to deteriorate too rapidly under certain climatic conditions
surfacing veil	Accompanying other reinforcing mats and fabrics to enhance the quality of the surface finish
general purpose foams	Foams or formulations that are capable of being used in a wide variety of Applications without modification while still attaining a reasonably high level of physical properties.
unsaturated polyester resin	A condensation product made by reacting an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with a diol.
allergy	condition in which an initial symptomless exposure to a specific allergen later gives rise to a sensitivity to further exposure.
nanometer	A unit of measurement equivalent to one millionth of a meter.
skin	The higher-density outer surface of a foam block.
coupling agent	Any chemical substance designed to react with both the reinforcement and matrix phases of a composite material to form or promote a stronger bond at the interface.
parting line	A continuous mark on a pultruded piece where the sections of a mold have met in closing
rma	An abbreviation used to represent Rubber Manufacturers Association Test which is an indentation load deflection test used to rate cushions and mattresses for load carrying ability
glycol	Petrochemicals used to produce polyester and other industrial applications.
accessory chemicals	a group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids; most are applied to the body surfaces
yield	Yield refers to the linear density of a roving or yarn and is measured as the number of yards per pound.
cation	A positive ion.
filaments	Individual fibers of indefinite length used in tows, yarns or roving.
conductive	A material is considered conductive if its range of resistivity is100 - 105ohms/square
filament count	Number of filaments in the cross-section of a fiber bundle.
catastrophic failures	Totally unpredictable failures of a mechanical, thermal, or electrical nature.
structural repair manual	Document prepared by an OEM that designates original structural materials (both composite and metal) used for a specific aircraft
cvd	See chemical vapor deposition.
resin transfer moulding	A moulding process in which catalysed resin is injected into a closed mould already containing the preformed reinforcement.
double cells	A slang term used by some as a synonym for buckshotting.
uni-degumming	Super Degumming process enhanced by addition of caustic, invented by J
wicking	The flow of an adhesive into a tightly restricted opening.
secondary structure	Aerospace structure that is not critical to flight safety
cross laminated	Material laminated so that some of the layers are oriented at various angles to the other layers with respect to the laminate grain
parallel heating	Radio frequency press configuration in which RF current is conducted along the glue lines in edge-gluing presses
capacitor	Plates separated by an insulating material that can store electricity.
elongation	Percentage of original length that a standard sample of foam will stretch before the breaking point is reached
doe	Design of Experiments is the arrangement in which an experimental program is to be conducted, and the selection of the versions of one or more factors or combinations of factors to be included in the experiment.
yield point	First stress in a material, less than the maximum attainable stress, at which strain rate increases
wicking	Transporting fluid from a reservoir to an application surface.
mil-spec	A document prepared to support acquisition that describes the essential technical requirements for purchased material and the criteria for determining whether those requirements are met.
ethanol	(CH3CH2OH) a colorless, flammable liquid produced by fermentation of sugars which is used as a fuel oxygenate.
fiber bridging	Reinforcing fiber material bridging an inside radius of a pultruded product
helical	Describes ply laid onto a rotating mandrel at an angle, often at a 45° angle.
water washing	Part of neutralizing process
triclinic crystal	A triclinic crystal has a shape in which the arrangement of facets is random.
setting time	See Gel time.
accelerated aging	A set of laboratory conditions designed to produce in a short time the results of normal aging
dowel	A cylindrical pin used to reinforce the strength of an assembly joint.
moon cratering	See cratering.
gravity	The attraction that all bodies have for one another.
glass rich	An area of molded part that has an overabundance of glass reinforcement
rule-of-mixtures	A composite's properties are the combination of properties in its two constituent materials
notch sensitivity	The extent to which a material's sensitivity to fracture is increased by a surface in homogeneity such as a notch, a sudden change in section, a crack or a scratch
delamination	The undesirable separation of one or more layers in a laminate caused by failure at the adhesive interphase.
cell window	See Cell Membrane
tight foam	Flexible polyurethane foam with many closed cells, resulting in low flow measurements.
partial pressure	The pressure exerted by a certain gas in a mixture.
blank	The name of the rough end product
thixotropy	the property of adhesives systems to thin upon isothermal agitation and to thicken upon subsequent rest.
summer softness	A condition in which the load-bearing capacity of standard foams produced during the summer months decreases in direct proportion to the amount of airborne moisture available.
fusion	1. Change of state of a substance from a solid to a liquid. 2. The joining together of two atomic nuclei.
flashing or sparkling	A condition in continuous slab foaming, during which there is a continual release of tiny bubbles of gas from the surface of the mixed material just after it has been poured on the conveyor
unsaturation	There may be small amounts of allyl-or propenyl-type unsaturation in polyols, resulting from propylene oxide isomerization during polyol manufacture
heat capacity	A measure of how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of one gram of anything one degree Celsius.
pit	Small regular or irregular crater in the surface of a plastic, usually with width approximately of the same order of magnitude as its depth.
hysteresis	The energy absorbed in a complete cycle of loading and unloading
organism	a very complicated structure of living things whose parts work to insure survival
aspect ratio	The length/diameter ratio of a fibre.
super degumming	Acid degumming enhanced by temperature reduction and extended retention time, invented by J
solid fat index	A measurement of a fat's melting characteristic using a diatometric procedure.
hard water	Water, which contains the ions of magnesium and calcium
dta	See differential thermal analysis.
statistically insignificant	Using hypothesis tests, there is no mathematically detectable difference.
hexagonal crystal	This crystal shape has six sides and no specific length
diluent	an ingredient usually added to an adhesive to reduce the concentration of bonding materials.
set-up	To harden, as in curing.
j roller	A hand roller used to apply pressure on a bonded surface such as a plastic laminate.
miscella refining	Neutralizing process while oil is stilldissolved in solvent (hexane) after solvent extraction
special relativity	The observable effects on a body in motion. As velocity increases, time slows down, mass increases and lengths contract.
tdi	Abbreviation for Toluene Dilsocyanate
soxhlet extraction	The name for a specific type of glassware used in extractions
bias fabric	Fabric in which warp and fill fibers are at an angle to the length.
smc	See Sheet moulding compound.
stress crack	External or internal crack in a composite caused by tensile stresses; cracking may be present internally, externally or in combination.
organic refining process	Acid Degumming enhanced by using large amounts of citric acid solution. As a result, residual amount of phosphatides in oil is very low, making process suitable for Physical Refining. Other main benefit is that heaby phase from separator can e decanted into free oil, gums and acid solution
absorption coefficient	Value expressed as a decimal representing sound absorbed by foam at a specified Hzlevel; used to report acoustical absorption capability of foam.
glass-transition temperature	The midpoint of the temperature range over which an amorphous material changes from (or to) a brittle, vitreous state to (or from) a plastic state.
run chart	A chart of the measurement of a characteristic over time
roving	Endless glass fibre bundles
nonelectrolyte	This is a solute that cannot conduct electricity when dissolved in the solvent (water)
wrinkle	Surface imperfection pressed into laminated plastics similar to a crease or fold in paper, fabric or other base
longitudinal grain	Grain orientation in which wood fibers are parallel to the length of the tree.
coarse cells	Very large bubbles averaging not over 20 to 30 cells per lineal inch
sound	a disturbance that travels through air, land, water that can be heard.
splits	A general term
temperature	measure of how warm or cold a substance is.
bladder	An elastomeric lining for the containment of pressurization medium in filament-wound structures, or for the manufacture of composite structures
tachypnea	increased rate of respiration.
delamination	Separation of plies in a laminate due to adhesive failure
dodecahedron	A geometric figure (polyhedron) having twelve surfaces or faces
range chart	Usually used with Control Charts; shows point-to-point variation.
die-parting line	A lengthwise flash or depression on the surface of a pultruded plastic part
cure	The process of hardening of a thermosetting resin (by cross-linking of the molecular structure), under the influence of heat and/or curing agents.
deep cycle	Depth of discharge of up to 80%.
rotor	A term sometimes used to describe a mixing blade or impeller.
hydraulic drive traverse	A spreading device of the type that can be used on continuous slab production lines, utilizing a hydraulic drive mechanism.
antistatic agents	Agents added to a molding material or applied to the surface of a molded object to make it more conductive and prevent the fixation of dust or buildup of electrical charge.
orange-peel	Uneven surface somewhat resembling an orange peel.
reaction	A chemical reaction after which the resulting agents cannot be changed back into the reactions ingredients.
horizontal shear	Sometimes used to indicate interlaminar shear.
core crush	Compression damage of the core.
preheating	Warming of parts prior to application of a coating, recommended when adhesion is critical and when parts are being coated in humid atmospheres
potential energy	The energy an object has because of its composition or position.
disaccharide	a carbohydrate sugar formed by the linking of two sugar units
powered conveyor	A conveyor having the moving surface powered by a drive motor
carrier	The liquid portion of a coating (solvent or water) in which solids are dissolved or suspended.
acid	Compound that gives off H+ ions in solution.
panelization	In a gym floor, the action of the boards to separate in groups
enamel	Broad classification of paints that dry to a hard, usually glossy finish
braid angle	The acute angle measured from the axis of braiding.
pitch	A Residual Petroleum Product Used In The Manufacture Of Certain Carbon Fibers.
impregnated fabric	See prepreg.
smt	Surface Modification Technology
glycol	Is the generic terms for polyols having a functionality of 2, also termed diols.
bacteria	living organisms that have one cell and can only be seen with a microscope
cell	The thin-walled, columnar cavity of honeycomb core that can have a variety of sizes and shapes, depending on the specific process of manufacturing.
impedance	The opposition a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current (Z).
pan fibers	Reinforcement fiber derived from the controlled pyrolysis of poly(acrylonitrile) fiber.
heat-sealing	A method of joining plastic films by simultaneous Application of heat and pressure to areas in contact
stress	Force per unit area, usually expressed in pounds per square inch (psi).
compression molding	An open molding process in which material is introduced and shaped by the pressure of closing the mold and by heat.
blistering	Formulations in the form of concaves or convexes on paint, generally caused by heat and moisture
bag molding	A process in which the consolidation of the material in the mold is effected by the application of fluid or gas pressure through a flexible membrane.
orthotropic	A material that has six different sets of moduli and Poisson's ratios.
vacuum press	A press designed for laminating or veneering in which the panel is placed inside of a flexible bag connected to a vacuum pump.
solvent	A substance, usually liquid, used to dissolve another substance.
pumping impeller	A mixing blade designed to positively move the liquids being mixed through the mixing zone and through the discharge orifice by means of the force exerted by the pumping action designed into the mixing blade itself.
fatigue strength	The maximum cyclical stress a material can withstand for a given number of cycles before failure occurs
surfacing agent	An oily or waxy material which rises to the surface of a polyester resin during cure.
coupon	Specimen for a specific test, such as tensile coupon.
elastic component of viscosity	A term used to describe the resistance of some fluids to flowing under certain conditions of shear and applied force
draft	The taper or slope of a mold's vertical surface allowing molded parts to be removed.
bag molding	Process in which fluid or gas is applied through a flexible membrane to consolidate material in a mold.
pitch	Residual petroleum product used as a precursor in the manufacture of certain carbon fibers.
specimen	A piece or portion of a sample or other material taken to be tested
buckling	A failure mode usually characterized by fiber deflection rather than breakage due to compressive action.
shear	An action or stress resulting from applied forces that causes or tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relative to each other.
radiation	1. Transfer of heat between bodies without a change in the temperature of the intervening medium. 2. Any release of energy from its source.
dry	To change the physical state of an adhesive or a substrate by the loss of solvent constituents by evaporation or absorption, or both.
stripper	A compound used to remove undesirable foreign material from a surface
enamel	Enamels are topcoat paints characterized by the ability to form a smooth surface and which generally have a high degree of gloss but can also have low gloss degrees (e.g
wave length	The physical distance between identical points on successive waves
jigging	See fixtures.
formula	The list of ingredients and their proportions to each other which must be used to make a particular foam product.
sink mark	A shallow depression or dimple on the surface of an injection molded part due to collapsing of the surface following local internal shrinkage after the gate seals; an incipient short shot.
glass fiber	see fiberglass.
design allowable	A limiting value for a material property that can be used to design a structural or mechanical system to a specified level of success with 95% statistical confidence.
pan	See polyacrylonitrile.
chirality	Used to describe when symmetric parts of a molecule are not super imposable on one another.
luer lock	A device used as a connector between a static mixer and a hose or application tool such as a disposable needle.
composite	Three-dimensional combination of at least two materials differing in form or composition, with a distinct interface separating the components
variation	The difference among individual outputs of a process
core	the honeycomb structure used in sandwich panel construction.
green strength	This refers to the relative cohesive strength an adhesive, glue, or mastic has in the wet state
coordinate axes	See laminate coordinate axes.
drying temperature	see temperature, drying.
hard tool	A tool made of metal or any “hard” material that is generally impervious to process-related damage (e.g., exothermic distortion) during normal molding operations (in contrast to soft tool)
whitewash	Basically, it is generated by mixing lime and water
kinetic energy	The energy possessed by a body in motion.
quantum theory	The theory that energy can only be absorbed or radiated in discrete values or quanta. All particles are subject to quantum theory
solute	The dissolved material.
combustible	Materials that will burn under most conditions and may ignite easily.
heat	a form of energy marked by differences in temperatures
neutron	A particle found in the nucleus of an atom
corrosion resistance	The ability of a material to withstand contact with ambient natural factors or those of a particular artificially created atmosphere, without degradation or change in properties.
deformation	A change in dimension or shape due to stress.
flash	Excess material which forms at the parting line of a mold or die, or which is extruded from a closed mold.
delamination	The separation of ply layers due to adhesive failure or the separation of layers of fabric from the core structure
ratio control	The ability to change and regulate the ratio or proportion between 2 or more fluid components
uncertainty	It is impossible to know exactly where something is and where it is going
void	A pocket of air or gas trapped in a laminate or moulding.
areal weight of fiber	The weight of fiber per unit area of prepreg
indentation modulus	IM = (40%IFD-20%IFD)/20%IFD
special cause	In SPC, a source of variation that is intermittent or unpredictable signaled by an out-of-control condition on a control chart.
inverse	A math property which states: A+(-A)=0 and A*(1/A)=1
bi-directional laminate	A reinforced plastic laminate whose fibers are oriented in two directions in its plane.
common cause	A source of chance variation that is always present in the process
pultrusion	A process for making continuous profiles of composite materials
fiber direction	The orientation or alignment of the longitudinal axis of the fiber with respect to a stated reference axis.
bias fabric	A fabric in which warp and fill fibers are at an angle to the length.
reproduction	Reproduction is the process by which a new organism is produced. The first stage in the production of any organism is the fertilisation of an ova by spermatozoa (or spores on the case of plants). Fertilisation produces a single cell called a zygote which contains all the information required to build the adult organism. The progression (growth) from zygote to adult is achieved through cell division.
acidulation	See Soapstock Splitting .
energy	Energy that holds nucleus' neutrons and protons together.
universal filter tester	Filtration equipment similar to the AFI unit, but in a vertical direction to allow for low air velocity testing
wrinkle	A surface imperfection in laminated plastics in one or more outer sheets of paper, fabric or other base which has been pressed in or out.
hold tank	A term sometimes used to describe storage tank(s) in which stable premixes are made and then held until the material is required to be transferred to the "run" tanks on the machine.
nano	Prefix meaning one-billionth.
ion	Removing or adding electrons to an atom creates an ion (a charged object very similar to an atom).
hazardous air pollutants	Potentially airborne compounds determined to be hazardous to human health by the U.S
physical refining	Refining based on dry or wet degumming, bleaching and deodorizing, where the bulk of the fatty acids are removed by evaporation (stripping) in the deodorizing step
shot size timer	A timing device used to control the duration of the 'on' time only
dextrin	a water based product derived from the acidification and/or roasting of starch.
shallow cycle	Depth of discharge may be as low as 2-5% for a typical automotive battery.
electron	An electron is a very small particle that spins around the center of an atom
checking	The formation of slight breaks or cracks in the surface of the adhesive.
formation of film	The ability of paint to form a constant dry film layer
fracture toughness	A measure of the damage tolerance of a material containing initial flaws or cracks.
control chart	A graphic representation of a characteristic of the process; includes a central line, upper and lower control limits and process values plotted on the chart
velocity	Speed of an object; the change in position over time.
applicator drag	Resistance felt when pulling an applicator across a wood floor
eps	Thermoplastic used for insulation and packaging.
shot timer	A term normally used as a synonym for shot size timer.
autoclave	Pressure vessel in which assemblies are placed for curing when even pressure and temperature is required
cad/cam	Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing.
compaction	The application of a temporary vacuum bag and vacuum to remove trapped air and compact to layup.
fiber orientation	The fiber alignment in a non-woven or a mat laminate in which most of the fibers are the same direction, thereby affording higher strength in that direction.
coronizing	Continuous heat cleaning and weave setting.
substrate	The substance acted upon and changed by an enzyme during a biochemical reaction
solubility	A measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a specific solvent
zapping	One of the two major reticulation processes
material qualification	The procedures used to accept a material by a company or organization for production use.
anoxia	lack of oxygen in blood or tissues.
viscosity	A measure of the fluidity of a liquid as determined by its internal fluid friction
conventional foam machine	Equipment designed for cellular foam production where the mechanism to move the foaming material away from the mixhead consists of a conveyor and sidewalls that are at one continuous angle, typically 0 - 5o
assembly time	Also called open time
noise reduction	The absorption of sound vibrations
flash	Residue from a molding or curing process that flows or is extruded from the mold or press during the process
lamina	Subunit of a laminate consisting of one or more adjacent plies of the same material with identical orientation
mechanical adhesion	see adhesion, mechanical and adhesion, specific.
froth spray	The practice of atomizing a frothed discharge from a mixer and spraying the particles of semi-expanded material onto a vertical or overhead surface
tocopherol	A naturally occurring antioxidant found in many vegetable oils.
cell count	The number of cells or bubbles per linear inch or per centimeter
stress	Internal resistance to change in size or shape, expressed in force per unit area.
macro	In relation to composites, denotes the gross properties of a composite as a structural element but does not consider the individual properties or identity of the constituents.
honeycomb	Lightweight, cellular structure made from either metallic sheet materials or non-metallic materials (e.g., resin-impregnated paper or woven fabric) and formed into hexagonal nested cells, similar in appearance to the cross section of a beehive, that serves as a core material in sandwich constructions
simulated chamber pressure	See pre-pressurization.
core	The central component of a sandwich construction to which the sandwich faces or skins are attached; also, part of a complex mold that forms undercut parts.
diffusion	When particles move to a lower area of concentration from a high area of concentration.
sag factor	Sag factor is the ratio of 65% IFD to 25% IFD and gives an indication of cushioning quality
formula	The formula that shows all the atoms a molecule consist of.
absorption	Penetration of one substance into the mass of another.
solvent cementing	see solvent welding.
confectionery fat	A broad range of fats used in the formulation of sweet goods such as candy bars, bakery product coatings, cream centers, and granola bars.
mmc	See metal-matrix composite.
cfm	An abbreviation for cubic feet per minute.
pressure gauge	A device for measuring and indicating pressure
nwfa	National Wood Flooring Association
nitrogen blanket	See N2.
solute	A solute is the substance to be dissolved
impregnated fabric	See Prepreg.
prototype	The process of creating a test article not intended for commercial release that establishes design, material and fabrication parameters for a new product
tack range	the period of time in which an adhesive will remain in the tacky dry condition after application to an adherend, under specified conditions of temperature and humidity.
hand layup	A fabrication method in which reinforcement layers, preimpregnated or coated afterwards, are placed and arranged in a mold manually
beta-carotene	A carotenoid that is a desirable antioxidant.
ignition loss	The weight of material sample that is lost when the material is exposed to excessive temperature.
honeycomb	Manufactured product of resin-impregnated sheet material (paper, glass, fabric) or metal foil, formed into hexagonal-shaped cells
decorator pillows	Small, variously shaped pillows, usually with bright colors, that are thrown onto chairs and sofas for color accent or general decoration
styrene	An unsaturated monomer, widely used with polyester resins.
autoclave molding	A process similar to the pressure bag technique
needled mat	A mat formed of strands cut to short length and felted together in a needle loom, with or without a carrier.
hardwood	Wood from deciduous trees (e.g., oak, maple, cherry, etc.).
ppe	Personal Protective Equipment.
pitch	Residual petroleum product used in the manufacture of certain carbon fibers.
non-valved components	A term used in working with 'on-off' mixing heads to describe those components introduced to the mixing zone through a port that is not controlled by the 'on-off' valve
testing equipment	The equipment or devices necessary to carry out the Test Methods
flow line	A mark on a molded piece made by the meeting of two flow fronts during molding
bare glass	Glass in fiber form as it flows from the bushing before a binder or sizing is applied.
creel	A device for holding the required number of roving balls or supply packages in desired position for unwinding onto the next processing step.
curing time	The time taken for a resin to cure (polymerise) to its full extent
fuzz	An accumulation of broken filaments.
nozzle	A very general term used to describe the discharge opening or tip of the mixing head or spray gun
aggregate	A hard fragmented material used with an epoxy binder as a flooring or surfacing medium
let-down nozzle	The device, used in frothing, that provides the transition zone between the higher pressure in the mixing chamber and atmospheric pressure
binder	A component of an adhesive composition that is primarily responsible for the adhesive forces that hold the two bodies together.
msds	Material Safety Data Sheet.
true formula	This formula tells you the number of atoms in a molecule for each element
rate tools	Tools designed to be used repeatedly in a production setting to fabricate many parts rather than a single prototype or small number of demonstration parts.
aqueous	Related to or based on water containing compositions.
coefficient of expansion	A measure of the change in length or volume of an object.
vertical cutting saws	Special foam cutting bandsaws in which the portion of the blade that is used for cutting is in the vertical plane
partially hydrogenated	An oil which has been lightly to moderately hydrogenated to shift the melting point to a higher temperature range, increase the stability of the oil, and/or modify the fat's melting characteristics
contaminant	An impurity or foreign substance that affects one or more properties of composite materials, particularly adhesion.
potential energy	Amount of useable energy within a body at rest.
root cause analysis	A systematic process for improvement and problem solving involving: identifying, defining in measurable terms, containment, collecting and analyzing relevant data and system of causes and determining root cause.
yield strength	The indication of maximum stress that can be developed in a material without causing plastic deformation.
cause and effect diagram	A diagram showing all the factors that affect a process
reinforcement	The key element added to matrix to provide required properties (primarily, strength and stiffness); ranges from short fibers and continuous fibers through complex textile forms.
thermocouple	Thermocouples are used to measure and record temperature differential in the part being cured
dynamic balance	A term sometimes used to describe the stability achieved after all operating variables are in balance on a continuous slab foam production line, and the cream line and peak rise point remain at an exact point indefinitely.
arc resistance	Ability to withstand exposure to an electric voltage
stress-strain curve	A graphical representation showing the relationship between the change in dimension of the specimen in the direction of the externally applied stress and the magnitude of the applied stress
additive	A substance added to a formulation in relatively small amounts to impart or improve desirable properties or suppress undesirable properties.
fatigue failure	Failure of a material due to rapid cyclic deformation.
room temperature curing adhesives	Adhesives that set to handling strength within an hour at 68 to 86 degrees F, and later reach full strength without heating.
fmea	Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
adhesive lamination	See lamination.
green	Environmentally friendly, resource responsible.
photons	Fundamental quantum particles. It is the interaction of photons with other particles that drives the universe.
formula	tells what chemicals a compound is made up of
seat pillow	A term used in Europe with the same meaning that 'seat cushion' has in the USA.
bobbin	The spool or shipping package on which textile yarns are wound.
scrim	Low-cost, woven reinforcing fabric in an open mesh construction.
medical foam	FXI does not manufacture any "medical foams" but rather manufactures foams that have been tested and approved by the user for use in medical applications.
consistency	that property of a liquid adhesive by virtue of which it tends to resist deformation
plasticize	The process of creating a solid crystal structure in a fat or oil product resulting in a smooth appearance and firm consistency.
scrim	A low-cost reinforcing fabric made from continuous filament yarn in an open-mesh construction
caternary	A measure of the difference in length of strands in a specified length of roving, as a result of unequal tension.
uv	Ultraviolet light.
poisson's ratio	When a material is stretched, its cross-sectional area changes as well as its length
crazing	fine cracks that may extend in a network on or under the surface of or through a layer of adhesive.
amino acid	the building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a radical
broadgoods	A term loosely applied to prepreg material greater than about 12 inches in width, usually furnished by suppliers in continuous rolls
tack	Adhesive stickiness on a coated surface that is to yet not completely dried; the property of an adhesive that permits it to form a bond of measurable strength immediately after the adhesive and the adherends have been brought into direct contact by application of low pressure.
ulsd	Ultra low Sulphur Diesel
continuous filament	An individual, small-diameter reinforcement that is flexible and indefinite in length.
crazing	Fine cracks which may extend in a network or under the surface of a moulded part.
joint	The location at which two adherends are held together with a layer of adhesive.
crowning	Caused by excessive moisture in wood floors
artificial weathering	Exposure to cyclic laboratory conditions involving changes in temperature, relative humidity, and radiant energy, with or without direct water spray, attempting to produce changes in the material similar to that observed after long-term continuous outdoor exposure
fatigue strength	Maximum cyclical stress withstood for a given number of cycles before a material fails
insulin	A polypeptide hormone secreted by beta cells in the pancreas
interface	The boundary between the individual, physically distinguishable constituents of a composite.
buckling	Failure mode usually characterized by unstable lateral deflection, rather than breakage, under compressive force.
abrasion resistance	Resistance to wear resulting from mechanical action on a surface.
nominal specimen thickness	The nominal ply thickness multiplied by the number of plies.
conformability	A material's ability to conform to difficult shapes without wrinkling or leaving excessively resin-rich or resin-starved areas
defoamer	A surface-active agent used to reduce or eliminate foam
naphtha	A petroleum distillate commonly used as a solvent for natural resins and rubber.
barrier material	A barrier placed between a cover fabric and filling materials to slow heat transfer and flame spread to the filling material
specimen	An individual piece or portion of a sample used to make a specific test; of specific shape and dimensions.
multiple component	A term used to describe a formula or machine that requires handling two or more liquid ingredients at the point of final mixing.
planar winding	Filament winding method in which the filament path lays on a plane that intersects the winding surface.
balanced laminate	A composite laminate in which all laminae at angles other than 0 degrees and 90 degrees occur only in +- pairs (not necessarily adjacent)
neutralizing	Removal of free fatty acids (FFA), hydratable and non-hydratable phosphatides, trace metals and color bodies (precipitated by mixing and reacting with caustic) by centrifugal separation
cell membrane	The thin intact film that forms the bubble walls in closed cells, also called windows.
alligatoring	Cracking of a surface into segments so that it resembles the hide of an alligator.
application cure	A gasket material is cured in application due to the temperature exposure.
weight solids	Expressed as a percentage, it is the amount of a substance which remains relative to the total weight, after all volatile components of the substance have been evaporated
virgin foam	Flexible slabstock foam that has not been processed in any manner other than cutting to shape.
plasticizers	Material added to increase a plastic's workability and flexibility
bare glass	The glass as it flows from the bushing in fiber form, before a binder or sizing is applied.
post cure	A treatment usually involving the application of heat which is applied to an adhesive assembly following initial cure; its purpose is to modify certain specific joint properties such as heat resistance, chemical inertness, etc.
insulative	Electrical property range of 1014 - 1020 ohms/square
lamination	The process of adhering 2 or more thin sheets of the same or different materials together to form a thicker product with possibly different properties
mfma	Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association
stacking sequence	Arrangement of ply orientations and material components in a laminate specified with respect to some reference direction (also see ply schedule).
capacitance	A measure of the amount of electrical charge stored (or separated) for a given electrical potential (voltage).
magnesium oxide	A thickening agent for polyester resins.
index	A measure of the stoichiometric balance or the relationship between the equivalent weights of the combining substances
solvent	Liquid in which something is dissolved, for example, the water in saltwater.
bulk density	The mass per unit of volume in powder form, including the air trapped between particles.
puncture	A break in composite skin in sandwich structure that may or may not go through to the core material or completely through the part.
polycondensation	Preparation of polyesters with liberation of water.
mixture	Composed of two or more substances, but each keeps its original properties.
lignin	The main noncarbohydrate constituent of wood
specific width	Stock that is ripped to a rough width specified on the route sheet
traverse mechanism	See spreader.
cleantech	A business model utilizing technology to improve performance and productivity while reducing costs, energy consumption or waste, and environmental impact.
photon	Massless packet of energy, which behaves like both a wave and a particle.
water contact angle	Tangent angle at the interface between droplet of liquid and a solid surface; measure of the surface energy; 0° for perfectly hydrophilic surface and 90° for perfectly hydrophobic surface
pitch fibre	Fibres derived from a special petroleum pitch.
circuit	One complete traverse of the fiber feed mechanism of a
speed of set test	A series of tests run to determine how fast a given glue can build strength under ideal conditions.
stress-strain curve	Simultaneous readings of load and deformation, converted to stress and strain, plotted as ordinates and abscissa to obtain a stress-strain diagram.
carbon	An element common to all organic substances. Graphite is one of the forms under which carbon occurs in nature (as is diamond)
monosaturated	A fatty acid containing only one pair of carbon-carbon double bonds.
ml	See cc.
isomer ratio	Is the ratio between the 2.4 isomer and the 2.6 isomer in commercial TDP
glucose	a simple sugar
formulation	The list of chemicals to be used in the preparation of a foam.
random width	Lumber ripped to no specific width
creep	The change in dimension of a material under sustained load over a period of time, not including the material's initial elastic deformation. The time-dependent part of strain resulting from an applied load.
solvent flush timers	Timers used to control the quantities of solvent and air dispensed during a solvent flush cycle by controlling the duration of the 'on' cycle of a valving device or pumping mechanism.
fatigue	Failure or deterioration of a material’s mechanical properties as a result of repeated cyclic loading or deformation over time.
heeling	A mistake that occurs when the saw blade is poorly aligned
laminate ply	A fabric/resin or fiber/resin layer that is bonded to adjacent layers in the curing process.
mixture	Mixtures are substances held together by physical, not chemical, forces
energy	The capacity to do work. Work is done by transferring energy from one form to another. For example the chemical energy in a fuel is converted to thermal energy as it burns. See also Laws of Thermodynamics.
atrophy	reduction in size or function of tissue, organs, or the entire body caused by lack of use.
speciation	A group of organisms that are able to interbreed all belong to the same species. It follows then that organisms that are unable to interbreed belong to separate species.
sandwich constructions	Panels composed of lightweight core material, such as honeycomb or foamed plastic, to which two relatively thin, composite faces or skins are adhered
set time	The period of time required to attain handling strength.
newtons laws of motion	Classical laws which enable the prediction of the path of any object from a grain of sand to entire galaxies:
a-basis	A statistically-based material property; a 95% lower confidence bound on the first percentile of a specified population of measurements
scalar	A quantity that is defined by its magnitude only (ie energy, temperature).
moulding cycle	Period of time for the complete sequence of operations to take place on a moulding press.
streaking	A dull, hazy appearance caused by finish applied too thinly or insufficient dry time between coats.
draft	The taper or slope of the male sections of a mold designed to facilitate shrinkage of pultruded profiles.
california 117 foam	Flexible polyurethane foam filling material or padding that will meet the requirements of the California Bureau of Home Furnishings' Technical Bulletin No
diffusion	when a substance spreads out within another substance as when a solute spreads out within a solvent in a solution, sometimes unevenly.
frequency	The rate as which periodic motion repeats itself.
direct current	An electric current flowing in one direction only (DC).
base	a substance that tends to donate a pair of electrons
heat	A measure of the kinetic energy within a system of particles.
standard deviation	A unit of measure to denote the spread of the process output or a sampling statistic from the process.
flat blade impeller	A mixing blade that is characterized by a generally single plane shape or flat appearance
processing latitude	A condition said to exist in foam formulations, or with components, when the normal variations in processing parameters have no adverse effect on foam quality.
extender	a substance, generally having some adhesive action, added to an adhesive to reduce the amount of the primary binder required per unit area.
oriented materials	Composites whose constituents are aligned in a particular way.
co-consolidation	A processing step where two or more thermoplastic preformed parts are joined by being placed against each other in a fixture or tool and heated under pressure to melt the matrix resin.
molding compounds	Plastics in a wide range of forms to meet specific processing requirements
wire mesh	Fine wire screen used to dissipate the electrical charge from lighting.
debond	Deliberate separation of a bonded joint or interface, usually for repair or rework purposes
x-axis	The axis in the plane of the laminate used as 0-degree reference; the Y-axis is the axis in the plane of the laminate perpendicular to the X-axis; the Z-axis is the reference axis normal to the laminate plane in composite laminates.
water-based	Coatings in which the majority of the liquid content is water.
gram	A gram is metric unit of measure for mass
micro	Prefix meaning one-millionth part (m).
tear strength	A measure of the force required to continue a tear in a foam after a split or break has been started and expressed in pounds per inch (lbs./in.)
sensitization	A state of immune response in which further exposure elicits an immune or allergic response.
cavity	The female portion of a split cavity or gun barrel drilled mold; that portion of the mold that encloses and shapes the molded article (often referred to as the die)
process	The combination of people, equipment, materials, methods and environment that produce a given product or service.
mass	The amount of a specific radioactive material it takes to create a chain reaction.
jumper hose	Usually a short length of hose needed when installing a device 'in-line' in the flow circuit of one of the components '
fibrosis	scarring in the lungs may affect oxygenation of blood.
pressure balance	A term used to describe the condition existing in an 'on-off' fluid metering circuit when the pressure during the 'on' cycle is exactly the same as the pressure during the 'off' cycle
film adhesive	An adhesive that has been placed on a carrier or calendared into a thin film (0.002 to 0.016 inch).
adherend	A body which is held to another body by an adhesive.
montreal protocol	See CFC.
caul plates	Smooth metal plates free of surface defects with the same size and shape as a composite lay-up that contacts the lay-up during curing
fluorocarbon	A term which refers to the general family of fluorinated hydrocarbons to which belong some of the most popular low temperature boiling chemicals used as blowing agents.
water content	Water can exist in a free, non-chemically bound state in a polyol
centrifugal casting	A processing technique for fabricating cylindrical structures, in which the composite material is positioned inside a hollow mandrel designed to be heated and rotated as resin is cured.
hardness index	A term used in some specifications for the 50% IFD value.
microorganism	ny organism so small it can only be seen by a microscope especially bacteria, viruses, and fungi
gums	See Phosphatides.
carbon fiber	An important reinforcing fiber known for its light weight, high strength, and high stiffness that is commonly produced by pyrolysis of an organic precursor fiber (often polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or rayon) in an inert atmosphere.
isotropic	Having uniform properties in all directions.
debonding	The separation of bonded surfaces, usually unplanned.
operating or service temperature	The temperature at which an epoxy system can operate continuously without degradation of its properties.
fibre	A unit of matter of relatively short length, characterised by a high ratio of length to thickness or diameter.
untreated	A descriptive term for glass fiber yarns having no applied chemicals or coatings other than minimal lubricant or binder for controlling intra-fiber abrasion.
modified caustic refining	A chemical refining process replacing the water washing step in neutralizing with silica adsorption in bleaching. The process and term invented by W
plasticity	A property of adhesives that allows the material to be deformed continuously and permanently without rupture upon the application of a force that exceeds the yield value of the material.
deterioration	An undesirable permanent change in the physical or chemical properties of a polymer evidenced by an impairment of these properties.
labyrinth mixing	A process similar to helix mixing, except the mixing zone is irregularly baffled instead of spiraled.
pre-pressurization	A technique used to secure more exact chemical metering when froth is to be produced
ram optical	Measurement of cell diameter with a mathematical correlation to visual pore size
lvl	Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) construction consisting of parallel veneer laminations.
q	The measurement of resonance or frequency selectivity
aspect ratio	Ratio of the length to the diameter of a fiber.
skin	A layer of relatively dense material used in a sandwich construction of the surface of the core.
isotropic	Fiber directionality with uniform properties in all directions, independent of the direction of applied load.
dimer	A substance (comprising molecules) formed from two molecules of a monomer.
cholesterol	A fat-soluble sterol found primarily in animal cells important in physiological processes.
interlaminar	Descriptive term pertaining to an object (for example, voids), event (for example, fracture), or potential field (for example, shear stress) referenced as existing or occurring between two or more adjacent laminate.
yarn	A generic term for strands or bundles of continuous filaments or fibers, usually twisted and suitable for making textile fabric.
surge	The momentary increase in relative flow rate that occurs in a fluid metering system when the pressure drops from a previously higher but stable level to a lower and again stable level
cold press	A hydraulic or pneumatic press designed to press face-glued or veneered panels without the addition of heat.
thermal decomposition	Breakdown of an adhesive caused by heat.
nip roll	A pressure system designed to apply a large amount of pressure for an instant
cte	See coefficient of thermal expansion.
frequency	The number of complete vibration cycles per second
antistatic agents	Additives that can impart a degree of electrical conductivity to foam and thus increase the rate of dissipation of electrostatic charges.
vulcanize	To subject to vulcanization.
vpf	Variable Pressure Foaming
flexural strength	The strength of a material in bending expressed usually in terms of force per unit area, as the stress of a bent test sample at the instant of failure.
bond stress	The force per unit area necessary to rupture a bond
correlation chart	Used for investigating the relationship between two variables; demonstrates whether a relationship does exist
false rma	A term which refers to the practice of increasing the initial RMA of a foam sample by formulation techniques which give only a temporary boost in firmness that is soon lost in normal use (flexing) of the foam product
drying	To change the physical state of an adhesive on an adherend surface by evaporation of the solvent components of the adhesive composition; drying can also be accomplished by absorption of the solvent components on the adherend surface.
softening range	The range of temperature in which a thermoplastic changes from a rigid to a soft state.
vibration resistance	AGM batteries have excellent vibration resistance for use in off-road vehicles or heavy equipment as compared to more traditional flooded batteries
surface tension	The property of a liquid which causes the surface to pull into the smallest area for a maximum volume, hence, drops are spherical
charge	The amount of unbalanced electricity in a system. Either positive or negative.
wet physical refining	Physical Refining based on Wet Degumming.
central nervous system	the brain and spinal cord.
roving doff or "doff"	The final product sold to the customer
hydrolysis	A chemical reaction in which water is a reactant.
master-slave drive system	See interlocked systems.
buckling	Failure mode generally characterized by an unstable lateral material deflection due to compressive action on the structural element involved.
buckshotting	A term used in slightly different ways by many people but ordinarily refers to the presence of a scattering of cells 2 to 4 times larger than the uniform background cell diameter
parting line	A mark on a molded piece where the sections of a mold have met in closing.
seat cushions	Blocks of foam used for padding in chairs on which a person sits
acidosis	condition of decreased alkalinity of the blood tissues
contaminant	An impurity or foreign substance that affects one or more properties of composite material, particularly adhesion.
astm	The abbreviation for American Society for Testing and Materials, a non-profit corporation organized in 1898
aging	The process of exposing materials to an environment for an interval of time.
part consolidation	A process of composites fabrication in which multiple discrete parts are designed and fabricated together into a single part, thus reducing the number of fabricated parts and the need to join those parts together.
toughness	A measure of a material's ability to absorb work, or the actual work per unit volume or unit mass of material that is required to rupture it
yield value	The stress (either normal or shear) at which a marked increase in deformation occurs without an increase in load.
exothermic	Process that gives off heat to the environment.
blocking	an undesired adhesion between touching layers of material, such as occurs under moderate pressure during storage or use.
viscosity	The property of a fluid whereby it tends to resist relative motion within itself.
positive tracking	A term used to describe the condition existing when the flow rate is changed in two or more fluid circuits simultaneously while still maintaining positive proportioning
antistatic	Electrical property range of 109 - 1014 ohms/square
hot electrode	The electrically "alive" electrode as distinguished from the "ground" electrode.
oxidation	Combining or increasing the proportion of oxygen.
one-off	Denotes a fabrication process in which a single part is produced.
hot press	A press designed for laminating or veneering in which the panel is placed between heated platens.
creel	Glass Fiber Manufacturing - A framework used to hold forming cakes so they can be wound or roved into roving doffs
cc	The common abbreviation for the cubic centimeter of the metric system
ul	Underwriters Laboratories
bioflavonoids	Any of a group of biologically active substances found in plants and functioning in the maintenance of the walls of small blood vessels in mammals.
secondary bonding	The joining, by means of adhesive, of two or more already cured composite parts.
surface to volume ratio	A means of differentiating between cavities with the same volume but vastly different shapes
sealant tape	Material used to seal a vacuum bag to a mould or to the bag itself.
free rise	The unhampered expansion of a foam sample or product in a container with no top and a height of side wall not greater than twice the diameter
dielectric curing	the use of a high frequency electric field through a joint to cure a synthetic thermosetting adhesive
resilience or resiliency	A measure of foam elasticity of springiness
platens	The mounting plates of a pultrusion machine in which the entire mold is contained for the dual purposes of restraint and heating.
shelf life	Storage life
catenary	Uniformity of strand length in a specified length of roving stretched under tension
convection	Heat transfer through the movement of a fluid, eg: warm air rising.
radio frequency gluing system	Radio frequency gluing is a process in which high radio frequency waves are used to heat substrates, causing the adhesive between them to dry.
glass cloth	Conventionally woven glass fiber material; certain lightweight glass fabrics are also called scrims.
finite element analysis	Process of selecting the optimum combination of materials in a composite, based on computer-based computational modeling and analysis.
crude oil	The oil or fat obtained from the initial extraction of a vegetable or an animal source.
exotherm	The liberation or evolution of heat during the curing of a plastic product.
split mold	A mold in which the cavity is formed of two or more components held together by an outer chase
shot	One complete cycle on an injection-molding machine.
balanced laminate	A composite laminate in which all laminae at angles other than 0 degrees and 90 degrees occur only in ± pairs (not necessarily adjacent).
yield strength	The stress at which a material exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain
deflashing	A finishing technique used to remove excess, unwanted material (flashing) on a part.
variable calibration time	The practice of catching in individual cups the output of all fluid streams simultaneously for an indefinite time period in order to check the ratio between fluid streams, but not the flow rate per minute.
blocking	An undesired adhesion between touching layers of material such as occurs under moderate pressure during storage or use.
nucleus	The nucleus of an atom is the center of the atom
cfc	Chlorofluorocarbons
fibre	Term used for filament materials.
pbo	See poly p-phenylene-2,6-bensobisoxazale.
delamination	Splitting, physical separation or loss of bond along the plane of layers of a laminated material.
delamination	Separation of composite layers, either local or covering a wide area
elasticity	A material's ability to recover its original size and shape after the force deforming it has been removed.
throughput indicater	Any one of several devices that have been calibrated to have some direct relationship with flow rate such as tachometers, speed adjusting knobs, flowmeters, etc.
gene	A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA occupying a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.
regrind	Scrap composites (thermoset or thermoplastic) collected in-plant or from post-consumer sources and reground into pellets or fine powder for reuse in molding new parts, either as a new base material or in combination with virgin materials.
bond ply	Ply or fabric patch that comes in contact with the honeycomb core during repair.
aromatic	a chemical which has a benzene ring in its molecular structure, such as benzene, toluene and xylene, which have strong characteristic odors.
visual with standards	Comparison of a sample to accepted standards
aspect ratio	Ratio of length to diameter
bleaching	Removal of color and oxidizing bodies, residual gums, soap and trace metals by mixing oil with special adsorbents (silica and/or bleaching earth)
boiling point	The boiling point is the temperature when a liquid begins to boil and becomes a gas or vapor
damping	Diminishing the intensity of vibrations.
cell stabilizer	A substance that helps the formation of fine, uniform cells in foam by inhibiting the coalescence of small bubbles.
mixer hydraulic	See hydraulic mixing head.
clamping plate	Mould plate fitted to the mould and used to fasten the mould to the machine.
volume solids	Solid ingredients as a percentage of total ingredients
vertical pour	A term which generally refers to those pour-in-place operations in which the cavity to be filled is extremely long in its vertical dimension (height) in comparison to its thickness and generally is higher (vertically) than its width (horizontally)
solute	The substance (solid, liquid, or gas) dissolved in a solution, for example, the salt in saltwater.
pressure balance valve	A valve located somewhere in the return line between the mixer and the tank and used to help in balancing pressures
thermal conductivity	A measure of how rapidly heat is conducted through a material
impregnation	The process of embedding a reactive liquid into a porous substrate in order to change its properties.
breakfree rinse	When the rinse water sheets out over a surface with no holes, breaks, or "pull backs" after cleaning
grid current meter	An electrical meter placed in the plate circuit of a RF generator to measure electrical current.
positive displacement	A term which refers to those pumps that are so designed that substantially all of the material displaced from the suction side of the pump is delivered to the outlet side of the pump
dewaxing	Removal of small amounts of high melting components (waxes) that cloud the oil at storage temperature
binder	Binder binds pigment particles to form a steady paint film and enables paint to adhere on a surface
abrasion resistance	The fundamental ability of a material to withstand surface rubbing, erosion, or scraping
air spray	System of applying paint in the form of tiny droplets in air; paint is broken into droplets (i.e
cavity	Depression in a mould; the space inside a mould where resin is poured; the female portion of a mould
thermal conductivity	A measure of the rate at which a material conducts heat through its thickness.
atmospheres	Common units for measuring pressure.
nwwda	National Wood Window and Door Association.
chalking	Surface phenomenon indicating degradation of a cosmetic surface
thermal conductivity	Ability of a material to conduct heat; physical constant for quantity of heat that passes through unit cube of a substance in unit of time when difference in temperature of two faces is 1 degree.
asphalt	Naturally occurring mineral pitch or bitumen.
surfactants	A term to describe substances that provide resiliency and stability to thin films and that markedly lower the surface tension of liquids, thus permitting easier bubble formation.
aldehyde	An organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group.
mold	An enclosed cavity or open form from which a composite component takes its shape, size and exterior surface appearance (also known as a tool).
board foot	A standard measure of foam that equals one square foot of material one inch in thickness.
anion	a negatively charged atom or group of atoms
deflect	To compress, usually by a specified amount or percentage.
fiber architecture	The design of a fibrous part in which the fibers are arranged in a particular way to achieve the desired result
metric system	The system of measurement used in almost all of science
sulfa drug	Any of the various synthetic organic bacteria-inhibiting drugs that are closely related to sulfanilamide.
collagen	the protein derived from bone and skin used to prepare animal glue and gelatin
interlaminar	Existing or occurring between two or more adjacent laminae.
resin tearing	separation of pigments in a gel coat affecting cosmetic appearance
part consolidation	A design-and-fabrication process in which a number of previously discrete parts are combined in a single component to reduce or eliminate assembly operations and associated costs.
phenolic resin	Thermosetting resin produced by condensation of an aromatic alcohol with an aldehyde, particularly phenol with formaldehyde.
fracture stress	The true, normal stress on the minimum cross-sectional area at the beginning of fracture.
acid	a solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions (H+)
oil proof	Not adversely affected by exposure to oil
pphp	Parts (by weight) per hundred parts of polyol.
blister	an elevation of the surface of an adherend, somewhat resembling in shape a blister on the human skin; its boundaries may be indefinitely outlined and it may have burst and become flattened
pressure spraying	Coating technique similar to siphon spraying, except that the coating is delivered from a pressurized pot to the spray nozzle under positive pressure
tdi index	This figure indicates the amount of TDI (toluene diisocyanate) available for reaction with the polyol, water, and other active-hydrogen sources
joint	The location at which two or more adherends are held together with a layer of adhesive.
tape laying	A fabrication process in which prepreg tape is laid side by side or overlapped to form a structure.
allele	Gene variant.
adhesive batch	A homogenous quality of finished adhesive manufactured under controlled conditions at one tine or representing a blend of several manufactured units of finished adhesives of the sane formulation and processing.
composite material	Composites are considered to be combinations of materials differing in composition or form on a macroscale
tackiness	The stickiness of the surface of a sealant or adhesive.
sound transmission class	A single number decibel rating of the transmission loss properties of a partition
structural bond	A bond that joins load-bearing components in an assembly.
pick-up roll	A spreading device where the roll for picking up the adhesive runs in a reservoir of adhesive.
impeller	A term used to describe the power driven mixing blade or rotor that is used to mix urethane components in a mixing head.
flat sawn	Grain orientation in wood in which annual rings are approximately parallel to the wide surface
honeycomb	A lightweight cellular structure (typically hexagonal nested cells) used as core in composite sandwich structures
throughput	The total flow rate of all components leaving the mixing head.
sponge	A rather ambiguous term used to describe many different foam products
energy	The energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
drape	A property indicating the stiffness of a product
ph	A means of expressing the degree of acidity or basicity of a solution
loom	A mechanical device that interlaces fibers at right angles with varying degrees of weave construction (weight, thickness and design)
noise reduction coefficient	A mathematical average rounded to the nearest 0.05 of sound absorption coefficients (IR) recorded at the frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000Hz.
separator basis weight	Also known as grammage, separator basis weight is expressed in grams per square meter.
jackstrawing	Visual effect of glass fiber turning white in a cured laminate
blister	Undesirable rounded elevation of the surface of a plastic, whose boundaries may be more or less sharply defined, resembling in shape a blister on the human skin
fea	See finite-element analysis.
gardner color scale	A system of color standards based on stable solutions of ferric chloride used in the evaluation of resins, lacquers, oils and varnishes
hydroxyl group	This is a side group which is one hydrogen atom bonded to one oxygen atom
bulk storage	A series of tanks large enough in capacity that bulk shipments of one or more of the ingredients used in the formulation can be unloaded and stored directly on the premises
ansi	American National Standards Institute.
citric acid cycle	See Krebs cycle.
cubic meter	A common measure of volume in the metric system developed from lineal measurement
n2	The chemical symbol for nitrogen
bagging	Applying an impermeable layer of film over an uncured part and sealing the edges so that a vacuum can be drawn.
winterizing	Alternative term for dewaxing and fractionation
polymerization reaction	The chemical reaction during which larger molecules are being created by the joining of smaller molecules
aromatic	A term which refers to a class of organic chemical compounds characterized by having a benzene ring type molecular structure
overlay sheet	a nonwoven fibrous mat (of glass, synthetic fiber, and so forth) used as the top layer in a cloth or mat lay-up, to provide a smoother finish, minimize the appearance of the fibrous pattern, or permit machining or grinding to a precise dimension
size system	See Finish.
fracture	When a composite material ruptures or fails by either delamination or fiber breakage.
chlorophyll	A natural, green coloring agent vital to a plant's photosynthesis process which is removed from the oil through the neutralizing and bleaching processes.
microcracking	Cracking in composites at points where thermal stresses exceed the strength of the matrix.
tacky surface	The condition of the surface of a foamed object, particularly free rise in the atmosphere, during which any object touching its surface will stick to the surface
traveller	A small piece of the same product (panel, tube, etc.) as the test specimen, used for example to measure moisture content as a result of conditioning.
balanced construction	Equal parts of warp and fill in fiber fabric
cure temperature	The temperature at which a material attains final cure.
torr	Torr is a measurement of pressure
air-bubble void	Entrapment of air between plies or in a bond line.
warpage	Dimensional distortion in a molded product
electricity	a form of energy coming from charges.
softwood	Wood from evergreen trees (e.g., pine, fir, hemlock, and spruce).
fatigue	Failure or decay of mechanical properties after repeated applications of stress
saw burn	Blackening or carbonization of a cut surface of a pultruded section
automatic pressure cut-off	A term used to describe a control system on a metering unit in which a pressure surge or over-pressurization in the fluid circuit is sensed, actuating a relay which turns off the pump drive motor
microballoons	Tiny hollow spheres made from various inert substances, i.e
ndt	Nondestructive testing
organelles	Specialized organs within cells.
cell structure	(See cell size) A term often used to point out overall uniformity of foam cell diameter
rheology	The study of the flow properties of different materials especially of non-Newtonian liquids and plastics; non-Newtonian materials are substances where the flow is not proportional to the stress applied.
homogeneous	Term for a material of uniform composition throughout.
anti-fouling paint	Paints formulated especially for boat decks and hulls, docks and other below-water-line surfaces and structures to prevent the growth of barnacles and other organisms on the bottom of ships.
dispersion	It is the spreading process of very thin structured solid particles in a liquid homogeneously.
windows	The thin membranes formed between adjacent gas bubbles as those bubbles expand enough to pack into various polyhedral shapes
softness	A subjective characterization usually determined by squeezing a foam with the fingers of hands
anisotropic material	A material which has different properties in different directions
ultraviolet light	Part of the light spectrum
cfd	Compression Force Deflection
preform	Reinforcement pre-shaped to the general geometry of the intended moulded part, usually by light pressing or by distribution of chopped fibres over a perforated former
ambient	The surrounding area; encompassing on all sides
plastic	1) A synthetic polymeric material made up from organic compounds
heat deflection temperature	The temperature at which a material will begin to soften and deflect under load.
nol ring	A parallel filament wound test specimen used for measuring various mechanical strength properties of the material by testing the entire ring, or segments of it.
additive	A component that may be added to a material to modify its properties and in general, enhance its performance
chopper	A term sometimes used to describe the in-line type cut-off saw, and sometimes used to describe a device used to cut or chop urethane foam trims into small pieces for rebonding, stuffing toys, pillows, etc
mact	Maximum Achievable Control Technology
adjustable speed	A term used by machinery manufacturers to describe the ability of their pumps and mixers to be driven at different rates of speed
chalking	Easy-friable dust formation on paint film caused by the corrosive effects of weather conditions separating the binder environment
ppi	Pores Per Inch
moisture equilibrium	The condition reached by a sample when it no longer takes up moisture from, or gives up moisture to, the surrounding environment.
buffers	Chemicals added to the formula that decrease the sensitivity of the formula to slight changes in the alkalinity or acidity of any of the components
lamina	A single ply or layer in a laminate made up of a series of layers.
relaxation	When foam rises to a maximum height and then settles back
sandability	Sandability is a relative term used to explain the performance of dried glue when sanded
dielectric	The average voltage gradient at which dielectric failure or breakdown occurs under prescribed conditions
dimensional stability	A part's ability to retain the precise shape to which it was molded, cast, or otherwise fabricated.
cracks	Long narrow openings or cavities in the foam Block that have widely separated and relatively smooth sides
laminate ply	One layer of a laminated product.
veil	ultra thin mat similar to a surface mat
delamination	the separation of layers in a laminate because of failure of the adhesive, either in the adhesive itself or at the interface between the adhesive and the adherend.
izod impact test	A test for shock loading in which a notched specimen bar is held at one end and broken by striking, and the energy absorbed is measured.
prime mover	A term used to describe the master drive motor and speed controller used with interlocked or master-slave systems.
biological	relating to biolegy;the study of plants and animals the science of how they produce and how they live
flexibility	The ability to be bent repeatedly without cracking
vector	A quantity that is determined by its magnitude and direction: forces and fields (see scalar).
voc	Volatile organic compound.
compound	A compound that consists of specifically two elements.
adhesive failure	A rupture of adhesive bond that appears to be a separation at the
deviation	Variation from a specified dimension or requirement.
hydrophilic	An affinity for water
shear	Engineering term referring to force normally applied to the surface of a given material
alara	Acronym for "as low as reasonably achievable".
resin rich	Localized area filled with excess resin, as compared to consistency of resin/fiber ratio.
catalyst air bleed adapter	A device used to surround a catalyst metering tube with a compressed air flow in order to prevent unwanted accumulation of foam around the port that could interfere with the flow of the liquid.
suspension	A mixture of solids in a liquid.
adherend	A body that is held to another body, usually by an adhesive
carbon fiber	Reinforcing fiber known for its light weight, high strength and high stiffness
insert	An integral part of plastic molding consisting of metal or other material that may be molded into the part or pressed into position after the molding is completed.
nominal value	A value assigned for the purpose of a convenient designation
hygroscopy	A material's readiness to absorb or retain moisture.
photophobia	intolerable to light.
niosh	National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.
alcohol	an alcohol is an organic compound with a carbon bound to a hydroxyl group, such as methanol (CH3OH) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
cytosol	Jelly-like substance within cells.
fiber	A single homogeneous strand of material, essentially one-dimensional, used as a principal constituent in composites because of its high axial strength and modulus.
short beam shear	A flexural test of a specimen having a low test span-to-thickness ratio (for example, 4:1), such that failure is primarily in shear.
acoustic transmission	The ability of a material to conduct or pass sound from one source to another
asthma	A disease characterized by recurrent attacks of wheezing and shortness of breath.
graphite fibers	This term is used interchangeably with carbon fibers throughout the industry.
heat	A term used colloquially to indicate any temperature above ambient (room) temperature to which a part or material is or will be subjected.
adhere	to cause two surfaces to be held together by adhesion.
denier	A direct numbering system for expressing linear density, equal to mass in grams per 9000m of yarn, filament, fiber, or other textile strand
bearing stress	Applied load in pounds divided by the bearing area
electrodes	Device that moves electrons into or out of a solution by conduction.
acute toxicity	adverse health effects resulting from brief exposure to a chemical.
cell count	In foams, the number of individual cells per unit area.
substrate	A substance that is reacted with an enzyme or is used as the food source for yeast in fermentation.4
reproducibility	The ability to produce the same result at repeated intervals
fabrication	The process of making a composite part or tool.
relativity	The relative values of time, motion, mass and energy of a body in motion
top cracks	Cracks in the top surface of a foam slab that extend across the width of the conveyor
demold	To remove a part from a tool, or a tool from an intermediate model.
distribution	A formula which gives the probability that a value will fall within prescribed limits.
alopecia	loss of hair.
flat	A surface that scatters or absorbs the light falling on it so as to be substantially free from gloss or sheen (0-15 gloss on a 60-degree gloss meter).
degumming	Generic expression for removal of phosphatides and other mucilaginous matter from the oil.
mold release agent	A lubricant used to prevent a part from sticking to a mold.
modulus	The physical measurement of stiffness in a material, equaling the ratio of applied load (stress) to the resultant deformation of the material, such as elasticity or shear
lnterlaminar	Term pertaining to the area existing between two or more layers of a laminate.
batch mixer	A term which describes a type of mixer in which the entire amount of the formula required is poured or pumped into the mixing head and mixed for a definite period of time with multiple recirculation of the material through the mixing zone
contract	to become smaller, closer together
anisotropy	The tendency of a material to exhibit different along the directions parallel to the length or width into the lamination planes; or parallel to the thickness into the planes perpendicular to the lamination.
pumper	A term occasionally used to describe a metering unit.
thermal reticulation	See Zapping
smoke	See haze.
ligase	A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor
alkyd	Synthetic resin modified with oil
wvo	Waste Vegetable Oil
qualification conformance inspection	The examination of samples from a production run to determine conformance to a given specification
non-rotating impeller	See helix mixing.
carbon fibers	Fibers produced by the pyrolysis of organic precursor fibers such as rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and pitch in an inert atmosphere
density	Mass per unit volume of a substance.
warp	A significant variation from the original, true, or plane surface.
octave band	Frequency range in with the upper limit of each band is twice the lower limit
mineral color	All minerals have colors that are unique to their chemical properties
micron	A millionth of a meter
caustic refining	See Chemical Refining .
gun roving	A special type of roving reinforcement designed for use in a gun or chopper gun.
unsaturated	When a liquid has not absorbed so much of a substance that it cannot absorb more.
glass cloth	Conventionally-woven glass fiber material (see Scrim).
acceleration	Rate of change of velocity.
pultrusion	An automated, continuous process for manufacturing composite rods, tubes and structural shapes having a constant cross section
throw pillows	See decorator pillows.
preimpregnation	The practice of mixing resin and reinforcement and effecting partial cure before use or shipment to the user
crackling effect	A faux finish that makes the piece look old and antiqued.
cpc	Continuous Platform Cutting
sandwich structure	A composite composed of lightweight core material to which two relatively thin, dense, high-strength, functional or decorative laminate skins are adhered.
profiling	See convoluting cutting.
oxygen bomb test	A special aging test given to adhesives
partial pressure	Partial pressure is the pressure of one gas in a system of two or more nonreacting gases.
recovery ratio	The ratio of 25% IFD released to 25% IFD initial when measuring IFD values at 25% deflection, 65% deflection, and then released back to 25% deflection
electromagnetic spectrum	Complete range of wavelengths which light can have
marine paint	Coating specially designed for immersion in water and exposure to marine atmosphere (See also Anti-fouling Paint).
squeeze out	The amount of adhesive pressed or squeezed out at the bond line of a joint due to pressure applied to the adherends.
haze	The smoke or fumes released from the foaming mass under normal conditions of continuous slab processing, particularly at peak rise or just after
gel point	The stage at which a liquid begins to exhibit pseudoelastic properties
y-axis	The axis in the plane of a laminate perpendicular to the x-axis.
hpva	Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association.
evaporation rate	The rate at which a material will vaporize compared with a known substance.
multicellular	an organism made up of more than one cell
coverage	the spreading power of an adhesive over the surface area of the adherend.
soft glass	A roving product whose sizing is moderately soluble in acetone or styrene, resulting in bundles that tend to open readily or filamentize in the matrix resin
fabrication	Process of making a composite part or tool.
dyspnea	sense of difficulty in breathing; shortness of breath.
overpressure cut-off switch	A switch actuated by movement of a diaphragm or bourdon tube located near the pump in the flow circuit and arranged to cut off the power to the pump drive motor
law of partition	A situation that enables a solute to dissolve in solvents based on the solubility of those solvents
load bearing	A general term, described in various ways by IFD, ILD, CFD, etc.
diffraction	The deviation in the path of a wave that encounters the edge of an obstacle.
peeling	Removing of paint from surface as stripes and leaves
mixing head mounted drive	See head mounted drive.
histogram	A bar graph displaying a number of observations or measurements within a range
aliphatic	(See also Aromatic) one of the main divisions of organic compounds (those containing carbon) and particularly indicates those compounds having ab open chain molecular structure.
volatile organic compounds	Carbon-containing chemical compounds (e.g., solvents and styrene) that evaporate readily at ambient temperatures
specification	An engineering requirement for judging the acceptability of a particular characteristic
external mix	The final mixing of the liquid ingredients outside the final discharge nozzle on the way to the target surface
mdf	Medium Density Fiberboard.
resonance	A circuit condition where the inductive and capacitive reactance or impedance are in balance.
total degumming	Special degumming enhanced by double separation stages, invented by A.Dijkstra and patented by Vandemoortele, Belgium, now owned by Westfalia Separator, Germany.
spray mixing head	A mixing head in which the primary cause of mixing is the atomization and turbulence created in the mixing zone by one or more high velocity air jets
rtm	Abbreviation for "resin transfer moulding"
electrical resistance	The measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to the passage of a current when a voltage is applied
long-mix neutralizing	Neutralization based on mixing oil with caustic at a relatively low temperature and reacting for an extended time (minutes) before further heating and separation.
run	Consecutive points on a control chart above or below the central line.
bite	the penetration or dissolution of adherend surfaces by an adhesive.
glucose	The major sugar in the body and a key molecule in energy metabolism.
glass fiber	See Fiberglass.
ingestion	swallowing
cross-linking	Applied to polymer molecules; the setting-up of chemical links between the molecular chains
batch	Material made with the same process at the same time having identical characteristics throughout.
resin content	The amount of matrix present in a composite either by percent weight or percent volume.
co-axial cable	Two concentric conductors separated by an insulating material.
continuous slab	The production of a seamless loaf of foam by laying down a uniformly distributed layer of mixed materials on a conveyor belt moving beneath a mixing head at such speed as to form a stable rising front of foam.
debond	A deliberate separation of a bonded joint or interface, usually for repair or rework purposes
tolerance	The total amount by which a quantity is allowed to vary.
materials producer	A term used to describe the basic chemical supplier, sometimes called 'raw material supplier'.
regulator	A fluid control device usually consisting of a housing, a spring loaded diaphragm and a means for adjusting the spring tension
iarc	International Agency for Research on Cancer.
discoloration	The gradual yellowing of foam due to a photochemical reaction
pinholes	Small holes on the exposed gel coated surface that are about the diameter of common pins and may be easily counted.
filament	A single textile element of small diameter and very long length, considered as continuous.
pouring point	The position at which the mixed liquid is deposited on the conveyor in a slab process system.
calibration	Refers to checking the accuracy of a measuring device
trimming	A process used to remove the flash from a molded foam pad.
fusion	When parts of the nucleus of atoms are forced together to create a new one.
specific gravity	The specific gravity is a comparison of the mass of a substance to the mass of water with the same volume
halogen	Halogen is the name of the seventh group of elements
run tanks	A term sometimes used to describe the machine tanks that form part of the metering system in order to distinguish them from bulk storage or premix tanks.
shot	The total amount of mixed liquids dispensed during one pour cycle.
dry heat aging	A procedure in which the physical properties of flexible foams are determined after purposely exposing samples to a specified elevated temperature at ambient relative humidity.
warp	The longitudinally oriented yarn in a woven fabric (see Fill); a group of yarns in long lengths and approximately parallel.
thermal	caused by heat
osha	Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
diffusion	Diffusion is a process that happens when a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
fabric	Planar textile
shot accuracy	A term which refers to the reproducibility of the total quantity delivered by an 'on-off' mixer in a specified time interval
nausea	tendency to vomit; feeling of sickness in the stomach.
orbit	An orbit is the path one object takes when it spins around another object
secondary bonding	The joining of two or more already cured composite parts using adhesives
reactance	Opposition to the flow of alternating current.
foam	In the sense the term is used in the urethane foam industry, a product, either flexible or rigid, that has been produced by the internal generation or liberation of a gas in a fluid medium that is simultaneously polymerizing while expanding in volume, The bubbles that make up the final product may be completely interconnected (open celled) or walled off from each other (closed cell).
combustion	When substances combine with oxygen and release energy.
hybrid composite	A composite made with two or more types of reinforcing fibers.
mixing chamber port	A term occasionally used to refer to a metering port.
generator	The device for converting power line frequency to radio frequency.
cryo-bond	Valpac's specialty line of adhesives and sealants for insulation attachment and sealing.
nylon	A generic name for all synthetic polyamides.
'u' value	The overall coefficient of heat transfer
mixing head	The device that mixes the component streams before dispensing the foam-producing mixture to the conveyor or container.
related proprietary board member	A Board member who owns company shares and is involved in the day-to-day management of the company.
volume solids	Division of total of pigment and binder volume to total volume
thermocouple	A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that generates a small voltage related to the temperature at the junction of two wires made of different materials
abrasive planer	A planer in which wood is removed by large sandpaper belts.
clamp time	The time that the substrates being glued together need to remain clamped.
backer	A veneer or synthetic face bonded to the backside of a panel to ensure dimensional stability.
molding	The forming of a resin/fiber material into a solid mass of prescribed shape and size.
material acceptance	The testing of incoming material to ensure that it meets requirements.
felted	Flexible polyurethane foam that has been densified by time, heat, and compression for use as a vibration dampening, fluid management, or shock absorbing material.
bundle	A general term for a collection of essentially parallel filaments or fibers.
binder	Coating which is applied to the surface of a chopped glass mat or preform and then cured to hold bundles or ends together in a stable form during the roving operation.
data transmission	The sending of data to other locations using digital or analog media that operates on a common platform.
head mounted drive	A mixing head drive motor that is mounted adjacent to the mixing head and is directly connected by framework to it
electrodes	Conductors, usually strips or plates used to carry the radio frequency power to the surfaces of the material to be heated.
material variability	A source of variability due to the spatial and consistency variations of the material itself and due to variation in its processing.
s glass	A family of magnesium-alumina-silicate glasses with a certified chemical composition that conforms to an applicable material specification and produces high mechanical strength.
laminate orientation	The configuration of a crossplied composite laminate with regard to the angles of crossplying, the number of laminae at each angle, and the exact sequence of the lamina lay-up.
filler ply	An additional patch used to fill in a depression in a repair or build up an edge.
kerosene	Dodecane (Kerosene) C12H26 commonly used mineral fuel oil used as aviation fuel and central heating consisting of many hydrocarbons containing molecules with about 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
design allowable	A limiting value for a material property that can be used to design a structural or mechanical system to a specified level of performance with a specific level of statistical confidence.
blistering	Formation of dome-shaped projections in paints or varnish films resulting from local loss of adhesion and lifting of the film from the underlying surface.
delamination	The separation of layers in a laminate because of failure of the adhesive, either in the adhesive itself or at the interface between the adhesive and the substrate, or because of cohesive failure of the substrate.
spec	Colloquial abbreviation for “specification”; describes the required properties and characteristics a particular material or part must have in order to be acceptable to a potential user.
airless spray	Method of atomizing a liquid stream for spray application purposes without using compressed air at the spray nozzle
non-conforming units	Attributes or units of data that do not meet specification.
compaction	Applying a temporary vacuum bag and vacuum to remove trapped air from the lay-up; compaction can also be achieved by pressing with external pressure such as a press, a squeegee paddle, an iron, etc.
moisture resistance	Having some resistance to high humidity
free electron	Electron which is not attached to a nucleus.
fine cell	A term used to describe foam of 80 or more pores per inch.
thick moulding compound	Similar to BMC (see separate entry) but continuously produced in sheet form with a thickness of 25 mm or more.
tin catalyst	See organotin catalyst.
velocity balance	A lead-lag problem, under some conditions of metering and mixing machine operation, in which pressures are exactly balanced (see pressure balance)
polymer	A long-chain molecule consisting of many repeating units.
curing temperature	see temperature, curing.
buckling	mode of failure generally characterized by an unstable lateral material deflection due to compressive action on the structural element involved
dielectric strength	The voltage required to penetrate insulating material
guard thermostat	An extra thermostat in the electrical circuit of a heating system, used as a safety control over the maximum temperature of the heating source.
joint	The location at which two substrates are held together with a layer of adhesive.
conductor	Material that can support flow of electric current
blow-by	Flow or leakage of internal air pressure through the part and out through the vacuum vent lines that exhaust to the atmosphere.
wrinkle	Imperfection in the surface of a laminate that looks like a crease in one of the outer layers
particle	Small portion of matter.
foam fatigue	The loss of physical properties of a foam article in use
undistilled poly isocyanate	A term used by some companies in place of 'crude' or 'polymeric' isocyanate.
equilibrium moisture content	The moisture content eventually attained in wood exposed to a given level of relative humidity and temperature.
clicking	The process of stamping out irregular shaped articles from thin sheets of foam by means of a hammering mechanism and a steel-rule die
viscous	A term generally used to describe any fluid more resistant to flow than water
db a	Sound intensity level measured on the "A" weighting network of a sound level meter
sag	A decrease in the thickness of a polymer section.
renewable	Natural resources that can be replenished at a rate comparable or faster than the rate of consumption through sound management practices.
intumescent	fire-retardant technology which causes an otherwise flammable material to foam, forming an insulating barrier when exposed to heat
copolymer	A high-molecular-weight substance containing several types of repeating structures.
aerosol	A suspension of extremely fine liquid droplets in a gas, usually air.
pore diameter	A term synonymous with cell size
step throughput	The practice of interconnecting drive motors and pumps with a multi path gear box so that several different 'fixed or 'step' outputs or throughputs are available rather than the more usual infinite variation between fixed upper and lower limits.
micro	In relation to composites, denotes the properties of the constituents, i.e., matrix and reinforcement and interface only, as well as their effects on the composite properties.
nonflammable	Incapable of being easily ignited or burned.
storage life	The period of time during which a packaged adhesive can be stored under specified temperature conditions and remain suitable for use.
mho	Units of conductivity that are used in the study of electricity.
batch	Material made by the same process at the same time having identical characteristics throughout (same as lot).
wavelength	On a periodic curve, the length between two consecutive troughs (low points) or peaks (high points).
separator	A permeable layer that also acts as a release film
lumber	Raw material obtained from the dry kiln - random width, rough boards.
translucent	Permits a percentage of light to pass but not optically clear like window glass.
laminate	Product built up by bonding two or more layers of materials.
effusion	Movement of gas molecules through a small opening.
short recycle	Short (re) cycle valving-the valves or valving device used to recirculate the separate components on a short recycle system
vacuum bag molding	Process in which a sheet of flexible transparent material, bleeder cloth and release film are placed over the lay-up in the mold and sealed at the edges
thermal shock resistance	The ability of a cured system to resist cracking or crazing under conditions of rapid and continuous thermal change
weatherometer	An instrument which is utilized to subject articles to accelerated weathering conditions, e.g., rich UV source and water spray.
shelf life	The period during which the manufacturer guarantees that an adhesive stored at some specified temperature will produce specified mechanical properties when used.
fixed calibration time	The practice of metering the various fluid streams during a fixed time interval such as 6 seconds or 1 minute in order to calibrate and set the liquid streams to a desired total flow rate per minute as well as to a desired ratio with each other.
fully automatic solvent flush	The solvent flush cycle is initiated automatically by the machine.
fiberglass	One of the oldest, strongest, and lowest cost reinforcement materials of all fibers today
structure	A composite component featuring a lightweight core material (usually honeycomb, foam or balsa wood) placed between (hence the term “sandwich”) two relatively thin, dense, high-strength, functional and/or decorative skins
dispersion	Degree to which any filler material separates into discrete particles or units
organic	Designating or composed of matter originating in plant or animal life or composed of chemocals of hydrocarbon origin, either natural or synthetic.
isocyanate index	A measure of the stoichiometric balance between the equivalents of isocyanate used to the total equivalents of water, polyols and other reactants
nm	An abbreviation for nanometers
gravitation	A process used to separate compounds that have different densities
solvent welding	the process of joining articles made of thermoplastic resins by applying a solvent capable of softening the surfaces to be joined and pressing the softened surfaces together
doctor	Device that controls the amount of adhesive applied.
fibre placement	A hybrid between the filament winding and tape laying processes
hydrolytic degradation	The degradation of flexible polyurethane foam by hydrolysis or disassociation by water and heat under conditions of constant exposure
flak	A slang term used to describe many small splits scattered widely throughout and on the top surface of a foam slab or Block
surface appearance	The smoothness, gloss and presence or lack of surface defects in a coating.
stress crack	External or internal crack caused by mechanical stresses
sensitization	state of immune response reaction in which exposure to a material elicits an immune or allergic response.
blister	An elevation of the surface of a substrate, somewhat resembling in shape a blister on the human skin; its boundaries may be indefinitely outlined and it may have burst and become flattened.
thermoplastic	A plastic which softens each time it is heated.
colloid	A substance with components of one or two phases, a type of mixture intermediate between homogeneous solution and heterogeneous mixture with properties also intermediate between a solution and a mixture
creep	The time dependent part of strain resulting from an applied stress.
nucleotide	A unit that polymerizes into nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
coma	extended loss of consciousness due to an injury, illness, or poison.
interface	The boundary or surface between two different, physically distinguishable media
finished dimension	The dimension of a furniture part after it has been machined to its final size either by a molder or a trim operation in the rough end.
saw kerf	The saw blade thickness taken out by the saw as it travels through the rough stock
variables	Quantitative data where measurements are used for analysis.
cake	A term applied to the glass package that is produced in the forming department
alkali refining	See Chemical Refining .
cohesive failure	The failure characterized by pulling the body of an adhesive apart.
number of components	Is a rather ambiguous term used to indicate the number of separate fluid streams that enter the final mixing zone
primer	First complete coat of paint of a painting system applied to a surface
mandrel	The core tool around which resin-impregnated paper, fabric or fiber is wound to form pipes, tubes or structural shell shapes.
fiber glass	Primarily means glass in fiber form
coating	A paint, varnish, lacquer or other finish used to create a protective and/or decorative layer
carbon-carbon	Composite material consisting of carbon or graphite fibers in a carbon or graphite matrix.
discoloration	Any change from an initial color possessed by a material, either due to environmental or internal conditions.
cycle	The complete, repeating sequence of operations in a process or part of a process
poisson’s ratio	When a material is stretched, its cross-sectional area changes as well as its length
element	A substance that cannot be divded chemically into component substances.
bond strength	Specific measurements include the load applied in tension, compression, flexure, peel, impact or shear needed to break an adhesive assembly with failure noted in or near the plane of the bond.
composition percentage	This value tells the percentage of a solution that could be a percentage of mass or percentage by volume
preheating	The heating of an impregnated material prior to molding, to facilitate the operation or to reduce the molding cycle.
type ii water resistance	Any glue that passes the ANSI Type II water-resistance specification
shiners	Light reflected from intact cell walls, noticeable on the cut surfaces of flexible polyurethane foam
vacuum bag molding	A process in which the lay-up is cured under pressure generated by drawing a vacuum in the space between the lay-up and a flexible sheet placed over it and sealed at the edges.
emulsion	A suspension of fine droplets of one liquid in another.
color durability	The ability of paint to keep its color and resist against fading.
emulsion	Spreading process of liquid chemical substance in another liquid chemical substance with the help of an emulsifier.
creel	A device for holding the required number of roving spools or other supply packages of reinforcement in the desired unwinding position.
necrosis	localized death of tissue.
resin viscosity	The viscous property of a resin system, or solid-to-liquid transition resistance to flow, which can be altered by temperature and pressure to achieve desired flow characteristics.
dna: deoxyribonucleic acid	Twisted helical polymer chains. See chromosomes.
high rise application	See vertical pour.
airless spraying	Atomization process of paint with high pressure from a hole by applying force
pico	Prefix meaning one trillionth.
irregular cells	A term describing foam having widely varying cell sizes and presenting a very irregular appearance
solvent resistance	The non-swelling of a material; also, a material's ability to resist being dissolved by a particular solvent.
cycling	One discharge and recharge = 1 cycle
asbestosis	Chronic lung disease caused by inhaling airborne asbestos fibers.
knife planer	A planer in which wood is removed by rotating knives.
flame lamination	The practice of bonding flexible foam to another material by melting one surface of the foam with a flame and quickly pressing it to the second material before the melted material resolidifies.
fiber prominence	A visible and measurable pattern of the reinforcing material on the surface of a pultruded part.
adhesive	Substance applied to mating surfaces to bond them together by surface attachment.
cross-ply laminate	A laminate having plies oriented only at 0° and 90°
cfrp	Carbon fibre reinforced plastic.
shear reinforcement	Reinforcement designed to resist shear or diagonal tension stresses.
yield	The first stress in a material, less than the maximum rate attainable stress, at which the strain increases at a higher rate than the stress
shelf life	The period of time, usually beginning with the date of manufacture, during which a stored adhesive will remain effective or useful
gel point	The stage at which a liquid begins to exhibit pseudo-elastic properties
peeling cutter	See peeler.
draft angle	A mandrel’s taper or angle for ease of part removal.
interlaminar shear	A shearing force that produces displacement between two laminae along the plane of their interface.
fillers	Relatively non-adhesive substances added to an adhesive composition to improve ease of application and/or some specific performance property such as strength, durability, hardness, dimensional stability or other characteristics.
ash content	The solid residue remaining after a reinforcing substance has been incinerated (or strongly heated).
cold pressing	A bonding operation in which an assembly is subjected to pressure without the application of heat.
nde	Nondestructive evaluation
quasi-isotropic laminate	A laminate approximating isotropy by orientation of plies in several or more directions.
capacity	The heat needed to raise a gram of a substance temperature by a degree.
heat distortion temperature	The temperature at which a sample of foam will begin to change dimensions under specified conditions of loading and environment
in-line heat exchangers	Heat exchangers that have been installed in the flow circuit so that the pump must be operating for the exchanger to be effective
"o" ring	A seal or gasket that has a round shape (like the letter O) and a round cross section.
hydraulic press	Press in which moulding force is created by the pressure exerted by a fluid.
lamina orientation	See ply orientation.
primer	A coating applied to a surface, prior to the application of an adhesive, to improve the performance of the bond.
nucleus	1
stability	Per SPC: the absence of special causes of variation where only common causes remain.
adhesive	A substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment
pareto chart	A bar graph showing the frequency of occurrence of various concerns, ordered with the most frequent one first
sealed mixing heads	A mixing head' with a built-in rotary seal on the impeller drive shaft and possibly an '0' ring seal around the mixer housing so that mixing under pressure, such as in frothing, may be accomplished without leaking the mixed materials into the bearing housing or other areas
astm	Initials used as an abbreviation for the American Society for Testing and Materials
moisture absorption	The pick-up of water vapour from air by a material
trade secret	Confidential information that gives the owner an advantage over competitors.
lamination	the process of preparing a laminate
ribosome	A complex organelle composed of proteins and rRNA that catalyzes translation of messenger RNA into an amino acid sequence
inclusion	Physical and mechanical discontinuity occurring within a material or part.
yeast	A vague term used to refer to one of the largest groupings of fungi
tack free	Surface which is not sticky, either before or after cure.
top splits	See flaps.
pinholes	Small pock marks, usually spread evenly across a floor
mixer	A mechanical device capable of mixing two or more materials together homogeneously.
ir pyrometer	A device designed to measure surface temperature by infrared emissions.
know how	A term which refers to the technical background information required in order to properly operate a specific process.
atomization	Formation of tiny droplets of liquid as in paint spraying process; atomization is usually caused by turbulence in an air stream, or sudden drop in pressure.
pinhole	A small hole in the surface of a moulded product, usually occurring in multiples.
straight sided impellers	Mixing blades or impellers that have parallel sides or cylindrical shape as opposed to tapered sides or cone shape.
separator	A permeable layer that separates and also acts as a release film (e.g., porous Teflon-coated fiberglass)
batch	For fibers and resins, a quantity of material formed during the same process and having identical characteristics throughout
o-ring	A circular disc of rubber which fits snugly around the piston to help maintain a seal between piston and cartridge wall.
oil	a broad range of inflammable and often volatile organic compounds insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
respiration	The production of energy by the oxidisation of glucose.
overlay sheet	Non-woven fibrous mat (of glass, synthetic fiber or other material) used as the top layer in a cloth or mat lay-up to provide a smoother finish, minimize the appearance of a fibrous pattern, or permit machining or grinding to a precise dimension
bolster	A specially shaped Back Cushion, usually for Danish modern style couches or divans
mer	The repeating structural unit of any high polymer.
adherence	The ability of a dry film coat to stick to a surface without blistering, lifting in thin layers or cracking
polyether	Polymeric polyol material containing a number of carbon- oxygen-carbon links, or linkages, in its main chain or side chain
dead flat	No gloss or sheen.
water absorption	A term used with rigid foam to describe the percent by weight of water pickup on submergence of a specified sample under a specified depth of water.
stiffness	A material's ability to resist bending; relationship of load to deformation for a particular material.
tooling gel coat	gel coat formulated for mold surfaces
acgih	American Conference of Governmental Hygienists.
sound absorption coefficient	A dimensionless ratio of sound energy absorbed by a given surface to that incident upon the surface
friction	Resistance to continued motion between two surfaces; also known as sliding friction.
normalization	A mathematical procedure for adjusting raw test values for fiber-dominated properties to a single (specified) fiber volume content.
pressure isolating regulator	See isolating regulator.
block	See Bun.
spread	The quantity of adhesive per unit joint area
mineral	Inorganic compounds usually found in crystalline form
primary alcohol groups	Are reactive groups present in certain polyol molecules
bag molding	A method of molding or laminating which involves the application of fluid pressure to a flexible material which transmits the pressure to the material being molded or bonded
plywood	A construction involving multiple (usually an odd number) layers of wood veneer into a panel
calibration	A synonym for metering, referring to the weighing of carefully timed amounts of chemicals from the dispensing ports of the mixing head in order to set an exact ratio of flow rates between each component or to set an exact total
rbd	Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized.
cutoff saw	The first machining operation in a typical rough mill
deliquescence	Deliquescence describes the characteristic of some solids to absorb water and eventually dissolve
blowing agent	The chemical ingredient in the formulation that provides the gas creating the expansion of the foam
spi	An abbreviation used to refer to the Society of the Plastics Industry
rule-of-mixtures	When combined, the properties of the composite material is some combination of the properties of the two constituent materials
fiber content	The amount of fiber present in a composite expressed either as a percent by weight or percent by volume
spectrophotometer	Tool that measures the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation.
mechanical mixing head	A mixing device in which the primary cause of mixing is a power driven rotor or impeller which, by its speed of rotation and configuration, imparts turbulence to the fluids as they enter the mixing zone.
substrate	A material on which an adhesive-containing substance is spread for any purpose, such as bonding or coating.
pitch fibers	Reinforcement fiber derived from petroleum or coal tar pitch.
laminate	To unite layers of material with adhesive.
knitting	A method of constructing fabric by interlocking series of loops of one or more yarns.
surface area	A measurement of the exposed surface of an object.
fiber content	The amount of fiber present in a composite.
yield point	See elastic limit
mixing zone	The portion of a mixing chamber in which mixing is actually accomplished
blister / blistering	Undesirable raised areas in a moulded part caused by local internal pressure, usually due to trapped air, volatile reaction by-products or water entering by osmosis.
water absorption	Ratio of the weight of water ab-sorbed by a material to the weight of dry material.
nfpa	National Fire Prevention Association.
sedimentary rock	A rock type that has been created by the deposit and compression of sediment
kingdom	of the three only groups witch things are place;in biology one of the major groups
inclusion	A physical and mechanical discontinuity occurring within a material or part, usually consisting of solid, encapsulated foreign material
crack	A visual separation that occurs internally or penetrates down from the pultruded surface to the equivalent of one full ply or more of reinforcement.
blistering	A phenomenom which occurs in boat hulls because the materials used to manufacture the hulls is water permeable (generally FRP)
normality	A measure of substance equivalents that are dissolved in a volume of solution
high shear mixer	A mixer blade or impeller of the general type that mixes primarily by smearing multiple thin films of chemicals together in a high-speed close tolerance device
autoclave molding	The process by which a layup in a mold or tool is cured or consolidated in an autoclave, rather than by some other means.
blister	A rounded elevation of the pultruded surface with boundaries that may be more or less sharply defined.
recovery	The degree an elastomeric material returns to its original dimensions after being stressed
total flow rate	See flow rate.
pin holes	Small holes caused by the mold used.
desiccant	A desiccant goes through a process of deliquescence to dry an area or volume of air
emphysema	an irreversible lung condition in which the alveolar walls lose resiliency, resulting in excessively reduced lung capacity
diffuse porous	Hardwood without distinct passages or pores in the annual growth rings (e.g., maple, poplar, and cherry).
material system class	A group consisting of material systems categorized by the same generic constituent materials, but without defining the constituents uniquely; e.g., the carbon/epoxy class.
warp	The yarn running lengthwise in a woven fabric; a group of yarns in long lengths and approximately parallel.
custom	Foam which has many cell membranes still intact, Contrast with reticulated foam.
sterol	A compound made up of the sterol nucleus, an 8-10-carbon side chain, and an alcohol group.
impact force	The energy power of impact
solid fat content	A measturement of a fat's melting characteristic using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
fracture	The separation of a body. Defined both as a rupture of the surface without complete separation of the laminate or as a complete separation of a body because of external or internal forces.
weft	See fill.
metamerism	The tendency of foam color to shift hues when viewed under different light sources.
hydraulic mixing head	A mixing device in which the primary cause of mixing is the turbulence created by the interference of the streams of liquid components with each other as they are introduced into the mixing area
coverage	A measure of the ability of the adhesive to be spread over adherend surfaces; the total amount of adhesive required per 1000 sq ft of bonded assembly.
afma	American Furniture Manufacturers Association.
bearing yield strength	The bearing stress at which a material exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the proportionality of bearing stress to bearing strain.
hybrid	A composite laminate consisting of two or more composite material systems
porosity	The presence of visible voids within a solid material into which either air or liquids may pass.
ambidextrous	Using both hands with equal skill
filter	A device to remove unwanted particles of material from the liquid streams of chemicals
malleability	the property of a metal that allows it to be hammered, rolled, pressed or forged.
gel-coat	A thin layer of unreinforced resin on the outer surface of a reinforced resin moulding (usually applied direct to the mould as the first layer), which hides the fibre pattern of the reinforcement, protects the resin/reinforcement bond, give a smooth external finish, and can also provide special properties
mineral vein	A strip of pure mineral found in a rock
light resistance	The ability of a plastics material to resist fading after exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light
mixing head hold-up	See hold-up.
tangential grain	Grain orientation in wood in which annual rings are approximately parallel to the wide surface
particulate	Composed of fine particles.
box foam	Generally, any foam of approximately 1 cubic foot or larger volume produced in the laboratory using custom-built semiautomatic mixing equipment.
toughness	A measure of the energy required to break a material.
finite element analysis	A process of selecting the optimum combination of materials in a composite based on software analysis.
sand screening	The use of a buffer or swing machine with a sanding screen to sand a bare wood floor as a final step before sealing
electrostatic forces	Forces between charged objects.
creep	The deformation of a body with time under constant load
processability	The overall ease with which a product can be acceptably produced in a commercial facility given the normal day-to-day variations in equipment and people performance.
ultrasonic testing	A nondestructive test applied to materials for the purpose of locating internal flaws or structural discontinuities by the use of high-frequency reflection or attenuation (ultrasonic beam).
conjugate acid	A conjugate acid is a molecule that is created when you start with a base and add a proton.
combustible	Materials that will burn.
anorexia	loss of appetite.
ifd index	A ratio of the 65% compression value divided by the 25% value
throughput	A synonym for flow rate.
lycra	Brand spandex fiber registered by DuPont.
extensometer	A device for measuring linear strain.
dynamometer	An instrument for measuring force exerted or power expended.
double pass bleaching	Two stage bleaching process, also referred to as "lead-lag", where the incoming oil is first pre-bleached in a filter loaded with once used earth
force	An action (transfer of energy) that will accelerate a body in the direction of the applied force. See Newtons Laws of Motion.
let-down valve	That portion of a let-down nozzle that can be classified as a controllable valve
fluid	A liquid or gas.
stearine	The solid fat product created by fractionation.
gum	Any of a class of colloidal substances, exuded by or prepared from plants, sticky when moist, composed of complex carbohydrates and organic acids, and are soluble or swell in water.
curtaining	Sagging.
damage tolerance	A measure of the ability of structures to retain
skin	A relatively dense laminate comprising the outer surfaces (layers) of the core in a sandwich structure.
hydroxyl number	See OH number.
embryo	organism in the early stages of development before birth
monosaccharide	A monosaccharide is one sugar molecule
frequency	The number of cycles in one second, generally measured in Hertz (Hz).
z	Variable for electrical impedance (the opposition a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current), expressed in ohms.
filamentary composites	A major form of advanced composites in which the fiber constituent consists of continuous filaments
statistical process control	The use of statistical techniques (such as control charts) to analyze a process, take appropriate action to gain and maintain statistical control and improve process capability.
compatibility	The capacity of different materials from different sources or of different compositions to be combined and applied so as to yield no visible or mechanically measurable differences in the cured film or application properties.
day tanks	A slang expression generally meaning either Batch Tanks or machine tanks used for one day's production run
in-situ	In place
hybrid	A composite laminate comprised of laminae of two or more composite material systems
homogeneous	Descriptive term for a material of uniform composition throughout; a medium which has no internal physical boundaries; a material whose properties are constant at every point, in other words, constant with respect to spatial coordinates (but not necessarily with respect to directional coordinates).
fire diamond	A hazard rating system of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
conditioning	Subjecting a material to a prescribed environmental and/or stress history before testing.
orientation	Position with relation to the predominant direction of the fiber, in case of a laminate; the core ribbon direction, in the case of a sandwich structure; the warp direction of a fabric.
temperature range flexible polyurethane	Most Polyurethane Foams are good from -40°F to 200°F under constant usage
chopped strand mat	A fiberglass reinforcement that utilizes continuous rovings that are cut into short strands, arranged in a random pattern and held together with a binder.
throughput control	The condition of being able to vary the flow rate or throughput of a metering machine.
hmis	Hazardous Materials Information System
elastomer	A polymeric material which at ambient temperatures can be stretched to at least twice its original length by a deforming force and then returns to its original length upon removal of that force; elastomers can be synthetic or natural materials (rubbers).
recovery	Expressed in %, it is a measure of the resiliency of the material
cd curve	A common abbreviation for Compression-Deflection curve.
remote drive	A drive motor, usually for a mixing head, that is located at some distance from the mixing head itself and transmits power by means of a flexible shaft drive or some other method.
reactive material	A chemical substance or material that will vigorously polymerize or decompose.
thermal contraction	Contraction caused by the decrease in temperature.
bmc	See bulk moulding compound.
toll manufacturing	Manufacturing service provided to other companies leveraging existing capital and infrastructure for a volume-based fee.
whisker	A short single crystal fiber or filament
scrim	Light woven or non-woven fabric with relatively large openings between the yarns, used to reinforce paper and other products.
release paper	A sheet, serving as a protectant and/or carrier for an adhesive film or mass, which is easily removed from the film or mass prior to use.
adsorption	the action of a body in condensing and holding gases and other materials at its surface.
woven roving	Heavy, coarse fabric produced by weaving continuous roving bundles.
colligative properties	Properties of a solution that depend only on the number of particles dissolved in it, not the properties of the particles themselves
filament	The smallest unit of a fibrous material
psi	Pounds per square inch.
rebonded foam	That foam resulting from a process of adhering small particles of foam back together again to make a usable cushioning product
tolerance limit factor	The factor which is multiplied by the estimate of variability in computing the tolerance limit.
tack	Stickiness of the prepreg.
hydroxyl equivalent	The number of grams of sample required so that one gram equivalent weight of hydroxyl (17.008) will be present in the sample.
dry tack	see tack, dry.
linear molecule	A long chain molecule as contrasted to one having many side chains or branches.
glass-transition temperature	The approximate temperature above which increased molecular mobility causes a material to become rubbery, rather than brittle
overcuring	The beginning of thermal decomposition because of too high a temperature or too long a moulding time.
catalyst mix	A shortened form for catalyst mixture
float	Low constant voltage charge applied to back-up power applications to keep the battery full charged (Telecom/UPS/Other).
monofluorotrichloromethane	See trichlorofluoromethane.
heat	The term used colloquially to indicate any temperature above ambient (room) temperature to which a part or material is or will be subjected.
collimated	Rendered parallel.
independent board member	Independent Board Member: A Board member who does not own company shares and is not involved in the day-to-day management of the company.
radiation	Energy in the form of photons.
flammability	Is a measure of the burning length, time, or rate of foam
shortness	A qualitative term describing the characteristic of a polymeric material that does not string or otherwise form filaments or threads during application.
contact bonding	the deposition of cohesive materials on both adherend surfaces and their assembly under pressure.
support factor	The ratio of the 65% IFD to the 25% IFD
ablative coating	A coating that wears away in service by design
microcracks	Small cracks formed in composites when thermal stresses locally exceed the strength of the matrix
ductility	The ability of a material to deform plastically before fracturing.
separator thickness	Separator thickness is defined with one of several predefined tests under a stated load
auto tune	A circuit installed in a RF generator designed to maintain the optimum amount of power during a RF cure cycle.
biaxial winding	Filament winding in which the helical band is laid in sequence, side by side, without any fibers crossing over each other.
yardage	Similar to Yield (see) but used to describe the linear density of "bare glass" or an unsized product
selvage or selvedge	The woven edge portion of a fabric parallel to the warp.
mdi	In the United States, usually the abbreviation for pure diphenylmethane diisocyanate
spreading	The ability of coating to form a smooth paint film without showing any traces of brush
breathing	Opening and closing a mold so that gas can escape early in the molding cycle
psia	Pounds per square inch absolute.
ply orientation	Acute angle (theta) – including 90° – between a reference direction and the ply principal axis
adhesive	a substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment
core materials	The central member of a sandwich construction
hand lay-up	A fabrication method in which reinforcement layers are placed in mold by hand, saturated with resin and then cured to the formed shape.
stringiness	the property of an adhesive that results in the formation of filaments or threads when adhesive transfer surfaces are separated
adhesive film	A thin plastic film onto which premixed adhesives are cast.
flexural modulus	A measure of a material's stiffness when subjected to a bending load
change	Changes that occur on their own.
z-axis	In composite laminates, the reference axis normal to the plane of the laminate.
thixotropic	Refers to the ability of a fluid to be jelly-like or semi-solid at rest, but reverting to a liquid on being agitated or stirred
isotropic	Having uniform properties in all directions
pressure developing	A technique used to gain more positive control of metering when a water-thin (1 cp) viscosity liquid must be metered at extremely small flow rates
surface treatment	Conditioning the substrate before coating through grit blast, phosphate, etc
twa	Time-weighted average.
calorie	The quantity of heat required to raise 1 gram of water 1°C.
perpendicular heating	Radio frequency press configuration in which RF current is conducted through a plywood panel resulting in mass heating
convoluted	A fabrication process in which flexible polyurethane foam is cut while compressed non-uniformly to produce a surface with a contoured texture
open cell	The ability of foam to allow air to pass through.
inorganic pigments	Natural or synthetic metallic oxides, sulfides, and other salts that impart heat and light stability, weathering resistance, color, or migration resistance to plastics.
isotropic laminate	A laminate in which the strength properties are equal in all directions, such as contact-molded laminates or metals.
metal belt conveyor	A particular type of metal surfaced conveyor in which each slat interlocks with its neighbor in such a manner that a chain link is formed across the entire width of the conveyor
air vent	Small outlet, to prevent entrapment of gases.
flow	The movement of a resinous material, thermosetting or thermoplastic, under pressure, to fill all parts of a closed mould.
morphology	The physical form or structure in a polymeric material at the microscopic or sub-microscopic level, but not at the molecular level.
caprolactam	Raw materials derived from oil (cyclohexane), used for the production of nylon.
crystalline	Having a molecular structure in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly, three-dimensional pattern.
inclusion	Any foreign matter of particles that are either encapsulated or imbedded in the pultrusion.
color	Color is a measure of reflected wavelengths of light
u-channel	A test used to determine water impermeability of a flexible foam gasket.
valve block	That portion of the mixing head that is responsible for diverting the various flows simultaneously between recirculate and operate
dimensional stability	Ability of a plastic part to retain the precise shape to which it was molded, cast, or otherwise fabricated.
sample	Per SPC: one or more individual measurements or events selected from a process.
micron	A dimension that is one millionth of a meter
prostration	state of total mental or physical exhaustion
hydraulic press	A press in which molding force is created from pressure exerted by a fluid.
waviness	Long- or short-term undulation of the surface of a moulding.
liquid filler	See diluent.
reverberation room	A room with long reverberation time
yield strength	The load in pounds per square inch where the material under test begins to change dimensions and will not completely recover when the load is removed
volatility	Measure of a liquid's tendency to evaporate at room conditions.
solvent blown foam	See blowing agent
titanium dioxide )	Chalk-free light white colored pigment with high opacity which is used in paints, plastics and rubbers as a principle pigment
aspect ratio	Ratio of length to diameter of a fiber.
axial winding	in filament-wound reinforced plastics, a winding with the filaments parallel or at a small angle to the axis (0° helix angle).
drying	Removal of moisture (water) from degummed or neutralized and washed oils before storage or bleaching filtration, by spraying the heated oil into a vacuum vessel and evaporating the water.
curing agents	Chemical compounds used to cure thermosetting resins.
postforming	The forming, bending, or shaping of fully cured, C-stage thermoset laminates that have been heated to make them flexible
slippage	the movement of the adherends with respect to each other during the bonding process.
secondary alcohol groups	Are reactive alcohol groups (CHOH), present in most polyol molecules
melting point	the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
straight line rip saw	The machine used to rip boards to specified and random widths
impedance tube	Used to measure sound absorption properties
nondestructive inspection	Determination of material or part characteristics without permanent alteration of the test subject
ultimate tensile strength	The ultimate or final stress sustained by a specimen in a tension test; the stress at moment of rupture.
abs	Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (Thermoplastic Copolymer).
metastasis	transmission of a disease from one part of the body to another.
carrier	The liquid part of paint where pigment is dispersed
spread	The quantity of adhesive per unit joint area applied to an adherend, generally expressed in pounds of adhesive per thousand square feet of joint area.
batch mixing	The process of simultaneously mixing the entire amount of the formula required in one container.
chromatogram	A plot of detector response against peak volume of solution (eluate) emerging from the system for each of the constituents which have been separated.
coefficient of friction	A number expressing the amount of frictional effect: static or dynamic.
adhere	To cause two surfaces to be held together by adhesion.
plate current meter	An electrical meter placed in the grid circuit of a RF generator to measure electrical current.
crossband	TA veneer oriented at right angles to a face veneer used to ensure dimensional stability in a plywood panel.
chatter marks	Patterned repeated divots in a wood floor caused by the use of a drum-sanding machine
rosin	A resin obtained as a residue in the distillation of crude turpentine from the sap of the pine tree (gum rosin) or from an extract of the stumps and other parts of the tree (wood rosin).
cohesion	the state in which the particles of a single substance are held together by primary or secondary valence forces
cure cycle	The schedule of time periods at specified conditions to which a reacting thermosetting material is subjected in order to reach a specified property level.
jaundice	A condition characterized by high levels of bilirubin in the blood and deposits of it in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera, resulting in a yellow appearance
quarter sawn	Grain orientation in wood in which annual rings are approximately perpendicular to the wide surface
unidirectional	Strength lying mainly in one direction
hardening	An increase in resistance to indentation
ceramic	A rigid, frequently brittle material made from clay and other inorganic, nonmetallic substances and fabricated into articles by sintering, that is, cold molding followed by fusion of the part at high temperature.
dilantic	Is a term sometimes applied to a liquid that resists being moved but is quite fluid at rest
dwell time	In pultrusion, a pause in the normally continuous pulling motion which allows the material to cure under static condition
pillow	A somewhat ambiguous term applied, in the USA, to a wide variety of small cushions used in many different type Applications
ejection / demolding	The process of removing a molding from the molding impression; by mechanical means, by hand, or by the use of compressed air.
hadrons	Quark composites: mesons and baryons
one-roll paper feed system	A system of paper handling for the lining of conveyors in continuous slab foam processing, based on a single roll of paper that is wide enough to form the bottom plus both sides of the trough
board foot	A standard of measurement in the foam and construction industry which refers to a square foot of material one inch in thickness
corrosion resistance	A material's ability to withstand ambient natural factors or those of a particular artificially created atmosphere, without degrading or changing in properties
initiation time	A synonym for cream time
material tanks	An ambiguous term sometimes used to refer to the machine tanks built into or onto the metering system and sometimes used to refer to the material storage tanks in which bulk chemicals are stored until needed.
reniform habit	A shape of a large crystal which has the arrangement of several small rounded balls stuck together
acid refining	See Special Degumming .
shrinkage	The relative change in dimension between a dimension measured on the mold when it is cold and the dimension of the molded object 24 hours after it has been molded.
composite	A material that combines fiber and a binding matrix to maximize specific performance properties
stress	The measure of the force acting on a body.
accelerated weathering	A set of laboratory conditions to simulate in a short time the effects of natural weathering
flammability	A measure of a materials ability to support a flame at ambient conditions
fiber	Filamentary material.
yellowing	A color change in an unpigmented system, usually due to exposure to Ultraviolet rays or other weathering conditions.
cream time	A time interval defined somewhat differently between a laboratory batch or hand mix and a production machine mixer
ifd value	A shortened form of Indentation Load Deflection value, formerly known as RMA value
expansion spacing	Often called "washer rows"
ild	Indentation Load Deflection
outgassing	The release of solvents and moisture from composite parts under a vacuum.
mat	A fibrous material for reinforced plastic consisting of randomly oriented chopped filaments, short fibers (with or without a carrier fabric) or swirled filaments loosely held together with a binder.
glass transition	A reversible change in an amorphous polymer between a viscous condition and a hard, relatively brittle condition.
preply	Layers of prepreg material, which have been assembled according to a user specified stacking sequence.
cross laminated	Material laminated so that some of the layers are oriented at various angles to the other with respect to the laminate grain
ul 94	Underwriters Laboratories horizontal burn test applying to flexible polyurethane foam with ratings of HF1, HF2 and HBF.
back cushion	A chair cushion that forms the back of the unit and is characterized by being leaned on rather than sat on
temperature conditioning	The process of bringing the object or surface to a specified operating temperature
quenching	One of the two major reticulation processes
yield	The percent of usable, defect-free lumber that can be cut from a rough cutting, board or bundle of lumber.
carbon fiber	Fiber produced by the pyrolysis of organic precursor fibers, such as rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and pitch, in an inert environment.
technicalese	The special technical language often used by science or engineering trained personnel which has meaning only to others of similar training.
gastrointestinal tract	the stomach and intestine as a functional unit.
concentration	The amount of a substance dissolved in a liquid.
haps	see hazardous air pollutants.
cutting angle	The angle between the face of a cutting edge and a plane perpendicular to its cutting direction.
resin heater	Is a heater, usually in-line, that is in the fluid circuit, (either polyol or isocyanate stream).
heat distortion temperature	The temperature at which a material will bend under a given load
x-axis	In composite laminates, an axis in the plane of the laminate which is used as the 0 degree reference for designating the angle of a lamina.
ambient noise	The sound pressure levels associated with a given environment.
tdi	Toluene diisocyanate
specialty industrial foam	SIF
package unit	A unit that needs only to be supplied with services and filled with chemicals to make foam
tacky-dry	pertaining to the condition of an adhesive when the volatile constituents have evaporated or been absorbed sufficiently to leave it in a desired tacky state.
glass-transition temperature	The midpoint of the temperature range over which an amorphous material changes from (or to) a brittle, vitreaous state to (or from) a plastic state.
debond	A deliberate separation of a bonded joint or interface, usually for repair or rework purposes.
dip and nip coating	A coating process whereby foam is immersed in a vessel containing a solution, suspension, or heated fluid coating material, then withdrawn, squeezed between rollers and subjected to heat or drying to solidify the film deposit.
composite class	A major subdivision of composite construction in which the class is defined by the fiber system and the matrix class, e.g., organic-matrix filamentary laminate.
ultraviolet cure	The process of curing resins and adhesives with ultraviolet light.
isomer	Compounds containing the same elements in the same proportions which can exist in more than one structural form; e.g., geometric, positional, or cyclic.
dip/spin	Coating application technique in which small parts are placed in a basket that is lowered into a coating bath, then raised and spun to remove excess coating
surface preparation	Physical and/or chemical preparation of an adherend to make it suitable for adhesive bonding.
sustainable	A process or state that can be maintained at a given level indefinitely.
pullwinding	A variation of pultrusion where fibre is wound in the crosswise direction during the pultrusion process.
polynucleotide	A DNA polymer composed of multiple nucleotides.
separate application adhesives	see adhesive, separate application.
half life	The amount of time it takes for half an initial amount to disintegrate.
antimicrobials	Substances that destroy or inhibit the growth of micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses.
cellular material	A material containing many small cells dispersed throughout it
gang saw	A type of machine that uses a series of saws on the same arbor to rip lumber
positive proportioning	A term which refers to the condition in which two or more fluid streams are positively metered with respect to an absolute standard and are maintained in an exact ratio with each other continuously.
c02	The chemical symbol for carbon dioxide.
solvent	A liquid in which another substance may be dissolved.
braid	A system of three or more yarns which are interwoven in such a way that no two yarns are twisted around each other.
plasticiser	A chemical compound added to some plastics to render them softer or more flexible.
functionality	The number of reactive groups attached to a single molecule
condensation	When vapor changes into a liquid.
moisture meter	A small electronic device designed to determine the moisture content of wood stock.
binder	a component of an adhesive composition that is primarily responsible for the adhesive forces that hold two bodies together.
resistance	The opposition to current flow through a material measured in Ohms.
anaerobic	Adhesives that cure in the absence of oxygen.
structural bond	A bond that joins basic load-bearing parts of an assembly
hemoglobin	The iron-rich respiratory pigment in red blood cells of vertebrates, consisting of about 6 percent heme (the prosthetic groups of cytochromes) and 94 percent polypeptide globin.
self cleaning	The ability of a mixing device to so completely expel the mixed materials after an 'on' cycle that repetitive cycles can be accomplished without any clogging
fire point	Lowest temperature that a liquid will produce sufficient vapor to ignite and continue to burn.
cure time	The period of time required to attain a full cure.
point	When a solution is completely neutral in a titration.
molding cycle	The period of time occupied by the complete sequence of operations on a molding press requisite for the production of one set of moldings; the operations necessary to produce a set of moldings without reference to the time taken.
vibration eliminator	A term sometimes used to describe a special fitting on the suction side of a rotary pump that is used to isolate the pump from the tank by means of a rubber coupling or bushing so that stresses on the pump casing are reduced
condensation	A polymerization reaction in which simple byproducts (e.g., water) are released.
zero bleed	A laminate fabrication procedure that prohibits loss of resin during cure.
electrolysis	Changing the chemical structure of a compound using electrical energy.
fill	In a woven fabric, the yarn running from selvage to selvage at right angles to the warp.
composite fabrication	A framework used to hold spools of fiberglass roving or other fiber (tow), from which the fibers (tows) are dispensed and "threaded up" through guide eyes and combs into a prepregging process.
scurvy	A disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C
nofma	National Oak Flooring Manufacturers Association
liquid	Liquids are an in-between phase of matter, between solids and gases
matrix	The essentially homogeneous material in which the fiber system of a composite is embedded.
either-or mixing head	A mixing head capable of being used for conventional or froth pours with no modifications other than the substitution of metering ports or 'mixer housings'.
lag	A term which refers to the delay or reduction in flow that occurs when a restriction in the flow circuit causes a build-up in pressure
grease	oily or fatty matter, normally of organic origin, consisting of hydrocarbon chains
graphite	The crystalline allotropic form of carbon.
fluoropolymers	Family of engineering plastics containing fluorine, characterized by high thermal stability, almost universal chemical resistance and low friction.
adhesion	The phenomenon by which one material is attached to another by means of surface attraction.
composite	A material made up of two or more different substances, each having its own properties, combined to form a third substance with its own specific performance properties
capability	When the average +/- 3X standard deviation is within the specification tolerance.
formulation	A term used either as a synonym for formula (the list) or used to refer to the chemicals that would be used in the preparation of a foam from a formula.
interface	The surface between two materials (in glass fibers, for instance, the area at which the glass and sizing meet; in a laminate, the area at which the reinforcement and laminating resin meet.)
fatigue	A measurement of the loss in load bearing under simulated service conditions, generally expressed as a percentage load loss
interlaminar shear	Shearing force that produces displacement between two laminae along the plane of their interface.
continuous heat resistance	Maximum temperature to which material should be subjected in a continuous application
nanofiller	Very small particulate, with at least one dimension in the nanometer range (10-9m)
hydrophobic	Something that is afraid or repulsed by water
scorch	A yellow or brown discoloration of the foam, particularly in the center
stripping	Bulk removal of fatty acids as part of the deodorizing process.
thermoplastic	Capable of being repeatedly softened by an increase of temperature and hardened by an increase in temperature
wave	A signal which propagates through space, much like a water wave moves through water.
soft tool	Tool made of composites or a similar “soft” material that is vulnerable to damage during use, storage or transportation
paper handling device	An overall description given to an apparatus on a slab foam production line that cradles one or more rolls of paper, allows the paper to unwind over a special framework at the proper tension, shapes the paper to the form desired, smoothes and flattens the paper on the conveyor, and may or may not unwind the paper from the foam slab.
specific heat	The amount of heat it takes for a substance to be raised 1°C.
strength	the maximum stress which a material is capable of sustaining.
scraper unit	A shortened form of scraped surface heat exchanger package unit.
volatiles	Materials in a sizing or resin that can be vaporized at room or slightly elevated temperatures.
stress corrosion	Preferential attack of areas under stress in a corrosive environment, that alone would not have caused corrosion.
opacity	The degree of obstruction to the transmission of visible light.
step joint	A small change in height of adjacent staves in a panel caused by changes in moisture content
deviation	Variation from a specified dimension or requirement, usually defining the upper and lower limits.
cwa	Clean Water Act.
bonding	A synonym for gluing, adhering, laminating or rebonding
finish	Material applied to fibers, after sizing is removed, to improve
frp	Fibre reinforced plastic
compression strength	The crushing load at failure of a material, divided by cross-sectional area of the specimen.
coefficient of expansion	The coefficient of linear expansion is the ratio of the change in length per degree to the length at 0°C.
igneous rock	A rock type that has been created from super-heated magma
volume resistivity	The ratio of the electrical resistance through a cross section A divided by the length through which the current flows
elastic limit	The greatest stress a material can sustain without permanent strain after the stress has been completely released
inductance	The property that opposes a change in existing current flow, which occurs only when the current is changing.
cspc	Consumer Products Safety Commission (U.S.).
preform	A fibrous reinforcement preshaped on a mandrel or mock-up to the approximate contour and thickness desired in the finished part.
fractionation	Removal of higher melting fractions (stearine) that solidify at higher than desired temperatures
closure	A mathematical term which says that if you operated on any two real numbers A and B with +, -, * or /, you get a real number.
cell	In honeycomb core, a cell is a single honeycomb unit, usually in a hexagonal shape.
enzyme	A protein molecule that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered by the reactions
strain	the per unit change, due to force, in the size or shape of a body referred to its original size or shape
molded edge	An edge which is not physically altered after molding for use in final form and particularly one which does not have fiber ends along its length.
electrons	Negatively charged atomic particles.
matrix content	Amount of matrix present in a composite expressed either as a percent by weight or percent by volume
additives	Specialist chemicals which are added to resins/compounds to impart specific properties, such as flame retardancy, impact improvement, UV resistance.
nvr	Non-Volatile Residue
actin	A protein found in muscle tissue that acts together with myosin as a factor in muscle contraction.
mill	A term which, in the rubber industry, refers to a roller type mixing device that is effective with mixing very high viscosity materials such as gum rubbers and elastomers
sara	Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
temperature stratification	The unmixed or layered condition often encountered in machine tanks without agitation, particularly the larger ones
thermal expansion	Expansion caused by by an increase in temperature.
fiber content	The amount of fiber present in a composite
void filling	A term occasionally used as a synonym for pour-in- place
alternating current	The change of an alternating flow of current from zero to a positive peak, returning through zero to a negative peak and back to zero, repeated continuously.
die	The mold, either one- or two-sided and either open or closed, in or upon which composite material is placed to make a part.
mat binder	Resin applied to glass fiber and cured during the manufacture of mat that holds fibers in place and maintains the mat's shape.
open molding	A term which refers to the practice of pouring into a cavity having a closed bottom and sides but an open top
base	a substance that yields hydroxide ions in water solution
toughness	The ability of a material to absorb energy.
soapstock	The by-product from the neutralizing step of chemical refining consisting of soap, hydrated gums, water, oil, and other impurities.
dielectric heat sealing	A sealing method in which materials, such as films, are heated rapidly by dielectric heating, causing adhesion.
crown	A term used by the furniture industry to describe a mattress or cushion that is thicker in the middle than it is at any edge
firmness	Regarding felt, the thickness ratio of unfelted base stock to felted foam
y-axis	In composite laminates, the axis in the plane of the laminate which is perpendicular to the x-axis.
wet lay-up	This method is normally used for building fiberglass boats
super foot	A European term usually synonymous with the American 'board foot' which is 12 inches x 12 inches x 1 inch
moisture content	The amount of moisture in a material determined under prescribed condition and expressed as a percentage of the mass of the moist specimen, i.e., the mass of the dry substance plus the moisture present.
sheet molding compound	A ready-to-mold glass fiber reinforced polyester material primarily used in compression molding.
humidity	The ratio of the amount of moisture contained in the atmosphere to the amount of moisture that can be carried in the atmosphere at a given temperature
filler	A relatively inert substance added to a material to alter its physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and other properties or to lower cost
anesthesia	loss of sensation, including loss of touch, pain, vibration sense, and/or temperature sense.
original equipment manufacturer	Describes a company that designs and builds products bearing its name; for example, Boeing 777 aircraft or Prince tennis racquets.
checking	Type of failure in which cracks in the film begin at the surface and progress downward; the result is usually a straight Vshaped crack which is narrower at the bottom than the top
ejection plate	A metal plate used to operate ejector pins; designed to apply a uniform pressure to them in the process of ejection.
continuous strand	Fiberglass mat of very long individual fibers that have a regular crossed pattern and are loosely held together with a binder.
press time	The period required for a joint to be held under pressure.
ultimate elongation	Elongation at rupture
net shape	Fabricated to final dimensions that do not require machining or cutting.
aramid	A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance consisting of a long-chain synthetic aromatic polyamide in which at least 85% of the amide (-CONH-) linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.
hydrophilic	Capable of absorbing water.
vapor pressure	The pressure of a vapor above the liquid from which it formed
curing time	The time needed to cure or "set" an adhesive.
thermosetting	Polymeric materials which harden when exposed to high temperatures and pressures but cannot be softened or remelted upon further heating; the hardening of polymeric materials upon heating is due to a largely irreversible chemical reaction.
stress	An applied force or pressure, as tension or shear, exerted on a body which produces a resultant strain on the material
tenacity	Term used in yarn manufacture and textile engineering to denote the strength of a yarn or filament of a given size
nomex	is the registered brand name of a flame retardant meta-aramid material marketed and first discovered by DuPont in the 1970s
hydrophobic	Capable of repelling water.
steam blows	An internal delamination in a hot- or radio frequency-cured panel caused by an internal buildup of steam.
preform	Preshaped fibrous reinforcement formed when chopped fibers are distributed by air, water flotation or vacuum over the surface of a perforated screen to the approximate contour and thickness desired in the finished part
flash point	The temperature at which an oil sample, when heated under prescribed conditions, will flash when a flame is passed over the surface of the oil.
layup code	Designation system for abbreviating the stacking sequence of laminated composites.
commingling	Assembly of a reinforcement yarn with a thermoplastic in yarn or thread form, in a predetermined ratio.
baryon	A three quark hadron. The most common baryons are protons and neutrons.
post bleaching	Part of hydrogenation process
cell	The 12-sided structure (dodecahedron) formed by the nucleation and growth of bubbles within the reacting liquid
direct roving	Roving produced by winding a large and determined number of filaments direct from a bushing.
transportable	Another ambiguous term referring to movable equipment
amino acid	An
braid/braider	A narrow tubular or flat fabric produced by intertwining a single set of yarns according to a definite pattern.
ribbon direction	On a honeycomb core, the length of the core splice; the direction perpendicular to the direction of cell expansion (w-direction)
prime contractors	Referred to as “primes”; companies that are awarded government contracts and usually work with subcontractors (or “subs”) who provide individual and specific components or systems relevant to the contract
extruder	Machine that pushes molten plastic through a die to form fibers, films or other desired shapes.
coil	A conductor wound into a helical/configuration of uniform cross-section.
permanent set	The increase in length, expressed in a percentage of the original length, by which an elastic material fails to return to original length after being stressed for a standard period of time
ply	One of the layers that makes up a stack or laminate
pouring head	A mixing head designed only to dispense liquid mixtures.
btu	British Thermal Unit
ndi	Nondestructive inspection
quantum	The term quantum is used to describe the amount of energy in one photon of light.
extenders	Ingredients frequently having some adhesive property, added to an adhesive composition in order to reduce the cost of the amount of the primary adhesive component required per unit of bond area.
hollow joints	A machine problem caused by poor alignment of the feed rollers in the head of the straight-line rip
proton	A proton is a particle found in the nucleus of every atom
thin film set	The surface becomes tack free
pre-cure oven	An oven in which pre-curing is accomplished
dry physical refining	Physical Refining based on Dry Degumming.
beater addition	A manufacturing process used to make gasket material
s-basis	The mechanical property value which is usually the specified minimum value of the appropriate government specification or SAE Aerospace Material Specification for this material.
cardiovascular	system of the human body involving the heart and blood vessels.
strength	The measure of the stress required to deform or break a material.
crazing	Fine cracks that may extend in a network on or under the surface of or through a layer of adhesive.
biaxial material	Material having fibers oriented in both the warp (0 degrees) and weft (90 degrees) directions.
isotropic	Having the same properties in all directions.
brush hydrogenation	See Hydrogenation
light	The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. White light is a combination of all the above colours.
interlaminar shear	Shearing force tending to produce a relative displacement between two lamina in a lamina along the plane of their interface.
manual-automatic selector switch	A switch, included on the control panel by some machine manufacturers, that permits the operator to choose between automatic dispensing controlled by the timer or manual control timed by the operator.
bond face	The part or surface of a building component that serves as a substrate for an adhesive.
velocity	The rate of change of distance with respect to time.
free radical	A highly reactive molecule used to start the production of a polymer chain.
charles' law	A scientist named Jacques Charles did many experiments involving gas volumes and temperatures
cobalt accelerator	Accelerates cure of polyester resins.
thermoplastic	A material that will repeatedly soften when heated and harden when cooled.
laminate	A product made by bonding together two or more layers or laminae of material or materials.
calorie	A calorie is a unit scientific measure for heat and energy
normalized	Recalculated value of a measured property so it can be compared to other values that may have been measured on a different basis
type i water resistance	Any glue that passes ANSI Type I water resistance specification
adhesive assembly	An adhesive which can be employed to bond parts together such as in the manufacture of aircraft and automotive components, electronic circuitry, medical devices, furniture and many other structures or goods.
ultimate load	The maximum stress a material can withstand at the point of failure.
hydration	Precipitation and agglomeration of phosphatides by mixing and reacting acid conditioned or crude oil with water.
relaxation	A term sometimes used as a synonym for hysteresis or sometimes as a synonym for the settling that occurs after peak foam use.
flexural modulus	The ratio, within the elastic limit, of the applied stress on a test sample in flexure to the corresponding strain in the outermost fibers of the sample.
hand lay-up	Refers to prewetting mixed resin using a brush, roller, or squeegee
metering tubes	The interchangeable tubes used as discharge orifices in those machines designed for ease of pressure balancing
ihf	Initial hardness factor is the ratio of 25% IFD to the 5% IFD
fire retardants	Chemicals that reduce a resin's tendency to burn.
weldability	The inverse of clickability
entropy	Measure of the disorder of a system.
light	visible electromagnetic radiation
tapered impeller	A mixing blade or impellers characterized as having nonparallel sides coming closer together towards the discharge opening
polar winding	Filament winding in which the filament path passes tangent to the polar opening at one end of the chamber and tangent to the opposite side of the polar opening at the other end of the chamber.
slab	A section of foam cut from the interior of a large bun.
co-cured	Cured and simultaneously bonded to another prepared surface.
expansion voids	Expansion voids are areas in a maple sports flooring system where no flooring or sub-flooring components are installed, specifically to provide space for system movement.
ambient	Indicative of the surrounding environmental conditions around a specimen, such as temperature, pressure, etc.
kevlar®	Registered trademark of E.I
accelerated test	A test procedure in which conditions are increased in magnitude to reduce the time required to obtain a result
boardiness	A term describing foam that feels stiff and not flexible and yet is still in the flexible foam category
intralaminar	Descriptive term pertaining to some object (e.g., voids), event (e.g., fracture), or potential field (e.g., temperature gradient) existing entirely within a single lamina without reference to any adjacent laminae.
sleeving	A common name for tubular braided fabric.
gel coat	Surface coat of a specialized, quick-setting polyester resin, either colored or clear, providing cosmetic enhancement and weather ability to a fiberglass laminate
fossil-based oils	Oil produced from the remains of organisms in the earth’s crust with high carbon and hydrogen content; petroleum oil.
woven fabric composite	A major form of advanced composites in which the fiber constituent consists of woven fabric
wet lay-up	A method of making a reinforced product by applying a liquid resin system while the reinforcement is put in place.
body	The consistency of an adhesive; thickness; viscosity.
machine start-up service	A service provided by some machine manufacturers to start new machines in operation
pultrusion	Continuous process for manufacturing composites with a constant cross-sectional shape
vacuum bag molding	A process in which a sheet of flexible transparent material plus bleeder cloth and release film are placed under the layup on the mold and sealed at the edges
strand	An assembly of parallel filaments simultaneously produced and lightly bonded, without intentional twist.
h2o	The chemical symbol used to represent water.
face gluing	Gluing of heavy wood stock on the wide face to attain a thicker panel.
hydraulic drive mixer	A hydraulic drive motor for the mixing head in which the motor segment is head mounted and the power unit is remotely located in order to decrease the total weight of the mixing head installation
mega-	Prefix meaning one million (M).
machine tanks	Those tanks that form a part of the operating system of a foam machine, usually mounted on the machine frame with the metering pumps either inside or directly beneath.
specific heat	The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a mass of material as compared with the same amount of water.
chalking	Chalky white appearance of a layer of glue which has dried too cold
tool	The mold, either one- or two-sided and either open or closed, in or upon which composite material is placed to make a part.
loose skin	A phenomenon in molding in which the skin of the molded article is a loose intact film
self-vulcanizing	pertaining to an adhesive that undergoes vulcanization without the application of heat.
inertia	Tendency of a body to remain at rest or move in straight line.
stress	The intensity at a point in a body of the forces or components of forces that act on a given plane through the point
molecular formula	Shows the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
pultrusion	A continuous process for manufacturing composites that have a crosssectional shape
bond	The adhesion of one surface to another, with or without the use of an adhesive as a bonding agent.
vehicle	the carrier medium (liquid) for an adhesive material which improves its ease of application to adherends; solvent component of an adhesive.
composite material	A combination of two or more materials (reinforcing elements, fillers, and composite matrix binder), differing in form or composition on a macroscale
undercutting	A term used in foam slab work, particularly flexible foam, to describe the appearance of the foam front when the angle of rise is so great that the streamers have disappeared underneath the rising foam
carbonate mineral	A mineral that is made up of compounds with a carbonate group bonded to a metal
felt	Per FXI, permanently compressed flexible polyurethane foam
chlorinated paraffins	Flame-retardant additives for polyester resins.
orbital	The area of an atom where electrons orbit it.
toughness	Measure of the ability of a material to absorb energy.
scale	A condition wherein unreinforced, cured resin particles exit the die on the surface of the part.
ring porous	Hardwood with distinct passages or pores in the annual growth rings such as oak.
veneer	A thin (usually less that 1/8" thick) piece of wood.
hand lay-up	A process in which components are applied either to a mold or a working surface, and the successive plies are built up and worked by hand.
ph	An expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance expressed as a number from 0 to 14
mass	The measure of an object's matter.
chiller package	A heat exchanger used for cooling the material but including the cooling source
landfill	Disposal of waste products at a controlled location that is sealed and buried under earth.
ambient	The surrounding environmental conditions, such as pressure, temperature, or relative humidity of a specific location.
heisenberg uncertainty principle	This principle states that it is not possible to know a particle's location and momentum precisely at any time.
independent proprietary board member	A Board member who owns company shares but is not involved in the day-to-day management of the company.
mat	A fibrous reinforcing material composed of chopped filaments (for chopped-strand mat) or swirled filaments (for continuous-strand mat) with a binder applied to maintain form; available in blankets of various widths, weights, thicknesses and lengths.
horizontal cutting	The practice of cutting foam when the cutting portion of the blade of the saw is in a plane parallel to the horizon
decimal	The number of digits to the right of the decimal point in a number.
radial grain	Grain orientation in wood in which annual rings are approximately perpendicular to the wide surface
temperature	The measure of the kinetic energy present in a system.
dissociation	Breaking down of a compound into its components to form ions from an ionic substance.
loaf	See Block.
volatility	The readiness of a substance to change from a solid or liquid form to a vapor.
jigs and fixtures	See fixtures.
foam	lightweight, cellular plastic material containing glass-filled voids
solvent	A liquid capable of dissolving another substance
blowing agent	A gas, or substance capable of producing a gas, used in making foamed materials.
wood welder	Small hand-held radio frequency unit generally used for assembly gluing.
heterogeneous	Descriptive term for a material consisting of dissimilar constituents separately identifiable; a medium consisting of regions of unlike properties separated by internal boundaries
benzoyl peroxide	Aromatic peroxide.
cryogenic	Applicable to very low temperature conditions such as liquid nitrogen and below; usually referred to temperatures below 77K.
tensile reinforcement	Reinforcement designed to carry tensile stresses. Can be internal reinforcement of the product or external reinforcement such as a composite repair material placed on an existing structure.
fiber content	The amount of fiber in a composite expressed as a ratio to the matrix.
flow-rate	A term which refers to the quantity of chemicals delivered to the discharge nozzle or metering port in a specified time interval, usually expressed in pounds per minute per component, in the USA
hiding efficiency	The ability of paint to cover and hide surfaces, previously applied paints and stains on a surface
fluorocarbon	The general family of fluorinated hydrocarbons that find use as auxiliary blowing agents.
mandrel	An elongated mold around which resin-impregnated fiber, tape or filaments are wound to form structural shapes or tubes.
abhesive	a material which is adhesive resistant and applicable as a surface coating or release agent
sleeping pillow	A term which in the USA refers to the separate, generally soft and fluffy, cushion used to place under the head while sleeping, In other countries very hard pillows may be used for this purpose.
nonwoven roving	A form of fiber reinforcement composed of continuous fiber strands loosely gathered together.
analgesia	reduced sensitivity to pain.
permeability	The passage or diffusion rate of a gas, vapor, liquid or solid through a barrier without physically or chemically affecting it.
pressure cut-off switch	See overpressure cut-off switch.
porosity	The presence of numerous small cavities within a material
angle-ply laminate	Any balanced laminate consisting of plies at angles of plus and minus theta, where theta is an acute angle with the principal laminate axis.
pressure bag	A membrane which conforms to the inside of a laminate laid up on a mold
stiffness	The relationship of load to deformation; a term often used when the relationship of stress to strain does not conform to the definition of Young's modulus.
porous substrate	A substrate that is permeable by air, water, etc.
tensile load	Load applied away from and to opposite ends of a given sample.
balanced equation	A balanced chemical equation has equal numbers of atoms on each side of the equation
cell	The smallest part of a crystal that could be used to create the whole crystal.
moment	A rotating effect. See torque.
charge	Describes an object's ability to repel or attract other objects
hybrid composite	Composite containing at least two distinct types of matrix or reinforcement
mat	A sheet-type reinforcement made up of filaments, fibres or strands, cut or uncut, oriented or random, lightly bonded together
viscoelastic behavior	A term which generally refers to the flow characteristics of a material which is not completely rubber- like, not really rigid and not readily fluid.
heat of fusion	The amount of energy required to transform a substance from a liquid state to a solid state
cell	The smallest independent part of an organism.
boiling point	The temperature at which a liquid turns to a vapour.
coefficient of variation	The ratio of the population (or sample) standard deviation to the population (or sample) mean.
specular gloss	Mirror-like finish (usually 60 degrees on a 60-degree meter).
quasi-isotropic	Approximating isotropy by orienting plies in several directions.
intumescent	Capable of swelling or enlarging
specific surface area	Expressed as m2/gram
surfacing mat	A thin mat of fine fibers used primarily to produce a smooth surface on an organic matrix composite.
nanotube	Long cylinders of carbon with a wall thickness in the nanometer range (10-9m)
thermal gravimetric analysis	The analysis of a foam sample by graphically recording the weight loss of the sample at different temperatures through the decomposition point or zone
flame retardant	A substance purposely added to inhibit the spread of a flame applied to the final foam.
anisotropic	Exhibiting different properties when tested along axes in different directions, e.g., parallel to foam rise as opposed to perpendicular to the foam rise
staple	Either naturally occurring fibers or lengths cut from filaments.
integrally heated	Tooling which is self-heating, through electrical heaters or hot liquid.
decay	Change of an element into a different element, usually with some other particle(s) and energy emitted.
alkyds	Although they are used as binder in middle level equipment and marine enamels, they are the resins which are found in interior and exterior wood paints.
intumescent	Fire-retardant technology causing an otherwise flammable material to foam, forming an insulating barrier when exposed to heat.
anechoic chamber	A room in which all of the boundaries are highly absorptive so that sound may propagate in all directions without being reflected off room surfaces
fatigue life	The number of cycles of deformation required to bring about failure of the test specimen under a given set of oscillating conditions (stresses or strains).
cross-laminated	Laminated with some of the layers oriented at one or more angles to the other layers with respect to the principal laminate axis
inflammable	Capable of being easily set on fire and burning violently.
pyrometer	One of several devices designed to measure surface temperature.
mold	The cavity or matrix into or on which the resin/fiber material is placed and from which it takes form.
radio frequency	Frequencies from 10 Kilohertz to 3,000 Gigahertz.
recirculation system	A term which refers to the practice of continuously pumping the metered fluids back to the machine tanks during the "off" portion of a foam production cycle
mat	A fibrous material consisting of randomly oriented chopped or swirled filaments loosely held together with a binder.
butadiene	A gas which is chemically combined with styrene to create a resin used in latex binders, styrene-butadiene.
throughput rating	A term which applied to metering machines and mixing heads generally refers to the maximum flow rate that can be metered and mixed with all pumps at their maximum delivery or with some specified formulation
body	the consistency of an adhesive which is a function of viscosity, plasticity, and rheological factors.
dead foam	Foam that has a low resiliency and only slowly regains its original shape after deformation.
crude isocyanate	Is a term sometimes used to describe an undistilled isocyanate mixture containing several different polymeric isocyanates
core orientation	Used on a honeycomb core to line up the ribbon direction, thickness of the cell depth, cell size and transverse direction.
adapters	Small mechanical parts that assist the joining of 2 dissimilar pieces, normally used to join pipes of different sizes or to assist in joining pipe to hose threads
flammable	Describes any material that will ignite easily and burn rapidly.
warpage	Dimensional distortion in a composite part.
bond	The adhesion and grip of a material to other surfaces against which it is placed.
sandwich construction	A structural panel concept consisting in its simplest form of two relatively thin, parallel sheets of structural material bonded to, and separated by, a relatively thick, light-weight core.
anisotropic	Fiber directionality in which different properties are exhibited when tested along axes of different directions.
aging	The effect on materials of exposure to an environment for an interval of time. The process of exposing materials to an environment for an interval of time.
glass content	Percentage of glass in the compound.
vrla	Valve Regulated Lead Acid battery
basic	Having the characteristics of a base.
spec	Specification of the properties, characteristics or requirements a particular material or part must have to be acceptable to a potential user of the material or part.
fading	Blanching of paint which is exposed to light and heat.
open time	The time that the glue may be left open to the air after application
regrind	Scrap composites (both thermoset and thermoplastic) collected in-plant or from post-consumer sources that are reground into pellets or fine powder for use in new parts, either as new base material or in combination with virgin materials.
nomex	Trademark of DuPont for moderate-performance meta-aramid material that is often used in paper form to make honeycomb core.
insert	An integral part of a plastics molding consisting of metal or other material which may be molded into position or pressed into the molding after the molding is completed.
venting	In curing a part in an autoclave, turning off vacuum source and venting vacuum bag to the atmosphere.
adhesive failure	Rupture of an adhesive bond such that the separation appears to be at the adhesive-adherend interface.
delaminate	To split a laminated plastic material along the plane of its layers
reactivity	A term broadly used to describe the results of empirical/analytical measurements to characterize the rates at which various polyurethane reactions occur.
ply schedule	Lay-up of individual plies or layers to build an FRP part laminate
impact strength	The ability of a material to withstand shock loading