Glossary extracted starting with manual seeds, with PTM for the domain env and language EN

wavelength	the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation.
jubiläumsrebe	white wine variety of little significance in Austria
asthma	A chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorder that is characterized by reversible obstruction of the airways and recurrent episodes of breathlessness and wheezing that can be life-threatening
retrogressive succession	Succession where the plant community becomes simplistic and contains fewer species and less biomass over time.
uranium	A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element that is used to produce nuclear power.
resource	a source of supply (e.g
gymnosperm	Plant that bears naked seeds
in-situ flushing	introduction of large volumes of water, at times supplemented with cleaning compounds, into soil, waste, or groundwater to flush hazardous contaminants from a site.
secondary substance	Organic chemical produced by a plant that has no direct function in its metabolism
fining	the wine-making operation of clarifying or stabilising the must or wine
oecd	The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a Paris-based intergovernmental organization with 29 member countries
gelatin	protein
schist	A medium to coarse grained metamorphic rock with well developed bedding planes derived from the foliated recrystrallization of platy like minerals like mica.
evaporite	Type of sedimentary rock that is formed from the concentration of dissolved salts through evaporation.
testing questions	A set of questions used in Holistic Management to test whether an action takes people toward or way from their holistic goal.
inselberg	A German term used to describe a steep-sided hill composed of rock that rises from a pediplain.
pannobile	brand collaboration
superfund	[see Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA).]
vehicle route	The route followed by MSW carrying vehicles during collection or disposal activity.
state land	land owned and administered by the state in which it is located.
coefficient of determination	Statistic that measures the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is associated with the statistical regression of an independent variable
aldosterone	A
prenatal	Preceding birth, with reference to the fetus.
minority leader	the leader of the minority party in either the House or the Senate.
autogenic recharge	recharge that occurs by falling directly on an aquifer's outcrop at the surface
infrared radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 and 100 micrometers (µm)
dissolution	The process of a substance dissolving and dispersing into a liquid.
pheromone	pheromones are employed as a preventative measure to confuse certain animal specials (especially against the grape caterpillar)
ultramafic	Rock that is rich in magnesium and iron content.
saturation	the condition of a liquid when it has taken into solution the maximum possible quantity of a given substance at a given temperature and pressure.
mid-latitude cyclone	Cyclonic storm that forms primarily in the middle latitudes
medial moraine	Deposit of material found down the center of a glacier
hydraulic conductivity	the rate at which water can move through a permeable medium.
goldburger	Austrian white wine variety, yet seldomly cultivated
indigenous	A species that occurs naturally in an area; a synonym for native species (Allaby 1998), although see endemic.
fine filter	is species or site driven and is designed, by describing very specific management actions, to protect those species and plant communities that are not adequately managed under the coarse filter approach.
crest	the top of a dam, dike, or spillway, which water must reach before passing over the structure; the summit or highest point of a wave; the highest elevation reached by flood waters flowing in a channel.
mlf	malolactic fermentation
astm	American Society for Testing and Materials.
filtration	Separation from a fluid of suspended particles or flocks.
salinization	Accumulation of toxic concentrations of salts in the soil as a consequence of irrigation
river	A long narrow channel of water that flows as a function of gravity and elevation across the Earth's surface
pump	a device which moves, compresses, or alters the pressure of a fluid, such as water or air, being conveyed through a natural or artificial channel.
diluting water	distilled water that has been stabilized, buffered, and aerated
high-grading	a harvesting practice in which the most valuable trees are removed with little provision for regeneration or subsequent entries.
backsiphonage	reverse seepage of water in a distribution system.
least-cost planning	a process for satisfying consumers' demands for energy services at the lowest societal cost.
tail water	the runoff of irrigation water from the lower end of an irrigated field.
sommelier	male wine expert
landscape	a watershed or series of similar and interacting watersheds, usually between 10,000 and 100,000 ha in size
flashiness	a measure of a river or stream's tendency to carry a high percentage of its flow volume in large, infrequent events rather than more moderate flows that occur frequently.
meridional	Movement of wind or ocean waters in a direction that is roughly perpendicular to the lines of latitude.
algae	simple rootless plants that grow in sunlit waters in proportion to the amount of available nutrients
cave	A natural cavity or recess that is roughly positioned horizontally to the surface of the Earth.
neuro-linguistic programming	A way for people to achieve excellence in any field
piezometer	a nonpumping well, generally of small diameter, for measuring the elevation of a water table.
ambient background concentration	a representative concentration of the water quality in a receiving water body, determined from monitoring
law of the minimum	This biological law suggests that organisms are normally limited by only one single physical factor that is in shortest supply relative to demand.
trocken	dry
inner core	Inner region of the Earth's core
soil texture	The relative quantities of the different types and sizes of mineral particles in a soil.
cost-effective alternative	An alternative control or corrective method identified after analysis as being the best available in terms of reliability, performance, and cost.
laterization	Soil forming process that creates a laterite layer.
isothermal layer	Vertical layer in the atmosphere where temperature remains unchanged
generalist	A species that can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.
standard deviation	A statistical measure of the dispersion of observation values in a data set
mixing zone	a limited volume of receiving water that is allocated for diluting a wastewater discharge without causing adverse effects to the overall water body.
publicly-owned treatment works	a wastewater treatment plant that is owned by a state, unit of local government or Indian tribe, usually designed to treat domestic wastewaters
deposition	When chemicals like acids or bases fall to the Earth's surface
capping	(Also soil crust.) A hard crust that forms on exposed soil in brittle and semi-brittle environments
subsolar point	The location on the Earth where the Sun is directly overhead
longitude	Longitude is a west-east measurement of position on the Earth
eddy viscosity	a model parameter that reproduces the effects of turbulent mixing in fluid flow.
asbestos removalist	A person who performs asbestos removal work
health outcome	The disease or health problem, such as asthma or birth defects.
buoyancy	the tendency of a body to float or rise when immersed in a fluid; the power of a fluid to exert an upward force on a body placed in it.
freeze-thaw action	Processes associated with daily and seasonal cycles of freezing and melting.
südoststeiermark	wine-growing region
eluviation	Movement of humus, chemical substances, and mineral particles from the upper layers of a soil to lower layers by the downward movement of water through the soil profile
herbicides	The agents used to inhibit plant growth or kill specific plant types.
tetrahedron	Silicon atom joined by four oxygen atoms (SiO4)
pruning	important procedure for the grape vine, during the dormant period of the vine (in winter)
ecology	branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their environments; the scientific study of the relation of living organisms to each other and their surroundings
cyclone	An air pollution control device that removes larger particles -- generally greater than one micron -- from an air stream through centrifugal force.
hydrologic balance	an accounting of all water inflow to, water outflow from, and changes in water storage within a hydrologic unit over a specified period of time.
soil solution	Aqueous liquid found within a soil
organic matter	and increased bare ground
transform fault	Massive strike-slip fault continental in size
specific energy use	The energy used in the production of a unit material, product or service.
awmb	Austrian Wine Marketing Board
feasibility study	1.Analysis of the practicability of a proposal
total rest	The prolonged lack of any physical disturbance (such as grazing, trampling, or fire) to land, soils, and plant or animal communities
reference map	Map that shows natural and human-made objects from the geographical environment with an emphasis on location
histamine	belongs to the biogenic amines
phreatic zone	the area in an aquifer in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water
mitochondria	Organelle in a cell that oxidizes organic (see respiration) energy for use in cellular metabolism.
megafauna	Animals of 44 kg (100 lbs.) mature body weight or more
coral reef	Ridge of limestone found generally below the ocean surface
volcanic ash	Small sized particles ejected from explosive volcanoes.
frosty taste	wine fault
hydrograph	A graph describing stream discharge over time.
paleolake	An ancient lake that existed in the past when hydrological conditions were different.
rift valley	Steep sided valley found on the Earth's surface created by tectonic rifting.
ecological competition	Use of the same resource by two different species of plant, animal or microorganism.
opportunity costs	The cost of an economic activity forgone through the choice of another activity.
drainage area	of a stream at a specified location is that area, measured in a horizontal plane, enclosed by a topographic divide from which direct surface runoff from precipitation normally drains by gravity into the stream above the specified location.
diadromous	Fish that travel between salt water and freshwater.
biodegradable	capable of being broken down by the action of living things (microorganisms); capable of being readily decomposed by microbial action
fog	Fog exists if the atmospheric visibility near the Earth's surface is reduced to 1 kilometer or less
perchloroethylene	a chlorinated solvent commonly used in dry cleaning
envirotest	Envirotest Systems Corp., a subsidiary of Environmental Systems Products, Inc
stormwater discharge	precipitation that does not infiltrate into the ground or evaporate due to impervious land surfaces but instead flows onto adjacent land or water areas and is routed into drain/sewer systems.
acute toxicity	Negative health effects from a single dose or exposure to a toxic chemical or other toxic substance.
alternative transportation	modes of travel other than private cars, such as walking, bicycling, rollerblading, carpooling and transit.
lobe	A tongue-like extension of some material
priority date	the date of establishment of a water right
insecticides	substances used to kill insects and prevent infestation.
organism	any form of animal or plant life.
ecological succession	A systematic progression of biological communities through time, each biological community replacing another due to natural ecological processes
wet ton	Two thousand pounds of material “as is”
backwashing	reversing the flow of water through a home treatment device filter or membrane to clean and remove deposits.
urban planning	the science of managing and directing city growth.
non-vascular plant	a plant without specialized tissues for conducting water and nutrients.
forcing	See External forcing
evapotranspiration	Combined loss of water to the atmosphere via the processes of evaporation and transpiration.
climax	the state of a biotic community attained when constituent species populations fluctuate rather than exhibit successional replacement and thereby self-perpetuate as long as climatic, edaphic, and biotic conditions continue.
saponification	the conversion of the fatty tissues of a dead body into a soapy, waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax
ventilation	The exchange of ocean properties with the atmospheric-surface-layer such that property concentrations are brought closer to equilibrium values with the atmosphere.
analysis	physical or chemical analysis
megalopolis	a large city expanding so fast that city government cannot adjust to provide services (such as garbage disposal).
uptake	The addition of a substance of concern to a reservoir
sensitive receptor	the AQRV, or part thereof, that is the most responsive to, or the most easily affected by the type of air pollution in question
fluid	Substance, gas or liquid, that has the property of flow.
perched water table	Water table that is positioned above the normal water table for an area because of the presence of a impermeable rock layer.
digester	in wastewater treatment, a unit in which anaerobic bacterial action is induced and accelerated in order to break down and stabilize organic matter removed from the treatment process.
division of labour	Diversification of tasks or occupational roles in a society in order to improve working efficiency.
basalt plateau	Extensive continental deposits of basaltic volcanic rock.
residual sugar	refers to the natural sugars that have not been converted into alcohol
watershed	Catchment area of a drainage basin.
substance	A chemical.
adjudication	a court proceeding to determine all rights to the use of water on a particular stream system or ground water basin.
succession	the ecological process of sequential replacement by plant communities on a given site as a result of differential reproduction and competition.
macrophyte	a large aquatic plant.
flow	the rate of water discharged from a source expressed in volume with respect to time.
system boundary	Outer edge of system
slash-and-burn agriculture	See SWIDDEN.
correlation coefficient	Statistic that measures the degree of linear association between two variables
drainage basin	Land surface region drained by a length of stream channel.
toxic	poisonous.
hardpan	a shallow layer of earth material which has become relatively hard and impermeable, usually through the deposition of minerals
mesothelioma	An asbestos related disease, a cancer of the lungs.
discontinuous permafrost	Form of permafrost that contains numerous scattered pockets of unfrozen ground.
aerosol	A collection of tiny solid or liquid particles in the atmosphere that can come from natural sources (such as wildfires, dust storms, and volcanoes) or people’s activities (such as burning fossil fuels)
responsibility	see Accountability.
herbivore	an animal that feeds mainly or only on plants
thermosphere	Atmospheric layer above the mesosphere (above 80 kilometers) characterized by air temperatures rising rapidly with height
interpolation	A mathematical method of constructing new data points from a discrete set of known data points
storm surge	Relatively rapid rise in the height of the ocean along a coastline
phytoplankton	Microscopic plants that drift in the water of an aquatic ecosystem.
half bottle	bottle format size
diurnal tide	Tides that have one high and one low water per tidal period.
temperate deciduous forest	Forested biome found in the mid-latitudes and dominated by deciduous vegetation.
light-emitting diode	A device that uses a material called a semi-conductor to produce light without using a lot of electricity
seamount	A volcanic mountain found on an ocean basin that has an origin not related to a mid-oceanic ridge or a tectonic subduction zone.
sea breeze	Local thermal circulation pattern found at the interface between land and water
industrial farming	form of farming that mass-produces products using machines and other resources that must be bought.
evaporation	The transition process from liquid to gaseous state.
recurrence interval	average amount of time between events of a given magnitude
buffering capacity	The ability of a substance to resist changes in pH
ecology	The study of the relationships of living things.
tidal marsh	low, flat marshlands traversed by channels and tidal hollows, subject to tidal inundation; normally, the only vegetation present is salt-tolerant bushes and grasses.
tombolo	A coastal feature that forms when a belt sand and/or gravel is deposited between an island and the mainland
chemical weathering	Breakdown of rock and minerals into small sized particles through chemical decomposition.
hanging valley	A secondary valley that enters a main valley at an elevation well above the main valley's floor
aerosol	particle of solid or liquid matter that can remain suspended in the air because of its small size (generally under one micron)
housing age	Measured by period in time when a house was built.
isotherm	Lines on a map joining points of equal temperature.
platform	Horizontal sedimentary deposits found on top of continental shield deposits.
disease incidence	The rate of new occurrences of a disease.
circulatory	The organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body.
fermentation	Chemical reaction induced by a living agent yeast, bacterium or mold that splits complex organic compounds to simple ones
ionizing radiation	The emission of alpha or beta particles or gamma rays from radioisotopes
spatial tradition	Academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates geographic phenomena from a strictly spatial perspective.
sea level change	Sea level can change, both globally and locally, due to (i) changes in the shape of the ocean basins, (ii) changes in the total mass of water and (iii) changes in water density
open talik	Is a form of localized unfrozen ground (talik) in an area of permafrost
forecast	See climate prediction and climate projection.
drinking water exemption	State or US EPA permission for a water system not to meet a certain drinking water standard
kingdom	Top most level of the common system used to classify life
quality wine	the Austrian category for quality wine
adaptation costs	Costs of planning, preparing for, facilitating, and implementing adaptation measures, including transition costs.
adaptation	Taking actions to avoid, benefit from, or deal with current and future climate change
ecosystem blocks	ecosystem foundation blocks.
polar high	Surface area of atmospheric high pressure located at about 90° North and South latitude
incentive-based regulation	A regulation that uses the economic behavior of firms and households to attain desired environmental goals
inflow	entry of rainwater into a sewer system from sources other than infiltration, such as basement drains, manholes, storm drains, and street washing.
bacchus	Roman god of wine
annual	Plant that lives only one year or season
jet stream	a long narrow meandering current of high-speed winds near the tropopause blowing from a generally westerly direction and often exceeding a speed of 250 miles per hour.
allogenic recharge	recharge that occurs in a sinking stream, entering an aquifer through sinkholes or fault planes
sand ripples	Another term used for wind ripples.
traditionsweingüter	the name of a vintner association
dispersal	The spreading of plants, animals or microorganisms from one place to another by their own movement or when carried by wind, water, animals or machines.
wildbacher	the pink or onion coloured wine, that is made entirely from the Blauer Wildbacher variety
inaccessible areas	Areas which are hard to get at such as wall cavities and the interiors of plant and equipment.
stock	See reservoir.
background extinction	Normal extinction of species that occurs as a result of changes in local environmental conditions
combustion	The heat-producing reaction of a material with oxygen gas or other oxidant, often producing a flame.
globalization	The growing integration and interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, free international capital flows, and the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology, information and culture.
spit	A long and narrow accumulation of sand and/or gravel that projects into a body of ocean water
niederösterreich	generic wine-growing region
gravity	Is the process where any body of mass found in the universe attracts other bodies with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the distance that separates them
sunspot	Dark colored region on the Sun that represents an area of cooler temperatures and extremely high magnetic fields.
revenue recycling	If permits are auctioned, this gives considerable sums of money to be recycled back into the economy, either through a lump sum payment of offsetting other taxes
cliff	A tall steep rock face.
disturbance regime	Frequency, intensity, and types of disturbances, such as fires, insect or pest outbreaks, floods and droughts.
first crop	the first crop of a young vineyard
c3 plants	Plants that produce a three-carbon compound during photosynthesis, including most trees and agricultural crops such as rice, wheat, soybeans, potatoes and vegetables
residue	the dry solids remaining after the evaporation of a sample of water or sludge.
clean air act	A law enacted by Congress to protect and enhance the quality of the nation's air resources, promote public health and welfare, and enhance the productive capacity of its population.
epa	The United States agency charged with setting policy and guidelines, and carrying out legal mandates for the protection of national interests in environmental resources.
insolation	Direct or diffused shortwave solar radiation that is received in the Earth's atmosphere or at its surface.
budding	the first buds
method blank	laboratory grade water taken through the entire analytical procedure to determine if samples are being accidentally contaminated by chemicals in the lab
mycorrhizae	Fungi in symbiotic association with plant roots, facilitating phosphorous uptake by the roots.
hydrostatic pressure	Force caused by water under pressure.
restoration	Completion of a landfill site to allow planned after-use.
minimum streamflow	the specific amount of water reserved to support aquatic life, to minimize pollution, or for recreation
international ngo	An organisation that has an international headquarters and branches in major world regions, often with the purpose of undertaking development assistance.
mercalli scale	A scale for rating the power of an earthquake.
mesotrophic	reservoirs and lakes that contain moderate quantities of nutrients and are moderately productive in terms of aquatic animal and plant life.
air monitoring	Sampling for and measuring of pollutants present in the atmosphere.
catalytic incinerator	A control device that oxidizes volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by using a catalyst to promote the combustion process
aquiclude	a formation which, although porous and capable of absorbing water slowly, will not transmit water fast enough to furnish an appreciable supply for a well or a spring.
ozone layer	A layer of ozone 12 to 15 miles above the earth's surface which helps to filter out harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun
isotopic dating	Dating technique used to determine the age of rock and mineral through the decay of radioactive elements.
polar stratospheric clouds	High altitude clouds found in the stratosphere where the temperature is less than -85° Celsius
water cycle	The process by which water cycles through the ecosystem
reuse	to use again, especially after salvaging or special treatment or processing.
secondary stakeholders	The intermediaries in the project or programme delivery process.
drinking water supply	Water available for drinking.
tolerance model of succession	This model of succession suggests that the change in plant species dominance over time is caused by competition for resources
biotope	Area of uniform environmental (physical) conditions providing habitat(s) for a specific assemblage of plants and animals
oil spills	the harmful release of oil into the environment, usually in the water, sometimes killing area flora and fauna
centers for disease control	[see CDC].
growth overfishing	the process of catching fish before they are fully grown resulting in a decrease in the average size of the fish population.
genotoxicity	The adverse health effect a chemical has on genes and chromosomes, primarily gene mutations, chromosome aberrations and changes in chromosome number
scheurebe	Sämling 88
bog	A habitat that consists of waterlogged spongy ground
water vapor	Water vapor is the primary gas responsible for the greenhouse effect
displacement	distance by which portions of the same geological layer are offset from each other by a fault.
pepper note	The Austrian description for the pepper aroma in wine
cation	An ion carrying a positive atomic charge.
recurrence interval	The average time period that separates natural events of a specific magnitude
bromeliad	Plants of the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae)
ebris flow	A type of mass movement where there is a downslope flow of a saturated mass of soil, sediment, and rock debris.
wetland	Natural land-use type that is covered by salt water or fresh water for some time period
wet deposition	The process by which chemicals are removed from the atmosphere and deposited on the Earth's surface via rain, sleet, snow, cloudwater, and fog.
protista	Group, at the kingdom level, in the classification of life
ph	An indicator number showing how acidic (pH less than 7) or basic (pH above 7) a material is
lymphoma	Cancer that starts in a part of the immune system called the lymphatic system, which is made up of lymph or lymphatic tissue.
acescence	wine fault
rime	Deposit of ice crystals that occurs when fog or super cooled water droplets comes in contact with an object with a temperature below freezing (0° Celsius)
psychrometric table	Table of values that allows for the determination of relative humidity and dew point from dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures recorded on a psychrometer.
delta	Large deposit of alluvial sediment located at the mouth of a stream where it enters a body of standing water.
soil	The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter.
southern oscillation	Reversal of atmospheric circulation in tropical Pacific Ocean that triggers the development of an El Ni隳.
land breeze	Local thermal circulation pattern found at the interface between land and water
water cycle	natural pathway water follows as it changes between liquid, solid, and gaseous states; biogeochemical cycle that moves and recycles water in various forms through the ecosphere
gully	a deeply eroded channel caused by the concentrated flow of water.
esker	Long twisting ridges of sand and gravel found on the Earth's surface
community right-to-know	public accessibility to information about toxic pollution.
amprometric titration	a way of measuring concentrations of certain substances in water using the electric current that flows during a chemical reaction.
oxbow lake	a U-shaped water body formed when a meander bend is cut off from the mainstem of a river or stream to create a lake.
dispersion	The action of the atmosphere that mixes an ambient air pollutant, thereby reducing the concentration.
condensation nuclei	Microscopic particle of dust, smoke or salt that allows for condensation of water vapor to water droplets in the atmosphere
diorite	A coarse grained igneous rock of intrusive origin that is darker and chemically more mafic than granite.
tolerance range	Limits of tolerance a species has to an abiotic factor or condition in the environment.
col	Saddle like depression found between two mountain peaks
ruderal	plant species adapted to sites with recent disturbance
urban parks	parks in cities and areas of high population concentration.
wastewater treatment plant	A facility containing a series of tanks, screens, filters and other processes by which pollutants are removed from municipal wastewater.
sea stack	A steep pillar of rock located in the ocean a short distance from the coastline
hydrocarbon	Organic compound composed primarily of hydrogen and carbon atoms
ppb	Parts per billion; denotes 1 part per 1,000,000,000 parts.
assimilation	the ability of a water body to purify itself of pollutants.
contact recreation	activities involving a significant risk of ingestion of water, such as wading by children, swimming, water skiing, diving and surfing
aorta	The
time	Measurable period in which cause and effect occurs and systems function.
tropical cyclone	Another name for hurricane.
adaptation costs	Costs of planning, preparing for, facilitating, and implementingadaptation measures, including transition costs.
runoff	The topographic flow of water from precipitation to stream channels located at lower elevations
genus	In biology, a genus (pl
green shoot or cane	on the grapevine, this is a cane or shoot that is one year old and contains six to eight buds
client	A "person in control" of a property who commissions Asbestos Removal Work.
pail	unit of measurement
hydrologic basin	the drainage area upstream from a given point on a stream.
bacteria	(Singular: bacterium): Microscopic living organisms that can aid in pollution control by metabolising organic matter in municipal wastewater (sewage), oil spills or other pollutants
fault plane	The plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault.
hygroscopic	Substances that have the ability to absorb water and therefore accelerate the condensation process.
keystone species	Species that has a disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance
centripetal force	Force required to keep an object moving in a circular pattern around a center of rotation
mixed tide	Tides that have a higher high water and lower high water as well as higher low water and lower low water per tidal period.
autotrophic	Refers to organisms that synthesize their nutrients and obtain their energy from inorganic raw materials.
stratosphere	Highly stratified region of atmosphere above the troposphere extending from about 10 km (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) to about 50 km.
aroma	scent
zone of saturation	Groundwater zone within the Earth's bedrock where all available pores spaces are filled by water
downdraft	Downward movement of air in the atmosphere.
carcinogenic substances	Cancer-causing substances.
pressure melting point	Temperature at which minerals deep within the Earth and ice below the surface of a glacier are caused to melt because of the introduction of pressure.
anaerobic	Anthropogenic
ranking member	the lead member of a Congressional committee from the minority party, usually chosen on the basis of seniority.
solubility	the amount of mass of a compound that will dissolve in a unit volume of solution.
intermittent stream	A stream that flows only for short periods over a year
remote sensor	Mechanical devices used to remotely sense an object or phenomenon.
alcohol	Term for ethanal
deflation hollow	A surface depression or hollow commonly found in arid and semiarid regions caused by wind erosion
factory farming	large-scale, industrialized agriculture.
index	the amount of formaldehyde gas measured in grams, dissolved in 100 ml of water
price at equilibrium	where supply and demand curves intersect
destemming	removing the grape berry from the stalk or stem
brackish	mixed fresh and salt water.
permian	Last geologic period in the Paleozoic era
hydroelectric dam	A power plant that uses the energy from moving water to produce electricity
meteorology	The scientific study of the atmosphere and its associated phenomena.
pangaea	Hypothetical super continent that existed in the geological past
sigmoid curve	An S-shaped curve plotting rate of increase or decrease over time
autolysis	the self destruction or self digestion of the body tissues by substances produced within those tissues; the decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance
refrigeration	important process during the fermentation
equilibrium	Equilibrium describes the average condition of a system, as measured through one of its elements or attributes, over a specific period of time.
ash	residue left when something is burned
stratosphere	Atmospheric layer found at an average altitude of 11 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface
fresh:salt water interface	the region where fresh water and salt water meet
rainshadow effect	Reduction of precipitation commonly found on the leeward side of a mountain
resource partitioning	The evolutionary process of species living in the same ecosystem dividing up resources so that each species develops dissimilar resource requirements to avoid competition
endangered	An endangered species is on the verge of extinction
micro-enterprise	A synonym for small-scale enterprise: a business, often family-based or a co-operative, that usually employs fewer than ten people and may operate "informally".
synoptic scale	Scale of geographic coverage used on daily weather maps to describe large scale atmospheric phenomenon (for example, mid-latitude cyclone, air masses, fronts, and hurricanes).
birth defects	unhealthy defects found in newborns, often caused by the mother's exposure to environmental hazards or the intake of drugs or alcohol during pregnancy.
allotment	An area of land for which the U.S
immunotoxicity	Adverse effects on the normal functioning of the immune system, caused by exposure to a toxic chemical
aeration	the act of decanting wine into a carafe
hierarchy	See Waste Management Hierarchy.
discount rate	The degree to which consumption now is preferred to consumption one year hence, with prices held constant, but average incomes rising in line with GDP per capita
suspended load	specific sediment particles maintained in the water column by turbulence and carried with the flow of water.
wise use movement	a loosely-affiliated network of people and organizations throughout the U.S
demand-side management	Policies and programs for influencing the demand for goods and/ or services
zero-emission vehicles	bike lanes and trip reduction programs.
hydrological cycle	The movement of water form that atmosphere to the surface of the land, soil, and plants and back again to the atmosphere.
emission	Release of pollutants into the air from a source
herb	A nonwoody angiosperm whose above ground vegetation dies off seasonally.
transpiration	The evaporation of water vapor from the surfaces of leaves through stomata.
connective tissue	One of the four basic types of tissue in the body; a material consisting of fibers (e.g., tendons or ligaments) that form a framework to support other body tissues (e.g., muscles).
discharger	any person who discharges waste that could affect the quality of state waters
overthrust fault	Fault produced by the fracturing of rock in a fold because of intense compression.
continental glacier	Largest type of glacier with a surface coverage in the order of 5 million square kilometers.
mesophilic	Favoring an environment of moderate temperature between 40°-110°F (4°-43°C)
macroeconomic costs	These costs are usually measured as changes in Gross Domestic Product or changes in the growth of Gross Domestic Product, or as loss of welfare or consumption.
breakpoint chlorination	addition of chlorine to the point where all organic matter and ammonia compounds have been destroyed and any additional chlorine becomes a free chlorine residual available for disinfection.
bed	Sedimentary structure that usually represents a layer of deposited sediment.
groundwater storage	the storage of water in groundwater reservoirs.
nitrogen cycle	Model that describes the movement of nitrogen in its many forms between the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
nonlinearity	A process is called nonlinear when there is no simple proportional relation between cause and effect
solar radiation	Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Sun
separate sewer	a sewer system that carries only sanitary sewage, not stormwater runoff
passive solar design	Structural design and construction techniques that enable a building to use solar energy for heating, cooling, and lighting by non-mechanical means.
boreal forest	High to mid-latitude biome dominated by coniferous forest
aggressive	biting, harsh, sharp (taste)
outwash plain	A flat or gentle sloping surface of glaciofluvial sediments deposited by meltwater streams at the edge of a glacier
rest	Leaving land partly or completely free of disturbances such as mowing, plowing, grazing, trampling, etc.
period	Geologic time unit that is shorter than an era but longer than a epoch.
hadley circulation	A direct, thermally driven overturning cell in the atmosphere consisting of poleward flow in the upper troposphere, subsiding air into the subtropical anticyclones, return flow as part of the trade winds near the surface, and with rising air near the equator in the so-called Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone.
forest ecosystem network	a planned landscape zone that maintains or restores the natural connectivity within a landscape unit
biotic potential	Maximum rate that a population of a given species can increase in size (number of individuals) when there are no limits on growth rate.
polar vortex	High pressure system located in the upper atmosphere at the polar regions
mead	honey wine
gross national product	Gross National Product is the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a nation's economy, including income generated abroad by domestic residents, but without income generated by foreigners.
barometer	An instrument that measures the air pressure of the atmosphere
turbidimeter	a device that measures the cloudiness of suspended solids in a liquid; a measure of the quantity of suspended solids.
fossil fuel	A type of fuel that forms deep within the Earth
baseline/reference	The baseline (or reference) is the state against which change is measured
malaria endemic or epidemic	Parasitic disease caused by species of the genus Plasmodium (Protozoa) and transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles; produces bouts of high fever and systemic disorders, affects about 300 million and kills approximately 2 million people worldwide every year.
tide	Cyclical rise and fall of the surface of the oceans
snow melt	Conversion of snow into runoff and groundwater flow with the onset of warmer temperatures.
groundwater recharge	the inflow to a ground water reservoir.
in-situ vitrification	technology that treats contaminated soil in place at high temperatures, at 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit or more.
glacial uplift	Upward movement of the Earth's crust following isostatic depression from the weight of the continental glaciers.
supercritical water	a type of thermal treatment using moderate temperatures and high pressures to enhance the ability of water to break down large organic molecules into smaller, less toxic ones
land application	discharge of wastewater onto the ground for treatment or reuse.
pelagic community	The community of organisms living in the open waters of a river, a lake or an ocean (in contrast to benthic communities living on or near the bottom of a water body).
seamounts	Active or extinct underwater volcanoes rising at least 3,300 ft above the seafloor
point velocity	velocity measured at a single point in the water column of flowing water
secondary wave	See S-wave or shear wave.
sustainable management	method of exploiting a resource that can be carried on indefinitely
minuteman	an American-made ICBM; 500 Minuteman III ICBMs are deployed currently in the United States.
kabinett	Quality wine category
training system or form	choice of training or trellis systems in the vineyard
parasite	Consumer organism that feeds on a host for an extended period of time
malaria	Endemic or epidemic parasitic disease caused by species of the genus Plasmodium (Protozoa) and transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles; produces bouts of high fever and systemic disorders, affects about 300 million and kills approximately 2 million people worldwide every year.
urbanization	The conversion of land from a natural state or managed natural state (such as agriculture) to cities; a process driven by net rural-to-urban migration through which an increasing percentage of the population in any nation or region come to live in settlements that are defined as 'urban centers'.
casing	a tubular structure intended to be watertight installed in the excavated or drilled hole to maintain the well opening and, along with cementing, to confine the ground waters to their zones of origin and prevent the entrance of surface pollutants.
sensible heat	Heat that can be measured by a thermometer and thus sensed by humans.
dermal	concentration
sheeting	A form of physical weathering of rock where surface sheets of material fracture and exfoliate because of pressure release
average annual recharge	amount of water entering the aquifer on an average annual basis
adhesion	the molecular attraction asserted between the surfaces of bodies in contact
act	in the legislative sense, a bill or measure passed by both houses of Congress; a law.
plankton	Minute plant (phytoplankton) and animal organisms (zooplankton) that are found in aquatic ecosystems.
metropolitan statistical area	Metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) are metropolitan areas (MAs) that are not closely associated with other MAs
mutualism	Interspecific interaction where both species experience and increase in their fitness after interacting with the other species
solid waste	non-liquid, non gaseous category of waste from non-toxic household and commercial sources.
welfare	An economic term used to describe the state of well-being of humans on an individual or collective basis
wet deposition	delivery of air pollutants in the aqueous phase to surfaces (via rain, snow, clouds, or fog).
savory center	The Allan Savory Center for Holistic Management.
protoplasm	Substances making up a cell including its exterior membrane.
ozone	Ozone is a colorless gas with a sweet odor
drip irrigation	artificial form of watering
pollinator	the biotic agent (vector) that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization of the female gamete of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain
private school	Private schools, including parochial schools, that operate independently of state or regional authority
tears	church windows
mouldy taste	wine fault
flow augmentation	the addition of water to meet flow needs.
ex-situ conservation	Literally means, "off-site conservation"
cryostatic pressure	Pressure exerted on a substance by ice at rest.
spatial isolation	Reproductive isolation of two or more populations of a species by distance or physical barriers
yield	yield of the harvest
mesoscale convective complex	A cluster of thunderstorms covering an area of 100,000 kilometers or more
uranium	a heavy, radioactive metal (atomic number 92) used in the explosion of nuclear weapons (especially one isotope, U-235).
drinking water variance	State or US EPA permission not to meet a certain drinking water standard
bottling	the wine is bottled
actin	The
nitric oxide	A gas produced by bacterial action in the soil and by high temperature combustion
blaufränkisch	Austrian red wine variety
equator	Location on the Earth that has a latitude of 0°.
kame terrace	a terrace of stratified sand and and gravel deposited by streams between a glacier and an adjacent valley wall.
sima layer	The part of the crust that forms the ocean basins and lower layers in the crust and is composed of relatively heavy, basaltic rocks.
natural ionizing radiation	Ionizing radiation that comes from natural sources in the environment.
damage	any reduction in the intended use or value of a biological or physical resource
tropopause	The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
appropriations act	Action of a legislative body that makes funds available for expenditure with specific limitations as to amount, purpose, and duration
tectonic plates	Like pieces of a gigantic jigsaw puzzle, Earth’s crust is broken into tectonic plates that move
maritime effect	The effect that large ocean bodies have on the climate of locations or regions
intrusive igneous rock	A mass of igneous rock that forms when magma from the mantle migrates upward and cools and crystallizes near, but not at, the Earth's surface
severe grazing	Grazing that removes a high proportion of the plant's leaves
waterspout	A vortex of rapidly moving air over water that is associated with some thunderstorms.
to thin out	reducing the yield
radioactive	of or characterized by radioactivity.
ion	An atom, molecule or compound that carries either a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge.
biogeochemical cycling	the flow of chemical substances to and from the major environmental reservoirs (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere).
hygroscopic coefficient	Maximum limit of hygroscopic water around the surface of a soil particle.
gene bank	Mean of preserving animal and plant genetic material to guarantee their future reproduction
steppe	Russian term for mid-latitude grasslands.
national response team	representatives of 13 federal agencies that, as a team, coordinate federal responses to nationally significant incidents of pollution and provide advice and technical assistance to the responding agencies.
archeologist	a person who studies the history of people and their culture.
composite volcano	Volcano created from alternate layers of flows and exploded rock
protozoa	Heterotrophic eukaryotic unicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom protista.
instream use	use of water that does not require withdrawal or diversion from its natural watercourse; for example, the use of water for navigation, recreation, and support of fish and wildlife.
allele	a form of a gene.
snout	Front end of a glacier
instability	Atmospheric condition where a parcel of air is warmer that the surrounding air in the immediate environment
obsidian	Glassy dark colored volcanic rock
wine label	description on the bottle
child match	The process of “de-duplicating” the Child Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP) data file so that each child is counted only once
global warming	The progressive gradual rise of the Earth's average surface temperature thought to be caused in part by increased concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere.
respiratory	Relating to or affecting breathing or the organs used to breathe.
theory	Proposed explanation for the causal mechanisms responsible for a phenomenon or a set of facts
contamination	the introduction into water of sewage or other foreign matter that will render the water unfit for its intended use.
wienwein	the name of a Vintner Association
core	The core is a layer rich in iron and nickel found in the interior of the Earth
seral stages	in a forestry context, the series of plant community conditions that develop during ecological succession from bare ground (or major disturbances) to the climax stage
true north	Direction of the North Pole from an observer on the Earth.
saturated zone	the area below the water table where all open spaces are filled with water under pressure equal to or greater than that of the atmosphere.
basic	Describes a substance with a pH greater than 7
blinds	water samples containing a chemical of known concentration given a fictitious company name and slipped into the sample flow of the lab to test the impartiality of the lab staff.
circle of illumination	A line that bisects areas on the Earth receiving sunlight and those areas in darkness
high-yield varieties	Genetically improved crops produced by modern breeding methods to have a high level of production under ideal environmental conditions.
sclerophyllous vegetation	Term used to describe drought resistant vegetation common in Mediterranean climates
oblique aerial photograph	Photograph taken from a non-perpendicular angle from a platform in the atmosphere.
predator	An animal that eats other animals.
biomass	The mass or volume of life, for instance in a given area of pasture or volume of soil
contingent valuation method	CVM is an approach to quantitatively assess values assigned by people in monetary (willingness to pay) and non monetary (willingness to contribute with time, resources etc.) terms
geology	The field of knowledge that studies the origin, structure, chemical composition, and history of the Earth and other planets.
physiographic province	an area with similar characteristics based on geology, soil type, and topography.
leaf area index	The ratio between the total leaf surface area of a plant and the ground area covered by its leaves.
weißburgunder	a Pinot grape variety
animal unit	One mature, dry cow (1000 lb/450 kg) or equivalent, based on forage requirement for maintenance of 18-20 lb (8-9 kg) dry matter per day
non-aqueous phase liquid	contaminants that remain undiluted as the original bulk liquid in the subsurface, such as spilled oil.
gillnets	walls of netting that are usually staked to the sea floor
combined heat and power	See co-generation.
sun	Luminous star around which the Earth and other planets revolve around
irritant	A substance that causes irritation of the skin, eyes, or respiratory system
toxification	poisoning.
cirque glacier	Small glacier that just occupies a cirque.
soil moisture recharge	The process of water filling the pore space found in a soil (storage).
ventifact	A loose piece of rock that has been polished smooth by wind transported particles
leachate	Liquid that results when ground or surface water comes in contact with solid waste, and extracts material, either dissolved or suspended, from the solid waste.
s-wave	A seismic wave that moves material it encounters perpendicular to its direction of travel
endomycorrhizal	see Mycorrhizae.
water withdrawal	The removal of water from some type of source, like groundwater, for some use by humans
military grid reference system	A simplified subset of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grid System
future resource base	See holistic goal.
mistral	Term used to describe a katabatic wind in southern France.
competition	Interaction where two or more organisms in the same space require the same resource (e.g., food, water, nesting space, and ground space) which is in limiting supply to the individuals seeking it
rock flour	Very finely ground rock fragments that form between the base of a glacier and the underlying bedrock surface.
climate feedback	An interaction mechanism between processes in the climate system is called a climate feedback when the result of an initial process triggers changes in a second process that in turn influences the initial one
vegetative controls	non-point source pollution control practices that utilize vegetative cover to reduce erosion and minimize loss of pollutants.
carbon monoxide	A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that impedes the oxygenation of blood
consensus	A decision-making process which results in decisions approved of by everyone involved
adaptation benefits	The avoided damage costs or the accrued benefits following the adoption and implementation of adaptation measures.
conduit	a natural or artificial channel through which fluids may be conveyed.
enteric viruses	a category of viruses related to human excreta found in waterways.
esters	chemical compunds of alcohol and wine
targets	Referring to or relating to result(s) aimed at by carrying out an action(s)
niosh	The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, a federal agency that conducts research on occupational safety and health questions and makes recommendations to federal OSHA about new standards for controlling toxic chemicals in the workplace.
stratosphere	the upper portion of the atmosphere (approximately 11 km to 50 km above the surface of the earth).
physiological ripeness	the stage of peak ripeness, when optimal aromatic development in the grape is achieved and when the phenolics in the black grapes are perfectly ripe
so2	sulphur dioxide
cistern	a tank used to collect rainwater runoff from the roof of a house or building.
yield	the quantity of water expressed either as a continuous rate of flow (cubic feet per second, etc.) or as a volume per unit of time
estuarine zone	area near the coastline that consists of estuaries and coastal saltwater wetlands.
drainage pattern	Geometric pattern that a stream's channels take in the landscape
proterozoic	Geologic eon that occurred from 570 to 2500 million years ago
sublimation	Process where ice changes into water vapor without first becoming liquid
zooplankton	tiny aquatic animals eaten by fish.
aqueous solubility	the maximum concentration of a chemical that will dissolve in pure water at a reference temperature.
discount rate	Used in discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis
digestive	a drink after a meal
radioactivity	the spontaneous emission of matter or energy from the nucleus of an unstable atom (the emitted matter or energy is usually in the form of alpha or beta particles, gamma rays, or neutrons).
wellhead protection area	a protected surface and subsurface zone surrounding a well or well field supplying a public water system to keep contaminants from reaching the well water.
virgin flow	the streamflow which exists or would exist if man had not modified the conditions on or along the stream or in the drainage basin.
rhizomorph	a highly differentiated, fully autonomous, apically growing aggregation of hyphae produced by a few fungal species
trough	An elongated area of low pressure in the atmosphere.
plankton	Microorganisms living in the upper layers of aquatic systems
floodplain	land next to a river that becomes covered by water when the river overflows its banks .
climatic cycle	the periodic changes climate displays, such as a series of dry years following a series of years with heavy rainfall.
periphyton	Ambient Toxicity
emissions cap	A mandated restraint in a scheduled timeframe that puts a "ceiling" on the total amount of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions that can be released into the atmosphere
maunder minimum	Period from 1645 to 1715 during which the Sun had very little sunspot activity.
morphology	The form and structure of an organism or land-form, or any of its parts.
municipal sewage	sewage from a community which may be composed of domestic sewage, industrial wastes or both.
southern annular mode	The fluctuation of a pattern like the Northern Annular Mode, but in the Southern Hemisphere.
feed-in tariff	The price per unit of electricity that a utility or power supplier has to pay for distributed or renewable electricity fed into the grid by non-utility generators
sand dune	A hill or ridge of aeolian sand deposits with a minimum height of less than one meter and a maximum height of about 50 meters
mutation	Change in the structure of a gene or chromosome.
fta	Acronym for Federal Transit Authority
proxy data	Data that measures the cause and effect relationship between two variables indirectly.
cluster investigation	A review of an unusual number, real or perceived, of health events (for example, reports of cancer) grouped together in time and location
south pole	Surface location defined by the intersection of the polar axis with Earth's surface in the Southern Hemisphere
phytoplankton	Minute, free-floating aquatic plants.
stationary front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where there is little movement of opposing air masses and winds blow towards the front from opposite directions.
primary treatment	mechanical treatment in which large solids are screened out and suspended solids in the sewage settle out as sludge
outgassing	The release of gas from cooling molten rock or the interior of the Earth
radon	a cancer-causing radioactive gas found in many communities' ground water.
detritus	Shed tissues, dead body parts, and waste products of organisms
topography	The relief exhibited by a surface.
contact metamorphism	Is the small scale metamorphic alteration of rock due to localized heating
aroma	aroma or scent
sediment	Solid material that has been or is being eroded, transported, and deposited
soil erosion	Transport of soil mineral particles and organic matter by wind, flowing water, or both
sheet erosion	Erosion caused by water running across bare soil.
tree	A large woody plant that has a trunk which supports branches and leaves.
cancer cluster	Because cancer is a common disease, it often appears to occur in “clusters,” and it is understandable that someone may perceive that there are an unusually high number of cancer cases in their surrounding neighborhood or community
coral	Simple marine animals that live symbiotically with algae
black water	wastewater containing bodily or other biological wastes as from toilets, dishwashers, or kitchen drains
virus	Is a fragment of DNA or RNA that depends on the infection of host cells for their reproduction
hydrologic cycle	natural pathway water follows as it changes between liquid, solid, and gaseous states; biogeochemical cycle that moves and recycles water in various forms through the ecosphere
stagnation	lack of motion in water that holds pollutants in place.
ozone depletion	the reduction of the protective layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere by chemical pollution.
easting	First measurement of a grid reference used to specific the location of a point on a rectangular coordinate system
community dynamics	The development of communities of living organisms
riesling	white wine variety
meltwater	Water produced from the melting of snow and/or glacial ice.
capillary action	movement of water through very small spaces due to molecular forces called capillary forces.
dip	One of the directional properties of a geologic structure such as a fold or a fault
global warming	The theory that the world's average temperature is increasing due to the burning of fossil fuels and other forms of energy resulting in higher atmospheric concentrations of gases such as carbon dioxide.
nonporous	something which does not allow water to pass through it
geyser	a periodic thermal spring that results from the expansive force of super heated steam.
condensation	the process by which molecules in the atmosphere collide and adhere to small particles.
benzene-equivalents	Scorecard's common unit of comparison for carcinogens, so that the seriousness of a release of one carcinogen can be compared to a release of another
pouring wine	a pouring (house) wine is usually a simple, quality wine
reef	A ridge of rocks found in the tidal zone along a coastline
physical weathering	Breakdown of rock and minerals into small sized particles through mechanical stress.
watershed	a region or area over which water flows into a particular lake, reservoir, stream, or river.
inland freshwater wetlands	swamps, marshes, and bogs found inland beyond the coastal saltwater wetlands.
residual	Amount of a pollutant remaining in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place, eg the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or particulates remaining in air after it passes through a scrubbing or other process.
retronasal organ	the connection between the oropharynx and the nasal cavity
periodic table	Table that describes some of the chemical properties of the known elements.
organic water contaminants	Carbon-based chemicals, such as solvents and pesticides, which can get into water through runoff from cropland or discharge from factories.
insect	Relatively small and simple animals that have a rigid external skeleton, three body sections, three pairs of legs, and antennae
mariculture	cultivation of fish and shellfish in estuarine and coastal areas
fahrenheit scale	Scale for measuring temperature
continental plate	A rigid, independent segment of the lithosphere composed of mainly granite that floats on the viscous plastic asthenosphere and moves over the surface of the Earth
temperature inversion	Situation where a layer of warmer air exists above the Earth's surface in a normal atmosphere where air temperature decreases with altitude
sewage sludge	Sludge generated at the municipal wastewater treatment facility; it usually refers to secondary sludge settled after biological treatment is completed
levee	a natural or man-made earthen obstruction along the edge of a stream, lake, or river
ambient air	outside air; any portion of the atmosphere not confined by walls and a roof
wettability	the degree to which a fluid will spread into or coat a solid surface in the presence of other fluids into which it will not dissolve.
province	an ecological unit at the regional scale of assessment controlled mainly by continental weather patterns.
heat	Heat is defined as energy in the process of being transferred from one object to another because of the temperature difference between them
evapotranspiration	The combined process of water evaporation from the Earth’s surface and transpiration from vegetation.
energy intensity	Energy intensity is the ratio of energy use to economic or physical output
deduction	Inference in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from general theory
hydrocarbon	such as benzene or toluene
polychlorinated biphenyls	toxic industrial chemical compound substances that were used in the manufacture of plastics and as insulating fluids in electrical transformers and capacitors
bird	Group of warm blooded vertebrate animals whose body is covered with feathers.
niche specialization	Process where evolution, through natural selection, adapts a species to a particular set of abiotic and biotic characteristics within a habitat.
feldspar	A group of common aluminum silicate minerals that contains potassium, sodium, or calcium.
total column ozone	A measurement of ozone concentration in the atmosphere.
rainwash	The erosion of soil by overland flow
beta particle	Electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive isotope
pigment	Organic substance found in plant and animal cells that creates coloring.
icdo-3	International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition
pennsylvanian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 286 to 320 million years ago
weingüter wagram	the name of a Vintner Association
peat	The unconsolidated soil material consisting largely of undecomposed, or only slightly decomposed, organic matter accumulated under conditions of excessive moisture.
cremains	those elements commonly called ashes, which are left after cremation
cardiovascular	Pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels.
sandstone	A type of sedimentary rock that contains a large quantity of weathered quartz grains.
bowen reaction series	Model that explains the origin of the various types of igneous rocks
carbon adsorption	a treatment system that removes contaminants from ground water or surface water by forcing it through tanks containing activated carbon treated to attract the contaminants.
warm front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where an advancing warm air mass displaces a cold air mass.
tectonic plate	An extensive layer of lithosphere that moves as a discrete unit on the surface of the Earth's asthenosphere.
sand wedge	A form of ice wedge that contains accumulations of wind blown sand in long vertical layers
alkaline	the condition of water or soil that contains a sufficient amount of alkali substance to raise the pH above 7.0.
hygroscopic	readily absorbing moisture, as from the atmosphere.
pm-10	A major air pollutant consisting of tiny solid or liquid particles of soot, dust, smoke, fumes, and mists
spillway	the channel or passageway around or over a dam through which excess water is diverted.
constructed wetlands	artificial marsh or swamp created for anthropogenic discharge such as wastewater, storm water runoff, or sewage treatment; serves as a habitat for wildlife and act as biofilters, removing sediments and pollutants from the water
troposphere	The lowest part of the atmosphere from the surface to about 10 km in altitude in mid-latitudes (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) where clouds and ‘weather’ phenomena occur
solar thermal technology	A system that uses sunlight to heat water or create steam, which can then be used to generate electricity.
protein	Organic substances primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and some other minor elements which are arranged in about 20 different compounds known as amino acids
carbonation	Is a form of chemical weathering where carbonate and bicarbonate ions react with minerals that contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium.
tertiary consumer	Organisms that occupy the fourth trophic level in the grazing food chain
mortality	Death, often measured as a death or mortality rate.
sensitive species	those plant and animal species identified by a Regional Forester for which population viability is a concern as evidenced by: (a) significant current or predicted downward trends in population numbers or density; or (b) significant current or predicted downward trend in habitat capability that would reduce a species' existing distribution.
standard atmospheric pressure	A pressure of 101.32 kilopascals or 1013.2 millibars.
bitter	tannic, phenolic
impervious	the quality or state of being impermeable; resisting penetration by water or plant roots
confined aquifer	Aquifer between two layers of relatively impermeable earth materials, such as clay or shale.
ice lense	Horizontal accumulation of permanently frozen ground ice.
secondary consumer	Organisms that occupy the third trophic level in the grazing food chain
benthos	The plant and animal organisms that live on the sea floor
social system	Everything about human society, including its organization and structure, knowledge and technology, language, culture, perceptions and values.
critical mass	the minimum mass of fissionable material that will support a sustaining chain reaction.
respiratory disease	A disease affecting the respiratory system.
refrigerants	cooling substances, many of which contain CFCs and are harmful to the earth's ozone layer.
sedimentation	a large scale water treatment process where heavy solids settle out to the bottom of the treatment tank after flocculation.
animal day	(Also stock day) The amount of forage required to support one animal for one day
infrared radiation	A type of electromagnetic radiation
alkalinity	the measurement of constituents in a water supply which determine alkaline conditions
hypertonic	a solution with a higher osmotic pressure (concentration) is hypertonic or more dense
gouais blanc	Gouais Blanc
chlorination	the adding of chlorine to water or sewage for the purpose of disinfection or other biological or chemical results.
yeasts	micro-organism, fungus
triassic	Geologic period that occurred roughly 208 to 245 million years ago
steward	one who administers anything as the agent of others
exotic species	a non-native or non-indigenous species, usually introduced as the result of human activities.
airshed	a geographic area that, because of topography, meteorology, and/or climate, is frequently affected by the same air mass.
limnology	Study of lakes and their biota.
effluent	any substance, particularly a liquid, that enters the environment from a point source
eolian	Geomorphic process involving wind
activated carbon adsorption	the process of pollutants moving out of water and attaching on to activated carbon.
calibration	to check, adjust, or determine by comparison that a computer model will produce results that meet or exceed some defined criteria within a specified degree of confidence.
biotechnology	Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 2).
bajada	Consecutive series of alluvial fans forming along the edge of a linear mountain range
acidification	The process by which rivers, lakes, rain, and other natural features become affected by excess acid
continuous permafrost	Form of permafrost that exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer.
ecological health ranking	How a chemical's adverse effect on plants and animals compares with that of other chemicals in a relative ranking system.
amino acids	An organic compound that is essential as a building block of proteins.
axons	Long fibers that carry signals away from the cell body of a
water pollution	degradation of a body of water by a substance or condition to such a degree that the water fails to meet specified standards or cannot be used for a specific purpose.
plant functional type	An idealised vegetation class typically used in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM)
snowpack	The amount of snow that accumulates on the ground
mississippian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 320 to 360 million years ago
oceanography	the study of the ocean and ocean life.
organotins	chemical compounds used in antifoulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys, and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles.
backswamp	Marshy low lying area in a stream's floodplain
holistic management	a long-term, overall blueprint for what you want to create
thunderstorm	A storm several kilometers in diameter created by the rapid lifting of moist warm air which creates a cumulonimbus cloud
population density	Number of individuals of a particular species found in a specified area.
mass number	Total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
acetyl coa	An intermediate compound formed during the breakdown of
eddy	A localized chaotic movement of air or liquid in a generally uniform larger flow.
mountain breeze	Local thermal circulation pattern found in areas of topographic relief
litter	Accumulation of leaves, twigs and other forms of organic matter on the soil surface
infectious disease	Any disease caused by microbial agents that can be transmitted from one person to another or from animals to people
katabatic wind	Any wind blowing down the slope of a mountain.
browsing	the consumption by livestock and wildlife of leaves and shoots from woody plants
fining	fining is a wine-making operation
chaparral	A type of plant community common to areas of the world that have a Mediterranean climate (for example, California and Italy)
biennial plant	Plant species that completes its life in two growing seasons.
population size	a statistic (n) which describes the number of individuals of a species in a particular geographic range.
salmonid	a fish belonging to the family Salmonidae.
data source	An organization or information system providing data for tracking.
natural yeasts	Pilze
institutional strengthening	Process designed to enhance the ability of an institution to meet its objectives more effectively through a combination of measures including technical assistance, training, improved management structure system and better legislative and regulatory frameworks.
coating	A layer of any substance such as paint, lacquer, or varnish applied over a surface for protection
volcanic neck	See volcanic pipe.
klevner	Weißburgunder
action potential	A reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a
lung cancer	Cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages
counterintuitive	Opposite or contrary to expectations
equinox	Two days during the year when the declination of the Sun is at the equator
half-life	Time required for one half of the nuclei in a radioisotope to emit its radiation
full-bodied	powerful
ice fall	An area of crevassed ice on a glacier
climap project	Multiuniversity research project that reconstructed the Earth's climate for the last million years by examining proxy data from ocean sediment cores.
impériale	large bottle format
beaufort wind scale	Descriptive system that determines wind speed by noting the effect of the wind on the environment
kilogram	one thousand grams.
environmental gradient	Spatial gradient where abiotic and biotic factors vary.
wagramer selektion	the name of a Vintner Association
tes	threatened, endangered, or sensitive species
peak flow	in a wastewater treatment plant, the highest flow expected to be encoutered under any operational conditions, including periods of high rainfall and prolonged periods of wet weather.
combined sewer overflow	the discharge of a mixture of storm water and domestic waste when the flow capacity of a sewer system is exceeded during rainstorms.
mature	mature taste
vapor plumes	flue gases that are visible because they contain water droplets.
precursor	In photochemistry, a compound antecedent to a pollutant
open	the Heuriger is open for business
nipdwr	National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
prime meridian	The location from which meridians of longitude are measured
impermeable	material that does not permit fluids to pass through.
tissue	A group of similar cells that are organized into a structure with a specific purpose.
stakeholders	Persons, groups or institutions with interests (often financial) in a project or programme (see Primary Stakeholders; Secondary Stakeholders).
plastic deformation	Irreversible change in the shape of a material without fracture as the result of the force of compression or expansion.
sleet	See ice pellets.
mean column velocity	the average velocity of fluid flow measured in a column extending from the surface of the water to the bed of the channel
endangered species	species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range.
wine syphon	cylindrical piece of equipment used to take a sample out of a fermenting or maturation vat
vernal equinox	One of two days during the year when the declination of the Sun is at the equator
paternoster lakes	A linear series of mountain valley lakes that are formed from glacial erosion
runoff	surface water entering rivers, freshwater lakes, or reservoirs.
climate change commitment	Due to the thermal inertia of the ocean and slow processes in the biosphere, the cryosphere and land surfaces, the climate would continue to change even if the atmospheric composition was held fixed at today’s values
substitution	The economic process of trading off inputs and consumption due to changes in prices arising from a constraint on greenhouse gas emissions
wine routes	infrastructure organised by local tourism or vintner associations
monitoring	To systematically observe so as to be able to track progress
water supplier	one who owns or operates a public water system.
prevailing wind	Dominant direction that a wind blows from for a location or region.
calcification	A dry environment soil-forming process that results in the accumulation of calcium carbonate in surface soil layers.
scs	U.S
greenhouse effect	The insulating effect of atmospheric greenhouse gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) that keeps the Earth's temperature about 60"F warmer than it would be otherwise.
meadow	a field vegetated primarily by grass and other non-woody plants (grassland); may be cut for hay or grazed by livestock such as cattle, sheep, or goats; land that is covered or mostly covered with moist low-lying, level grassland
ldc	See less developed country.
heat capacity	Is the ratio of the amount of heat energy absorbed by a substance compared to its corresponding temperature rise.
sea-ice biome	The biome formed by all marine organisms living within or on the floating sea ice (frozen sea water) of the polar oceans.
liner	a relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside a landfill; an insert or sleeve for sewer pipes to prevent leakage or infiltration.
primary pollutant	Air pollutants that enter the atmosphere directly
chemical oxygen demand	The quantity of oxygen required for the complete oxidation of organic chemical compounds in water; used as a measure of the level of organic pollutants in natural and waste waters.
commercial extinction	the depletion of a population to the point where fisherman cannot catch enough to be economically worthwhile.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	A collection of disorders that develop as a result of infection by the
abandoned water right	a water right which was not put to beneficial use for a number of years, generally five to seven years.
hydroelectric	relating to electric energy produced by moving water.
zone of accumulation	Area of a glacier where additions of snow exceed losses of ice from melting, evaporation, and sublimation.
geography	The study natural and human constructed phenomena relative to a spatial dimension.
velocity	The speed of movement of an object in one direction.
gas	A state of matter where molecules are free to move in any direction they like
taiga	The northernmost belt of boreal forest adjacent to the Arctic tundra.
wet-bulb depression	The value calculated by subtracting a wet-bulb thermometer reading from a dry-bulb thermometer reading
grazing	the use of grasses and other plants to feed wild or domestic herbivores such as deer, sheep and cows.
mires peat-accumulating wetlands	See bog.
carbohydrate	Any compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (such as sugars, starches, and cellulose).
dredging	removal of mud from the bottom of water bodies
emission permit	An emission permit is a non-transferable or tradable entitlement allocated by a government to a legal entity (company or other emitter) to emit a specified amount of a substance
floodplain	Relatively flat area found alongside the stream channel that is prone to flooding and receives alluvium deposits from these inundation events.
latitude	Latitude is a north-south measurement of position on the Earth
pollination	fertilisation
mean	Statistical measure of central tendency in a set of data
potential natural community	the plant community that would be established if succession were allowed to be completed without further human interference
condensation	the change of state from a gas to a liquid
effectiveness	The effectiveness of a service means the extent to which the objective of the service have been me in practice
channelization	natural or intentional straightening and/or deepening of streams so water moves faster and causes less flooding. Channelization can sometimes exacerbate flooding in other downstream areas.
capsule	refers to the decorative or protective capsule on the top of a wine bottle
albedo	The fraction of solar radiation reflected by a surface or object, often expressed as a percentage
infiltration rate	Rate of absorption and downward movement of water into the soil layer.
waste exchange	Arrangement in which companies exchange their wastes for the benefit of both parties.
passive solar heating	The use of windows, building materials, and other features to take advantage of sunlight to heat the inside of a building.
hypothesis testing	Process where an alternative and a null hypothesis are statistically tested for the purpose of falsifying a hypothesis.
concentration	The amount of a particular substance that exists within a certain volume or weight of air, water, soil, or other medium
fisheries	an established area where fish species are cultivated and caught.
heredity	The transmission of behavioral, physiological and morphological characteristics from parent to offspring.
hydropneumatic	a water delivery system, usually small, that maintains water pressure in the distribution system by means of pressure in a compressed air tank.
nuee ardente	A glowing cloud of dense hot volcanic gas and ash that moves downslope at high speeds, incinerating the landscape.
development	maturity
rain gauge	Instrument that measures the rain that falls at a location over a period of time.
natural systems agriculture	Wes Jackson's innovative agricultural system, which seeks to avoid the problems cause by conventional tillage-based agricultures (erosion, nutrient loss, etc.) by developing a new agriculture based on perennial plants raised in a polyculture (many species together)
herbivore	Heterotrophic organism that consumes plants for nutrition
ionosphere	A region in the atmosphere above 50 kilometers from the surface where relatively large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist
ecology	The study of the interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other.
champagne	colloquial name for Champagne
lee	Side of a slope that is opposite to the direction of flow of ice, wind, or water
glycerine	valuble natural alcohol
normal distribution	A common probability distribution displayed by population data
gulf stream	Warm ocean current that originates in and around the Caribbean and flows across the North Atlantic to northwest Europe.
community of place	a social group bounded by geographic locality.
erosional landform	Is a landform formed from the removal of weathered and eroded surface materials by wind, water, glaciers, and gravity
leachate	Solution containing material leached from a soil.
mycorrhizae	Mutualistic association of a fungus with the root of higher plant
tundra	A treeless, level, or gently undulating plain characteristic of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions characterised by low temperatures and short growing seasons.
intermittent stream	one that flows periodically
voice vote	a vote where members vote by saying either "yes" or "no" together; individual member's votes are not placed on record.
wave cyclone	See mid-latitude cyclone.
blood lead levels	the amount of lead in the blood
hydrological systems	The systems involved in movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth, including both the hydrologic cycle and water resources.
sustainable development	Development that meets the cultural, social, political and economic needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
breaker	The quick collapse of an overextended water wave as it approaches the shoreline
ozone layer	Very diluted atmospheric concentration of ozone found at an altitude of 10 to 50 kilometres above the earth's surface.
robinson projection	Map projection system that tries to present more accurate representations of area
aftertaste	another term for length or finish
wave period	The time elapsed for a wave to travel the distance of one wavelength.
fresh water	Water that is relatively free of salts.
groundwater recharge	The replenishment of groundwater with surface water.
confluent growth	in coliform testing, abundant or overflowing bacterial growth which makes accurate measurement difficult or impossible.
cumulonimbus cloud	A well developed vertical cloud that often has top shaped like an anvil
troposphere	Layer in the atmosphere found from the surface to a height of between 8 to 16 kilometers of altitude (average height 11 kilometers)
resilience	the ability of an ecosystem to maintain or restore biodiversity, biotic integrity, and ecological structure and processes following disturbance.
orogenesis	The process of mountain building through tectonic forces of compression and volcanism.
mid-oceanic ridge	Chain of submarine mountains where oceanic crust is created from rising magma plumes and volcanic activity
electric vehicles	vehicles which use electricity (usually derived from batteries recharged from electrical outlets) as their power source.
gypsum	Sedimentary rock created by the chemical precipitation of calcium, sulfur, and oxygen.
mobile source	A source of pollution that is mobile such as automobile, plane, and train.
cutoff	where the stream cuts through the neck of a meander bend.
toxic sites	land contaminated with toxic pollution, usually unsuitable for human habitation.
obliquity	Tilt of the Earth's polar axis as measured from the perpendicular to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun
canadian high	High pressure system that develops in winter over central North America.
eutrophication	an excess of plant nutrients from natural erosion and runoff from the land in an aquatic ecosystem supporting a large amount of aquatic life that can deplete the oxygen supply.
adaptation adjustment	in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities
freshwater habitat	All continental waters and terrestrial habitats that receive ‘subsidies' of water from surface and groundwater flow systems, such as groundwater-fed wetlands, river-fed floodplain forests, karst aquifer springs, and so forth (freshwaetBIODIVERSITY Science Plan).
eukaryota	All the organisms with a eukaryote cell type
subducted	A geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate.
green initiatives	strategies to become more environmentally-friendly
salt-water intrusion / encroachment	Displacement of fresh surface water or groundwater by the advance of salt water due to its greater density
exploitation	Form of competition where the indirect effects of the two or more species or individuals reduce the supply of the limiting resource or resources needed for survival.
synergism	When the adverse effect or risk from two or more chemicals interacting with each other is greater than what it would be if each chemical was acting separately.
veto	a Presidential action rejecting a bill as passed by the U.S
acid	Any substance with a pH lower than 7.
watermaster	An employee of a water department who distributes available water supply at the request of water right holders and collects hydrographic data.
volatile organic compounds	Compounds made up of carbon molecules that participate in atmospheric reactions caused by sunlight and heat.
dendrochronology	the technique of dating events with use of tree rings.
antibody-mediated immunity	Immune reaction that protects primarily against invading viruses and bacteria through antibodies produced by
upper mantle	Layer of the Earth's interior extending from the base of the crust to 670 kilometers below the surface
ozone layer	Atmospheric concentration of ozone found at an altitude of 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface
quorum	minimum number of people who must be present before a specified event can commence (for Congress to vote, at least half the members must be present).
cfcs / chlorofluorocarbons	Chemicals used in products like aerosols and fridge.
climax community	Plant community that no longer undergoes changes in species composition due to succession.
energy efficiency	The ratio of useful energy output of a system, conversion process or activity to its energy input.
bermuda high	High pressure system that develops over the western subtropical North Atlantic
aquifer	a geologic formation that will yield water to a well in sufficient quantities to make the production of water from this formation feasible for beneficial use; permeable layers of underground rock or sand that hold or transmit groundwater below the water table.
sauvignon blanc	white wine variety
hydraulic gradient	the direction of groundwater flow due to changes in the depth of the water table.
marsh	wetland, swamp, or bog.
state of matter	Form of matter
authorization	Upper limits of funding made available to a program.
catalyst	Substance which facilitates a chemical reaction.
flocculation	large scale treatment process involving gentle stirring whereby small particles in flocs are collected into larger particles so their weight causes them to settle to the bottom of the treatment tank.
plate tectonics	A scientific theory that describes how large sections of the Earth’s crust called plates move over time
watershed	land area from which water drains toward a common watercourse in a natural basin.
solar energy	Energy from the sun
exponential population growth	Increase in population characterized by an increasingly larger population growth rate as the number of individuals in the population increases.
microwave radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 to 100 centimeters.
stream gradient	The change in elevation from a stream's headwaters to its mouth expressed in degrees, percentage, or as a distance ratio (rise/run).
paper dollars	solar dollars.
la niña	See El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
mouth	End of a stream
nephelometric	method of measuring turbidity in a water sample by passing light through the sample and measuring the amount of light deflected.
tectonics	See plate tectonics.
well	a dug or drilled hole used to get water from the earth.
sidereal day	Time it takes to complete one Earth rotation relative to the position of a fixed star
humidity	A general term used to describe the amount of water vapor found in the atmosphere.
basin	The drainage area of a stream, river or lake.
birth rate	the number of babies born annually per 1,000 women of reproductive age in any given set of people.
rockfall	Type of mass movement that involves the detachment and movement of a small block of rock from a cliff face to its base
rotational grazing	Grazing in which animals are rotated through a series of paddocks, generally with some flexibility, but without planning that caters to the many variables inherent in such situations
putrescible	Organic materials prone to degrade rapidly, giving rise to obnoxious odors.
curing	Late stage of composting, after much of the readily metabolized material has been decomposed, which provides additional stabilization.
bay-mouth bar	A narrow deposit of sand and/or gravel found across the mouth of a bay.
acetaldehyde	group of chemical compounds known as aldehydes
autonomous	Free of outside control.
geothermal wells	includes any excavation made for producing geothermal resources
coevolution	Associated changes in two species of living organisms that have a close ecological relationship (eg, predator/prey), acting as agents of natural selection for one another.
histosols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
fertilizer	Any of a large number of natural and synthetic materials, including manure and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds, spread on or worked into soil to increase its capacity to support plant growth.
discounting	The process that reduces future costs and benefits to reflect the time value of money and the common preference of consumption now rather than later.
asthma	a medical condition characterized by abnormal restriction of breathing, especially in response to allergens or air contaminants
latent heat of vaporization	The amount of heat energy required from the environment to change the state of a liquid to a gas
solum	Part of the soil that is capable of supporting life.
inert waste	waste that does not contain hazardous waste or soluble pollutants at concentrations in excess of applicable water quality objectives, and does not contain significant quantities of decomposable waste.
cassis	taste of blackcurrants
current	the portion of a stream or body of water which is moving with a velocity much greater than the average of the rest of the water
distribution	the movement of embalming solution from the point of injection throughout the blood vascular system
ecological niche	Is all of the physical, chemical and biological conditions required by a species for survival, growth and reproduction
sic code	Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes are a system of numerical codes that categorize industrial facilities by the type of activity in which they are engaged
so2	Abbreviation for Sulphur dioxide
tropopause	The tropopause is a relatively thin atmospheric transition layer found between the troposphere and the stratosphere
reflection	Process of returning sound or light waves back to their source.
respiration	Oxidation of carbon chains in the body of living organisms to extract energy for metabolic processes.
reservoir	a pond, lake, tank, or basin (natural or human made) where water is collected and used for storage
stratocumulus clouds	Low altitude gray colored cloud composed of water droplets that has a patchy appearance
pediplain	An arid landscape of little relief that is occasionally interrupted by the presence of scattered inselbergs
emergent properties	The patterns, structures, and properties that arise in complex systems via emergence.
bloc	a group of people with the same interest or goal (usually used to describe a voting bloc, a group of representatives intending to vote the same way).
focus	See earthquake focus.
management information system	see Information Management System.
wasteload allocation	term used in conjunction with the TMDL Program, a WLA is the portion of a receiving water's loading capacity that is allocated to one of its existing or future point sources of pollution
scree	An accumulation of weathered rock fragments at the base of a steep rock slope or cliff.
outcrop	Area of exposed bedrock at the Earth's surface with no overlying deposits of soil or regolith.
option value	It relates to an individual's willingness to pay to guarantee the availability of a particular service for use in the future
thermal equator	Continuous area on the globe that has the highest surface temperatures because of the presence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
ocean	A body of saline water found occupying all or part of the Earth's ocean basins
pumping test	a test conducted to determine aquifer or well characteristics.
mature	reached its peak maturity
larvicide	A chemical or other agent for killing insect larvae.
glaciofluvial	Geomorphic feature whose origin is related to the processes associated with glacial meltwater.
rice	Acronym for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines.
big crunch	Collapse of the Universe into its original form before the Big Bang
leachate	water containing contaminants which leaks from a disposal site such as a landfill or dump.
baseline	A set of data used for comparison
premium weingüter weinviertel	the name of a vintner association
ash	incombustible residue left over after incineration or other thermal processes.
green manure	Plant material that while still green is incorporated into the soil, to improve the soil.
technical assistance	The provision of specialised technical resources, often under international arrangements to an organisation to assist it to achieve its objectives as to build internal capacity through training or improved management systems.
scandinavia	The countries of Sweden, Norway and Denmark, in the North of Europe.
vascular plants	Higher plants with vascular, i.e., sap-transporting, tissues.
mangrove	Treed wetlands located on the coastlines in warm tropical climates.
water year	a division based on a general pattern of annual wet and dry periods rather than a calendar year
monitoring well	a well used to obtain water quality samples or measure groundwater levels.
solar constant	A term used to describe the average quantity of solar insolation received by a horizontal surface at the edge of the Earth's atmosphere
sea ice	Any form of ice found at sea that has originated from the freezing of seawater
waterfall	a sudden, nearly vertical drop in a stream, as it flows over rock.
turbine	A device with blades that can be turned by a force such as wind, water, or high pressure steam
riparian water right	the legal right held by an owner of land contiguous to or bordering on a natural stream or lake, to take water from the source for use on the contiguous land.
nimbostratus clouds	Dark, gray low altitude cloud that produces continuous precipitation in the form of rain or snow
entropy	Entropy is the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy and matter in a system.
bact	Acronym for Best Available Technology.
igneous rock	Rocks formed by solidification of molten magma either beneath (intrusive igneous rock) or at (extrusive igneous rocks) the Earth's surface.
written compliance plan	The employer must develop and implement a written compliance plan prior to the commencement of the job where the employee exposure to lead, without respect to respiratory protection, will be in excess of the PEL
el ni隳	Name given to the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Ecuador and Peru
manning's roughness	a coefficient in Manning's equation that accounts for energy loss due to the friction between the channel and the water
chemical	One of the millions of different elements and compounds found naturally and synthesized by humans.
low pressure	An area of atmospheric pressure within the Earth's atmosphere that is below average
chromosome	Organic structure that carries an organism's genetic code (DNA).
cardinal points	The four main navigational directions (North, East, South, and West) found on a compass or a map.
rootstock	the rootstock onto which European varieties are grafted
genetic variability	the number and relative abundance of genes within a species or population.
auto-ignition temperature	The auto-ignition temperature (AIT) is the temperature above which the material/air mixture may not require an external ignition source to combust.
frontal precipitation	See convergence precipitation.
senescence	the aging process
autonomic system	The portion of the
crop pest	insect, fungus, microorganism or animal that eats or damages crops, trees and garden plants.
native species	Species that normally exists and reproduces in a specific region of the Earth
british thermal units	The amount of heat necessary to increase the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at a specified temperature.
flowing artesian well	a special case of an artesian well where a water well drilled into a confined aquifer has enough hydraulic pressure for the water to rise to a height above ground surface and to flow at the surface without pumping.
seep	a spot where water contained in the ground oozes slowly to the surface and often forms a pool; a small spring.
radiosondes	Sensors carried aboard weather balloons that have been in continuous use since 1979 for the monitoring of tropospheric temperatures.
sole-source aquifer	an aquifer that supplies 50 percent or more of the drinking water of an area.
lake	A body standing water found on the Earth's continental land masses
metabolism	Chemical processes necessary for life.
overbank flows	the component of an instream flow regime that represents infrequent, high flow events that exceed the normal channel
sids	The Screening Information Data Set createdby the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 1990, for purposes of screening high-production-volume chemicals used in those countries (including the U.S.)
condensation	The change in state of matter from vapor to liquid that occurs with cooling
lotic system	a flowing body of fresh water, such as a river or stream
troposphere	The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth's surface.
mires	Peat-accumulating wetlands
basic solution	Any water solution that is basic (pH greater than 7) or has less hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-)
stratosphere	The region of the Earth's atmosphere 10-50 km above the surface of the planet.
stoss	Side of a slope that faces the direction of flow of ice, wind, or water
pneumatic press	A piece of machinery used in the wine-making operation of crushing or pressing the grapes or must
ripple	Stream bed deposit found streams
committed to extinction	This term describes a species with dwindling population that is in the process of inescapably becoming extinct in the absence of human intervention
stage	The elevation of the water surface in a stream channel.
shrub	A woody plant species that is smaller than a tree
flash flood	A rapid and short-lived increase in the amount of runoff water entering a stream resulting in a flood.
location	A term used in geography that deals with the relative and absolution spatial position of natural and human-made phenomena.
ld50	LD50 is defined as the dose of substance that is lethal to 50% of the exposed population
drinking water contaminant	Any physical chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in drinking water.
carbon dioxide	Common gas found in the atmosphere
suspension	Erosional movement of sediment continually held in the transport medium of air, water or ice.
dry deposition	The falling of small particles and gases to the Earth without rain or snow
worm castings	The dark, fertile, granular excrement of a worm
base flow	Rate of discharge in a stream where only the throughflow and groundwater flow from subsurface aquifers contribute to the overall flow.
ecological niche	The role of a particular species in the ecosystem
n:p:k ratio	The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in a compost product; indicates fertilizer value.
outcrop	exposed at the surface
national priorities list	EPA's list of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites identified for possible long-term remedial action under Superfund
ice shelf	A floating ice sheet of considerable thickness attached to a coast (usually of great horizontal extent with a level or gently undulating surface); often a seaward extension of ice sheets
sinking	controlling oil spills by using an agent to trap the oil and sink it to the bottom of the body of water where the agent and the oil are biodegraded.
in-line filtration	a pretreatment method in which chemicals are mixed by flowing water; commonly used in pressure filtration installations.
greenhouse effect	The process in which the absorption of infrared radiation by the atmosphere warms the Earth
detention time	the time required for a volume of water to pass through a tank at a given rate of flow; in storage reservoirs, the length of time water will be held before being used.
global dimming	Global dimming refers to perceived widespread reduction of solar radiation received at the surface of the Earth from about the year 1961 to around 1990.
anaerobic	Characterized by the absence of oxygen.
median particle size	value for which half the particles in a sample have a greater diameter and half a lesser diameter.
flow meter	a gauge indicating the velocity and/or volume of a flowing liquid.
estimator	An estimator is any value calculated from the sample data For example, the sample mean is an estimator of the population mean.
stockpond	a pond used primarily for watering livestock.
surface water	water located above ground (e.g., rivers, lakes).
soil fertility	The ability of a soil to provide nutrients for plant growth.
speciation	The process by which new species originate through mutations, natural selection, and evolution.
advance construction	A technique which allows a State to initiate a project using non- federal funds while preserving eligibility for future Federal-aid funds
sedimentation	Also settling
thermohaline circulation	Large-scale, density-driven circulation in the ocean, caused by differences in temperature and salinity
epa or u.s. epa	United States Environmental Protection Agency.
demand	the number of units of something that will be purchased at various prices at a point in time
efficiency	see energy efficiency.
joint attribution	Involves both attribution of observed changes to regional climate change and attribution of a measurable portion of either regional climate change or the associated observed changes in the system to human causes, beyond natural variability
development	(1) a developed tract of land (with houses or structures); (2) the act, process or result of developing.
molecule	Minute particle that consists of connected atoms of one or many elements.
grazing	soil compaction from vehicle tires or animal movement, trampling, bulldozing, and landslides, which physically disrupt and alter a landscape
acid deposition	air pollution produced when acid chemicals are incorporated into rain, snow, fog, or mist.
climate	generalized weather at a given place on earth over a fairly long period; a long term average of weather
milankovitch theory	Theory proposed by Milutin Milankovitch that suggests that changes in the Earth's climate are cause by variations in solar radiation received at the Earth's surface
pulp	raw material made from trees used in producing paper products.
sustainable farming	type of farming that can make use of nature's goods and services while producing a sufficient yield in an economically, environmentally, and socially rewarding way, preserving resources for future generations.
hydrometer	an instrument used to measure the density of a liquid.
eye	Area in the center of a hurricane that is devoid of clouds.
stable atmosphere	Condition in the atmosphere where isolated air parcels have a tendency to sink
endogenic	Refers to a system that is internal to the Earth.
colonization	Movement of individuals or propagules of a species to a new territory.
stock density	Number of animals run on a given paddock at a particular period of time
environmental fate	Where a substance ends up after it is released into the environment
peak annual flow	The largest discharge produced by a stream during a one year period.
child	For blood lead testing, any person age 9 to 47 months at the time of screening.
grain loading	The rate at which particles are emitted from a pollution source (i.e., number of grains per cubic foot of gas emitted).
resistance	Capacity of a system to remain in the same state at the face of perturbation.
homeostasis	Negative feedback that maintains a living organism’s body function within limits essential for the body to continue functioning properly despite external stimuli that have a tendency to disrupt the function.
soil texture	A characterization of soil type, based on the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a particular soil.
species association	A particular grouping of species in an area.
structural landform	Is a landform created by massive Earth movements due to plate tectonics
carbamates	a class of new-age pesticides that attack the nervous system of organisms.
oxbow	a U-shaped bend in a river or stream that may or may not be cut off from the mainstem.
ice age	An ice age or glacial period is characterized by a long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's climate, resulting in growth of continental ice sheets and mountain glaciers (glaciation).
nephelometer	an instrument that measures the amount of light scattered.
british thermal unit	a unit of heat used to describe the capacity of boilers and furnaces
external cost	cost of production or consumption that must be borne by society; not by the producer.
irrigation	a form of irrigation
ribbon falls	Spectacular narrow waterfalls that occur at the edge of a hanging valley.
nondegradation	an environmental policy that does not allow any lowering of naturally occurring water quality regardless of pre-established health standards.
glaze	Coating of ice that forms when rain falls on a surface with a temperature below freezing.
ferrous metals	A term used to describe iron and its alloys, e.g., steels
permafrost	Zone of permanently frozen water found in high latitude soils and sediments
watershed	Bayfield Institute
law of stream lengths	Morphometric relationship observed in the cumulative size of stream segment lengths in stream channel branching
fiscal year	a financial term referring to any twelve-month period, usually to set a budget
screening risk assessment	A risk assessment performed using available data and many assumptions to identify toxic chemical releases that have a higher probability of posing health risks
aquaculture	The managed cultivation of aquatic plants or animals such as salmon or shellfish held in captivity for the purpose of harvesting.
hydrostatic head	a measure of pressure at a given point in a liquid in terms of the vertical height of a column of the same liquid which would produce the same pressure.
water solubility	the maximum possible concentration of a chemical compound dissolved in water.
genotype	genetic basis of a trait in an organism.
ambient air quality	A physical and chemical measure of pollutant concentrations in the ambient atmosphere
riparian	an area of land adjacent to a stream, river, lake or wetland that contains vegetation that, due to the presence of water, is distinctly different from the vegetation of adjacent upland areas.
static equilibrium	Static equilibrium occurs where force and reaction are balanced and the properties of the system remain unchanged over time.
topography	The physical features of a place or region.
hygroscopic water	Water held within 0.0002 millimeters of the surface of a soil particle
stream flow	Water flow within a river channel, for example, expressed in cubic meters per second (cubic feet per second)
solar array	an electrical device consisting of connected solar cells
plug flow	type of flow that occurs in tanks, basins, or reactors when a slug of water moves through without ever dispersing or mixing with the rest of the water flowing through.
vortex	A rapid spiraling motion of air or liquid around a center of rotation.
r-selected species	A species that produces a large number of off-spring, each of which receives little care (quantity rather than quality)
appropriation	the setting aside of funds for a designated purpose (e.g., there is an appropriation of $7 billion to build 5 new submarines).
capillary action	Movement of water along microscopic channels
solar altitude	Height of the Sun above the horizon from either True North or True South.
brine	Seawater with a salinity greater than 35 parts per thousand
eustatic sea-level rise	See sea-level rise.
market impacts	Impacts that can be quantified in monetary terms, and directly affect Gross Domestic Product – e.g., changes in the price of agricultural inputs and/or goods
grid south	The direction south as measured on the Universal Transverse Mercator grid system.
genes	the variation of genes for all individuals within a species; it determines the uniqueness of each individual within the species, or a population
authority to construct	A pre-construction permit issued by an air district.
glacial milk	Term used to describe glacial meltwater which has a light colored or cloudy appearance because of clay-sized sediment held in suspension.
flowering	the flowering period of the growing season
barrel size	capacity of an oak barrel
perennial plant	Plant species that lives for more than two years.
eutrophication	The process by which a body of water (often shallow) becomes (either naturally or by pollution) rich in dissolved nutrients, with a seasonal deficiency in dissolved oxygen.
blowdown	the water drawn from boiler systems and cold water basins of cooling towers to prevent the buildup of solids.
bill	a proposed law, to be debated and voted on.
biotic	of or relating to life.
gross world product	An aggregation of the individual country's Gross Domestic Products to obtain the sum for the world.
phosphorous	a plant nutrient that can cause an overabundance of bacteria and algae when high amounts are present, leading to a depletion of oxygen and fish kills
resilience	The ability to return to an original form after severe stress or disturbance.
grazing cell	An area of land managed as a planning unit to ensure adequate timing of grazing/trampling and recovery periods
extinction	complete disappearance of a species because of failure to adapt to environmental change.
interstices	the void or empty portion of rock or soil occupied by air or water.
indicator organisms	microorganisms, such as coliforms, whose presence is indicative of pollution or of more harmful microorganism.
racking	the removal of the clear wine from the sediment from a tank or barrel
epiphyte	a plant, such as a moss, that grows directly on another plant for support but not food
physical weathering	breaking down of parent rock into bits and pieces by exposure to temperature and changes and the physical action of moving ice and water, growing roots, and human activities such as farming and construction
teinturier wine	colour intensifier
meteor	A body of matter that enters the Earth's atmosphere from space
saturation mixing ratio	Mass of water vapor that a kilogram of dry air can hold at saturation
tca	trichloroanisole
natural flow	the rate of water movement past a specified point on a natural stream
liquid	A state of matter where molecules have the ability to flow and the surface of this mass displays the property of surface tension.
threatened species	species of flora or fauna likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future.
striations	Grooves of scratches found in surface rock that are the result of glacial abrasion.
cancer	unregulated growth of changed cells; a group of changed, growing cells (tumor).
anaerobic	A living system or process that occurs in or is not destroyed by the absence of oxygen.
tap water	drinking water monitored (and often filtered) for protection against contamination and available for public consumption from sources within the home.
hypoplasia	Small size of organ or part due to arrested development.
glacial lake	A natural impoundment of meltwater at the front of a glacier.
eugenics	the study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding.
median streamflow	the rate of discharge of a stream for which there are equal numbers of greater and lesser flow occurrences during a specified period.
tornado watch	A forecast issued to the public that a tornado may occur in a specified region.
triple bottom line	Measuring corporate performance by profits, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility
capillary	Type of testing for blood lead that involves the drawing of blood from a capillary such as through a finger prick
classique	label description for Austrian wine
slump	See rotational slip.
fuel cell	A fuel cell generates electricity in a direct and continuous way from the controlled electrochemical reaction of hydrogen or another fuel and oxygen
finish	aftertaste, finale
transportation planning	systems to improve the efficiency of the transportation system in order to enhance human access to goods and services.
u.s. public lands	Technically, land owned by the United States and administered through the Bureau of Land Management
ecology	The study of the factors that influence the distribution and abundance of species.
fermentation	Breakdown of organic substances, especially by microorganisms such as bacteria and yeasts, yielding incompletely oxidized products
greywater	wastewater from clothes washing machines, showers, bathtubs, handwashing, lavatories and sinks that are not used for disposal of chemical or chemical-biological ingredients.
flood frequency	how often, on average, a discharge of a given magnitude occurs at a particular location on a stream
asbestos removal control plan	A documented list of the measures to be taken to control the risks to workers and others while asbestos removal work is being undertaken
c4 plants	Plants, mainly of tropical origin, that produce a four-carbon compound during photosynthesis, including many grasses and the agriculturally important crops maize, sugar cane, millet and sorghum.
race	The classification of humans into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of characteristics
evaporation fog	A type of fog produced from the advection of cold air over warm water or warm or moist land
cold glacier	Glacier in which the ice found from the its surface to base has a temperature as cold as -30° Celsius throughout the year
biosphere	the earth and all its ecosystems.
convergent lifting	The vertical lifting of parcels of air through the convergence of opposing air masses in the atmosphere
neutral atmosphere	Condition in the atmosphere where isolated air parcels do not have a tendency to rise or sink
backpressure	a pressure that can cause water to backflow into the water supply when a user's wastewater system is at a higher pressure than the public system.
boulder	Large fragment of rock that has a diameter greater than 256 millimeters (200 millimeters in the United Kingdom).
pollination	the process in which pollen is transferred from an anther of male plant to a receptive stigma of a female plant.
insolation	The amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth by latitude and by season
aircare colorado	The emissions testing program for the state of Colorado
river discharge	Water flow within a river channel, for example expressed in cubic meters per second (cubic feet per second)
silos	fixed vertical underground structures made of steel and concrete that house an ICBM and its launch support equipment.
ground-level concentration	The concentration in air of a pollutant to which a human being is normally exposed, i.e
chambrer	bring the wine to room temperature
auxins	A group of
electromagnetic spectrum	See spectrum.
scarification	Extensive movements of soil, sediment, and rock material caused by humans.
radiant energy	Energy in the form of electromagnetic waves and photons
fortified	(spirit) added
leaching	The washing out of soluble substances by a solvent
electron	A sub-particle of an atom that contains a negative atomic charge.
vat	oak vat or cask
dissolve	the process by which solid particles mix molecule by molecule with a liquid and appear to become part of the liquid.
emissivity	The ratio of total radiative output from a body per unit time per unit area at a specific temperature and wavelength to that of a black body under the same environmental conditions.
furmint	late ripening white wine variety
erosion	The wearing away of land by water, wind, or glacial ice.
cambrian explosion	Great diversification of multicellular life forms in the Earth's oceans that started during the Cambrian about 570 million years ago.
alkali	Any substance with a pH higher than 7.
island arc	A line of volcanic islands found of the ocean that have been created by the convergence of two tectonic plates and the subsequent subduction of one of the plates beneath the other
little climatic optimum	Time period from 900 - 1200 AD
folding	The deformation of rock layers because of compressive forces to form folds.
crust	Earth's outer most layer of solid rock
prevalence	The proportion of individuals in a population having a disease or condition
clean	a clean wine
stalinization	The accumulation of salts in soils.
ground-level ozone	The ozone in the air near the Earth's surface
extinction	The loss of all members of a species
sea-level pressure	Average atmospheric pressure at sea-level
probability	Statistical chance that an event will occur.
systematics	In biology systematics is the study of the diversity of organism characteristics, and especially how they relate evolutionarily, that is establishing their phylogeny
aquiculture	the raising or fattening of fish in enclosed ponds
weeds	forbs include daisies, nettles, sunflowers, and mint.
exponential growth	Growth that follows an exponential curve
pathogen	Microscopic parasite organism that causes disease in a host
perennial plant	A plant that lives several to many years
subcritical flow	flow characterized by low velocity and a Froude number less than 1
p-wave	A seismic wave that moves material in push-pull fashion in the direction of its travel
in articulo mortis	movement of the blood from the hear and arteries into the capillaries and veins which occurs at the moment of death
devonian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 360 to 408 million years ago
cartridge filter	specific and very fine membrane filter that is highly effective in sterile filtration
interbasin transfer	the physical transfer of water from one watershed to another; regulated by the Texas Water Code.
carbon sequestration	The process of increasing the carbon content of a reservoir/pool other than the atmosphere.
mortality	Rate of occurrence of death within a population; calculation of mortality takes account of age-specific death rates, and can thus yield measures of life expectancy and the extent of premature death.
water quality standards	laws or regulations, promulgated under Section 303 of the Clean Water Act, that consist of the designated use or uses of a waterbody or a segment of a waterbody and the water quality criteria that are necessary to protect the use or uses of that particular waterbody
synonym	describes a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another
public transportation	various forms of shared-ride services, including buses, vans, trolleys, and subways, which are intended for conveying the public.
soil colloids	Very small organic and inorganic particles found in a soil
collaborative	Educational collaboratives are formed through an agreement among two or more school committees to provide educational programs or services for their member school systems
vector	A blood-sucking organism, such as an insect, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another
köppen climate classification	System that uses monthly precipitation and temperature data and total annual precipitation data to classify a location's climate into one of five main categories: Tropical Moist Climates; Dry Climates; Moist Mid-latitude Climates with Mild Winters; Moist Mid-Latitude Climates with Cold Winters; and Polar Climates
pressure	Is defined as the force acting on a surface from another mass per unit area.
stratopause	The stratopause is a relatively thin atmospheric transition layer found between the stratosphere and the mesosphere
intergovernmental organization	Organizations constituted of governments
hammer-mill	A high-speed machine that uses hammers and cutters to crush, grind, chip, or shred MSW.
cell	a usually microscopic structure surrounded by a membrane or cell wall in plants and consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles
landslide	Term used to describe the downslope movement of soil, rock, and other weathered materials because of gravity.
water consumption	The complete removal of water from some type of source, like groundwater, for some use by humans
shale	Fine grained sedimentary rock composed of lithified clay particles.
irrigation water	water which is applied to assist crops in areas or during times where rainfall is inadequate.
carbon dioxide equivalent	Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e)
consumption	The movement of organic matter (ie, carbon chains) through a food web as animals and microorganisms eat (or otherwise ingest) plants, animals or microorganisms to obtain the material and energy that they need to sustain their lives.
wind vane	A mechanical device used to measure the direction of wind flow
majority leader	the leader of the majority party in either the House or the Senate.
chlorofluorocarbons	Any of a number of substances consisting of chlorine, fluorine and carbon
solar radiation	Electromagnetic radiation that originates from the Sun
heavy metals	Metallic elements with high molecular weights
bed load	Portion of the stream load that is carried along the stream bed without being permanently suspend in the flowing water.
precambrian shield	Another term for shield.
wetland	land (marshes or swamps) saturated with water constantly or recurrently; conducive to wide biodiversity.
force	Process that changes the state of rest or motion of a body.
south magnetic pole	Location in the Southern Hemisphere where the lines of force from Earth's magnetic field are vertical
life cycle assessment	methodology developed to assess a product's full environmental costs, from raw material to final disposal.
stoichiometric composition	Composition of flammable gas in air that has the stoichiometric ratio of gas to oxygen for the specified combustion products
ozone hole	a hole or gap in the protective layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere.
climate prediction	A climate prediction or climate forecast is the result of an attempt to produce an estimate of the actual evolution of the climate in the future, e.g., at seasonal, interannual or long-term time scales
oxidant	A collective term for some of the primary constituents of photochemical smog.
volume reduction	The processing of materials to decrease the amount of space they occupy
allelopathic	refers to the suppression of growth of one plant species by another due to the release of toxic substances.
global warming	An increase in the near surface temperature of the Earth
three gorges	a project along the Yangtze river in China to build the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.
acid	Any of a large group of chemicals with a ph less than 7
metabolizable substance	A material which can be metabolized, or digested, to the benefit of the organism.
refraction	Process where insolation is redirect to a new direction of travel after entering another medium.
monitoring	1
aroma wheel	a list of all the aroma and flavour compounds found in wine
hair hygrometer	Hygrometer that uses the expansion and contraction of hair to determine atmospheric humidity.
grape vine caterpillar	vineyard pest
worldview	A person’s comprehensive conception or image of the surrounding world and his relation to it
sulphate	chemical element
tropical disturbance	An organized group of thunderstorms often found over a tropical ocean that generates a slight cyclonic flow of less than 37 kilometers per hour
gene pool	Sum total of all the genes found in the individuals of the population of a particular species.
air pollution	the presence of polluting gases and suspended particles in the atmosphere in excess of air quality standards
cost-effectiveness analysis	A special case of cost-benefit analysis in which all the costs of a portfolio of projects are assessed in relation to a fixed policy goal
ambient medium	material surrounding or contacting an organism (e.g., outdoor air, indoor air, water, or soil through which chemicals or pollutants can reach the organism.
pollination	the completion of the sexual phase of reproduction in some plants by the transportation of pollen
ecoregion	a geographic area over which the macroclimate is sufficiently uniform to permit development of similar ecosystems on sites with similar geophysical properties.
hyporheic zone	the zone under a river or stream comprising substrate whose interstices are filled with water.
respiration	Metabolic function consuming oxygen.
value added	The net output of a sector or activity after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs.
parts per million	A unit of measurement that can be used to describe the concentration of a particular substance within air, water, soil, or some other medium
old wine	older vintage
indicator species	Species that can be used as a early indicator of environmental degradation to a community or an ecosystem
dust and debris	Small pieces, scraps,dust etc
browser	A herbivore that subsists mostly on browse
subspecies	a geographically defined aggregate of local populations that differs from other such subdivisions of a species; the lowest taxonomic rank given a formal scientific name.
whole bunch pressing	production method
sinkhole	A pit like hole in found in areas of karst
dripstone	deposits of calcium carbonate that include stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and cave pearls.
specific yield	the amount of water a unit volume of saturated permeable rock will yield when drained by gravity.
bergland	Wine-growing region
endangered species	one having so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct in all or part of its region.
adenosine triphosphate	A common form in which energy is stored in living systems; consists of a nucleotide (with ribose sugar) with three
monsoon	A monsoon is a tropical and subtropical seasonal reversal in both the surface winds and associated precipitation, caused by differential heating between a continental-scale land mass and the adjacent ocean
spectrum	Is a graph that describes the quantity of radiation that is emitted from a body at particular wavelengths.
wagon wheel	A layout consisting of wedge-shaped paddocks surrounding a central water point.
thermal pollution	an increase in air or water temperature that disturbs the climate or ecology of an area.
snow	precipitation in the form of branched hexagonal crystals, often mixed with simple ice crystals, which fall more or less continuously from a solid cloud sheet
cleavage	The tendency of some minerals or rocks to break along planes of weakness
dependent variable	Variable in a statistical test whose observation's values are thought to be controlled through cause and effect by another independent variable modeled in the test.
carbon cycle	The term used to describe the flow of carbon (in various forms, e.g., carbon dioxide) through the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial biosphere and lithosphere.
gross secondary productivity	Total amount of chemical energy assimilated by consumer organisms.
drop-off	Recyclable materials collection method in which individuals bring them to a designated collection site.
bioassay	A method of determining the effect of a compound by quantifying its effect on living organisms or their component parts.(Source: ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/library)
alternative solution	see Option.
groundwater hydrology	the branch of hydrology that deals with groundwater; its occurrence and movements, its replenishment and depletion, the properties of rocks that control groundwater movement and storage, and the methods of investigation and utilization of ground water.
delta	an alluvial deposit made of rock particles (sediment, and debris) dropped by a stream as it enters a body of water.
tidal period	Time it takes for one tidal cycle.
operable unit	a term used by the Superfund program to describe a discrete action that comprises an incremental step toward comprehensively addressing site problems
carbon sequestration	The process of increasing the carbon content of a reservoir/pool other than the atmosphere
vagile	Able to migrate.
inversely proportional	Cause and effect relationship between two variables where a positive or negative change in the quantity of one causes a predictable opposite change in quantity in the other.
infiltration capacity	The ability of a soil to absorb surface water.
apportionment	The distribution of funds as prescribed by a statutory formula provided in law.
fujita tornado intensity scale	Tornado classification system developed by T
resilience	The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organization, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change.
ambient air	The air occurring at a particular time and place outside of structures
bar	measurement of pressure
biota	All living organisms of an area; the flora and fauna considered as a unit.
aerobic treatment	process by which microbes decompose complex organic compounds in the presence of oxygen and use the liberated energy for reproduction and growth
planning period	Is defined as period of time considered by the Strategic Plan
environment	aggregate of external conditions that influence the life of an individual organism or population.
dry matter	Feed or forage weight less the weight of the water it contains.
natural resource	any form of matter or energy obtained from the environment that meets human needs.
renovation	This means modifying any existing structure or part of a structure.
gross national product	Gross National Product (GNP) is the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a nation’s economy, including income generated abroad by domestic residents, but without income generated by foreigners.
oxisol	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
burning velocity	The burning velocity is the velocity of a laminar flame under stated conditions of composition, temperature, and pressure.
acidic	the condition of water or soil that contains a sufficient amount of acid substances to lower the pH below 7.0.
magnetic reversal	A change in the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field
kettle moraine	An area of glaciofluvial influenced moraine deposits pitted with kames and kettle holes.
routing parameters	coefficients that, along with mathematical routing equations, can be used to estimate the attenuation and lag (time delay) associated with the movement of flow through a length of stream channel.
carnuntum	Weinbaugebiet
precipitate	a solid which has come out of an aqueous solution
rotgipfler	indigenous white wine variety in the Thermenregion
non-compostable	Incapable of decomposing naturally or of yielding safe, non-toxic end products
urban runoff	storm water from city streets and adjacent domestic or commercial properties that carries pollutants of various kinds into the sewer systems and receiving waters.
toxic pollutants	Materials that cause death, disease, or birth defects in organisms that ingest or absorb them
decomposition	The breakdown of matter by bacteria and fungi
plastics	durable and flexible synthetic-based products, some of which are difficult to recycle and pose problems with toxic properties, especially PVC plastic.
detritus	decaying organic matter (mostly leaves and other matter from vegetation).
furrow irrigation	irrigation method in which water travels through the field by means of small channels between each group of rows.
fecal coliform	the portion of the coliform bacteria group which is present in the intestinal tracts and feces of warm-blooded animals
steam fog	See evaporation fog.
organelle	Is a specialized structure found in cells that carry out distinct cellular functions.
precipitable water	The total amount of atmospheric water vapor in a vertical column of unit cross-sectional area
oligotrophic lake	Lake with a low supply of nutrients in its waters
ecosystem	the interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings; a complex system composed of a community of fauna and flora, taking into account the chemical and physical environment with which the system is interrelated.
dac	Districtus Austriae Controllatus, regionally typical designation
valley fog	Fog formed by the movement of cooler, more dense air from higher elevations to the warm valley bottom.
permafrost	Ground (soil or rock and included ice and organic material) that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years.
neutralism	Interspecific interaction where the species do not directly influence each other fitness.
cooling tower	large tower used to transfer the heat in cooling water from a power or industrial plant to the atmosphere either by direct evaporation or by convection and conduction.
tree line	The upper limit of tree growth in mountains or high latitudes
full-cost pricing	Setting the final prices of goods and services to include both the private costs of inputs and the external costs created by their production and use.
gamma radiation	A type of ionizing, electromagnetic radiation that readily penetrates the body tissues of organisms
dew point	Dew point is the temperature at which water vapor saturates from an air mass into liquid or solid usually forming rain, snow, frost or dew
zierfandler	indigenous white wine rarity in the Thermenregion
aerosols	A collection of airborne solid or liquid particles, with a typical size between 0.01 and 10 micrometer (~0.00000039 and ~0.00039 inch) that reside in the atmosphere for at least several hours
facilitation	Modification of a system that makes subsequent modifications easier.
biological productivity	The amount of sunlight energy an environment is able to convert into biomass
high flow pulses	the component of an instream flow regime that represents short-duration, in-channel, high flow events following storm events
sustainable development	Doing things in a way that does not reduce the opportunities of future generations to meet their needs
coniferous vegetation	Cone-bearing vegetation of middle and high latitudes that are mostly evergreen and that have needle-shaped or scale like leaves
macroalgae	macroscopic algae, commonly known as seaweed.
cellulose	A long chain of tightly bound sugar molecules that constitutes the chief part of the cell walls of plants.
anti-degradation clause	part of federal and water quality requirements prohibiting deterioration where pollution levels are above the legal limit.
chlorofluorocarbons	stable, artificially-created chemical compounds containing carbon, chlorine, fluorine and sometimes hydrogen
drawdown	the drop in the water table or level of groundwater when water is being pumped from a well; the amount of water used from a tank or reservoir; the drop in the water level of a tank or reservoir.
sub-basin	in general, a portion of a river basin.
stability	Constancy
fuel switching	In general this is substituting fuel A for fuel B
scattering	an interaction of light with an object (e.g., a fine particle) that causes the light to be redirected in its path.
emergence	In complex systems, the arising of patterns, structures, or properties that don't seem adequately explained by referring only to the system's pre-existing components and their interactions
influent	water, wastewater, or other liquid flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment plant.
opisometer	Mechanical device for measuring non-linear distances on maps.
leeward	Downwind side of an elevated area like a mountain
freezing rain	A type of precipitation
ombrotrophic bog	An acidic peat-accumulating wetland that is rainwater (instead of groundwater) fed and thus particularly poor in nutrients.
assimilative capacity	the capacity of a natural body of water to receive and dilute wastewaters or toxic materials without damage to aquatic life or humans who consume the water.
reach	An expanse of a stream channel.
aggradation	a progressive build up of a channel bed with sediment over several years due to a normal sequence of scour and deposition, as distinguished from the rise and fall of the channel bed during a single flood.
autonomy	An organisation has autonomy if it has the authority and responsibility for all six organisational functions required to function effectively
symbiotic mutualism	Mutualistic interaction where the species interact physically and their relationship is biologically essential for survival.
spray irrigation	application of finely divided water droplets to crops using artificial means.
crater	Circular depression in the ground surface created by volcanic activity or asteroid impact.
dew	Condensation of water on the Earth's surface because of atmospheric cooling.
traction	Erosional movement of particles by rolling, sliding and shuffling along the eroded surface
extinction	The global disappearance of an entire species.
interglacials	The warm periods between ice age glaciations
lysimeter	Meteorological instrument used to measure potential and actual evapotranspiration.
prokaryote	Organisms whose cells have their genetic material in the form of loose strands of DNA found in the cytoplasm
foreset bed	Deltaic deposit of alluvial sediment that is angled 5 to 25° from horizontal
alternative energy	energy that is not popularly used and is usually environmentally sound, such as solar or wind energy (as opposed to fossil fuels).
riparian	located alongside a watercourse, typically a river.
backshore	Area behind the shore
sinusoidal equal-area projection	Map projection that represents areas in their true form on a two-dimensional map
frost	Deposition of ice at the Earth's surface because of atmospheric cooling.
true south	Direction of the South Pole from an observer on the Earth.
water stress	A country is water-stressed if the available freshwater supply relative to water withdrawals acts as an important constraint on development
pathogenic	Capable of causing disease.
livelihood	a means of supporting one’s existence, either through a paying job or by growing, producing and/or gathering everything you need to survive.
neap tide	Tide that occurs every 14 to 15 days and coincides with the first and last quarter of the moon
transparency	The ability of a medium to allow light to pass through it.
mafic magma	Magma that is relative poor in silica but rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron content
submarine canyon	A steep-sided valley on the seafloor of the continental slope, generally found as extensions to large rivers, and have been found to extend 1 km (3,281 ft) below sea level, and extend for hundreds of kilometers.
hydrogen sulfide	wine fault
algae	Photosynthetic, often microscopic and planktonic, organisms occurring in marine and freshwater ecosystems.
stratified drift	A type of glacial drift that has been partially sorted by glaciofluvial meltwater.
public water system	a system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances. In Texas, a public water system is one that serves at least 15 service connections or serve at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year.
oxbow lake	Is portion of abandoned stream channel filled with stagnant water and cut off from the rest of the stream
squall line	A band of thunderstorm development found ahead of a cold front.
household hazards	dangerous substances or conditions in human dwellings.
longwave radiation	See infrared radiation.
neutral	Any substance with a pH around 7.
richter scale	A logarithmic measurement scale of earthquake magnitude
settleable solids	in sewage, suspended solids that will settle when the sewage is brought to a quiet state for a reasonable length of time, usually two hours.
tides	A variation in the surface level of the oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun
compact fluorescents	florescent light bulbs small enough to fit into standard light sockets, which are much more energy-efficient than standard incandescent bulbs.
acid	A substance that increases the number of hydrogen ions in a solution.
impoundment	the confinement of water by a dam.
calcareous organisms	A large and diverse group of organisms, many marine, that use calcite or aragonite to form shells or skeletons
forb	an herbaceous plant other than a graminoid.
climate	General pattern of weather conditions for a region over a long period time (at least 30 years).
advanced wastewater treatment	any treatment of sewage that goes beyond the secondary or biological water treatment stage and includes the removal of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and a high percentage of suspended solids.
thalweg	Line of deepest water in a stream channel as seen from above
point source	source of pollution that involves discharge of wastes from an identifiable point, such as a smokestack or sewage treatment plant
revolution	See Earth revolution.
socio-economic scenarios	Scenarios concerning future conditions in terms of population, Gross Domestic Product and other socio-economic factors relevant to understanding the implications of climate change
interference	Form of competition where an individual directly prevents the physical establishment of another individual in a portion of a habitat.
nutrient cycle	the cyclic conversions of nutrients from one form to another within biological communities
total solar irradiance	The amount of solar radiation received outside the Earth's atmosphere on a surface normal to the incident radiation, and at the Earth's mean distance from the Sun.
diatoms	Silt-sized algae that live in surface waters of lakes, rivers and oceans and form shells of opal
traffic calming	designing streets to reduce automobile speed and to enhance walking and bicycling.
data suppression	See “Cell Suppression”
iceberg	A mass of ice found floating in the ocean or a lake
cancer	A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled invasive growth of body cells leading to the formation of malignant tumors that tend to grow rapidly and spread (i.e., metastasize).
ccs-ready	If rapid deployment of CCS is desired, new power plants could be designed and located to be "CCS-ready" by reserving space for the capture installation, designing the unit for optimal performance when capture is added and citing the plant to enable access to storage reservoirs.
ring of fire	See Circum-Pacific Belt.
structure	the physical organization or pattern of a system (e.g., the size and spacing of trees in a landscape).
riffle	Bar deposit found on the bed of streams
volcanic pipe	A dyke reaches the surface of the Earth
macrophyte	macroscopic plants in the aquatic environment
sustainable development	Development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland Report, 1987)
pretreatment	processes used to reduce, eliminate, or alter the nature of wastewater pollutants from non-domestic sources before they are discharged into publicly owned treatment works (POTWs).
fissure	Opening or crack in the Earth's crust.
entrainment	One of three distinct processes involved in erosion
soot	Particles formed during the quenching of gases at the outer edge of flames of organic vapors, consisting predominantly of carbon, with lesser amounts of oxygen and hydrogen present as carboxyl and phenolic groups and exhibiting an imperfect graphitic structure
gross domestic product	Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the monetary value of all goods and services produced within a nation.
sea level equivalent	The change in global average sea level that would occur if a given amount of water or ice were added to or removed from the oceans.
pelagic	The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean comprising the water column, i.e
noctilucent clouds	High altitude clouds composed of ice crystals that appear to glow silver or bright blue shortly after sunset.
relative humidity	The ratio between the actual amount of water vapor held in the atmosphere compared to the amount required for saturation
bora	Term used to describe a katabatic wind in Yugoslavia.
biopiracy	Appropriation, generally by means of patents, of biological resources, both species and genetic (including human genes), by foreign entities (including corporations, universities and governments) without compensatory payment.
ultraviolet b	A type of sunlight
recarbonization	process in which carbon dioxide is bubbled into water being treated to lower the pH.
positive feedback	Change in the state of a system that enhances the measured effect of the initial alteration.
isabella	inter-specific hybrid variety
smog	Air pollution caused by chemical reactions of various pollutants emitted from different sources
streamflow	the discharge that occurs in a natural channel.
aeration	the mixing or turbulent exposure of water to air and oxygen to dissipate volatile contaminants and other pollutants into the air.
piedmont glacier	A large glacier formed from the merger of several alpine glaciers.
névé	Partially melted and compacted snow that has a density of at least 500 kilograms per cubic meter.
c3 plants	Plants that produce a three-carbon compound during photosynthesis, including most trees and agricultural crops such as rice, wheat, soybeans, potatoes and vegetables.
ph scale	a scale used to measure the relative acidity or alkalinity of tissues ranging from 0 to 14
pm	Abbreviation for Particulate Matter
environmental refugees	People who move from a region because the ecosystem is no longer able to provide for their basic needs.
urbanization	Expansion of cities into rural regions because of population growth
soil creep	Slow mass movement of soil downslope
algal bloom	a phenomenon whereby excessive nutrients within a river, stream or lake cause an explosion of plant life which results in the depletion of the oxygen in the water needed by fish and other aquatic life
toxic hot spot	location in enclosed bay, estuary, or any adjacent waters that has toxic pollution problems in the water or sediment in excess of applicable standards.
vermiculite	A chemically inert, lightweight, fire resistant, and odorless magnesium silicate material that is generally used for its thermal and sound insulation in construction and for its absorbent properties in horticultural applications
utilities	companies (usually power distributors) permitted by a government agency to provide important public services (such as energy or water) to a region; as utilities are provided with a local monopoly, their prices are regulated by the permitting government agency.
magnetic declination	The horizontal angle between true north and magnetic north or true south and magnetic south.
long wave	A large wave in the polar jet stream and the westerlies that extends from the middle to the upper troposphere
rill	A very small steep sided channel carrying water
eutrophication	Pollution of water with minerals that stimulate plant growth.
snow pellets	A form of precipitation also known as graupel
rift	Zone between two diverging tectonic plates
impairment	•the degree to which a scenic view or distance of clear visibility is degraded by man-made pollutants.
biodiversity	a synonym of biological diversity, see below
carl moyer fund	A multi-million dollar incentive grant program designed to encourage reduction of emissions from heavy-duty engines
sewage	see Municipal Wastewater.
global warming	Global warming refers to the increase, observed or projected, in global surface temperature, as one of the consequences of radiative forcing caused by human-induced emissions.
drainage reuse	reuse of agricultural drainage on salt-tolerant crops.
day length	Period of time for a location on the Earth when insolation from the Sun is being received.
holocene epoch	Period of time from about 10,000 years ago to today
sanitary landfill	landfill that is lined with plastic or concrete or located in clay-rich soils to prevent hazardous substances from leaking into the environment.
stream power	a measure of energy available to move sediment, or any other particle in a stream channel
evapotranspiration	combination of evaporation and transpiration of water into the atmosphere from living plants and soil
absorption coefficient	a number that is proportional to the "amount" of light removed from a sight path by absorption per unit distance.
absorption	the uptake of water, other fluids, or dissolved chemicals by a cell or an organism (as tree roots absorb dissolved nutrients in soil).
rectangular coordinate system	System that measures the location of points on the Earth on a two-dimensional coordinate plane
subpolar glacier	Glacier in which the ice found from the its surface to base has a temperature as cold as -30° Celsius throughout the year
thermodynamic equilibrium	This type of equilibrium describes a condition in a system where the distribution of mass and energy moves towards maximum entropy.
herbaceous	Flowering, non-woody.
hazy or cloudy wine	haze caused by the heat-unstable proteins
limousin	choice of oak
ecosystem	a functioning system of interacting parts of the physical environment and biological community in a geographic region.
extremes	This is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.
carafe	decanter
enzyme	a protein molecule produced in living cells that accelerates the rate of reactions without being consumed in that reaction.
catastrophism	General theory that suggests that certain phenomena on the Earth are the result of catastrophic events
feminine	female
gully	an area containing a stream where (a) the overall stream gradient is at least 25%, and (b) a reach of that stream, greater than 100 m long, has
magma plume	A rising vertical mass of magma originating from the mantle.
integrated viticulture	practice in viticulture
ice wedge	Wedge-shaped, ice body composed of vertically oriented ground ice that extends into the top of a permafrost layer
water consumption	Amount of extracted water irretrievably lost during its use (by evaporation and goods production)
aromatic	intensive impressions of the bouquet
geographically marginal	a species or population that is at the edge of its range
data	Data are recorded observations made on people, objects, or other things that can be counted, measured, or quantified in some way.
lake	an inland body of water, usually fresh water, formed by glaciers, river drainage etc
spheroidal weathering	A type of below ground chemical weathering where the corners of jointed rocks become rounded over time
cost effectiveness analysis	Involves the identification and consistent evaluation of all costs, allowance for their phasing over time, and the application of decision criteria to rank and select between project options
in-situ oxidation	technology that oxidizes contaminants dissolved in groundwater, converting them into insoluble compounds.
foliar injury	injury or death of tissues in foliage
brandy	alcoholic beverage based on wine
geomorphology	The field of knowledge that investigates the origin of landforms on the Earth and other planets.
price elasticity of demand	The ratio of the percentage change in the quantity of demand for a good or service to one percentage change in the price of that good or service
infant mortality	Occurs when an infant dies in the first year of life.
thinning	the silvicultural practice of removing selected trees in a stand to reduce competition for light, water, and nutrients and thereby promote the growth and survival of remaining trees.
dissolved oxygen	amount of oxygen gas dissolved in a given quantity of water at a given temperature and atmospheric pressure
filter	a device used to remove solids from a mixture or to separate materials
fresh water	water containing less than 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved solids of any type
oxidation catalyst	A catalytic converter designed to reduce particulate emissions from diesel vehicles.
regional groups	The five regional groups meet privately to discuss issues and nominate bureau members and other officials
non-methane organic gases	The sum of all organic air pollutants, excluding methane
map scale	Ratio between the distance between two points found on a map compared to the actual distance between these points in the real world.
static water level	elevation or level of the water table in a well when the pump is not operating; the level or elevation to which water would rise in a tube connected to an artesian aquifer or basin in a conduit under pressure.
acid deposition	A comprehensive term for the various ways acidic compounds precipitate from the atmosphere and deposit onto surfaces
blackwater	wastewater from toilet, latrine, and agua privy flushing and sinks used for food preparation or disposal of chemical or chemical-biological ingredients.
lung disease	A broad term that refers to many disorders affecting the lungs
water table aquifer	an aquifer confined only by atmospheric pressure (water levels will not rise in the well above the confining bed).
wine compounds	extract
river discharge	Water flow within a river channel, for example expressed in m3/s
polynya	Areas of permanently unfrozen sea water resulting from warmer local water currents in otherwise sea-ice covered oceans
disturbance	a discrete event or process which kills or removes vegetation
alcoholic taste	Brandy-like taste
wetland	A lowland area, such as a marsh or swamp, that is saturated with moisture.
treatment plant	A structure built to treat municipal wastewater before discharging it into receiving waterbody.
lentic system	a nonflowing or standing body of fresh water, such as a lake or pond
greenhouse effect	The greenhouse effect causes the atmosphere to trap more heat energy at the Earth's surface and within the atmosphere by absorbing and re-emitting longwave energy
flow duration curve	a measure of the range and variability of a stream's flow
soil moisture	Water stored in or at the land surface and available for evaporation.
great circle	An imaginary circle drawn on the Earth's surface that has its center synchronize to the center of the planet
groundwater	Water that occupies the pore spaces found in some types of bedrock.
cork taint	a wine fault that displays an undesirable mouldy, musty smell and taste
oxidised	influence of contact with air (oxygen) towards the aromatics and taste of wine
neutralize	To combine acid or bases to make a neutral substance or solution
mw	Megawatt; a unit for describing how much electricity a power plant can generate
input	Addition of matter, energy, or information to a system
dissolved load	Portion of the stream load that is in solution in the flowing water.
agricultural residue	Plant parts, primarily stalks and leaves, not removed from the fields with the primary food or fiber product
unstable atmosphere	Condition in the atmosphere where isolated air parcels have a tendency to rise
transpiration	Transpiration is the process of water loss from plants through stomata
kmw	Klosterneuburg Must Weight Scale (°KMW)
organic matter	The matter derived from living or once-living organisms that gradually can be broken down to yield important plant nutrients composed of materials which contain carbon-to-carbon bonds and are biodegradable; includes paper, wood, food scraps, yard trimmings and leaves
sanctuary	A place where animals can live in peace and safety.
media	Specific environments-air, water, soil-which are the subject of regulatory concern and activities.
tube settler	device using bundles of tubes to let solids in water settle to the bottom for removal by conventional sludge collection means
cap and trade	An environmental policy tool that controls large amounts of emissions from a group of sources
forms of production	See holistic goal.
ocean acidification	A decrease in the pH of sea water due to the uptake of human-induced carbon dioxide.
holding time	the maximum amount of time a sample may be stored before analysis.
ppm	Abbreviation for parts per million. A unit of concentration used to measure pollutant levels.
fine particle	particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter.
hydrologic cycle	Model that describes the movement of water between the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
prediction	Forecast or extrapolation of the future state of a system from current or past states.
zoonoses	Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and people.
adaptive capacity	The ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences.
globalisation	The growing integration and interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, free international capital flows, and the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology, information and culture.
mesotrophic lake	Lake with a moderate nutrient supply
roll cloud	A dense, cigar shaped cloud found above the gust front of a thunderstorm
deionized water	water free of inorganic chemicals.
groundwater runoff	the portion of runoff which has passed into the ground, has become ground water, and has been discharged into a stream channel as spring or seepage water.
venturi	An increase in the velocity of a fluid or gas due to the constriction of flow.
desert pavement	A veneer of coarse particles left on the ground after the erosion of finer particles by wind.
primary rock	the vague and general description for base rock
international date line	A line drawn almost parallel to the 180 degree longitude meridian that marks the location where each day officially begins
vadose zone	the zone between land surface and the water table where the moisture content is less than saturation (except in the capillary fringe) and pressure is less than atmospheric
hydraulic control	a feature in a stream (such as a constriction or a weir) that controls the upstream water surface elevation.
firn limit	The lower boundary of the zone of accumulation on a glacier where snow accumulates on an annual basis
reverse fault	This vertical fault develops when compressional force causes the displacement of one block of rock over another.
icpd	International Conference on Population and Development.
fermentation	Decomposition and breakdown of organic matter by anaerobic means.
latent heat flux	The flux of heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere that is associated with evaporation or condensation of water vapor at the surface; a component of the surface energy budget.
productivity	Rate of energy fixation or storage of biomass by plants
logging	cutting down trees for commodity use.
holistic goal	(Also holisticgoal.) In Holistic Management, a long-term, overall blueprint for what you want to create
state parks	parks and recreation areas owned and administered by the state in which they are located.
grey rot	infection of the grape
barrage	any artificial obstruction placed in water to increase water level or divert it
little ice age	Time period from 1550 to 1850 AD
route of exposure	The way people come into contact with a hazardous substance
climatic year	a period used in meteorological measurements
holistic grazing planning	rotational grazing"
global warming	An increase in temperature near the surface of the Earth
bush vine cultivation	The old form of vine training, without a trellis and low to the ground.
open system	system in which energy and matter are exchanged between the system and its environment, for example, a living organism.
wave height	Vertical distance between a wave's trough and crest.
recipient	Medium into which residues are discarded, e.g., open sea, lake, watercourse or atmosphere.
litmus paper	Paper coated with a chemical coloring obtained from lichens that turns red in acidic water and blue in basic water
check dam	a small dam constructed in a gully or other small water course to decrease the streamflow velocity, minimize channel erosion, promote deposition of sediment and to divert water from a channel.
respiratory system	The system consisting of the airways (nose, mouth, throat, bronchi) the lungs and the respiratory muscles that pump the air into and out of the body
chemical reaction	Reaction between chemicals where there is a change in the chemical composition of the elements or compounds concerned.
leaf mold	Compost composed entirely of leaves, sometimes only partially decomposed.
primary pollutant	Pollutant gases or particle directly emitted from a pollutant source.
thermal infrared radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 3 to 14 micrometers (µm).
nuclear tests	government tests carried out to supply information required for the design and improvement of nuclear weapons, and to study the phenomena and effects associated with nuclear explosions.
precambrian	Span of geologic time that dates from 4.6 billion to 570 million years ago
stream	a general term for a body of flowing water.
water productivity	The ratio of crop seed produced per unit water applied
range	To vary within specified limits.
bouquet	aroma compounds
cercla	Comprehensive Environment Response, Compensation and Liability Act
celsius scale	Scale for measuring temperature
wind wheel	typical landmark and touristic attraction in the Steiermark
normal curve	(also bell curve) The symmetrical bell-shaped curve of a normal distribution, which plots variations in a sample
system relationship	Is the association that exist between the elements and attributes of a system based on cause and effect.
topset bed	Horizontal deltaic deposit composed of coarse alluvial sediment
element	A molecule composed of one type of atom
grassland	Ecosystem whose dominant species are various types of grass
congressional record	a document published by the government printing office recording all debates, votes and discussions taking place in the Congress; available for free inspection at all government document repositories, as well as in some major libraries.
semi-brittle	In the mid-range between continually moist brittle environments and seasonally dry nonbrittle landscapes
lagoon	A containment area for leachate or municipal wastewater
tsunami	Large ocean wave created from an earthquake or volcanic eruption
grape container	Austrian term for a basket of grapes
moho discontinuity	The lower boundary of the crust
completion	sealing off access of undesireable water to the well bore by proper casing and/or cementing procedures.
municipal sludge	semi-liquid residue remaining from the treatment of municipal water and wastewater.
hemolysis	the swelling and bursting of the red blood cells resulting in a post mortem stain
landward	Positioned or located away from a water body but towards the land.
quickwater	the part of a stream that has a strong current; an artificial current or bubbling patch of water just astern of a moving boat.
steady state equilibrium	In this type of equilibrium the average condition of the system remains unchanged over time.
gold medal	High award or accolate
dry line	A boundary the separates dry and moist air in the warm sector of a mid-latitude cyclone wave
friction	Resistance between the contact surfaces of two bodies in motion.
aromatic	a hydrocarbon that consists of one or more benzenoid rings (i
wilderness area	a wild area that Congress has preserved by including it in the National Wilderness Preservation System.
uncertainty	An expression of the degree to which a value (e.g., the future state of the climate system) is unknown
winemaker	oenologist
pentachorophenol	toxic substance usually used as a wood preservative.
super-saturation	Atmospheric condition where saturation occurs at a relative humidity greater than 100% because of a shortage of deposition or condensation nuclei.
haploid	Cell that contains only one set of chromosomes
length	aftertaste
soil erodibility	An indicator of a soil's susceptibility to raindrop impact, runoff, and other eroding processes.
epidemiologic surveillance	[see Public health surveillance].
asthma	A disease that affects a person’s lungs and can make it difficult to breathe
balanced	harmonious
ecology	The science of relationships and interactions between living organisms and their environment.
kame terrace	A long flat ridge composed of glaciofluvial sediment
fixed ground water	water held in saturated material that it is not available as a source of water for pumping.
tropic of capricorn	Latitude of 23.5° South
air	so–called "pure" air is a mixture of gases containing about 78 percent nitrogen; 21 percent oxygen; less than 1 percent of carbon dioxide, argon, and other inert gases; and varying amounts of water vapor
elegant	fine
inactive landfill	1
absorption	The process of taking in
risk	The likelihood of a hazard causing harm to a person
interface	the common boundary between two substances such as water and a solid, water and a gas, or two liquids such as water and oil.
stock day	Animal day.
coagulation	in water treatment, the use of chemicals to make suspended solids gather or group together into small flocs.
chlorofluorocarbons	Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are those chemicals that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and at least one chlorine atom connected by single bonds between the atoms.
growth point	A place from which a plant can grow a new shoot or leaf
ecological waste management	An integrated approach to improving waste disposal in low-income countries in the short to medium term
one-tailed statistical test	Is an inferential statistical test where the values for which one can reject the null hypothesis are located entirely in one side of the center of the probability distribution.
cloud radiative forcing	The impact of clouds on the irradiance at the top of the atmosphere.
bog	Peat-accumulating acidic wetland.
classification	classification or system of designation for the origin with hierachical structure
kamptal	wine-growing region
distributary	A smaller branching stream channel that flows away from a main stream channel
point source	A stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are discharged; any single identifiable source of pollution.
storm track	The path taken by a storm (thunderstorm, mid-latitude cyclone or hurricane) or the average path taken by storms.
levee	Ridge of coarse deposits found alongside the stream channels and elevated above the floodplain
lactic	taste impression
toxic release inventory	Database of toxic releases in the U
bioaccumulation	uptake and retention of substances by an organism from its surrounding medium (usually water) and from food.
snag	a standing dead tree
viticulture school	The group description for colleges, that offer educational programmes for viticulture and oenology.
reforestation	Planting of forests on lands that have previously contained forests but that have been converted to some other use
bathymetric	related to the measurement of water depth within a water body.
emission quota	The portion of total allowable emissions assigned to a country or group of countries within a framework of maximum total emissions.
front	Transition zone between air masses with different weather characteristics.
experiment	A controlled investigation designed to evaluate the outcomes of causal manipulations on some system of interest.
scientific method	The approach science uses to gain knowledge
denitrification	a process occurring naturally in soil, where bacteria break down nitrates to give nitrogen gas, which returns to the atmosphere.
foodweb	a model structure used to represent the links between organisms within an environment, based upon the order in which various organisms consume one another.
craton	Stable foundation core of the Earth's various plates of continental crust
thin	light
holistic decision making association	(HDMA) A Holistic Management association for Australia and New Zealand.
accretion	a gradual increase in land area adjacent to a river.
piedmont	a district lying along or near the foot of a mountain range; lying or formed at the base of mountains
cyclogenesis	Process of cyclone formation, maturation, and death.
exclosure	A fenced area designed to exclude livestock, and sometimes wild grazing animals as well
frost point	Is the temperature at which water vapor saturates from an air mass into solid usually forming snow or frost
snag	a standing dead tree from which the leaves and fine branches have fallen.
exosphere	The outermost zone in the Earth's atmosphere
falsification	Falsification is a procedure used in science to test the validity of a hypothesis or theory
stratosphere	The highly stratified region of the atmosphere above the troposphere extending from about 10 kilometers (~ 6 miles), ranging from 9 kilometers (~5.6 miles) at high latitudes to 16 kilometers (~10 miles) in the tropics on average, to about 50 kilometers (~31 miles) altitude.
nitrogen oxides	Polluting gases formed from nitrogen
flood basalt	See plateau basalt.
feedback loop	Process where the output of a system causes positive or negative changes to some measured component of the system.
cbod	Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand. A BOD test in which a nitrification inhibitor is added, so that only the carbonaceous oxygen demanding compounds are measured.
particulate matter	a criteria air pollutant
indicator parameters	measurable physical or chemical characteristics or attributes of water or soil-pore moisture used to indicate the possible presence of waste constituents, or the effects of waste constituents on waters.
unconfined aquifer	an aquifer containing water that is not under pressure; the water level in a well is the same as the water table outside the well
climate change	a regional change in temperature and weather patterns
continental crust	Granitic portion of the Earth's crust that makes up the continents
hydraulic gradient	The slope of the water table or aquifer
abiotic	nonliving; not associated with or derived from living organisms; absence of life; ecological term that describes anything chemical or physical that lacks life
carbon-to-nitrogen ratio	(expressed as C:N) -The ratio of the weight of organic carbon (C) to that of total nitrogen (N) in an organic material.
mesopause	Thin boundary layer found between the mesosphere and the thermosphere
comet	A large mass of ice and dust that has an orbit around a star.
oel	Observed effect level (OEL) is the level below which most of the working population could be exposed on a regular basis with a low risk to health.
alvusion	a sudden or perceptible change in a river's margin, such as a change in course or loss of banks due to flooding.
runoff	That part of precipitation that does not evaporate and is not transpired.
brittleness	A way of categorizing how ecosystem processes function in landscapes
evaporation pan	Meteorological instrument that is used to measure evaporation rates.
structural attributes	components of a forest stand (including live and dead standing trees, canopy architecture, and downed woody debris) that together determine stand structure
nitrogen oxides	Any of several oxides of nitrogen.
critical load	the quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to present knowledge.
pm10/pm2.5	PM10 is measure of particles in the atmosphere with a diameter of less than 10 or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers
communities of color	Hispanic, black or Asian people or groups living together or connected in some way.
pinot varieties	group, or family of grape varieties
threshold	The level of magnitude of a system process at which sudden or rapid change occurs.
hectare	metric unit of measurement
isotonic	two solutions having the same osmotic pressure (concentration)
spodosols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
zone of ablation	Area of a glacier where losses of ice from melting, evaporation, and sublimation exceed additions of snow annually.
acute myocardial infarction	[see Myocardial Infarction].
trickling filter	a treatment system in which wastewater is trickled over a bed of stones or other material covered with bacteria that break down the organic waste and produce clean water.
evolutionarily significant unit	a population within a species that has very different behavioural and phenological traits based on genetic uniqueness.
mycelium	The collective term for fungus filaments or hyphae.
geoid	True shape of the Earth, which deviates from a perfect sphere because of a slight bulge at the equator.
refrigerant	A substance that is used for cooling or heating because of its ability to absorb and transfer energy
lower mantle	Layer of the Earth's interior extending from 670 to 2,900 kilometers below the surface crust
representative fraction	The expression of map scale as a mathematical ratio.
latosol	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
magnetosphere	Zone that surrounds the Earth that is influenced by the Earth's magnetic field.
telecommuting	working with others via telecommunications technologies (e.g., telephones, modems, faxes) without physically travelling to an office.
budget	Annual estimate of revenue and expenditure of an organisation (e.g., city/enterprise).
maturation	period of maturation
point of exposure	The place where someone can come into contact with a substance present in the environment [see Exposure Pathway].
pool	Scoured depression found on the bed of streams
fasslrutschen	traditional custom of sliding down the side of the barrel
persistence	In Scorecard, persistence generally refers to environmental persistence: the length of time a chemical stays in the environment, once introduced
nebukadnezar	bottle format size
oceanic plate	A rigid, independent segment of the lithosphere composed of mainly basalt that floats on the viscous plastic asthenosphere and moves over the surface of the Earth
interstate air pollution	Pollution that moves across state borders
brix scale	unit of measurement
backwash	The return water flow of swash
isotherm	line that connects points of equal temperature.
upper air westerlies	Consistent winds that exist in the upper troposphere that flow east to west from about 20° of latitude to the poles.
budget authority	Empowerment by Congress that allows Federal agencies to incur obligations that will result in the outlay of funds
person with control	In relation to buildings or premises, a person who has control of premises used as a workplace
new crossing	the result of crossing two varieties, with the aim of creating a vine that has improvements upons its parents.
peronospera	fungal vine disease
horn	Pyramidal peak that forms when several cirques erode a mountain from three or more sides.
st. laurent	Austrian red wine variety
erosion	The wearing away and removal of weathered land surfaces by natural agents such as rain, running water, wind, temperature changes and bacteria.
milky way galaxy	Aggregation of about 400 billion stars in a flattened, disk-shaped structure in space
repeat hospitalizations	Having more than one hospital discharge (within a specified time frame) for treatment of the same health condition.
water quality	the level of purity of water; the safety or purity of drinking water.
estuary	Somewhat enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where nutrient rich fresh water meets with salty ocean water.
oak	choice of wood
roche moutonnee	A feature of glacial erosion that resembles an asymmetrical rock mound
surface creep	The sliding and rolling movement of soil particles on the Earth's surface because of wind
carbon dioxide fertilization	The enhancement of the growth of plants as a result of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration
cross-contamination	a condition created when a drill hole, boring, or improperly constructed well forms a pathway for fluid movement between a saturated zone which contains pollutants and a formerly separated saturated zone containing uncontaminated groundwater
starch	Complex carbohydrate composed of thousands of glucose units
tidal zone	Area along the coastline that is influence by the rise and fall of tides.
stratosphere	Part of the atmosphere, the gases that encircle the Earth
electromagnetic energy	Energy stored in electromagnetic waves or radiation
demersal	fish that live on or near the ocean bottom
primary production	All forms of production accomplished by plants, also called primary producers
antidiuretic hormone	A
hawaiian high	See Pacific High.
climate sensitivity	The equilibrium temperature rise that would occur for a doubling of CO2 concentration above pre-industrial levels.
indicator	a plant, animal, or species that is a sign of — by its presence in a given area — the existence of certain environmental conditions.
preservation	treating the body chemically to temporally inhibit decomposition during the interval which elapses between death and final disposition
forest	in general, an area or biotic community dominated by trees of any size (usually, at least 10 percent of the area is covered by trees)
northern annular mode	A winter fluctuation in the amplitude of a pattern characterized by low surface pressure in the Arctic and strong mid-latitude westerlies
elastic rebound theory	Theory that describes how earthquakes arise from the horizontal movement of adjacent tectonic plates along a linear strike-slip fault
climate models	This is done when processes cannot be modeled explicitly, for example when they are much smaller than the computer grid.
biological productivity	annuals in general produce less than perennial plants.
control techniques guidelines	Guidance documents issued by U.S
flush	to open a cold-water tap to clear out all the water which may have been sitting for a long time in the pipes; to force large amounts of water through a system to clean out piping or tubing and storage or process tanks.
environmental indicator	a measurement, statistic or value that provides evidence of the effects of environmental management programs or of the state or condition of the environment.
spotted owl	reclusive bird, found in the American West, requiring old-growth forest habitat to survive.
drought	Climatic condition where water loss due to evapotranspiration is greater than water inputs through precipitation.
antibiotics	Substances produced by some microorganisms, plants, and vertebrates that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
transpiration	direct transfer of water from the leaves of living plants to the atmosphere
earth revolution	Refers to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun
balance	harmonious
thermal high	Area of high pressure in the atmosphere caused by the area having warmer temperatures relative to the air around it.
exotics	Non-native species.
mesophyte	Plants that have moderate water requirements.
traisental	wine-growing region
non-ionizing radiation	A form of electromagnetic radiation that does not have enough energy to cause ionization of atoms in living tissue
exposure	The amount of radiation or pollutant present in a given environment that represents a potential health threat to living organisms.
lead	A heavy metal that is hazardous to health if breathed or swallowed
photoperiod	The duration of the daylight period.
autotroph	an organism who makes its own food from inorganic materials..
population crash	Sudden decline in the number of individuals found in a population because of a scarcity of environmental resources that are required for survival, growth, and reproduction.
thermal gradient	temperature difference between two areas.
solar energy	energy derived from sunlight.
industrial smog	Form of air pollution that develops in urban areas
radioactive decay	Natural decay of the nucleus of an atom where alpha or beta particle and/or gamma rays are released at a fixed rate.
agraffe	small wire cage
detachment	One of three distinct processes involved in erosion
sea-level rise	An increase in the mean level of the ocean
mean	Average.
monomictic	lakes and reservoirs that are relatively deep, do not freeze over during winter, and undergo a single stratification and mixing cycle during the year (usually in the fall).
autonomous adaptation	Adaptation that does not constitute a conscious response to climatic stimuli but is triggered by ecological changes in natural systems and by market or welfare changes in human systems
genetic diversity	Genetic variability found in a population of a species or all of the populations of a species
meridian	A circular arc that meets at the poles and connects all places of the same longitude.
microwave sounding units	Sensors carried aboard Earth orbiting satellites that have been used since 1979 to monitor tropospheric temperatures.
thematic mapper	Remote sensing device found on Landsat satellites that scans images in seven spectral bands from visible to thermal infrared.
market exchange rate	This is the rate at which foreign currencies are exchanged
spill-over effect	The effects of domestic or sector mitigation measures on other countries or sectors
lateral moraine	Moraine that is found along the sides of a glacier
tannin	phenolics
movement	A term used in geography that deals with the migration, transport, communication, and interaction of natural and human-made phenomena across the spatial dimension.
market impacts	Impacts that can be quantified in monetary terms, and directly affect Gross Domestic Product—e.g., changes in the price of agricultural inputs and/or goods
tronçais	choice of oak with narrow pores, used in the contruction of small oak barrels
to impregnate	artificial impregnation or addition of carbon dioxide
basaltic magma	Mafic magma that forms basaltic igneous rocks.
organic or ecological farming	type of sustainable farming where on-farm renewable resources are used as much as possible.
rating curve	a graph showing the relationship between water surface elevation and discharge of a stream or river at a given location
tertiary aromas	Positive and pleasant aromatic impression that originally derive from the grapes
mass transit	see public transportation.
isohyet	line that connects points of equal rainfall.
census population size	the actual number of individuals in a population.
eisenberg / südburgenland	wine-growing region
loess	Deposits of silt laid down by aeolian processes over extensive areas of the mid-latitudes during glacial and postglacial times.
smooth	supple, elegant
reservoir	an artificial lake created and used for the storage of water.
insolation weathering	Form of physical weathering
oak chips	oak shavings
criterion/criteria	Principle or standard that an alternative (opinion/strategy) is judged by.
continental shield	See shield.
frequent grazing	Grazing a plant at short intervals
weinviertel	wine-growing region
seaward	Positioned or located away from land but towards an ocean or sea.
brackish	Environment that is influenced by seawater with a salinity less than 35 parts per thousand (usually caused by the presence of an inflow of fresh water).
nitrate	Form of nitrogen commonly found in the soil and used by plants for building amino acids, DNA and proteins
dbh	diameter at breast height, a measure of tree diameter determined at the standard height of 4.5 feet.
abiotic factors	The non-biological environmental influences that affect organisms; for example, temperature, rainfall, and humidity.
organic viticulture	organic form of viticulture
spatial and temporal scales	Climate may vary on a large range of spatial and temporal scales
edema	any abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces
matric force	Force that holds soil water from 0.0002 to 0.06 millimeters from the surface of soil particles
freons	See chlorofluorocarbons.
asthma	a condition marked by labored breathing, constriction of the chest, coughing and gasping usually brought on by allergies.
langelier saturation index	an index reflecting the equilibrium pH of a water with respect to calcium and alkalinity; used in stabilizing water to control both corrosion and scale deposition.
longshore drift	The movement and deposition of coastal sediments because of longshore currents.
imbibition	a physical change in which moisture within the body is transferred from one body tissue to another
tephra	Fragmented rock material ejected by a volcanic explosion
relief	The range of topographic elevation within a specific area.
r.i.p. rest	(pronounced "rip rest") Tony and Jerrie Tipton's term for prolonged rest that damages land
lipid	Is an organic compound composed of carbon atoms that have two hydrogen atoms attached
ancient forest	a forest that is typically older than 200 years with large trees, dense canopies and an abundance of diverse wildlife.
cambium	a layer of actively dividing cells situated between xylem and phloem of a woody plant
monsoon	A monsoon is a tropical and sub-tropical seasonal reversal in both the surface winds and associated precipitation.
calorie	Quantity of energy
oidium	fungal vine disease
tertiary	Geologic period that occurred roughly 1.6 to 65 million years ago
bureau of land management	An organization within the U.S
hail	Hail is a solid form of precipitation that has a diameter greater than 5 millimeters
ecosystem services	Ecological processes or functions having monetary or non-monetary value to individuals or society at large
watt	A measurement of power, usually used when talking about electricity
medical monitoring	A set of medical tests and physical exams
dissociation	Chemical process where a compound or molecule breaks up into simpler constituents.
cirrocumulus clouds	Patchy white high altitude cloud composed of ice crystals
oceanic crust	Basaltic portion of the Earth's crust that makes up the ocean basins
large woody debris [lwd]	see Coarse woody debris.
tropical depression	An organized group of thunderstorms often found over a tropical ocean that generates a cyclonic flow of between 37 and 63 kilometers per hour
composites	Plants of the compositae family (Asteraceae)
freeboard	the vertical distance between the lowest point along the top of a surface impoundment dike, berm, levee, treatment works or other similar feature and the surface of the liquid contained therein.
adaptation assessment	The practice of identifying options to adapt to climate change and evaluating them in terms of criteria such as availability, benefits, costs, effectiveness, efficiency and feasibility.
sustainable use	The use of components of biological diversity in ways and at rates that support their long-term availability
magnetic south	See South Magnetic Pole.
recruitment	survival of young plants and animals from birth to a life stage less vulnerable to environmental change.
confined aquifer	an aquifer that lies between two rock layers of very low permeability
effective population size [ne]	a quantity that estimates the number of individuals contributing genes to future generations.
bacteria	A group of microorganisms having single-celled or noncellular bodies
sea-ice biome	The biome formed by all marine organisms living within or on the floating sea ice (frozen sea water) of the polar oceans.)
occluded front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where an advancing cold air mass sandwiches a warm air mass between another cold air mass pushing the warm air into the upper atmosphere.
poison	a chemical that adversely affects health by causing injury, illness, or death.
pioneer species	Plant species that dominate a community in the early stages of succession.
mesohabitat	basic structural elements of a river or stream such as pools, backwaters, runs, glides, and riffles.
nose	Wine jargon for the bouquet
tropical rainforest	Forested biome found near the equator and dominated by evergreen vegetation.
chemical energy	Energy consumed or produced in chemical reactions.
biotite	Rock forming mineral of the mica group.
erosion	The wearing down of land by wind or water
hydrolysis	Chemical weathering process that involves the reaction between mineral ions and the ions of water (OH- and H+), and results in the decomposition of the rock surface by forming new compounds, and by increasing the pH of the solution involve through the release of the hydroxide ions.
wildlife tree patch	an area specifically identified for the retention and recruitment of suitable wildlife trees
standard solution	any solution in which the concentration is known.
semi-confined aquifer	an aquifer partially confined by soil layers of low permeability in which recharge and discharge can still occur.
factory ships	industrial-style ships used for the large-scale collection and processing of fish.
thermal infrared radiation	Radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and the clouds
osmosis	the passage of a liquid from a weak solution to a more concentrated solution across a semi-permeable membrane that allows passage of the solvent (water) but not the dissolved solids.
fluvial	Involving running water
graphic scale	Way of expressing the scale of a map with a graphic.
immature capping	A soil crust that is bare of life and shows no sign of successional advancement, such as colonization by algae, lichens, or mosses
attenuation	the process whereby the magnitude of a flood event is reduced by slowing, modifying, or diverting the flow of water.
atrioventricular node	Tissue in the right
tornado warning	A warning issued to the public that a tornado has been observed by an individual in a specified region
heterotroph	Organism that must consume energy rich organic molecules for survival
interceptor sewer	very large sewer lines that collect the flow from main and trunk lines and carry them to treatment plants.
exfoliation dome	A physical weathering feature associated with granite that is the result of the erosion of overburden material and pressure-release
salon österreich wein	The most challenging wine competition in Austria.
safe yield	the annual amount of water that can be taken from a source of supply over a period of years without depleting that source beyond its ability to be replenished naturally in "wet years."
family	Taxonomic category that groups several genus: e.g
community water system	In Texas, a public water system which has a potential to serve at least 15 residential service connections on a year-round basis or serves at least 25 residents on a year-round basis.
dental fluorosis	disorder caused by excessive absorption of fluorine and characterized by brown staining of teeth.
atmosphere	The layer of gases that surround and protects the Earth
resource	Anything obtained from the environment to meet the needs of a species.
swamp	a type of wetland dominated by woody vegetation but without appreciable peat deposits
mousseux	the effervescence or escape of carbon dioxide with sparkling wines
regional climate	An average of the weather in a particular area over many years
energy audit	The process of inspecting a home, workplace, or other building in order to find ways to use less energy
sand filters	devices that remove suspended solids from a wastewater treatment plant effluent or water treatment plant product.
energy flow	and community dynamics
phytoplankton	The plant forms of plankton
plantae	Group, at the kingdom level, in the classification of life
b.p.	before present.
disinfection	the killing of the larger portion of the harmful and objectionable bacteria in the sewage
reuse	cleaning and/or refurbishing an old product to be used again.
risk characterization	An organized process used to evaluate, summarize, and communicate information about the likelihood of adverse health or ecological effects from particular exposures to a toxic chemical in the environment, i.e
racking	the racking of the clear wine from the sediment in a tank or barrel
micro-organism	Living organisms so small that individually they can only be seen through a microscope.
homeostasis	the maintenance of a steady state by use of feedback control processes
validation	comparison of computer model results with a set of data that were not used for calibration.
greenhouse effect	The warming of the Earth's atmosphere attributed to a buildup of carbon dioxide or other gases
tropics	The parts of the Earth near the Equator, which are very warm all year long because they receive a lot of direct sunlight.
soft water	any water that does not contain a significant amount of dissolved minerals such as salts of calcium or magnesium.
symbiosis	Mutually beneficial association between two different species of organisms.
fungi	Group, at the kingdom level, in the classification of life
air pollution episode	A period of abnormally high concentration of air pollutants, often due to low winds and temperature inversion, which can cause illness and death.
primary production	See BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION.
output	Movement of matter, energy, or information out of a system
harvest	picking, or collection of the (ripe) grapes
fissile material	material fissionable by slow neutrons
mode	Statistical measure of central tendency in a set of data
longlines	fishing lines stretching for dozens of miles and baited with hundreds of hooks
scattering coefficient	measure of the ability of particles to scatter light; measured in number proportional to the "amount" of light scattered per unit distance.
stream	A long narrow channel of water that flows as a function of gravity and elevation across the Earth's surface
reclaimed water	domestic wastewater that is under the direct control of a treatment plant owner/operator which has been treated to a quality suitable for a beneficial use.
ecosphere	total of all the ecosystems on the planet, along with their interactions; the sphere of air, water, and land in which all life is found.
sunset	Moment of time when the Sun's edge completely disappears below the Earth's horizon.
chipper/shredder	A machine used to reduce volume of yard debris by chipping or splitting the refuse into smaller pieces.
inorganic	Non-living thing
haze	When particles of dust, pollen, or pollution make the air less clear, and limit visibility.
aromatic	A type of hydrocarbon, such as benzene or toluene
percolation	Vertical movement or infiltration of water from the Earth's surface to its subsurface
mycorrhizal fungi	literally means "fungus-root"
autotrophs	Organisms that synthesize their own nutrients; include some bacteria that are able to synthesize organic molecules from simpler inorganic compounds.
conflict resolution	A collaborative way of solving disputes and dealing with conflict
cancer risk score	How a chemical's estimated cancer risk compares with the cancer risk from other chemicals, after being converted into a common unit of comparison.
solstice	Dates when the declination of the Sun is at 23.5° North or South of the equator
clearcutting	a logging technique in which all trees are removed from an area, typically 20 acres or larger, with little regard for long-term forest health.
carbohydrate	Is an organic compound composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms
multiple use	Use of bodies of water for more than one purpose, such as recreational purposes, fishing, and water supply.
ocean floor	Flat plain found at the bottom of the ocean
guild	a group of species with similar behaviours and similar ecological requirements (e.g., cavity-nesting ducks)
steiermark	generic wine-growing region
isoconcentration	More than one sample point exhibiting the same isolated concentration.
private sector	The part of economy in which economic activity is carried out by private enterprise as distinct from the public sector.
algal bloom	A reproductive explosion of algae in a lake, river or ocean.
fitness	A measure of the health of a species in terms of physiology and future reproductive success.
connate water	water trapped in the pore spaces of a sedimentary rock at the time it was deposited
watershed	A region or area that drains to a stream, river, lake or ocean
barrier island	Long, narrow islands of sand and/or gravel that are usually aligned parallel to the shore of some coasts.
cirrostratus clouds	High altitude sheet like clouds composed of ice crystals
yoke	unit of measurement for surface area
economics	The social science that chiefly studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
alpine	The biogeographic zone made up of slopes above the tree line characterised by the presence of rosette-forming herbaceous plants and low, shrubby, slow-growing woody plants.
lead	a naturally-occurring heavy, soft metallic element; human exposure can cause brain and nervous system damage, especially in children.
well	a bored, drilled, or driven shaft or a dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension and whose purpose is to reach underground water supplies or oil or to store or bury fluids below ground.
nonstocked	a site condition in which the area is less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
volatility	A chemical's tendency to evaporate into the air, usually measured in units of Pascals, atmospheres, or pounds per square inch
endocrine disruptors	substances that stop the production or block the transmission of hormones in the body.
polycyclic landform	Landform that shows the repeated influence of one or more major geomorphic processes over geological time
social organization	The structure of social relations within a group, including relations among different subgroups and institutions.
meningitis	Inflammation of the meninges (part of the covering of the brain), usually caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi.
landings	the amount of fish brought back to the docks and marketed
exponential curve	A curve plotting change over time, in which the rate of change keeps increasing
water-soluble substance	a substance that can readily disperse through the environment.
bottle shock	the condition of the wine after bottling
hypothesis	A tentative assumption that is made for the purpose of empirical scientific testing
nuclear power	Energy that comes from breaking apart the center (nucleus) of an atom.
temperature control	used to control the fermentation
fleshy	full-bodied
estuary	thin zone along a coastline where freshwater system(s) and river(s) meet and mix with a salty ocean (such as a bay, mouth of a river, salt marsh, lagoon).
element	A substance that cannot be chemically separated or broken down into other substances
precipitable water	Amount of water potentially available in the atmosphere for precipitation
estate bottling	bottled by the producer
greening	cultivation of green plant matter
interstate water	according to law, interstate waters are defined as (1) rivers, lakes and other waters that flow across or form a part of state or international boundaries; (2) waters of the Great Lakes; (3) coastal waters whose scope has been defined to include ocean waters seaward to the territorial limits and waters along the coastline (including inland streams) influenced by the tide.
compound	A compound is the atoms of different elements joined together.
over-development	expansion or development of land to the point of damage.
mollisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
circulate	to move in a circle, circuit or orbit; to flow without obstruction; to follow a course that returns to the starting point.
residual	The part of a plant left after it is grazed
international energy agency	Established in 1974, the agency is linked with the OECD
air sampling pump	An air sampling pump is a device which draws air through a collection filter to measure levels of contaminants present in air
turning unit	A system used to compost large amounts of yard and kitchen scraps in two months, more or less
mesocyclone	A cylinder of cyclonically flowing air that form vertically in a severe thunderstorm
fish	Group of vertebrate animals that inhabit aquatic habitats.
organic	Substance which includes carbon-to-carbon bonds.
global warming	increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface.
ocean current	Large scale horizontal flow of ocean water that is persistent and driven by atmospheric circulation.
atmospheric	Relating to the atmosphere, or the air above the Earth.
land ekg	A system for monitoring land health, designed to provide land managers with more useful information about what their land needs to become or stay healthy
seedling	a tree less than one inch DBH.
fen	A habitat composed of woodland and swamp.
cleanup	treatment, remediation, or destruction of contaminated material.
ice jam	The accumulation of ice at a specific location along a stream channel
hydrology	the science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water.
economies of scale	The unit cost of an activity declines when the activity is extended (e.g., more units are produced).
leukemia	a form of bone marrow cancer marked by an increase in white blood cells.
tradable permit	See Emission permit.
ecotone	Boundary zone between two unique community types.
land grant universities	A system of public universities in the U.S., intended to provide education for the masses, do agricultural research, and serve communities through the Cooperative Extension Service
character	style
confidentiality	Information, such as medical information or income, which is legally defined as private
mineral weathering	The physical and chemical breakdown of rocks that releases ions such as calcium and aluminum.
lagoon	a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater
cone of depression	Cone shaped depression occurring horizontally across a water table
zonal	Movement of wind or ocean waters in a direction that is roughly parallel to the lines of latitude.
cerebrovascular disease	Range of disorders in which an area of the brain is temporarily or permanently affected by a loss of blood supply involving one or more blood vessels.
natural resources	All the parts of the Earth that are not human-made and which people use, like fish, trees, minerals, lakes, or rivers.
chemical autotroph	Organism that uses the external energy found in chemical compounds to produce food molecules
stream bed	Bottom of the stream channel.
waste site	dumping ground.
drinking water compliance	The act of meeting all state and federal drinking water regulations.
quarter measure	a 0.25 litre glass measure
discharge permit	a permit issued by a state or the federal government to discharge effluent into waters of the state or the United States
grape must concentrate	the concentrate is used to thicken the must
billfish	pelagic fish with long, spear-like protrusions at their snouts, such as swordfish and marlin.
polar jet stream	Relatively fast uniform winds concentrated within the upper atmosphere in a narrow band
community	Refers to all the populations of interacting species found in a specific area or region at a certain time.
inchoate water right	an unperfected water right.
radiation	Energy that passes from a warm object to a cooler one, like energy from the Sun to the Earth - sunlight.
over-fishing	fishing beyond the capacity of a population to replace itself through natural reproduction.
magma	Molten rock originating from the Earth's interior.
chaparral	A biological community composed of shrubby plants adapted to dry summers and moist winters
soil profile	An indicator showing how characteristics of the soil change with depth
storm tracks	Originally, a term referring to the tracks of individual cyclonic weather systems, but now often generalized to refer to the regions where the main tracks of extra-tropical disturbances occur as sequences of low (cyclonic) and high (anti-cyclonic) pressure systems.
industrialized countries	nations whose economies are based on industrial production and the conversion of raw materials into products and services, mainly with the use of machinery and artificial energy (fossil fuels and nuclear fission); generally located in the northern and western hemispheres (e.g., U.S., Japan, the countries of Europe).
gross lees	the sediment in the barrel or tank
origin	The arbitrary starting point on a graph or grid coordinate system
mycorrhiza	Plural mycorrhizas or mycorrhizae
continental ice sheet	See continental glacier.
c4 plants	Plants that produce a four-carbon compound during photosynthesis, mainly of tropical origin, including grasses and the agriculturally important crops maize, sugar cane, millet and sorghum.
chagas’disease	A parasitic disease caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs in the Americas, with two clinical periods: acute (fever, swelling of the spleen, oedemas) and chronic (digestive syndrome, potentially fatal heart condition).
troposphere	The lowest part of the atmosphere, from the surface to about 10 kilometers (~6 miles) in altitude at mid-latitudes (ranging from 9 kilometers (~5.6 miles) at high latitudes to 16 kilometers (~10 miles in the tropics on average), where clouds and weather phenomena occur
abandoned well	a well which is no longer used
taku	Name for a katabatic type of cold wind that occurs in Alaska.
hydrostatic pressure	pressure exerted by or existing within a liquid at rest with respect to adjacent bodies.
geostationary orbit	Satellite that has an orbit that keeps it over the same point on the Earth at all times
westerlies	Dominant winds of the mid-latitudes
physical soil crust	(Also immature capping.) A soil crust that shows no sign of successional advancement (colonization by algae, mosses, etc.)
carbon dioxide	A naturally occurring gas made of carbon and oxygen
pesticide	insecticide
sensitivity analysis	Analysis of how errors in one or more estimates would affect the conclusion drawn from the estimates.
threshold	The level of magnitude of a system process at which sudden or rapid change occurs
dynamic equilibrium	A dynamic equilibrium occurs when a system displays unrepeated average states through time.
light	A humanly visible form of electromagnetic radiation
magnum	bottle size format
clean air act	The original Clean Air Act was passed in 1963, but our national air pollution control program is actually based on the 1970 version of the law
skimming	using a machine to remove oil or scum from the surface of the water.
herbivore	an organism that obtains nutrition and energy by eating plants.
ground water	Water that occurs below the surface of the Earth, where it occupies spaces in soil or layers of rock
phylloxera	a vineyard pest that was brought to Europe from its native America
pesticides	chemical agents used to destroy pests.
primary carnivore	See secondary consumer.
gap	A spatial opening in a plant community
thermonuclear	the application of high heat, obtained via a fission explosion, to bring about fusion of light nuclei.
fire hazard	the fuel complex defined by kind, arrangement, volume, condition, and location that form a special threat of ignition or suppression difficulty.
hearings	testimony (sworn statements like those given in court) given before a Congressional committee.
grassroots	local or person-to-person
perfume	aroma
heat of vaporization	the amount of heat necessary to convert a liquid (water) into vapor.
temperate glacier	Glacier in which the ice found below 10 to 20 meters from its surface is at the pressure melting point
parametric tests	Statistical tests that assume the sample data is normally distributed.
spatial analysis	The examination of the spatial pattern of natural and human-made phenomena using numerical analysis and statistics.
bud	bud
fall	Season between summer and winter
biogeochemical cycling	Cycling of a single element, compound or chemicals by various abiotic and biotic processes through the various stores found in the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
submarine canyon	V-shaped canyons cut into the continental slope to a deep of up to 1200 meters
permeability	the ability of a water bearing material to transmit water
atmosphere	The gaseous mass or envelope of air surrounding the Earth
water quality	the chemical, physical, biological, radiological, and thermal condition of water.
riparian ecosystem	a transitional ecosystem located between aquatic (usually riverine) and terrestrial (upland) environments
varve	A thin yearly deposit of sediment found on the bottom of a lake
overland flow	The topographic movement of a thin film of water from precipitation to lower elevations
place	A term used in geography that describes the factors that make the location of natural and human-made phenomena unique.
ausbruch	style of classified sweet wine
sea smoke	See evaporation fog.
pediatric asthma tracking	The ongoing collection, analysis and interpretation of health data from schools where children are enrolled in Kindergarten through 8th grade and had been diagnosed with asthma.
windward	Upwind side or side directly influenced to the direction that the wind blows from
tidal power	A form of renewable energy generated from the natural rise and fall of the ocean.
discharge	the volume of water that passes a given point within a given period of time
thermocline	Boundary in a body of water where the greatest vertical change in temperature occurs
high pressure	An area of atmospheric pressure within the Earth's atmosphere that is above average
reuse	Using a component of MSW in its original form more than once, eg refilling a glass bottle that has been returned or using a coffee can to hold nuts and bolts.
leachate collection system	a system that gathers leachate and pumps it to the surface for treatment.
stability	a condition whereby system variables return to equilibrium after being disturbed
national park	Reserve of land or sea, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution
isoline	Lines on a map joining points of equal value.
cellular	Composed of cells
grab sample	a sample taken at a given place and time
epiphyte	Type of vegetation that gets its physical support from the branches of other plants
soil erosion	the processes by which soil is removed from one place by forces such as wind, water, waves, glaciers, and construction activity and eventually deposited at some new place.
chlorination byproducts	cancer-causing chemicals created when chlorine used for water disinfection combines with dirt and organic matter in water.
trockenbeerenauslese	highest category of sweet wine
wavelength	Distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.
rain	A form of precipitation
stream discharge	A river or stream's rate of flow over a particular period of time
silky	supple
gelisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
soil profile	Vertical arrangement of layers or horizons in a soil.
food chain	A series of living organisms connected by one eating another
ecological corridor	A thin strip of vegetation used by wildlife, potentially allowing movement of biotic factors between two areas.
kirchoff's law	This law suggests that good emitters of radiation are also good absorbers of radiation at specific electromagnetic radiation wavelength bands
tsunami	A large wave produced by a submarine earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption.
ullage	natural evaporation of wine, especially from oak barrels
worker	A person who performs work
thermal expansion	In connection with sea-level rise, this refers to the increase in volume (and decrease in density) that results from warming water
surge	A large, destructive ocean wave caused by very low atmospheric pressure and strong winds
convection	Vertical motion driven by buoyancy forces arising from static instability, usually caused by near-surface cooling or increases in salinity in the case of the ocean and near-surface warming in the case of the atmosphere
table	in the legislative sense, an action taken to halt debate on a bill.
densified refuse-derived fuel	A refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that has been processed through compaction to produce briquettes, pellets, or cubes.
mutualism	A biological interaction between individuals of two different species, where each individual derives a fitness benefit
operations and maintenance	An overarching term for activities related to the performance of routine, preventive, predictive, scheduled, and unscheduled actions aimed at preventing transportation system failure or decline
meltwater	water that comes from the melting ice of a glacier or a snowbank.
active transport	Transport of molecules against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and energy from
critical low flow	low flow conditions below which some standards do not apply
atom	The basic building block of all the matter in the universe
caldera	A large circular depression in a volcano.
vector	An animal that transmits bacterial, viral, fungal or other disease.
dna [deoxyribonucleic acid]	a long organic molecule composed of nucleotides in a linear order that contributes the genetic information of cells; capable of replicating itself and of synthesizing ribonucleic acid (RNA).
cryptosporidium	a protozoan (single-celled organism) that can infect humans, usually as a result of exposure to contaminated drinking water.
capacity building	Improving and building the technical and managerial skills and resources within an organisation.
anoxia	Anoxia
pyramid of biomass	Graphic model describing the distribution of biomass in an ecosystem or community at the trophic level
limnology	scientific study of physical, chemical, and biological conditions in lakes, ponds, and streams.
flocculation	Chemical processes where salt causes the aggregation of minute clay particles into larger masses that are too heavy to remain suspended water.
seal	the impermeable material, such as cement grout bentonite, or puddling clay placed in the annular space between the borehole wall and the casing of a water well to prevent the downhole movement of surface water or the vertical mixing of artestian waters.
northing	Second measurement of a grid reference used to specific the location of a point on a rectangular coordinate system
solar energy	See insolation.
water surface elevation	the elevation of a water surface above or below an established reference level, such as sea level.
plankton	microscopic floating plant and animal organisms of lakes, rivers, and oceans.
recycling	system of collecting, sorting, and reprocessing old material into usable raw materials.
intermediate disturbance hypothesis	a theory in ecology which states that the highest levels of diversity are supported at intermediate levels of disturbance (frequency or intensity).
gaia hypothesis	The Gaia hypothesis states that the temperature and composition of the Earth's surface are actively controlled by life on the planet
basal sliding	The sliding of a glacier over the surface it rests on
lymphoma	a tumor marked by swelling in the lymph nodes.
diffused solar radiation	Solar radiation received by the Earth's atmosphere or surface that has been modified by atmospheric scattering.
leukemia	Any of several cancers of blood-forming organs (usually bone marrow cells) which cause the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes).
natural gas	Hydrocarbon based gas, mainly composed of methane, commonly found in the pores of sedimentary rocks of marine origin.
fern	A group of about 11,000 species of vascular seedless plants that belong to the division Pterophyta
concrete space	Actual geographic space in the real world
easterly wave	Atmospheric disturbance in the tropical trade winds
infrastructure	The basic equipment, utilities, productive enterprises, installations and services essential for the development, operation and growth of an organization, city or nation.
particulate matter	A collective name for fine solid or liquid particles added to the atmosphere by processes at the earth's surface
developmental effects	Physical or cognitive effects that develop in the fetus during pregnancy and may be due to exposure before conception (either parent) ,during fetal development or may be due to genetics.
biomass	The weight of living tissues usually measured per unit area over a particular time interval
food chain efficiency	The percentage of carbon-chain energy at one step of a food chain that is available for consumption by the next step of the food chain.
topographic profile	A two-dimensional diagram that describes the landscape in vertical cross-section.
acclimatization	The physiological adaptation to climatic variations.
molecule	the smallest division of a compound that still retains or exhibits all the properties of the substance.
water availability model	a numerical surface water flow model used to determine the availability of surface water for water right permitting.
metabolism	Describes all of the enzymatic reactions performed by the cells of an organism.
laminar flow	Movement of water within a stream that occurs as uninterrupted parallel flows
zone of influence	The area surrounding a city and affected by the city’s authority or commerce.
melting	the changing of a solid into a liquid.
direct solar radiation	Solar radiation received by the Earth's atmosphere or surface which has not been modified by atmospheric scattering.
marbled murrelet	a rare and imperiled bird that nests in ancient forests on the west coast of the U.S.
antigens	Molecules carried or produced by microorganisms that initiate antibody production; mostly
guyot	form of trellising system
reflected infrared radiation	Form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 to 3.0 micrometers (µm).
acceptable daily intake	The highest daily amount of a substance that may be consumed over a lifetime without adverse effects.
percolating waters	waters passing through the ground beneath the Earth's surface without a definite channel.
mineral cycling	See MATERIAL CYCLING.
maximum contaminant level violation	Failure to keep a contaminant level in drinking water below its Maximum Contaminant Level.
bioinformatics	The study of the application of computer and statistical techniques to the management of information
phloem	Food conducting tissue in vascular plants.
trophic level	The position that an organism occupies in a food chain.
residual	amount of a pollutant remaining in the environment after a natural or technological process has occurred.
needle ice	A form of periglacial ground ice that consists of groups ice slivers at or immediately below the ground surface
ecological assessment	a process for describing the status of ecosystems, their components, related processes and effects, and associated interactions
classic	label description for Austrian wine
antibodies	Proteins produced by immune system cells that bind to foreign molecules and microorganisms and inactivate them.
nonpotable	not suitable for drinking
jeroboam	double Magnum
weather	The state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place.
climatic optimum	Warmest period during the Holocene epoch
metasomatic metamorphism	Form of metamorphism that causes the chemical replacement of elements in rock minerals when gases and liquids permeate into bedrock.
brandy wine	base wine used for the production of brandy
star	A large and very massive, self-luminous celestial body of gas that illuminates via the radiation derived from its internal source of energy.
bearing	A system that measures in reference to the cardinal points of a compass in 90 degree quadrants.
salvage harvest	removal of dead and dying trees resulting from insect and disease epidemics or wildfire.
cloud condensation nuclei	Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles (typically 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet) about which cloud droplets coalesce
geocoding	The conversion of features found on an analog map into a computer-digital form
water filters	substances (such as charcoal) or fine membrane structures used to remove impurities from water.
remote sensing	The gathering of information from an object or surface without direct contact.
index contour	Contour line that is accentuated in thickness and is often labeled with the appropriate measure of elevation
coastal zone	Relatively nutrient-rich, shallow part of the ocean that extends from the high-tide mark on land to the edge of the continental shelf.
ice fog	A fog that is composed of small suspended ice crystals
glacier	a huge mass of land ice that consists of recrystallized snow and moves slowly downslope or outward.
ecosystem structure	the physical elements and spatial arrangement of the living and nonliving elements within an ecosystem.
aquatic	growing in, living in, or frequenting water.
reduce	act of purchasing or consuming less to begin with, so as not to have to reuse or recycle later.
grid north	The direction north as measured on the Universal Transverse Mercator grid system.
scenario	A plausible and often simplified description of how the future may develop, based on a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions about driving forces and key relationships
drainage well	a well drilled to carry excess water off agricultural fields
sand	Mineral particle with a size between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter
geopressured reservoir	a geothermal reservoir consisting of porous sands containing water or brine at high temperature or pressure.
cold vapor	method to test water for the presence of mercury.
dry	dry (taste)
acronyms	The ARB uses many acronyms and we hope this list of acronyms lists will be of assistance to users of this website.
whole	An arrangement or pattern of smaller elements, whose properties cannot all be predicted from the elements that comprise it
cap	An enforceable limit on total emissions for the facilities covered under the cap-and-trade program
caramelised	taste impression
sand sea	A large region of sand and sand dunes in a desert
braided stream	Shallow stream channel that is subdivided into a number of continually shifting smaller channels that are separated by bar deposits.
transportation control measure	Any control measure to reduce vehicle trips, vehicle use, vehicle miles traveled, vehicle idling, or traffic congestion for the purpose of reducing motor vehicle emissions
bay	A body of sheltered water found in a crescent shaped coastal configuration of land.
ethnicity	A term that represents a group based on their cultural and social affiliation, common history and origin, and sense of identification with the group [compare with race].
to concentrate	to draw water out of the must, must concentration
joint attribution	Involves both attribution of observed changes to regional climate change and attribution of a measurable portion of either regional climate change or the associated observed changes in the system to anthropogenic causes, beyond natural variability
disinfection byproducts	halogenated organic chemicals formed when water is disinfected.
asbestos removal site	The asbestos work area and the surrounding adjacent area
ecosystem	an interconnected and symbiotic grouping of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms.
vitikult	the name of a Vintner Association
inversion	A meteorological condition in which the temperature of the atmosphere rises with increased elevation instead of falling, creating a stagnant layer of air near the ground.
total alcohol	the sum of the alcohol by volume and the unfermented residual sugars of the potential alcohol
gamete	A haploid reproductive cell.
vested water right	the right granted by a state water agency to use either surface or ground water.
delicate	subtle
snow water equivalent	The equivalent volume/mass of water that would be produced if a particular body of snow or ice was melted.
dregs	sediment
greenhouse gases	Gases responsible for the greenhouse effect
map projection	Cartographic process used to represent the Earth's three-dimensional surface onto a two-dimension map
polar axis	Is a line drawn through the Earth around the planet rotates
environmental hazard	A substance or situation in the environment that might adversely affect human health
adsorption	Removal of a pollutant from air or water by collecting the pollutant on the surface of a solid material; e.g., an advanced method of treating waste in which activated carbon removes organic matter from waste-water.
ca	Calcium; a base cation that helps to reduce acidification
evolution	Is a process by which species come to possess genetic adaptations to their environment
lock-in effect	Technologies that cover large market shares continue to be used due to factors such as sunk investment costs, related infrastructure development, use of complementary technologies and associated social and institutional habits and structures.
sigmoid curve	exponential curve.
salts	minerals that cause salinity
fluid drag	Reduction in the flow velocity of a fluid by the frictional effects of a surface.
carbonic maceration	carbonic maceration
photochemical smog	A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emissions and is acted upon by the action of the sun
bitter taste	undesired note
mesosphere	Atmospheric layer found between the stratosphere and the thermosphere
corked	cork taint
chalk	Form of limestone
siberian high	High pressure system that develops in winter over northern central Asia.
distance ratio	Method for measuring the gradient of a slope
headwaters	Upper portion of stream's drainage system.
ice stream	A stream of ice flowing faster than the surrounding ice sheet
isostacy	The buoyant condition of the Earth's crust floating in the asthenosphere
technology transfer	The exchange of knowledge, hardware and associated software, money and goods among stakeholders, which leads to the spreading of technology for adaptation or mitigation
gust front	A boundary found ahead of a thunderstorm that separates cold storm downdrafts from warm humid surface air
ground frost	Frost that penetrates the soil surface in response to freezing temperatures.
gene	the functional unit of heredity; the part of the DNA molecule that encodes a single enzyme or structural protein unit.
moisture holding capacity	the amount of liquid that can be held against gravity, by waste materials or soil, without generating free liquid.
raptor	also known as bird of prey; hunt for food primarily using their keen senses (especially vision); have large, powerful talons and beaks used for tearing and/or piercing flesh to hunt vertebrates; birds that have very good eye sight for finding food, strong feet for holding food, and a strong curved beak for tearing flesh
supercooled water	Cooling of water below 0° Celsius without freezing
radioactive waste	the byproduct of nuclear reactions that gives off (usually harmful) radiation.
clean air act	Originally passed in 1963, although the 1970 version of the law is the basis of today's U.S
cloudburst	a torrential downpour of rain, which by it spottiness and relatively high intensity suggests the bursting and discharge of water from a cloud all at once.
trawls	nets with a wide mouth tapering to a small, pointed end, usually called the "cod end." Trawls are towed behind a vessel at any depth in the water column.
pteropods	Planktonic, small marine snails with swimming organs resembling wings.
creek	a small stream of water which serves as the natural drainage course for a drainage basin
deuterium	Isotope of hydrogen, with a nucleus containing one proton and one neutron, and an atomic mass number of 2.
medfly	the Mediterranean fruit fly, a flying insect.
heat island	An urban area characterized by ambient temperatures higher than those of the surrounding non-urban area
bed load	the particles in a stream channel that mainly move by bouncing, sliding, or rolling on or near the bottom of the stream.
hydrogeology	the geology of groundwater, with particular emphasis on the chemistry and movement of water.
laurasia	Northern section of Pangaea.
climatology	Scientific study of the Earth's climate over long time spans (greater than several days)
in-situ stripping	treatment system that removes or strips volatile organic compounds from contaminated groundwater or surface water by forcing an air stream through the water and causing the compounds to evaporate.
groundwater law	the common law doctrine of riparian rights and the doctrine of prior appropriation as applied to ground water.
certificate of water right	an official document which serves as court evidence of a perfected water right.
capital stock	Existing investments in energy plant and equipment that may or may not be modified once installed.
respiratory disease	Respiratory disease is an acute or chronic illness affecting the respiratory system; includes acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
habitat	The place or environment where a plant or animal naturally lives and grows.
public health surveillance	The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data
pollution	The release of harmful substances into the environment.
dead end	the end of a water main that is not connected to other parts of the distribution system.
convection	Convection involves the transfer of heat energy by means of vertical mass motions through a medium.
significance	See statistical significance.
deciduous vegetation	Type of vegetation that sheds its leaves during winter or dry seasons
plateau basalt	An accumulation of horizontal flows of basaltic lava
life-expectancy	The number of years that a person can expect to live on average, based on estimation of data on death rates of the population
hygroscopic nuclei	piece of dust or other particle around which water condenses in the atmophere
chalk	calcium compounds
liana	Species of plant that uses the support of wood plants to elevate its leaves above the forest canopy.
recharge area	The area on the Earth's surface that receives water for storage into a particular aquifer.
positive deviation	positive exception.
doppler	2 litre bottle
tongass	a national forest in southeast Alaska comprising one of the United States' last remaining temperate rainforests.
evaporation	Evaporation can be defined as the process by which liquid water is converted into a gaseous state
productivity	See biological productivity
flora	the total vegetation assemblage that inhabits an area.
subsea permafrost	Form of permafrost that exists beneath the sea in ocean sediments.
gradient	The steepness of a slope as measured in degrees, percentage, or as a distance ratio (rise/run).
coarse woody debris [cwd]	large pieces of wood, generally greater than 10 cm in diameter, on or near the forest floor, including sound or rotting logs, stumps and large branches that have fallen or been cut
dam	a structure of earth, rock, or concrete designed to form a basin and hold water back to make a pond, lake, or reservoir.
flood	Inundation of a land surface that is not normally submerged by water from quick change in the level of a water body like a lake, stream, or ocean.
radionuclide	Radioactive particle, man-made or natural
holistic decision-making	The type of decision-making people do using Holistic Management
semi-arid regions	Regions of moderately low rainfall, which are not highly productive and are usually classified as rangelands
water mass	A volume of ocean water with identifiable properties (temperature, salinity, density, chemical tracers) resulting from its unique formation process
inosilicate	Subclass of the silicate class of minerals
reducing the yield	measurement of quality in the vineyard by reducing the yield
glacial ice	A very dense form frozen water that is much harder than snow, névé, or firn.
finite element	a method of solving the governing equations of a numerical model by dividing the spatial domain into elements in each of which the solution of the governing equations is approximated by a continuous function.
alpine	The biogeographic zone made up of slopes above the tree line characterized by the presence of rosette-forming herbaceous plants and low, shrubby, slow-growing woody plants.
malic acid	natural acidity
telecommuting	Telecommuting is a work arrangement in which employees enjoy flexibility in working location and hours
earthy	earthy taste in the wine
specialist species	Species that have a relatively narrow ecological niche
health surveillance	Regular health checks to monitor changes in a worker's health as a result of exposure to asbestos.
source region	Area where air masses originate and come to possess their moisture and temperature characteristics.
inert	Lacking the ability to chemically react with other substances.
particulate matter	Finely divided solids or liquids ranging in size from less than 0.1 micron to 50 microns in aerodynamic diameter
bivalve	having a shell composed of two parts (valves).
public good	Refers to commodities or services whose benefits are not depleted by additional users and for which it is generally difficult, if not impossible, to exclude people from its benefits even if they are unwilling to pay for it
precipitation	Rain, hail, mist, sleet, snow, or any other moisture that falls to the Earth.
barometer	Instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
confidence	In this Report, the level of confidence in a statement is expressed using a standard terminology defined in the Introduction
contaminant	Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter that has an adverse effect on air, water, or soil.
soil horizon	Layer within a soil profile that differs physically, biologically or chemically from layers above and/or below it.
managed growth	growth or expansion that is controlled so as not to be harmful.
bank-caving	Collapse of stream bank material into a stream channel.
operation	The process of waste handling and associated management activities.
life-year	One year of a non-specified person's life
nitrogen oxides	reactive organic gases and particulate matter, in addition to toxic substances such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene
horizontal press	machine used to press grapes
lithification	Process by which sediments are consolidated into sedimentary rock.
aggregate impacts	Total impacts integrated across sectors and/or regions
cooper	constructor of oak barrels
miller cylindrical projection	Map projection that mathematically projects the Earth's surface onto a cylinder that is tangent at the equator
usgs	United States Geological Survey
everglades	large and biologically diverse wetland ecosystem in South Florida.
cryotic	Something that is frozen.
valley train	A linear accumulation of glaciofluvial outwash sediments found in a once glaciated valley.
water vapor	Water that is present in the atmosphere as a gas
biosphere	(1) the part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life; (2) the living organisms and their environment composing the biosphere.
throughflow	The roughly horizontal flow of water through soil or regolith.
alternative fibers	fibers produced from non-wood sources for use in paper making.
confining bed or unit	a body of impermeable or distinctly less permeable material stratigraphically adjacent to one or more aquifers.
base flows	the component of a flow regime that represents normal flow conditions between precipitation events
indirect source review	A major component of an indirect source control program which applies to new and modified indirect sources
fertility	the ability to reproduce; in humans, the ability to bear children.
distillation	water treatment method where water is boiled to steam and condensd in a separate reservoir
transpiration	The evaporation of water vapour from the surfaces of leaves through stomata.
ppb	See parts per billion.
eutrophication	A reduction in the amount of oxygen dissolved in water
soil water	The water found occupying the pore spaces between soil particles.
underdrain	a concealed drain with openings through which the water enters when the water table reaches the level of the drain.
allier	oak
ecology	The study of ecosystems
weathering landform	Is a landform created by the physical or chemical decomposition of rock through weathering
stack	A chimney, smokestack, or vertical pipe that discharges used air.
stk	Steirische Klassik association
südsteiermark	wine-growing region
bar screen	in wastewater treatment, a device used to remove large solids from the incoming wastewater stream.
elastic limit	Maximum level of elastic deformation of a material without rupture.
reference scenario	See baseline/reference.
epicenter	Surface location of an earthquake's focus.
graben fault	This fault is produced when tensional stresses result in the subsidence of a block of rock
post-consumer waste	Waste from consumption activities, e.g
environmental impact statement	a document that analyzes the effects of major federal projects on the environment
aeration tank	a chamber used to inject air into water.
primary production	production of organic compounds from carbon through photosynthesis
untypical aging note	untypical aging aroma
population parameter	A value used to represent a certain quantifiable characteristic of a population
frictional force	Force acting on wind near the Earth's surface due to frictional roughness
transportation improvement program	Document prepared by states and regional planning commissions (i.e., DRCOG) identifying projects to be funded under federal transportation programs for a full-year period
compass	Navigation instrument that uses the Earth's magnetic field to determine direction.
turbidity	a cloudy condition in water due to suspended silt or organic matter.
leaf drip	The rain water that fall to the ground surface from plant leaves after it has been intercepted by these structures.
mulch	Material put between rows or around the bases of plants to conserve moisture and to discourage the growth of weeds
earthquake	Is a sudden motion or trembling in the Earth
chagas' disease	A parasitic disease caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs in the Americas, with two clinical periods: acute (fever, swelling of the spleen, oedemas) and chronic (digestive syndrome, potentially fatal heart condition).
positive exception	Also called counterexample or positive deviation
plant	Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae
benthic community	The community of organisms living on or near the bottom of a water body such as a river, a lake or an ocean.
toxic waste	garbage or waste that can injure, poison, or harm living things, and is sometimes life-threatening.
polar front	Weather front located typically in the mid-latitudes that separates arctic and polar air masses from tropical air masses
ract	Acronym for Reasonably Available Control Technology.
turbulent flow	Movement of water within a stream that occurs as discrete eddies and vortices
sulphur dioxide	A polluting gas formed from sulphur
ferrel cell	Three-dimensional atmospheric circulation cell located at roughly 30 to 60° North and South of the equator.
intergenerational equity	The fairness of the distribution of the costs and benefits of a policy when costs and benefits are borne by different generations
berm	Low hill of sand that forms along coastal beaches.
storm surge	The temporary increase, at a particular locality, in the height of the sea due to extreme meteorological conditions (low atmospheric pressure and/or strong winds)
slope failure	The downslope movement of soil and sediment by processes of mass movement.
fjord	A glacial valley or glacial trough found along the coast that is now filled with a mixture of fresh water and seawater.
boundary conditions	definition or statement of conditions or phenomena at the boundaries of a model; water levels, flows, and concentrations that are specified at the boundaries of the area being modeled.
potable	suitable, safe, or prepared for drinking
tuberculation	development or formation of small mounds of corrosion products on the inside of iron pipe
eutrophication	Physical, chemical and biological changes in a water body as a result of the input nitrogen and phosphorus.
absorption	The process by which the products of
open competition	Free competition between service providers
reserves	amount of a particular resource in known locations that can be extracted at a profit with present technology and prices.
distilled water	water that has been treated by boiling and condensation to remove solids, inorganics, and some organic chemicals.
landfill farming	Using a topsoil for the mixing in and treating some wastes and/or sludges
mesa	A flat topped hill that rises sharply above the surrounding landscape
plate tectonics	refers to the folding and faulting of rock and flow of molten lava involving lithospheric plates in the earth's crust and upper mantle.
photosynthesis	The synthesis by plants, algae and some bacteria of sugar from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen as the waste product
groundwater	water within the earth that supplies wells and springs; water in the zone of saturation where all openings in rocks and soil are filled, the upper surface of which forms the water table.
air pollutants	Amounts of foreign and/or natural substances occurring in the atmosphere that may result in adverse effects on humans, animals, vegetation, and/or materials.
weststeiermark	wine-growing region
force of acceleration	Force resulting in the speed of a moving body to increase.
chinook wind	The name of a North American wind that occurs on the leeward side of mountains
pond	a body of water usually smaller than a lake and larger than a pool either naturally or artificially confined.
dionysus	Greek god
lichen	Organism that consists of a symbiotic joining of a species of fungi and a species of algae.
mfm membrane filter method	A method for estimating airborne asbestos fibres
genus	A group in the classification of organisms
hypoxia	the depletion of dissolved oxygen in water, a condition resulting from an overabundance of nutrients of human or natural origin that stimulates the growth of algae, which in turn die and require large amounts of oxygen as the algae decompose
initial dilution	the process that results in the rapid and irreversible turbulent mixing of effluent and receiving water around the point of discharge.
unconformity	A break in the sequence of sedimentary strata
hardpan	Impervious layer found within the soil
tree rings	Concentric rings of secondary wood evident in a cross-section of the stem of a woody plant
electrodialysis	a process which uses an electrical current and an arrangement of permeable membranes to separate soluble minerals from water
rethink	the act of reconsidering.
air pollution	The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects.
lulus	“Locally undesirable land use.” An acronym employed to describe a local development which members of the public oppose.
habitat	(1) the natural home of an animal or plant; (2) the sum of the environmental conditions that determine the existence of a community in a specific place.
head	the pressure of a fluid owing to its elevation, usually expressed in feet of head or in pounds per square inch, since a measure of fluid pressure is the height of a fluid column above a given or known point.
immediate action plan	Identified as a sub-component of the overall action plan
seedling	a new vine that is cultivated from a seedling
compostable	material that biodegrades substantially into carbon dioxide, methane, water, and compost biomass; a subset of "biodegradable"
aerated lagoon	a holding and/or treatment pond that speeds up the natural process of biological decomposition of organic waste by stimulating the growth and activity of bacteria that degrade organic waste.
perched water table	groundwater standing unprotected over a confined zone.
leachate collection system	A system that gathers leachate (usually in a landfill) and pumps it to the wastewater treatment facility.
muskeg	Poorly drained marshes or swamps found overlying permafrost.
interception	Is the capture of precipitation by the plant canopy and its subsequent return to the atmosphere through evaporation or sublimation
universe	All of the observable phenomena in the celestial cosmos.
spring tide	Tide that occurs every 14 to 15 days and coincides with the new and full moon
appropriative rights	"first in time, first in right” principle of allocating water rights based
implementation	Implementation describes the actions taken to meet commitments under a treaty and encompasses legal and effective phases
gas	natural gas, used as fuel.
syncline	A fold in rock layers that forms a trough-like bend.
workplace	Any place where people work.
calcite	Mineral formed from calcium carbonate
backshore slope	Sloping bank landward of the shore
data	A collection of facts, numbers, or other pieces of information
irrigation return flow	water which is not consumptively used by plants and returns to a surface or ground water supply
desalination	the process of salt removal from sea or brackish water.
marine mammal	a mammal that lives in the ocean, such as a whale.
subpolar lows	Surface zone of atmospheric low pressure located at about 60° North and South latitude
canadian shield	Very old igneous and metamorphic shield rock that covers much of northern Canada
mass	Refers to the amount of material found in an object (usually of unit volume).
gradient wind	Horizontal wind in the upper atmosphere that moves parallel to curved isobars
era	Geologic time unit that is shorter than an eon but longer than a period.
biosphere reserve	a part of an international network of preserved areas designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
slate	type of soil
levels	the level of the wine in the bottle
orographic precipitation	rainfall that occurs as a result of warm, humid air being forced to rise by topographic features such as mountains
holistic	Concerned with a complete system.
saline water	water containing more than 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved solids of any type
index of biotic integrity	a multi-metric measure of biological condition developed from collection of data for fish or other organisms
fitness	Survival and reproduction ability of an individual
northeast trade winds	See trade winds.
newton	A unit of force that creates an acceleration on a mass of 1 kilogram equal to 1 meter per second with no friction and under the conditions of a vacuum.
riparian	Relating to or living or located on the bank of a natural watercourse (such as a river) or sometimes of a lake or a tidewater.
lava flow	Stream of lava flowing from a volcanic vent.
extreme weather event	An event that is rare within its statistical reference distribution at a particular place
al	Aluminum; a metal that is toxic to trees and fish
infiltration rate	the quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval.
drift	Any material deposited by a glacier.
lakes	substantial inland bodies of standing water.
heat island	The dome of relatively warm air which develops over the center of urbanized areas.
trade winds	Surface winds that generally dominate air flow in the tropics
naturalized conditions	an estimate of natural conditions obtained by attempting to remove effects of human activities from a set of measured conditions.
blizzard	Winter severe weather condition characterized by strong wind, blowing snow, and cold temperatures.
brittle	An environment characterized by unreliable and irregular precipitation, and slow decay
gall-peters projection	Map projection system that reduces the area distortion found in Mercator projections.
public awareness and education	Public Awareness and Education campaigns can take many shapes and forms
lignin	A substance that, together with cellulose, forms the woody cell walls of plants and the connecting material between them
reverse osmosis	a water treatment method whereby water is forced through a semipermeable membrane which filters out impurities.
chlorine demand	the difference between the amount of chlorine added to water, sewage, or industrial wastes and the amount of residual chlorine remaining at the end of a specific contact period
invasive	When humans change ecosystem processes to strongly favor undesirable plants, we then blame these "weeds" for being invasive
pollutant	A substance that has a harmful effect on the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.
refractometer	Refractor instrument used to measure the content of sugar in a grape or in must.
median	Statistical measure of central tendency in a set of data
acid rain	Rain, snow, hail and fog which is acidic, as a result of pollution
sublimation	the transition of water directly from the solid state to the gaseous state, without passing through the liquid state; or vice versa
fermented dry	the sugars in the must have (virtually) all been converted into alcohol
in-situ conservation	Literally means "on-site conservation"
transport capacity	the capacity of a river to carry sediment in suspension or to move sediment along the riverbed.
human geography	Field of knowledge that studies human-made features and phenomena on the Earth from a spatial perspective
perception	The way that people ‘see’ and interpret information
water-use efficiency	Carbon gain in photosynthesis per unit water lost in evapotranspiration
polar easterlies	Winds that originate at the polar highs and blow to the subpolar lows in a east to west direction.
cryosphere	The component of the climate system consisting of all snow, ice and frozen ground (including permafrost) on and beneath the surface of the Earth and ocean.
silt	Mineral particle with a size between 0.004 and 0.06 millimeters in diameter
key habitats	flow-sensitive habitats as well as habitats that support key species.
oechsle	German unit scale for must weight (°Oe)
transportation demand management	TDM is the application of strategies and policies to reduce automobile travel demand, or to redistribute this demand in space or in time.
thermocline	The layer of maximum vertical temperature gradient in the ocean, lying between the surface ocean and the abyssal ocean
municipal discharge	discharge of effluent from treatment plants that receive wastewater from households, commercial establishments, and industries.
parasitism	Biological interaction between species where a parasite species feeds on a host species.
lead poisoning	damaging the body (specifically the brain) by absorbing lead through the skin or by swallowing.
macroclimate	climate of a specific climate zone
latitude	A measure of how far north or south a particular place is located on the Earth
coastal wetland	Wetland habitat found along a coastline and is covered with ocean salt water for all or part of the year
sustainability	the long-term capacity of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes and functions, biological diversity, and productivity.
specific humidity	Measurement of atmospheric humidity
migration	the movement of oil, gas, contaminants, water, or other liquids through porous and permeable rock.
stocking rate	The number of animals run on a unit of land
concentration	The relative amount of a substance mixed with another substance
hydrologic model	a computer model of a watershed used to evaluate how precipitation contributes to flow in streams
reserve	Austrian quality wine category
packaging	The assembly of one or more containers and any other components necessary to assure minimum compliance with a programme's storage and shipment packaging requirements
clathrate	A partly frozen slushy mix of methane gas and ice, usually found in sediments.
erosion	The removal of weathered sediment or rocks by the forces of wind, water, and ice.
blowout depression	Saucer shaped depressions created by wind erosion
metropolitan planning organization	A metropolitan planning organization is a transportation policy-making organization made up of representatives from local government and transportation authorities
isobar	Lines on a map joining points of equal atmospheric pressure.
angina	Chest pain, especially during physical exertion or emotional stress, that is caused by gradual blockage of the
exposure assessment	Identifying the ways in which chemicals may reach individuals (e.g., by breathing); estimating how much of a chemical an individual is likely to be exposed to; and estimating the number of individuals likely to be exposed.
geologic erosion	normal or natural erosion caused by geological processes acting over long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains, the building up of floodplains, coastal plains, etc.
wetlands	area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally; may also be covered partially or completely by shallow pools of water (e.g
grazier	A person who grazes livestock.
evapotranspiration	The combined process of evaporation from the Earth's surface and transpiration from vegetation.
radius of influence	the radial distance from the center of a wellbore to the point where there is no lowering of the water table or potentiometric surface; the edge of the cone of depression.
lithosphere	Is the solid inorganic portion of the Earth (composed of rocks, minerals, and elements)
fire regime	the way in which fire interacts in an environment.
volume	The occupation of space in three dimensions
flood tide	Time during the tidal period when the tide is rising
organisational functions	Basic management theory identifies six organisational functions which must be carried out by corresponding organisational systems for any institutional organisation to function effectively
hybridization	crossing of individuals from genetically different strains, populations or species.
light extinction	a measure of how much light is absorbed or scattered as it passes through a medium, such as the atmosphere
habitat type	the collective term for all land areas potentially capable of supporting the same climax, biotic community.
soil moisture	the water contained in the pore space of the unsaturated zone.
morphometry	The measurement of shape
primary producers	Organisms that use photosynthesis to produce their own food
solar day	Time required for the Earth to complete one rotation relative to the Sun.
corrugated paper	Paper or cardboard manufactured in a series of wrinkles or folds, or into alternating ridges and grooves.
circum-pacific belt	A zone circling the edge of the Pacific Ocean basin where tectonic subduction causes the formation of volcanoes and trenches
mixed layer	The upper region of the ocean, well mixed by interaction with the overlying atmosphere.
strategic planning for mswm	Planning process for the long-term, simultaneously meeting short-term needs, and flexible enough to react to changes that are anticipated to occur in the future
decomposition	The breaking down of organic material, such as fallen leaves, by microorganisms
contracting	An activity through which a competitive tender is awarded by municipality to a private firm to provide defined aspects of the overall MSWM service, for a fixed period
gewürztraminer	white wine variety in Austria
budget	a formal projection of spending and income for an upcoming period of time, traditionally submitted by the President or Executive for consideration and approval.
carbonate	Compound consisting of a single atom of carbon and three atoms of oxygen
shear stress	Stress caused by forces operating parallel to each other but in opposite directions.
climate system	The climate system is the highly complex system consisting of five major components: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surface and the biosphere, and the interactions between them
specific gravity	The ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an identical volume of water at a specific temperature.
quarry water	the moisture content of freshly quarried stone, esp
dry-bulb thermometer	Thermometer on a psychrometer used to determine current air temperature
lumber	wood or wood products used for construction.
receiving waters	a river, ocean, stream, or other watercourse into which wastewater or treated effluent is discharged.
foreshock	Small earth tremors that occur seconds to weeks before a significant earthquake event.
regenerative rest	Rest that allows land to recover from disturbance
inter-tropical convergence zone	The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is an equatorial zonal belt of low pressure near the equator where the northeast trade winds meet the southeast trade winds
mixing ratio	The ratio between the weight (mass) of water vapor (or some other gas) held in the atmosphere compared to the weight of the dry air in a given volume of air
mesoclimate	the climate of a country, federal state or region
recalcitrant	Recalcitrant organic material or recalcitrant carbon stocks resist decomposition.
positive feedback	A process that results in an amplification of the response of a system to an external influence
threatened species	Species that is still plentiful in its natural range but is likely to become endangered because of declining population numbers.
immiscibility	the inability of two or more substances or liquids to readily dissolve into one another, such as soil and water.
prior appropriation	a doctrine of water law that allocates the rights to use water on a first in time, first in right, basis.
residual chlorine	the available chlorine which remains in solution after the demand has been satisfied
feedlots	a plot of ground used to feed farm animals.
guild	a group of species or organisms that use the same environmental resources (habitat, food source, etc.) or life history strategy (such as reproduction) in the same way.
granitic magma	Felsic magma that generates mainly granitic rocks.
blauer wildbacher	Schilcher rosé wine
climograph	Two dimensional graph that plots a location's air temperature and precipitation on times scales that range from a 24 hour period to a year.
thermokarst	The process by which characteristic landforms result from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ground ice.
return flow	surface water that returns to the natural environment after diversion for beneficial uses, such as for irrigation.
zone of saturation	the space below the water table in which all the interstices (pore spaces) are filled with water
magma	Hot, melted rock under the Earth’s crust
chamber	as regards the U.S
sewerage	the entire system of sewage collection, treatment, and disposal.
degustation	wine tasting
lake superior basin	Atmospheric Deposition
residual saturation	saturation level below which fluid drainage will not occur.
sturm	partially fermented grape must, that may only produced using Austrian grapes
collection frequency	The number of MSW collections made from a specific location within a given time period.
biota	the plant (flora) and animal life (fauna) of a region or ecosystem.
salt water intrusion	the invasion of fresh surface or ground water by salt water
photosynthetic autotroph	An organism that produces food molecules inorganically by using light and the chemical process of photosynthesis
supercritical flow	flow characterized by high velocity and a Froude number greater than 1
mammal	an animal that feeds its young with milk secreted from mammary glands and has hair on its skin.
septic system	an on-site system designed to treat and dispose of domestic sewage
enzyme	proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions
goal	An end result you want or choose to work toward
hydrological power	Energy that is generated by dams, which use water to turn turbines and generate electricity.
silviculture prescription	an SP is an operational plan that details the management objectives, strategies and desired outcomes for a particular area of forest prior to harvesting.
subordinate municipal legislation	Defined as a legislation applicable and enforceable only within the legal borders of a municipality
ice shelf	A floating slab of ice of considerable thickness extending from the coast (usually of great horizontal extent with a level or gently sloping surface), often filling embayments in the coastline of the ice sheets
finite difference	a method of solving the governing equations of a numerical model by dividing the spatial domain into a mesh of nodes
stratigraphy	Subdiscipline of geology that studies sequence, spacing, composition, and spatial distribution of sedimentary deposits and rocks.
kinetic energy	energy possessed by a moving object or water body.
erratic	A large rock boulder that has been transported by glaciers away from its origin and deposited in a region of dissimilar rock.
macroorganism	a small creature that can be seen with the naked eye.
diversion	to remove water from a water body
stream channel	Long trough-like depression that is normally occupied by the water in a stream.
nitrogen	a plant nutrient that can cause an overabundance of bacteria and algae when high amounts are present, leading to a depletion of oxygen and fish kills
overland flow	a land application technique that cleanses wastewater by allowing it to flow over a sloped surface
speed of light	Velocity of light in a vacuum
seepage	See also "leachate".
solid	A state of matter where molecules where the mass of the substance does not have the property of flow.
wetting and drying	Physical weathering process where rocks are mechanically disintegrated by the accumulation of successive layers of water molecules in between the mineral grains of a rock
structure	Any man made construction, being either temporary or permanent
biolisticsm	In molecular biology, a method developed to inject DNA into cells by mixing the DNA with small metal particles and then firing the particles into the host cell at very high speed
riparian area	Land adjacent to running or standing water.
wave	A moving swell or ridge on the surface of a solid or liquid or within the medium of a gas
canyon	Steep-sided valley where depth is considerably greater than width
continental drift	Theory that suggests that the Earth's crust is composed of several continental plates that have the ability to move
purchasing power parity	The purchasing power of a currency is expressed using a basket of goods and services that can be bought with a given amount in the home country
phenotypic	relating to phenotype.
fruit texture	fruit taste
grape	single grape berry
environmental system	A system where life interacts with the various abiotic components found in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
bottle stink	wine fault
sea-level	The average surface elevation of the world's oceans.
toxicity	The extent, quality, or degree of being poisonous or harmful to humans or other living organisms.
client	A "person in control"of a property who commissions Asbestos Removal Work.
harsh	dominant
life zone	a broad class of vegetation and climatic condition based on temperature and precipitation
aerosol	a mixture of microscopic solid or liquid particles in a gaseous medium
reg	A rocky desert landscape
polyphenols	general term for aromatic compounds
detection and attribution	Detection of change in a system (natural or human) is the process of demonstrating that the system has changed in some defined statistical sense, without providing a reason for that change
hybrid vehicle	Any vehicle that employs two sources of propulsion, especially a vehicle that combines an internal combustion engine with an electric motor.
cytoplasm	All of the protoplasm in a cell except for what is contained in the nucleus.
phylum	A group or category used in the taxonomic and/or phylogenic classification of organisms
restoration	the care given to the deceased to recreate natural form and color
domesticated	species trained or adapted by humans, especially through generations of breeding
endangered species	any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
coccolithophores	Single-celled microscopic phytoplankton algae which construct shell-like structures from calcite (a form of calcium carbonate)
no-work zone	areas in which equipment and people are not allowed during forestry operations, usually for safety or ecological reasons.
legume	Angiosperm plant species that is a member of the Fabaceae (Pea or Bean) family
taxonomic classification	Classification of organisms based on structural and physiological connections between other species.
outwash	Glaciofluvial sediments deposited by meltwater streams at the edge of a glacier.
geohydrology	a term which denotes the branch of hydrology relating to subsurface or subterranean waters; that is, to all waters below the surface.
sea-floor spreading	The process of oceanic crust creation and sea-floor movement that occurs at the mid-oceanic ridge.
subsidence	sinking down of part of the earth's crust due to underground excavation, such as removal groundwater.
well monitoring	measurement by on-site instruments or laboratory methods of well water quality.
atmosphere	The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth
daylight savings time	The setting of time so it is one hour ahead starting in the spring and one hour back beginning in the fall in the Northern Hemisphere
decomposer	A type of detritivore
agonal coagulation/congealing	a process where the blood starts to change from a fluid state t a semisolid mass; or to solidify before death occurs
jar test	a laboratory procedure that simulates a water treatment plant's coagulation/flocculation units with differing chemical doses, mix speeds, and settling times to estimate the minimum or ideal coagulant dose required to achieve certain water quality goals.
dredge	a fishing method that utilizes a bag dragged behind a vessel that scrapes the ocean bottom, usually to catch shellfish
haze	an atmospheric condition marked by a slight reduction in atmospheric visibility, resulting from the formation of photochemical smog, radiation of heat from the ground surface on hot days, or the development of a thin mist.
yard trimmings	Leaves, grass clippings, yard residue, brush, and other organic garden debris.
verjuice	the unfermented juice from harvested, yet unripe grapes, is known as Verjuice (or green juice)
sludge digester	tank in which complex organic substances like sewage sludge are biologically dredged
primary producer	an autotroph that obtains energy directly from the nonliving environment through photosynthesis or less commonly through chemosynthesis.
microclimate	Local climate at or near the Earth's surface
tornado	A vortex of rapidly moving air associated with some severe thunderstorms
organ	Group of cells and tissues that have a particular function for an organism.
perfected water right	a water right which indicates that the uses anticipated by an applicant, and made under permit, were made for beneficial use
activated sludge	The product that results when primary municipal wastewater (sewage) effluent is mixed with bacteria-laden sludge and then agitated and aerated to promote biological treatment, speeding the breakdown of organic matter in raw municipal wastewater undergoing secondary wastewater treatment.
bayhead beach	An extensive deposit of sand and/or gravel in the form of a beach at the back of a bay.
deposition	the laying down of material by erosion or transport by water or air.
stream flow	The flow of water in a river or stream channel.
neutral solution	Any water solution that is neutral (pH approximately 7) or has an equal quantity of hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-)
tropical storm	An organized group of thunderstorms often found over a tropical ocean that generates a cyclonic flow of between 64 and 118 kilometers per hour
magnetic field	The space influence by magnetic force
omnibus spending bill	a bill combining the appropriations for several federal agencies.
haze	slight cloudiness in the wine
isostatic rebound	The upward movement of the Earth's crust following isostatic depression.
porosity	The volume of pores divided by the total volume.
vitis vinifera	the common grape vine is the most important vine sub-species
trickle irrigation	method in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes or emitters.
silurian	Geologic period that occurred roughly 408 to 438 million years ago
negative feedback	Feedback that tends to stabilize a process by reducing it when its effects become too great
methane	A colourless, non-poisonous, flammable gas (CH4) created by anaerobic decomposition of organic compounds
transportation	any means of conveying goods and people.
tax shift	replacing one kind of taxes with another, without changing the total amount of money collected
ocean acidification	Increased concentrations of CO2in sea water causing a measurable increase in acidity (i.e., a reduction in ocean pH)
bed stability	occurs when the average elevation of the streambed does not change significantly over time
fission	the process whereby the nucleus of a particular heavy element splits into (generally) two nuclei of lighter elements, with the release of substantial amounts of energy.
natural selection	Environment's influence on the reproductive success of individuals in a population
palsa	A mound of peat that develops as the result of the formation of a number ice lenses beneath the ground surface
precipitator	Pollution control device that collects particles from an air stream.
colloids	finely divided solids which will not settle but which may be removed by coagulation or biochemical action.
effluent limitation	restrictions established by a a regulating agency such as a State or the EPA in an NPDES permit on quantities, rates, and concentrations in wastewater discharges.
deposit	something dropped or left behind by moving water, as sand or mud.
habitat	The place where an animal naturally lives.
allergen	A substance, such as pollen, mold, and dust mites, that causes allergies.
assemblage	an organism group of interacting species in a given ecosystem, for example, a fish assemblage or a benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage.
frost wedging	A process of physical weathering in which water freezes in a crack and exerts force on the rock causing further rupture.
cement grout	a mixture of water and cement in the ratio of not more than 5-6 gallons of water to a 94 pound sack of portland cement which is fluid enough to be pumped through a small diameter pipe.
habitat	The type of ecosystem in which a particular kind of plant, animal or microorganism normally lives.
stalk	part of the grape
headgate	the gate that controls water flow into irrigation canals and ditches
photodissociation	The splitting of a molecule by photon normally from the Sun.
continental shelves	The nearly horizontal platforms of thick sediment encircling the continents where the sea is relatively shallow compared with the open ocean.
forests	lands on which trees are the principal plant life, usually conducive to wide biodiversity.
hospital transfers	A patient discharged from one facility and readmitted to a second facility on the same day.
rock	A compact and consolidated mass of mineral matter
oxidation	reaction of must and wine compounds with oxygen
infiltration	the penetration of water through the ground surface into sub-surface soil or the penetration of water from the soil into sewer or other pipes through defective joints, connections, or manhole walls.
draft	the act of drawing or removing water from a tank, reservoir or groundwater supply.
matter	Is the material (atoms and molecules) that constructs things on the Earth and in the Universe.
threshold velocity	Velocity required to cause entrainment in the erosional agents of wind, water or ice
littoral zone	The zone along a coastline that is between the high and low-water spring tide marks.
hrm	Holistic Resource Management, the old name for Holistic Management.
immature litter	Plant material on the soil surface which is clearly distinguishable from the soil
subatomic particles	Extremely small particles that make up the internal structure of atoms.
endemic	Restricted or peculiar to a locality or region
latent heat of condensation	The amount of heat energy release to the environment when a gas changes its state to a liquid
biological weathering	The disintegration of rock and mineral due to the chemical and/or physical agents of an organism.
competent person	A person who is deemed capable of supervising the safe performance of the specified work
evaporative cooling	The cooling that occurs when heat from the air or compost pile material is used to evaporate water.
chlorine	a highly reactive halogen element, used most often in the form of a pungent gas to disinfect drinking water.
seral stages	any stage of development of an ecosystem from a disturbed, unvegetated state to a climax plant community.
biodiesel	A type of biofuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils; animal fats; or recycled grease
weather	Describes the short-term (i.e., hourly and daily) state of the atmosphere
potential evapotranspiration	Is a measure of the ability of the atmosphere to remove water from the surface through the processes of evaporation and transpiration assuming no limitation on water supply.
ph	numeric value that describes the intensity of the acid or basic (alkaline) conditions of a solution
salinity	Concentration of dissolved salts found in a sample of water
enrolled bill	the final, certified bill sent to the President; House and Senate versions of a bill must match exactly in order to be enrolled.
langley	Unit of the intensity of radiation measured per minute and equal to one calorie.
identified wildlife	those species at risk that the Deputy Minister, Water, Land & Air Protection (WLAP) or a person authorized by that deputy minister and the chief forester agree will be managed through a higher level plan, wildlife habitat area or general wildlife measure
salinization	Pedogenic process that concentrates salts at or near the soil surface because evapotranspiration greatly exceeds water inputs from precipitation.
reinsurance	The transfer of a portion of primary insurance risks to a secondary tier of insurers (reinsurers); essentially 'insurance for insurers'.
sapling	a tree 1 to 4.9 inches DBH.
cavitation	Process of intense erosion due to the surface collapse of air bubbles found in constricted rapid flows of water
exposure	The amount of radiation or pollutant present in a given environment that represents a potential health threat to living organisms
earth albedo	Is the reflectivity of the Earth's atmosphere and surface combined
ecological economics	Cross-cutting discipline aiming to understand the interrelations between people and their environment, for indicators of sustainability, and for ways of bringing individual human behavior into conformity with collective human goals
ice saints	Patron Saints for Weather
wind ripples	Wind ripples are miniature sand dunes between 5 centimeters and 2 meters in length and 0.1 to 5 centimeters in height
coastal dune	Sand dune that forms in coastal areas
unstable equilibrium	In an unstable equilibrium the system returns to a new equilibrium after disturbance.
non-linearity	A process is called ‘non-linear’ when there is no simple proportional relation between cause and effect
indicator tests	tests for a specific contaminant, group of contaminants, or constituent which signals the presence of something else (ex., coliforms indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria).
tributary	A smaller branching stream channel that flows into a main stream channel
base	Any large group of chemicals with a pH greater than 7
invasive species	A species aggressively expanding its range and population density into a region in which it is not native, often through out-competing or otherwise dominating native species.
pollinator	insect or animal that fertilizes a flower.
earth rotation	Refers to the spinning of the Earth on its polar axis.
incentive for biodiversity conservation	A specific inducement designed and implemented to influence government bodies, business, non-governmental organizations, or local people to conserve biological diversity or to use its components in a sustainable manner
nitrogen fixation	conversion of nitrogen into nitrogen compounds (ex
point bar	Stream bar deposit that is normally located on the inside of a channel bend.
leithaberg / neusiedlersee-hügelland	wine-growing region
cavern	a large underground opening in rock (usually limestone) which occurred when some of the rock was dissolved by water
random	Process or event that occurs by chance.
ice	Frozen form of the water molecule
hypostasis	the gravitation of blood into all dependent parts of the body
balthasar	term for a 12 litre wine bottle
snowfield	An area of permanent snow accumulation
surface heat flux	Process where heat energy is transferred into land and ocean surfaces on the Earth
snow	A type of solid precipitation that forms in clouds with an air temperature below freezing
renewable resource	a natural resource is a renewable resource if it is replaced by natural processes and if replenished with the passage of time; parts of our natural environment and form our eco-system; any natural resource that can replenish itself naturally over time
grape	the fruit of a vine
sludge	solid matter that settles to the bottom of sedimentation tanks in a sewage treatment plant and must be disposed of by digestion or other methods or recycled to the land.
cancer	Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases that occur when a cell, or group of cells, grows in an unchecked, uncontrolled, or unregulated manner
species mortality	the direct killing of individual orgasms.
straddling stocks	fish populations that straddle a boundary between domestic and international waters.
haze index	A measure of visibility derived from calculated light extinction measurements that is designed so that uniform changes in the haze index correspond to uniform incremental changes in visual perception, across the entire range of conditions from pristine to highly impaired
capillary water	Water that moves horizontally and vertically in soils by the process of capillary action
stand density index	a relative measure of competition in a forest stand based on number of trees per unit area and average tree size.
over-grazing	grazing livestock to the point of damage to the land.
algal bloom	A reproductive explosion of algae in a lake, river or ocean
overbank flow	Movement of flood waters outside a stream channel during period of high discharge.
troposphere	stratosphere, mesosphere and the thermosphere.
morbidity	The occurrence of a disease or condition that alters health and quality of life; often measured as incidence or prevalence.
fermentation	Oxidation of certain organic substances in the absence of molecular oxygen.
participation rate	A measure of the number of people participating in a recycling programme compared to the total number that could be participating.
adaptation	Strategies, policies and measures designed to reduce the current and future impacts of global environmental changes.
storet	a national U.S
keystone species	A species that has a central servicing role affecting many other organisms and whose demise is likely to result in the loss of a number of species and lead to major changes in ecosystem function.
microbe	See microorganism
population pressure	Stress due to scarcity of food or other resources when a population is close to, or greater than, carrying capacity.
detection limit	the lowest level that can be determined by a specific analytical procedure or test method.
upwelling region	A region of an ocean where cold, typically nutrient-rich watersfrom the bottom of the ocean surface.
frost	a covering of minute ice crystals on a cold surface.
brandy-like	high in alcohol
water-use efficiency	Carbon gain in photosynthesisls per unit water lost in evapotranspiration
wettable powder	dry formulation that must be mixed with water or other liquid before it is applied.
fen	a type of wetland that accumulates peat deposits, but not as much as a bog
exogenic	Refers to a system that is external to the Earth.
anaphylaxis	A severe allergic reaction in which
thermal low	Area of low pressure in the atmosphere caused by the area having cooler temperatures relative to the air around it.
babo	Founder of the Austrian viticultural school
groundwater	water below the earth's surface; the source of water for wells and springs.
anaerobic	a life or process that occurs in, or is not destroyed by, the absence of oxygen.
false origin	Location of the starting coordinates picked to the south and west of the true origin of a rectangular coordinate system
dewater	remove or separate a portion of the water in a sludge or slurry to dry the sludge so it can be handled and disposed; remove or drain the water from a tank, trench, or aquifer.
extrusive igneous rock	Igneous rock that forms on the surface of the Earth
primary disinfection	disinfection measures exercised before the embalming process
sea arch	A coastal landform composed of rock that resembles an arch
chp	See Combined Heat and Power.
contraceptive	preventing conception and pregnancy.
appendicular skeleton	The bones of the appendages (wings, legs, and arms or fins) and of the pelvic and pectoral girdles that join the appendages to the rest of the skeleton; one of the two components of the skeleton of vertebrates.
polar cell	Three-dimensional atmospheric circulation cell located at roughly 60 to 90° North and South of the equator
littoral zone	A coastal region; the zone between high and low watermarks.
dyne	A unit of force that creates an acceleration on a mass of 1 gram equal to 1 centimeter per second
thalweg	the line of maximum depth in a stream
carbon monoxide	A highly poisonous gas produced when fuel is burnt
hydraulic roughness	an estimate of the resistance to flow due to energy loss caused by friction between the channel and the water
terrace	An elevated surface above the existing level of a floodplain or shore that is created by stream or ocean wave erosion.
strip mining	mining technique in which the land and vegetation covering the mineral being sought are stripped away by huge machines, usually damaging the land severely and limiting subsequent uses.
firn	Névé on a glacier that survives the year's ablation season
micron	Also referred to as a micrometer, a micron is a metric unit of measure equal to one millionth of a meter
psychrometer	Instrument used to measure atmospheric humidity
precipitate	Solidification of a previously dissolved substance from a solution.
pinot blanc	a Pinot variety
dendritic	Term used to describe the stream channel pattern that is completely random
unsaturated zone	the area above the water table where soil pores are not fully saturated, although some water may be present.
periglacial	Landforms created by processes associated with intense freeze-thaw action in an area high latitude areas or near an alpine or continental glacier.
sea wall	A human-made wall or embankment along a shore to prevent wave erosion.
shore	The land area bordering a relatively large water body like a lake or ocean.
cullet	Clean, generally colour-sorted, crushed glass used to make new glass products
cross-connection	any actual or potential connection between a drinking water system and an unapproved water supply or other source of contamination.
lightning	Visible discharge of electricity created by thunderstorms.
carbon	The chlorine and bromine containing halocarbons are also involved in the depletion of the ozone layer.
respiratory system	The organs in our body involved with the process of breathing.
energy conservation	using energy efficiently or prudently; saving energy.
sugar	Type of carbohydrate chemically based on carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
sediment rating curve	Numerical expression or graphical curve that describes the quantitative relationship between stream discharge and the sediment transported by a particular stream.
marble	Metamorphic rock created by the recrystallization of calcite and/or dolomite.
lateral shoot	side shoot
sand sheet	Deposit of sometimes stratified less well sorted sand that almost resemble dunes
ground ice	All types of ice contained in freezing and seasonally frozen ground and permafrost.
symbiotic	Mutual relationship between two organisms which is necessary for either to survive.
alcohol-free wine	wine with the alcohol removed
organic viticulture	certified organic viticulture
chezy's equation	the empirical equation used to estimate the hydraulic conditions of flow within a channel cross section
geographical coordinate system	System that uses the measures of latitude and longitude to locate points on the spherical surface of the Earth.
nitric acid	Acid with the chemical formula: HNO3.
partial rest	Takes place when grazing or browsing herbivores are on the land, but without predators to excite them and keep them bunched
agonal algor	the decrease in the recorded temperature of the body during the agonal state
phase change	Reorganization of a substance at the atomic or molecular level resulting in a change of the physical state of matter
summer	Season between spring and fall
drumlin	A hill shaped deposit of till
glacier	A large long lasting accumulation of snow and ice that develops on land
trolling	a method of fishing using several lines, each hooked and baited, which are slowly dragged behind the vessel.
fugitive emissions	Emissions not caught by a capture system.
north pole	Surface location defined by the intersection of the polar axis with Earth's surface in the Northern Hemisphere
carbon monoxide	A colorless, odorless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels
venous	Type of testing for blood lead that involves the drawing of blood from a vein rather than a capillary.
second-growth forest	Stand of forest that is the result of secondary succession.
energy intensity	The ratio of energy use to economic output
swash	A thin sheet of water that moves up the beach face after a wave of water breaks on the shore.
slip-face	The lee side of a dune where material accumulates and slides or rolls downslope.
downwelling current	Ocean current that travels downward into the ocean because of the convergence of opposing horizontal currents or because of an accumulation of seawater.
hazard	Phenomenon which can cause loss of life, injury, disease, economic loss, or environmental damage.
carbon sequestration	The process of removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere by storing it in a carbon reservoir other than the atmosphere
to fortify	addition of alcohol
solar year	The time it takes the Earth to make one orbit around the Sun
unloading	The releasing of downward pressure on rocks because of removal of overlying material by erosion
toxaphene	chemical that causes adverse health effects in domestic water supplies and is toxic to fresh water and marine aquatic life.
radiation fog	A type of fog that is also called ground fog
urban area	Geographic area with a high density of people over a limited area
gas chromatograph	an instrument that identifies the molecular composition and concentrations of various chemicals in water and soil samples.
groyne	A low, narrow jetty, usually extending roughly perpendicular to the shoreline, designed to protect the shore from erosion by currents, tides or waves, by trapping sand for the purpose of replenishing or making a beach.
ph value	the measurement for the acidity (or hardness) of wine
grasslands	farmland occupied chiefly by forage plants (especially grasses); a land on which the natural dominant plant forms are grasses and forbs
oxidize	To combine chemically with oxygen.
carnivore	a species that primarily eats protein
surface irrigation	application of water by means other than spraying such that contact between the edible portion of any food crop and the irrigation water is prevented.
eutrophic lake	Lake that has an excessive supply of nutrients, mostly in the form of nitrates and phosphates
aerobic	Living systems or processes that require, or are not destroyed by, the presence of oxygen
pronounced bouquet	intensive, pronounced aromas
sämling 88	a new variety created by the German botanist Georg Scheu in 1916
siltstone	Fine grained sedimentary rock composed of lithified silt particles.
logarithmic scale	Measurement scale based on logarithms
mudstone	Fine grained sedimentary rock composed of lithified silt and clay particles.
weather	day to day variation in atmospheric conditions
till	Heterogeneous sediment deposited directly by a glacier
paleoclimatology	Scientific study of the Earth's climate during the past.
estuarine waters	deepwater tidal habitats and tidal wetlands that are usually enclosed by land but have access to the ocean and are at least occasionally diluted by freshwater runoff from the land (such as bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes, lagoons).
basic	Substance having a pH greater than 7.
policies	In UNFCCC parlance, policies are taken and/or mandated by a government - often in conjunction with business and industry within its own country, or with other countries - to accelerate mitigation and adaptation measures
catastrophic	a property of non-linear dynamic systems (such as biotic communities) in which what appears to be a small disturbance (introduction of an exotic species) initiates large changes and establishes a new set of stable conditions (see Jameson 1994).
marine	With reference to ocean environments and processes.
transect	A sample area, usually in the form of a long, continuous strip
atomic number	The number of
acid deposition	Acidic materials that falls from the atmoshpere to the Earth in either wet (rain, sleet, snow, fog) or dry (gases, particles) forms
nutrient cycling	See MATERIAL CYCLING.
hardwood bottomland	hardwood forested lowlands adjacent to some rivers, especially valuable for wildlife breeding, nesting, and habitat.
subsidy	Direct payment from the government or a tax reduction to a private party for implementing a practice the government wishes to encourage
region	A term used in geography that describes an area of the Earth where some natural or human-made phenomena display similar traits.
aldehyd	resembles the smell of Sherry
ground moraine	A thick layer of till deposited by a melting glacier.
control system	A system that is intelligently controlled by the activities of humans
artesian zone	a zone where water is confined in an aquifer under pressure so that the water will rise in the well casing or drilled hole above the bottom of the confining layer overlying the aquifer.
route of exposure	The avenue by which a chemical comes into contact with an organism (such as a person)
wet-bulb thermometer	Thermometer on a psychrometer that has a moisten wick on its reservoir bulb
declination	Location (latitude) on the Earth where the Sun on a particular day is directly overhead (90° from horizon) at solar noon
catchment	The land area that catches water that goes into a stream, river, or lake
detritivore	Heterotrophic organism that feeds on detritus
national municipal plan	a U.S
allocation	Under an emissions trading scheme, permits to emit can initially either be given away for free, usually under a ‘grandfathering' approach based on past emissions in a base year or an ‘updating' approach based on the more recent emissions
cohesion	a molecular attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass whether like or unlike
germination	The beginning of vegetative growth of a plant from a seed.
recycle	to treat or process used or waste materials so as to make suitable for reuse: recycling paper to save trees.
sample	A sample is a subset group of data selected from a larger population group
ocean currents	Regular movement of ocean water from one region of the ocean to another; for example, the North Pacific Gyre.
asbestosis	An asbestos related disease, a build up of scar tissue in the lungs.
benthic	the bottom substrate of an aquatic environment.
national response center	The 24-hour a day federal operations center receives notifications of all releases of oil and hazardous substances into the environment
disinfectant	A chemical (commonly chlorine, chloramine, or ozone) or physical process (e.g., ultraviolet light) that inactivates microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.
gravitational water	Water that moves through soil due to gravitational forces
waster to energy	Refers to the burning of waste for energy.
paper mills	mills (factories) that produce paper from wood pulp.
hantavirus	A virus in the family Bunyaviridae that causes a type of haemorrhagic fever
wagram	wine-growing region
biogeochemical cycle	the pathway through which a chemical, element, or molecule moves through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.
generalist species	Species that can survive and tolerate a broad range of environmental conditions.
dwarf mistletoes	plants of the genus Arceuthobium (Viscaceae)
reach	in general, a length of stream with relatively homogenous characteristics.
authorization act	Substantive language that establishes or continues Federal programs or agencies and establishes an upper limit on the amount of funds for the program(s).
discount rate	The degree to which consumption now is preferred to consumption one year hence, with prices held constant, but average incomes rising in line with GDP per capita.
nutrient-holding capacity	The ability to absorband retain nutrients so they will be available to the roots of plants.
flowering of the vine	start of fertilisation
establishment	Subsequent growth and/or reproduction of a colonized species in a new territory.
pluton	Any mass of intrusive igneous rock.
groundwater reservoir	an aquifer or aquifer system in which ground water is stored
ph paper	Paper that changes color to show the pH of a substance.
privacy	Health information privacy broadly refers to individuals’ rights to control the acquisition, use, or disclosure of their identifiable health data.
orographic precipitation	Is precipitation that forms when air is forced to rise because of the physical presence of elevated land
auricle	The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body returned to the heart by the
troposphere	the layer of atmosphere closest to the Earth, extending seven to ten miles above the surface, containing most of the clouds and moisture.
harpooning	a surface method of fishing that requires considerable effort in locating and chasing individual fish
faulty	unclean
remediation	methods used to remove or contain a toxic spill or hazardous materials from a Superfund site; a generic term used to describe cleanup activities.
drainage divide	Topographic border between adjacent drainage basins or watersheds.
surface impoundment	an indented area in the land's surface, such a pit, pond, or lagoon.
human health ranking	How a chemical's adverse health effects on humans compare with the same effects from other chemicals, in a ranking system.
open sea	That part of the ocean that extends from the continental shelf
bouvier	white wine variety in Austria
clayoquot sound	one of the last remaining unlogged watersheds on the west coast of Canada's Vancouver Island.
net biome production	Net biome production is the net ecosystem production (NEP) minus carbon losses resulting from disturbances such as fire or insect defoliation.
profundal zone	a lake's deep-water region that is not penetrated by sunlight.
graminoid	a grass or grass-like plant.
likelihood	The likelihood of an occurrence, an outcome or a result, where this can be estimated probabilistically, is expressed in this Report using a standard terminology, defined in the Introduction
taxon	A classification category for a group of organisms.
brittleness-productivity scale	A new measure of brittleness that also distinguishes environments with different levels of biological productivity
preservative	a chemical added to a water sample to keep it stable and prevent compounds in it from changing to other forms or to prevent microorganism densities from changing prior to analysis.
shortwave radiation	Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 and 0.7 micrometers (µm)
trophic composition	that portion of an Index of Biotic Integrity that is a metric measuring the proportion of species and proportions of omnivores, insectivores, and omnivores.
coral	The term ‘coral’ has several meanings, but is usually the common name for the Order Scleractinia, all members of which have hard limestone skeletons, and which are divided into reef-building and non-reef-building, or cold- and warm-water corals.
illuviation	Deposition of humus, chemical substances, and fine mineral particles in the lower layers of a soil from upper layers because of the downward movement of water through the soil profile
redundancy	Duplication or overlap of function that exceeds what is necessary.
plane of the ecliptic	Hypothetical two-dimensional surface in which the Earth's orbit around the Sun occurs.
fertility rates	average number of live births per woman during her reproductive years, among a given set of people.
chloroplast	Organelle in a cell that contains chlorophyll and produces organic energy through photosynthesis.
hypolimnion	bottom layer of cold water in a lake
species	in most living organisms, each species represents a complete, self-generating, unique ensemble of genetic variation, capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
solar noon	Point of time during the day when the Sun is aligned with True North and True South.
kelp beds	significant aggregations of a large, fast growing marine algae throughout the water column.
control level	The airborne concentration of asbestos fibres which, if exceeded, indicates a need to implement a control, action or other requirement
landsat	Series of satellites launched by NASA for the purpose of remotely monitoring resources on the Earth
fetch	The distance of open water in one direction across a body of water over which wind can blow.
developmental toxicity	Adverse effects on the developing child which result from exposure to toxic chemicals or other toxic substances
unclassified waters	those waters for which no classification has been assigned and which have not been identified in Appendix A of 31 Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 307.10 of Title 31 (relating to definitions).
optimum	The level of an abiotic factor or condition in the environment within the tolerance range at which a species or population can function most efficiently or with the greatest positive effect to its physiological or reproductive fitness.
liquefaction	Temporary transformation of a soil mass of soil or sediment into a fluid mass
mesozoic	Geologic era that occurred from 245 to 65 million years ago.
brittleness scale	Allan Savory's original measure of brittleness:
mantle	Layer of the Earth's interior composed of mostly solid rock that extends from the base of crust to a depth of about 2,900 kilometers.
calendar	in the legislative sense, a group of bills or proposals to be discussed or considered in a legislative committee or on the floor of the House or Senate.
succulent	Succulent plants, e.g., cactuses, possessing organs that store water, thus facilitating survival during drought conditions.
double hulled tankers	large transport ships with two hulls with space between them, protecting the cargo (in most cases, oil) from spilling in case of a collision.
organic compounds	Compounds that contain carbon.
biodiversity	Biological diversity in an environment as indicated by:
volatilization	The process where a solid or liquid substance is converted into a gas.
budget resolution	the first step in the annual budget process
kalema	a violent surf that occurs on the coast of the Guinea region, West Africa.
non-clastic sedimentary rock	Sedimentary rocks that are created either from chemical precipitation and crystallization, or by the lithification once living organic matter.
recharge	refers to water entering an underground aquifer through faults, fractures, or direct absorption.
physical geography	Field of knowledge that studies natural features and phenomena on the Earth from a spatial perspective
nutrients	Minerals and organic compounds that provide substance for organisms.
breed	a grouping of animals of the same species having a common ancestor and the same set of characteristics
finesse	elegance
enviroflash	EnviroFlash is an e-mail and pager notification system that provides subscribers with instant air quality information that can be customized for individual needs
threatened species	a species likely, in the near future, to become an endangered species within all or much of its range
extinct	no longer living.
overgrazing	Grazing a plant again before it has a chance to fully recover
streamflow	Water flow within a river channel, for example, expressed in m3/s
slaking	See wetting and drying.
cancer potency estimate	An estimate of a chemical's likelihood to cause cancer, generally derived from animal studies and extrapolated to humans.
reference dose	An estimate of the daily ingestion dose, expressed in terms of amount per unit of body weight, that can be taken daily over a lifetime without appreciable risk.
habitat indicator	a physical attribute of the environment measured to characterize conditions necessary to support an organism, population, or community in the absence of pollutants
kosher wine	a wine produced according to Judaism
bedrock	Rock at or near (beneath soil and regolith) the Earth's surface that is solid and relatively unweathered.
projection	The potential evolution of a quality or set of quantities, often computed with the aid of a model
senator	A member of the U.S
pedestal erosion	Erosion that removes soil between plants, leaving them sitting on pedestals held in place by their roots
coral reefs	Rock-like limestone (calcium carbonate) structures built by corals along ocean coasts (fringing reefs) or on top of shallow, submerged banks or shelves (barrier reefs, atolls), most conspicuous in tropical and sub-tropical oceans.
enzyme	Are types of proteins that are used to facilitate and regulate chemical reactions within cells.
fresh kills	New York City's only operating landfill, located in Staten Island
ria coast	An extensively carved out coast with conspicuous headlands and deep re-entrants.
sterilisation	The destruction of all living organisms in water, on the surface of various materials or MSW
ingestion	Swallowing (such as eating or drinking)
ash	Inorganic, particulate residue of combustion
edge wave	A wave of water that moves parallel to the shore
jetty	a structure (as a pier or mole of wood or stone) extending into a sea, lake, or river to influence the current or tide or to protect a harbor.
succession	Directional cumulative change in the types plant species that occupy a given area, through time.
light extinction budget	the percent of total atmospheric extinction attributed to each aerosol and gaseous component of the atmosphere.
surface runoff	The water that travels over the land surface to the nearest surface stream; runoff of a drainage basin that has not passed beneath the surface since precipitation.
ph	pH is a dimensionless measure of the acidity of water (or any solution) given by its concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
microhabitat	zones of similar physical characteristics within a mesohabitat unit, differentiated by aspects such as substrate type, water velocity, and water depth.
patterned ground	Term used to describe a number of surface features found in periglacial environments
valley	A linear depression in the landscape that slopes down to a stream, lake or the ocean
compliance	The act of meeting all state and federal regulations.
ozone	a naturally occurring, highly reactive gas comprising triatomic oxygen formed by recombination of oxygen in the presence of ultraviolet radiation
climax community	The final stage of ecological succession.
bioaccumulation	Acid Deposition
environmental audit	An independent assessment of the current status of a party's compliance with applicable environmental requirements or of a party's environmental compliance policies, practices and controls.
longshore current	A water current that moves parallel to the shoreline.
steirischer junker	wine brand in the Steiermark
geographic isolation	See spatial isolation.
burgenland	generic wine-growing region
landslide	A mass of material that has slipped downhill by gravity, often assisted by water when the material is saturated; the rapid movement of a mass of soil, rock or debris down a slope.
stability	The capability of a system to tolerate or recover from disturbance or an environmental stress.
throughfall	Describes the process of precipitation passing through the plant canopy
bottled water	purchased water sold in bottles.
coliform bacteria	non-pathogenic microorganisms used in testing water to indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria.
nimby	“Not in my back yard.” An acronym employed to describe the position of those opposed to some type of development, such as solid waste sites.
species richness	the number of species within a specified area.
food web	A model describing the organisms found in a food chain
primary consumer	Organisms that occupy the second trophic level in the grazing food chain
biogeochemistry	effect of biota on global chemistry, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space.
viscosity	the liquidity and viscosity of wine
seepage	percolation of water through the soil from unlined canals, ditches, laterals, watercourses, or water storage facilities.
urbanisation	The conversion of land from a natural state or managed natural state (such as agriculture) to cities; a process driven by net rural-to-urban migration through which an increasing percentage of the population in any nation or region come to live in settlements that are defined as ‘urban centres’.
powdery mildew	fungal disease
fragmentation	a process by which large, contiguous blocks of habitat are broken into smaller patches isolated from each other by a landscape matrix dissimilar to the original habitat.
ntu	nephlometric turbidity units.
black body	Is a body that emits electromagnetic radiation, at any temperature, at the maximum possible rate per unit surface area
sustained yield	the perpetual output of a renewable resource, achieved and maintained at a given management intensity, without impairment of the productivity of the land.
brine	highly salty and heavily mineralized water containing heavy metal and organic contaminants.
immunological	The body’s immune system and its defense against infection and certain other diseases.
sulphur	chemical element
percolation	Passage of water down through soil.
ecosystem state	Particular physical conditions, chemical concentrations, and numbers of each kind of plant, animal and microorganism that characterize an ecosystem at a particular place and time.
absorption	the process by which incident light is removed from the atmosphere and retained by a particle.
rossby wave	See long wave.
realized niche	Describes the part of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies.
sole source aquifer	An aquifer that supplies 50 percent or more of the drinking water of an area.
ecosystem diversity	The variety of unique biological communities found on the Earth
woods hole	a town on Cape Cod where several important ocean research institutes are located.
noel	No observed effect level (NOEL) is the highest dose in a given toxicity test at which there were no effects observed.
endemic	found only in a specified geographic region.
divergent evolution	Creation of two or more unique species from one ancestral species through the differential evolution of isolated populations.
hydrographic events	Events that alter the state or current of waters in oceans, rivers or lakes.
alkaline	pH above 7 on a scale of O to 14; containing bases (hydroxides, carbonates) that neutralize acids to form salts.
respiratory illness	Diseases effecting the organs we use to breathe
meteoric water	groundwater which originates in the atmosphere and reaches the zone of saturation by infiltration and percolation.
high vine training system	type of vine trellis or training system
paleozoic	Geologic era that occurred from 570 to 245 million years ago.
mercator projection	Map projection system that presents true compass direction
observed diagnoses	The number of individuals diagnosed with a disease in a given geographic area and time period.
tools	Everything that gives humans the ability -- which most organisms lack -- to alter the ecosystem in order to achieve predetermined goals
hybrids	crossing of two inter-specific hybrid vine varieties
blauburgunder	member of the Pinot varieties
perihelion	It is the point in the Earth's orbit when it is closest to the Sun (147.5 million km)
timber	logged wood sold as a commodity.
compaction	Compressing wastes to reduce their volume
water table	Top surface of groundwater.
monocline	A fold in layered rock that creates a slight bend.
rhumb line	A line of constant compass direction or bearing which crosses the meridians at the same angle
usda	United States Department of Agriculture.
statistical significance	The likelihood that the difference found between groups was not due to chance alone
anthropogenic	Resulting from or produced by human beings.
legume	Plants such as peas and beans with pods that split along both sides
allopathy	an interaction between plant species in which one species inhibits the establishment or growth on the second species through production of a selectively inhibitory chemical agent.
tropic of cancer	Latitude of 23.5° North
sling psychrometer	Psychrometer that uses a rotating handle and a whirling motion to ventilate its wet-bulb thermometer.
phytoplankton	free-floating, mostly microscopic aquatic plants.
trip reduction	reducing the total numbers of vehicle trips, by sharing rides or consolidating trips with diverse goals into fewer trips.
income elasticity	This is the ratio of the percentage change in quantity of demand for a good or service to a one percentage change in income
aerobic composting	Decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen
enterprise facilitation	Ernesto Sirolli's innovative method for transforming people's passion, skill, and motivation into viable local businesses.
phenology	The study of natural phenomena that recur periodically (e.g., development stages, migration) and their relation to climate and seasonal changes.
keystone species	Species that interacts with a large number of other species in a community
run-off	precipitation that the ground does not absorb and that ultimately reaches rivers, lakes or oceans.
nonviolent communication	Marshall Rosenberg's method of effective communication, which empowers the compassionate side of human nature.
bacteria	Simple single celled prokaryotic organisms
downscaling	A method that derives local- to regional-scale (10 to 100 km ) information from larger-scale models or data analyses.
enteric fermentation	The natural digestive process in ruminant animals (e.g
nonthreshold pollutant	substance or condition harmful to a particular organism at any level or concentration.
retrofitting	installing modern pollution control devices at facilities without making major changes to the facility's design.
bioenergy	Energy derived from biomass.
eutrophication	a process where water bodies receive excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, that stimulate excessive plant growth.
catalytic converters	A filter fitted to car exhausts to help remove pollution.
terminal fall velocity	Velocity at which a particle being transported by wind or water falls out of the moving medium
physiographic	Of, relating to, or employing a description of nature or natural phenomena.
rvd	recreation visitor day
exceedance	An event (characterised by duration and degree of exceedance) where the concentration of a pollutant is greater than, or equal to, the appropriate air quality standard.
third law of thermodynamics	This law states if all the thermal motion of molecules (kinetic energy) could be removed, a state called absolute zero would result and all energy would be randomly distributed.
relative sea-level rise	See sea-level rise.
carbon cycle	Storage and cyclic movement of organic and inorganic forms of carbon between the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
cyclone collector	A device that uses centrifugal force to remove large particles from polluted air.
hadley cell	Three-dimensional atmospheric circulation cell located at roughly 0 to 30° North and South of the equator
point sources	Specific points of origin where air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere such as factory smokestacks.
externalities	Occur when a change in the production or consumption of one individual or firm affects indirectly the well-being of another individual or firm
ultravioletb	a type of sunlight
annual plant	A plant that lives only one year or one growing season
preservation	Involves the timely application of carefully selected treatments to maintain or extend an asset's service life.
rip current	A strong relatively narrow current of water that flows seaward against breaking waves.
topography	the name of a vintner association
sub-alpine	The biogeographic zone below the tree line and above the montane zone that is characterized by the presence of coniferous forest and trees.
conjunctive management	integrated management and use of two or more water resources, such as an aquifer and a surface water body.
sedimentary cycle	biogeochemical cycle in which materials primarily are moved from land to sea and back again.
mature capping	A hard soil crust dominated by a plant community of algae, lichens, or mosses
ferricretes	Sedimentary rock created by the chemical precipitation of iron.
rebound effect	After implementation of efficient technologies and practices, part of the savings is taken back for more intensive or other consumption, e.g., improvements in car-engine efficiency lower the cost per kilometer (mile) driven, encouraging more car trips or the purchase of a more powerful vehicle.
musty	unclean
headlands	A strip of land that juts seaward from the coastline
administrative order	a legal document signed by U.S
mermaid	a fabled marine creature usually represented as having the head, trunk, and arms of a woman and a lower part like the tail of a fish.
global warming	This leads to an expansion of the ocean volume and hence an increase in sea level.
collection timing	The pre-determined time period when MSW is collected from a location or pick-up point.
feedback	An interaction mechanism between processes is called a feedback
riparian zone	a stream and all the vegetation on its banks.
hyphae	Thread like structures found on a fungus.
remote sensing	The collection and interpretation of information about an object without physical contact with the object; e.g., satellite imaging, aerial photography, and open path measurements.
weir	a wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water; a wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting.
aeration	decanting wine into a carafe
epa	Environmental Protection Agency. The federal regulatory agency responsible for protecting environmental quality throughout the nation
subsidence	Lowering or sinking of the Earth's surface.
finite volume	a method of solving the governing equations of a numerical model by dividing the spatial domain into a mesh of nodes and corresponding volumes around each node
watt	A metric unit of measurement of the intensity of radiation in Watts over a square meter surface (W/m2 or W m-2).
artesian aquifer	a geologic formation in which water is under sufficient hydrostatic pressure to rise above the top of the aquifer in the subsurface
diffusion	the movement of the embalming solution through the capillaries into the intercellular spaces, from an intravascular to an extravascular position
vascular plant	Plant that has vascular tissues to transport water, nutrients, and other metabolic products.
air toxics	A generic term referring to a harmful chemical or group of chemicals in the air
water quality testing	monitoring water for various contaminants to make sure it is safe for fish protection, drinking, and swimming.
ignitable	Capable of burning or causing a fire.
degorge	removal of the lees
static water depth	the vertical distance from the centerline of the pump discharge down to the surface level of the free pool while no water is being drawn from the pool or water table.
thermal circulation	Atmospheric circulation caused by the heating and cooling of air.
freezing	the change of a liquid into a solid as temperature decreases
wine diseases	a wine disease describes a fault, that is caused by a micro organism
plastics	Non-metallic chemically reactive compounds (polymers) moulded into rigid or pliable construction materials, fabrics, etc
gaging station	the site on a stream, lake or canal where hydrologic data is collected.
proposition 65	Formally known as the Safe Drinking Water and Toxics Enforcement Act , Proposition 65 was enacted in California by direct ballot initiative in November 1986
rate	A measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population.
dump sites	waste disposal grounds.
abscisic acid	A plant
waste	1
wetland	An area of land that is periodically saturated with water, which influences the types of plants and animals that can live there
chlorophyll	Green pigment found in plants and some bacteria used to capture the energy in light through photosynthesis.
canopy drip	Redirection of a proportion of the rain or snow falling on a plant to the edge of its canopy.
habitat	The locality or natural home in which a particular plant, animal, or group of closely associated organisms lives.
mediterranean climate	the Mediterranean climate prevails in the wine-growing regions of the Steiermark
representative	A member of the U.S
primeur / nouveau	common description for the new or first wines of a new vintage, that arrive onto the market in the autumn
plutonium	a heavy, radioactive, man-made, metallic element (atomic number 94) used in the production of nuclear energy and the explosion of nuclear weapons; its most important isotope is fissile plutonium-239, produced by neutron irradiation of uranium-238.
exurbia	(1) the area of suburbs; (2) the region outside a city and its suburbs where wealthier families live.
area source	Any source of air pollution that is released over a relatively small area but which cannot be classified as a point source
low-impact camping	camping that does not damage or change the land, where campers leave no sign that they were on the land.
living machine	An assembly of interlinked artificial ecosystems that can grow food, generate energy, clean the air, heat and cool buildings, etc
mammal	Group of warm blooded vertebrate animals
mercury barometer	Type of barometer that measures changes in atmospheric pressure by the height of a column of mercury in a U-shaped tube which has one end sealed and the other end immersed in an open container of mercury
domestic waste	See Household Waste.
granite	Medium to coarse grained igneous rock that is rich in quartz and potassium feldspar
destructive rest	Resting of land from disturbances such as grazing, trampling, and fire, sufficiently long to cause ecosystem damage
phenotype	physical manifestation of a trait in an organism, determined by genotype and environment.
monsoon	A regional scale wind system that predictably change direction with the passing of the seasons
managed grazing	Any grazing management process or system in which pasture is divided into smaller units which are then grazed in a planned sequence or rotation.
energy flow	The process by which energy from sunlight fuels ecosystem functions and feeds virtually all life
seed	Fertilized ovule of a plant that contains an embryo and food products for germination
evapotranspiration	The combined process of water evaporation from the Earth's surface and transpiration from vegetation.
cloture	the formal end to a debate or filibuster in the Senate requiring a three-fifths vote.
cellulose	A type of carbohydrate
resolution	a formal statement from Congress.
stable equilibrium	In a stable equilibrium the system displays tendencies to return to the same equilibrium after disturbance.
management-intensive grazing	(MIG) A method of rotational grazing used to achieve high forage yields.
scale	A specific relative or proportional size or extent of a phenomena as measured through space and/or time.
mimicry	imitative behavior, one species resembling one another, and gaining advantages as a result
tornado alley	Region in North America which receives a extraordinary high number of tornadoes
predator-prey system	a system involving interactions between predators and their prey
upslope fog	Fog produced by air flowing over topographic barriers
pump station	mechanical device installed in sewer or water system or other liquidcarrying pipelines to move the liquids to a higher level.
impaired water body	a water body that has been determined under state and federal law as not meeting water quality standards, or having the potential to do so in the future.
litter	Dead plant matter lying on the soil surface
earthquake focus	Point of stress release in an earthquake.
thematic map	Map that displays the geographical distribution of one phenomenon or the spatial associations that occur between a few phenomena
overdraft	pumping water from a groundwater basin or aquifer in excess of the supply flowing into the basin; results in a depletion or "mining" of the groundwater in the basin.
fixed energy	A process, like photosynthesis, where organisms repackage inorganic energy into organic energy.
raw sludge	Sludge which has been separated by treatment of wastewater or sewage, and which has not undergone further treatment or stabilisation.
achterl	125ml glass serving
meridional transport	Transport of atmospheric and oceanic energy from the equator to the poles.
wind	Air moving horizontally and/or vertically.
destructive grazing	Grazing that damages plants, and therefore land
wien	wine-growing region
carbon monoxide	a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by incomplete burning of carbon-based fuels; e.g
biochemical oxygen demand	The amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by micro-organisms (bacteria) in the bio-chemical oxidation of organic and inorganic matter in waste water.
brackish water	A mixture of fresh water and salt water.
cabinet	Kabinett
passive remote sensing	Form of remote sensing where the sensor passively captures electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted by an object.
food chain	The sequence of the transfer of food energy from one organism to another in an ecological community
hypoxic events	Events that lead to a deficiency of oxygen.
contamination	pollution.
non-hodgkin’s lymphoma	Any of a large group of cancers of the immune system
ice age	Period of time when glaciers dominate the landscape of the Earth
imhoff cone	a clear, cone-shaped container used to measure the volume of settleable solids in a specific volume of water.
food chain	Movement of energy through the trophic levels of organisms
poverty percent or rate	The percentage of people or families who are below poverty (12%–15% below federal poverty line).
pasture walk	Wayne Burleson's fast method for monitoring landscape health.
allocation	An administrative distribution of funds for programs that do not have statutory distribution formulas.
aqs	Acronym for EPA’s Air Quality System – the system records air quality data and makes it available for public review.
inflammation	The response of the immune system to irritation or injury of body tissues
foliation	Process where once randomly distributed platy minerals in a rock become reoriented, because of metamorphism, in a parallel manner.
radiometer	General name for an instrument used to measure radiation over a specific wavelength range.
carcinogen	A cancer-causing substance
entisols	Soil order (type) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Classification System
climate variation	See climate variability.
gelifluction	Form of mass movement in periglacial environment where a permafrost layer exists
swell	A relatively smooth ocean wave that travels some distance from the area of its generation.
radiation	The emission of energy from an object in the form of electromagnetic waves and photons.
ecosystem restoration	actions taken to modify an ecosystem for the purpose of re-establishing and maintaining desired ecological structures and processes.
lindane	a pesticide that causes adverse health effects when present in domestic water supplies and is toxic to freshwater fish and aquatic life.
hierarchical organization	Organization of a system in such a way that each element of the system contains other elements within it
statistics	A branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, reviewing, summarizing, and interpreting data or information
primary prevention	Proactive activities conducted to avoid health hazards and their consequences
calorific value	The quantity of heat generated when unit mass of a material undergoes complete combustion under certain specified conditions
sunspot	A dark area that forms and disappears on the surface of the sun over periods of days or weeks
paleobotany	the study of lake sediments, pollens, and microfossils to determine ancient climate and vegetation.
temperature	Temperature is defined as the measure of the average speed of atoms and molecules
industrial waste	A heterogeneous mixture of different materials generated during an industrial operation
overexploitation	Use of an ecosystem service in excess of what the ecosystem can sustain on a long-term basis.
particulate matter	"Particles" or "particulate matter" are terms used to describe the mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets in the atmosphere
phreatophytes	plants that send their roots into or below the capillary zone to use ground water.
work	Any activity, physical or mental, carried out in the course of a business, occupation or a profession.
urban heat island	Observed condition that urban areas tend to be warmer than surrounding rural areas.
apportionment	the process through which legislative seats are allocated to different regions.
acid neutralizing capacity	A measure of the ability for water or soil to neutralize added acids
coevolution	The coordinated evolution of two or more species that interact and exert selective pressures on each other that can cause each species to undergo associated adaptations
pluvial	pertaining to precipitation.
lung function	The main function of the lungs is the process of gas exchange called respiration (or breathing)
scale	the degree of resolution from a spatial or temporal perspective at which ecological processes, structures, and changes across space and time are observed and measured.
trihalomethanes	chemical compounds in which three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms
detergent	synthetic washing agent that helps remove dirt and oil
paper products	materials such as paper and cardboard, produced from trees.
navier-stokes equations	a set of equations that describe the physics governing the motion of a fluid
k-selected species	species that produce fewer but stronger offspring and dedicate more care to their upbringing
ba	Beerenauslese
photo credit	Don Enright
mass wasting	General term that describes the downslope movement of sediment, soil, and rock material.
homogenous aquifer	an aquifer that has similar forms or characteristics throughout, such as a uniform gravel aquifer
breakwater	A hard engineering structure built in the sea which, by breaking waves, protects a harbour, anchorage, beach or shore area
imperiled species	declining, rare, or uncommon species; species federally listed as threatened or endangered, or candidates for such; and species with limited distributions.
ph	Scale used to measure the alkalinity or acidity of a substance through the determination of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
annular space	the space between two concentric cylindrical objects, one of which surrounds the other, such as the space between the walls of a drilled hole and a casing.
mechanical separation	Using mechanical means to separate MSW into various components.
community	a group of associated individuals of any size sharing a space or locality.
aquaculture	the science, art and business of cultivating aquatic species, especially fish, shellfish and seaweed in natural or controlled marine and freshwater environments.
nutrient pump	An ecological process in which trees take up mineral nutrients from soil too deep for crop roots to reach
backscattering	Portion of solar radiation directed back into space as a result of particle scattering in the atmosphere.
wave-cut notch	A rock recess at the foot of a sea cliff where the energy of water waves is concentrated.
ensemble	A group of parallel model simulations used for climate projections
bank stability	occurs when the channel bank configuration does not change significantly over time.
solar wind	Mass of ionized gas emitted to space by the Sun
atom	The smallest indivisible particle of
cartography	Field of knowledge that studies map construction
warm desert	Desert found in the subtropics or interiors of continents at the middle latitudes where precipitation is low and surface air temperatures are high.
marsh	an area periodically inundated and treeless and often characterized by grasses, cattails, and other monocotyledons
adsorb	To take up and hold (a gas, liquid, or dissolved substance) in a thin layer of molecules on the surface of a solid substance.
permit fees	Fees paid by businesses required to have a permit
seismograph	Instrument that measures the energy contained in seismic waves from an earthquake or other type of ground displacement.
healthy ecosystem	an ecosystem in which structure and functions allow the desired maintenance over time of biological diversity, biotic integrity, and ecological processes.
enrichment	the addition of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater effluent or agricultural runoff to surface water
geographic cycle	Theory developed by William Morris Davis that models the formation of river-eroded landscapes
spring	an issue of water from the earth; a natural fountain; a source of a body or reservoir of water.
forecast	Projected outcome from established physical, technological, economic, social, behavioral, etc
viscosity	The amount of the resistance to flow in a fluid due to intermolecular friction.
high seas	international ocean water under no single country's legal jurisdiction.
frontal fog	Is a type of fog that is associated with weather fronts, particularly warm fronts
geothermal energy	Heat from inside the Earth
data limitations	Specific information related to the quality or completeness of the data that will helps in understanding it correctly.
hot spots	Streams of molten rock arise deep inside the Earth and move upward through the crust to erupt on the surface or seafloor
vapor pressure	Pressure exerted by water vapor molecules in a given quantity of atmosphere.
hydrology	Field of physical geography that studies the hydrosphere.
drinking water monitoring	Testing that water systems must perform to detect and measure contaminants
fundamental niche	Describes the total range of environmental conditions that are suitable for a species existence without the effects of interspecific competition and predation from other species.
sill	Horizontal planes of igneous rock that run parallel to the grain of the original rock deposits.They form when magma enters and cools in bedding planes found within the crust
population	A group or number of people living within a specified area or sharing similar characteristics (such as occupation or age).
animism	Belief that plants, animals and some non-living parts of nature have spirits or souls.
santa ana wind	A warm, dry chinook like wind that occurs in southern California
catchment	An area that collects and drains rainwater.
hygrometer	An instrument for measuring atmospheric humidity.
urban agglomeration	Total contiguous heavily populated area around a city, which may spill over defined political boundaries.
coral	The term "coral" has several meanings, but is usually the common name for the Order Scleractinia, all members of which have hard limestone skeletons, and which are divided into reef-building and non-reef-building, or cold- and warm-water corals.
radiative forcing	Radiative forcing is the change in the net vertical irradiance (expressed in Watts per square metre; Wm–2) at the tropopause due to an internal or external change in the forcing of the climate system, such as a change in the concentration of CO2 or the output of the Sun.
thermometer	Device used to measure temperature.
cirrus clouds	High altitude cloud composed of ice crystals
herbicide	a chemical used to kill nuisance plants
acetone	a wine fault, with a smell reminiscent of nail varnish remover
ozone layer	A layer of ozone high up in the atmosphere, which shields us from the harmful rays of the Sun.
litter	waste material which is discarded on the ground or otherwise disposed of improperly or thoughtlessly.
recharge rate	the quantity of water per unit of time that replenishes or refills an aquifer.
north atlantic oscillation	The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) consists of opposing variations of barometric pressure near Iceland and near the Azores
southeast trade winds	See trade winds.
precession of the equinox	Wobble in the Earth's polar axis
finance	Financial cash flow and viability, as distinct from economics and commerce.
dissolved solids	inorganic material contained in water or wastes
eutrophic	having a large or excessive supply of plant nutrients (nitrates and phosphates)
fissionable isotope	Isotope that can undergo nuclear fission when hit by a neutron at the right speed
younger dryas	A period 12.9 to 11.6 thousand years ago, during the deglaciation, characterized by a temporary return to colder conditions in many locations, especially around the North Atlantic.
nitrite	Form of nitrogen commonly found in the soil
blm	U.S
ecological community	A community of plants and animals characterized by a typical assemblage of species and their abundances
background level	the concentration of a substance in an environmental media (water or soil) that occurs naturally or is not the result of human activities.
suspended solids	the small solid particles in water that cause turbidity
enzymes	Any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells to catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
erosion	The process of removal and transport of soil and rock by weathering, mass wasting, and the action of streams, glaciers, waves, winds and underground water.
ecosystem	A community of organisms and its physical environment.
saltation	Transport of sediment initiated by moving air or water where particles move from a resting surface to the transport medium in quick continuous repeated cycles.
point source	A stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are discharged; any single identifiable source of pollution; e.g
thermenregion	wine-growing region
photosynthesis	The process by which plants take carbon dioxide from the air (or bicarbonate in water) to build carbohydrates, releasing oxygen in the process
global environmental change	The set of biophysical transformation of states and flows of land, oceans and atmosphere, driven by an interwoven system of human and natural processes; these are intimately connected with processes of socio-economic and cultural globalization.
dispersal	An organism leaving its place or birth or activity for another location.
pyramid of numbers	Graphical model describing the number of organisms that exist at each trophic level in a community or an ecosystem
dose-response assessment/relationship	The amount of a chemical that an organism (such as a person) is exposed to is called the dose, and the severity of the effect of that exposure is called the response
organic soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
self-regulation	The ability of some systems to maintain a steady state equilibrium through positive and negative feedbacks.
cienega	a Southwestern, non-forested wetland
smog	Generic term used to describe mixtures of pollutants in the atmosphere
rainsplash	Soil erosion caused from the impact of raindrops.
recess	ending a legislative session with a set time to reconvene.
evergreen vegetation	Vegetation that keeps a majority of their leaves or needles throughout the year
climate variability	Refers to changes in patterns, such as precipitation patterns, in the weather and climate.
vine breeding	The determined manipulation into the nature of a vine and intervening to result in reproduction.
brittleness scale	it was developed by Jim Howell
condense	To change from gas or vapor to liquid form.
bioveritas	Association of organic wine producers
classification	Process of grouping things into categories.
population	(1) the whole number of inhabitants in a country, region or area; (2) a set of individuals having a quality or characteristic in common.
sere	a transitional stage in plant succession
geostrophic wind	Horizontal wind in the upper atmosphere that moves parallel to isobars
facilitation model of succession	This model of succession suggests that the change in plant species dominance over time is caused by modifications in the abiotic environment that are imposed by the developing community
proportional	Cause and effect relationship between two variables where a positive or negative change in the quantity of one causes a predictable similar quantity change in the other.
cabernet sauvignon	red wine variety
photon	A discrete unit of radiant energy.
coalescence	Process where two or more falling raindrops join together into a single larger drop because of a midair collision.
fresh water inflow requirements	freshwater flows required to maintain the natural salinity, nutrient, and sediment delivery in a bay or estuary that supports their unique biological communities and ensures a healthy ecosystem.
subduction zone	Linear area where tectonic subduction takes place.
terminal velocity	Maximum speed that can be achieve by a body falling through a fluid like water or air.
convergence	Horizontal inflow of wind into an area
algicide	substance or chemical used specifically to kill or control algae.
catalyst	A substance that can increase or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction between the other chemical species without being consumed in the process.
troposphere	The region of the Earth's atmosphere 0-10 km above the planet's surface.
groundfish	a general term referring to fish that live on or near the sea floor
carcinogens	substances that cause cancer, such as tar.
ecological approach	a method of natural resource planning and management that provides due consideration for the interrelationships between all species, including humans, and their environment.
free ground water	water in interconnected pore spaces in the zone of saturation down to the first impervious barrier, moving under the control of the water table slope.
revenue	Income, especially of large amount from any source.
subtropical high pressure zone	Surface zone of atmospheric high pressure located at about 30° North and South latitude
climate variability	Climate variability refers to variations in the mean state and other statistics (such as standard deviations, statistics of extremes, etc.) of the climate on all temporal and spatial scales beyond that of individual weather events
pumped hydroelectric storage	storing water for future use in generating electricity
leaching	Process in which water removes and transports soil humus and inorganic nutrients in solution.
particulate pollution	pollution made up of small liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere or water supply.
family planning	a system of limiting family size and the frequency of childbearing by the appropriate use of contraceptive techniques.
cell	A cell is the smallest self-functioning unit found in living organisms
aerated static pile composting	See Static pile composting.
leaching	The removal of soil elements or applied chemicals by water movement through the soil.
specific heat	Is the heat capacity of a unit mass of a substance or heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of a substance 1 degree Celsius.
piezometric surface	the imaginary surface to which groundwater rises under hydrostatic pressure in wells or springs.
land use	the way in which land is used, especially in farming and city planning.
inhibition model of succession	This model of succession suggests that the change in plant species dominance over time is caused by death and small scale disturbances and variations is plant species longevity and ability to disperse
prey	Organism that is consumed by a predator.
plankton	Tiny microscopic creatures living in the sea
icbm	a land-based or mobile rocket-propelled missile capable of delivering a nuclear warhead to a range greater than 5,500 kilometers.
environmental public health	Focuses on the relationships between people and their environment, promotes human health and well-being, and fosters a safe and healthful environment.
musculoskeletal toxicity	Adverse effects to the structure and/or function of the muscles, bones and joints caused by exposure to a toxic chemical
stream piracy	the tendency of one stream to capture the flow of another by eroding a channel that intercepts the other stream's flow.
breathing zone	The immediate space in front of a person's face from which air is inhaled
adjournment	the end of a legislative day or session.
thermal metamorphism	Is the metamorphic alteration of rock because of intense heat released from processes related to plate tectonics.
lung diseases	any disease or damaging conditions in the lung or bronchia such as cancer or emphysema.
vehicles	liquids which serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients which are incorporated into embalming fluids
visibility standard	Established by the Colorado State Legislature, the visibility standard requires that not more than 7.6 percent of the light in a kilometer of air be blocked, averaged over four daylight hours
alluvial	relating to, composed of, or found in alluvium.
oxidised aroma	wine fault
hazard	Anything at all that can cause sickness, injury or death.
tools for mswm planning	The working tools that are employed to plan MSWM operations
wind turbine	A machine that converts energy from the wind into electricity
hydration	A form of chemical weathering that involves the rigid attachment of H+ and OH- ions to the atoms and molecules of a mineral.
endemism	the characteristic of being confined to or indigenous in, a certain area or region.
stemflow	Is the process that directs precipitation down plant branches and stems
flow-sensitive habitats	habitats that show hydraulic response to relatively small changes in streamflow
orographic uplift	Uplift of an air mass because of a topographic obstruction
paludification	The process of transforming land into a wetland such as a marsh, a swamp or a bog.
surface tension	Tension of a liquid's surface
acequia	an irrigation ditch or channel, a term commonly used in northern New Mexico.
net primary productivity	Total amount of chemical energy fixed by the processes of photosynthesis minus the chemical energy lost through respiration.
snow line	The lower limit of permanent snow cover, below which snow does not accumulate.
undernutrition	The temporary or chronic state resulting from intake of lower than recommended daily dietary energy and/or protein requirements, through either insufficient food intake, poor absorption, and/or poor biological use of nutrients consumed.
data quality objectives	Qualitative and quantitative statements of the overall level of uncertainty that a decision-maker will accept in results or decisions based on environmental data
concurrent disinfection	the disinfection procedure used during the embalming process
moist adiabatic lapse rate	See saturated adiabatic lapse rate.
tragedy of the commons	the idea that no one takes responsibility for things that everybody owns.
mass balance	The relative balance between the input and output of material within a system.
social institutions	An established pattern of behaviour or relationships accepted as a fundamental part of a culture.
through talik	Is a form of localized unfrozen ground (talik) in an area of permafrost
liver and gastrointestinal toxicity	Adverse effects to the structure and/or function of the liver, gall bladder or gastrointestinal tract caused by exposure to a toxic chemical
forest limit/line	The upper elevational or latitudinal limit beyond which natural tree regeneration cannot develop into a closed forest stand
heat of combustion	Heat per unit mass (or mole) released by the combustion of a substance that produces specified products (this is a calculated value).
manning's equation	an empirical equation used to estimate the average hydraulic conditions of flow within a channel cross section.
methoxychlor	pesticide that causes adverse health effects when found in domestic water supplies
bud	bud, or first shoot of a vine
sporadic permafrost	Form of permafrost that exists as small islands of frozen ground in otherwise unfrozen soil and sediments.
field capacity	the amount of water held in soil against the pull of gravity.
stabilization	Keeping constant the atmospheric concentrations of one or more heat-trapping gas (greenhouse gas) or of a CO2-equivalent basket of heat-trapping gases
clastic sedimentary rock	Sedimentary rocks that are formed by the lithification of weathered rock debris that has been physically transported and deposited.
mudballs	round material that forms in filters and gradually grows when not removed by backwashing.
thermohaline circulation	Large-scale circulation in the ocean that transforms low-density upper ocean waters to higher-density intermediate and deep waters and returns those waters back to the upper ocean
exceedance	Violation of the pollutant levels permitted by environmental protection standards.
dry deposition	delivery of air pollutants in the gaseous or particle phase to surfaces.
hydrocarbons	chemical compounds that consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen; also referred to as volatile organic compound.
isohyet	A line on a map connecting locations that receive the same amount of rainfall.
american vines	Grape vines from North, Central and South America
coriolis force	An apparent force due to the Earth's rotation
fiscal constraint	A demonstration of sufficient funds (Federal, State, local, and private) to implement proposed transportation system improvements, as well as to operate and maintain the entire system, through the comparison of revenues and costs.
snow line	Altitudinal or latitudinal limit separating zones where snow does not melt during the summer season from areas in which it does
district heating	Hot water (steam in old systems) is distributed from central stations to buildings and industries in a densely occupied area (a district, a city or an industrialized area)
flood	an overflow or inundation that comes from a river or other body of water and causes or threatens damage
water column	an imaginary column extending through a water body from its floor to its surface
calorie	amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
limb chipper	A machine pulled behind a truck to chip tree limbs and brush; used by tree trimming companies.
anaerobic	Refers to organisms that are not dependent on oxygen for
gis	Geographic information system, a computer program that allows one to visualize information in map formats.
infrastructure	The basic equipment, utilities, productive enterprises, installations and services essential for the development, operation and growth of an organisation, city or nation.
pollen analysis	A technique of both relative dating and environmental reconstruction, consisting of the identification and counting of pollen types preserved in peat, lake sediments and other deposits
eon	Longest geologic time unit.
body wave	Type of seismic wave that travels through the interior of Earth.
firn line	See firn limit.
inversion	See temperature inversion.
giardia lamblia	a protozoa found in the feces of infected humans and animals that can cause severe gastrointestinal ailments
foliar leaching	Process in which water from precipitation removes plant nutrients from the surface of leaves.
developed	mature
interfacial tension	the strength of the film separating two immiscible fluids (e.g., oil and water) measured in dynes per, or millidynes per, centimeter.
base level	The subterranean elevation below which a stream cannot vertically erode sediment
license	see Permit.
radioisotope or radioactive isotope	A unstable isotope of an element
current velocity	the velocity of water flow in a stream, measured in units of length per unit of time, such as feet per second (fps).
tnt equivalent	a measure of the energy released in the detonation of a nuclear weapon, expressed in terms of the quantity of TNT which would release the same amount of energy.
rotation	See Earth rotation.
phreatophyte	a deep rooted plant that obtains its water from the water table.
re-entrants	A prominent indentation in an escarpment, ridge or shoreline.
community-based organisation	Community based interest groups formed by the members of a local community to take charge of their interests or to influence events.
species composition	that portion of an Index of Biotic Integrity that is a metric measuring the number and identity of species.
orogeny	period of mountain-building.
short wave	A small wave in the polar jet stream and the westerlies that extends from the middle to the upper troposphere
photosphere	Visible surface of Sun from which radiant energy is release.
continental shelf break	Boundary zone between the continental shelf and slope.
coastal pelagic	fish that live in the open ocean at or near the water's surface but remain relatively close to the coast
ph scale	The pH scale is used to measure the amount of acid in a substance
range	A statistical measure of the dispersion of observation values in a data set
earth sciences tradition	Academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates natural phenomena from a spatial perspective.
dicot [dicotyledon]	a flowering, vascular plant that has two cotyledons (primary embryonic leaves) in its seed.
pressure gradient force	Force due to spatial differences in atmospheric pressure
kremstal	wine-growing region
variance	A statistical measure of the dispersion of observation values in a data set
heat stroke	A medical condition that results from being exposed to high temperatures
cod	Chemical Oxygen Demand. A measure of the oxygen equivalent of the organic matter content of a sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidation. Differs from the BOD test in that COD uses oxygen derived from chemicals, while BOD uses oxygen derived from air dissolved in water.
orthographic projection	Map projection that presents the Earth's surface in two-dimensions as if it were being observed from a great distance in space
grüner veltliner	white wine variety
non-parametric statistical test	Statistical tests that do not assume the sample data is normally distributed.
ecosystem	Conventionally defined as a community of organisms and its environment functioning as one ecological unit
energy vampire	An appliance or device that uses electricity even when it is turned off.
exposure monitoring	Monitoring of a person's exposure to asbestos fibres by various methods to make sure that the levels comply with NES
freshwater lens	A lenticular fresh groundwater body that underlies an oceanic island
solar dollars	Money generated from human creativity and labor when combined with constant sources of energy such as geothermal heat, wind, tides, falling water, and most importantly the sun
functional extinction	This term defines a species which has lost its capacity to persist and to recover because its populations have declined to below a minimum size
transmissivity	refers to the rate at which limestone allows the transmission of water
neutral	Neither acidic nor alkaline, with a pH of 7.
coefficient of haze	A measurement of the quantity of dust and smoke in the atmosphere in a theoretical 1,000 linear feet of air
organic chemicals	chemicals containing carbon.
oligotrophic	having a low supply of plant nutrients
contour interval	Difference in elevation between two successive contour lines
erosion	natural movement of the soil affected by weather conditions
rayleigh scattering	the scattering of light by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light, e.g., molecular scattering in the natural atmosphere.
frontal lifting	Lifting of a warmer or less dense air mass by a colder or more dense air mass at a frontal transitional zone.
alveoli	Tiny, thin-walled, inflatable sacs in the
moratorium	legislative action which prevents a federal agency from taking a specific action or implementing a specific law.
caucus	a meeting of a political party, usually to appoint representatives to party positions.
clear	clear and bright
chezy's roughness	a coefficient in Chezy's equation that accounts for energy loss due to the friction between the channel and the water.
solar system	The collection of celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun.
ozone action plan	A State plan proposed to the AQCC reduce ozone levels in the Denver/North Front Range area by 2010.
action level	The "action level" is an airborne lead level which triggers employer actions to comply with the Lead in Construction Standard
percolation	the movement of water through the subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to the groundwater or water table reservoirs.
large-scale singularities	Abrupt and dramatic changes in the state of given systems, in response to gradual changes in driving forces
calcium carbonate	CACO3 - a white precipitate that forms in water lines, water heaters and boilers in hard water areas; also known as scale.
ppm	See parts per million.
grape stem rot	a form of grey rot
rubin carnuntum	brand collaboration
pedon	A basic soil sampling unit
disposables	Consumer products, other items, and packaging used once or a few times and discarded.
state revolving funds	a program, capitalized in part by federal funds, that provides low-interest loans for construction of publicly owned wastewater treatment and water recycling facilities, for implementation of nonpoint source and storm drainage pollution control management programs, and for the development and implementation of estuary conservation and management programs.
aroma	flavour compounds
moisture content	the amount of water lost from soil upon drying to a constant weight, expressed as the weight per unit of dry soil or as the volume of water per unit bulk volume of the soil.
light year	Distance that light travels in the vacuum of space in one year
seawater	The mixture of water and various dissolved salts found in the world's oceans and seas.
law of basin areas	Morphometric relationship observed in the mean basin area size of stream segments of a particular classification order in stream channel branching
clearance monitoring	Monitoring of a work area after the work is completed to measure the levels of airborne asbestos fibres, using static or positional monitors set up at average head height
highly migratory fish	fish that travel over great areas.
basin	A topographic rock structure whose shape is concave downwards.
carpooling	sharing a car to a destination to reduce fuel use, pollution and travel costs.
subsistence flows	the component of an instream flow regime that represents infrequent, naturally occurring low flow events that occur for a seasonal period of time
epithelial tissue	One of the four basic tissues of the body
ordovician	Geologic period that occurred roughly 438 to 505 million years ago
tributary	a stream that contributes its water to another stream or body of water.
normal fault	Vertical fault where one slab of the rock is displaced up and the other slab down
batholith	A large mass of subsurface intrusive igneous rock that has its origins from mantle magma.
well injection	the subsurface placement of fluids into a well.
downy mildew	fungal disease
double-liner system	A system in which two liners are used in a landfill to protect against groundwater contamination
atmosphere	A mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases that surrounds the Earth
food chain	a group of organisms interrelated by the fact that each member of the group feeds upon on the one below it.
aromatic	delicate and subtle
cyclone	Area of low pressure in the atmosphere that displays circular inward movement of air
dyke	A human-made wall or embankment along a shore to prevent flooding of low-lying land
magnetic north	See North Magnetic Pole.
cost-benefit analysis	Monetary measurement of all negative and positive impacts associated with a given action
nuclear energy	energy or power produced by nuclear reactions (fusion or fission).
bedding plane	A layer in a series of sedimentary beds that marks a change in the type of deposits.
ozone	Ozone, the triatomic form of oxygen (O3), is a gaseous atmospheric constituent
degradation	Readjustment of the stream profile where the stream channel is lowered by the erosion of the stream bed
parasite	An animal that obtains its nutrition by living in close association with another kind of animal (the host) without killing it immediately
planned grazing	A common abbreviation for Holistic Grazing Planning.
overturned fold	A fold in rock layers where one limb is pushed past the perpendicular
eolian landform	Is a landform formed from the erosion or deposition of weathered surface materials by wind
thermocline	The region in the world’s ocean, typically at a depth of 1 km, where temperature decreases rapidly with depth and which marks the boundary between the surface and the ocean.
reinsurance	The transfer of a portion of primary insurance risks to a secondary tier of insurers (reinsurers); essentially ‘insurance for insurers’.
ecology	Literally means the "study of the household [of nature]"
scour	the erosive action of running water in streams, which excavates and carries away material from the bed and banks
water quality-based toxics control	an integrated strategy used in NPDES permitting to assess and control the discharge of toxic pollutants to surface waters
coastline	The line that separates a land surface from an ocean or sea.
collection/disposal interface	The interface between collection and disposal is usually defined when the secondary collection vehicle discharges its load of waste
biome	Largest recognizable assemblage of animals and plants on the Earth
landscape impoundment	body of reclaimed water which is used for aesthetic enjoyment or which otherwise serves a function not intended to include contact recreation.
funnel cloud	A tornado which is beginning its descent from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud
ozone episode	A period of usually a few days up to 2-3 weeks with high ozone concentrations, characterised by daily exceedances of the thresholds set to protect human health
pedogenic regime	The particular soil forming process that operates in a certain climate
latent heat flux	Latent heat flux is the global movement of latent heat energy through circulations of air and water
galaxy	An assemblage of millions to hundreds of billions of stars.
science	Science is a way of acquiring knowledge
agricultural revolution	The beginning of agriculture about 10,000 - 12,000 years ago
stratosphere	Highly stratified region of atmosphere above the troposphere extending from about 10 km (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics) to about 50 km.
second law of thermodynamics	This law states that heat can never pass spontaneously from a colder to a hotter body
inorganic	Substance in which carbon-to-carbon bonds are absent; mineral matter.
ebb tide	Time during the tidal period when the tide is falling
downscaling	Downscaling is a method that derives local- to regional-scale (10 to 100 km) information from larger-scale models or data analyses
tests for death	those procedures used to prove the signs of death
eukaryote	Organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and many specialized structures located within their cell boundary
rain gage	any instrument used for recording and measuring time, distribution, and the amount of rainfall.
whole-effluent toxicity	the aggregate toxic effect of an effluent measured directly by a toxicity test.
convergence precipitation	The formation of precipitation due to the convergence of two air masses
ice sheet	A dome-shaped glacier covering an area greater than 50,000 square kilometers
wastewater	water containing waste including greywater, blackwater or water contaminated by waste contact, including process-generated and contaminated rainfall runoff.
opulence	tasting impression
undertow	the current beneath the surface that sets seaward or along the beach when waves are breaking on the shore.
eddy diffusion	Mixing of the atmosphere by chaotic air currents.
secondary treatment	second step in most waste treatment systems, in which bacteria break down the organic parts of sewage wastes; usually accomplished by bringing the sewage and bacteria together in trickling filters or in the activated sludge process
transit	see public transportation.
strip grazing	The grazing of animals in narrow strips of land generally behind a frequently moved electric fence
blue fining	fining, cleaning process
gully reclamation	use of small dams of manure and straw; earth, stone,or concrete to collect silt and gradually fill in channels of eroded soil.
sunrise	Moment of time when the Sun's edge first appears above the Earth's horizon.
biomonitoring	a test used to evaluate the relative potency of a chemical by comparing its effect on a living organism with the effect of a standard population on the same type of organism.
primary producer	Organisms that occupy the first trophic level in the grazing food chain
spätrot	synonym for Zierfandler
rhyolite	A fine grained extrusive igneous rock that is rich in quartz and potassium feldspar
buschenschank	Heuriger or Buschenschank wine tavern
secondary raw materials	1
cryosol soil	Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification
historic variability	the variation in spatial, structural, compositional, and temporal characteristics of ecosystem elements during a reference period prior to intensive resource use and management
cairo plan	recommendations for stabilizing world population agreed upon at the U.N
summer solstice	The summer solstice denotes the first day of the summer season
dod	United States Department of Defense.
e / e	standard product term
onshore-offshore transport	The up and down movement of sediment roughly perpendicular to a shoreline because of wave action.
kame	A steep conical hill composed of glaciofluvial sediments
trash fish	Fish that have little commercial value.
center for holistic management	Allan Savory's organization for promoting Holistic Management
paddocks	generally with some flexibility, but without planning that caters to the many variables inherent in such situations
arid	Having insufficient rainfall to support agriculture without irrigation.
vertical aerial photograph	Photograph taken from a overhead or near overhead angle from a platform in the atmosphere.
dilution ratio	the critical low flow of the receiving water at the point of recycled water discharge divided by the flow of the discharge. Is used in the biomonitoring test to simulate in-stream conditions that organisms will be exposed to during critical low-flow times.
adsorption	the adhesion of a substance to the surface of a solid or liquid
heavy water	water in which all the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.
must weight	specific (sugar) weight of the must
non-renewable resource	Resource that is finite in quantity and is being used faster than its ability to regenerate itself.
divergence	Horizontal outflow of wind from an area
curing	The final holding stage of composting, after much of the readily metabolized material has been decomposed, which provides additional biological stabilization
cold front	A transition zone in the atmosphere where an advancing cold air mass displaces a warm air mass.
greenhouse	a building made with translucent (light transparent, usually glass or fiberglass) walls conducive to plant growth.
strike	One of the directional properties of a geologic structure such as a fold or a fault
lapse rate	The rate of change of an atmospheric variable, usually temperature, with height
wilting point	The point at which the rate of water leaving a plant's leaves is greater than the water uptake by the roots
biofilm	a thin (0.01-2 mm) yet dense surface layer of microbes, organic detritus and sediment in a mucilaginous matrix of extracellular polymeric substances held together with non-carbohydrate components secreted by microphytobenthos and benthic bacteria; found in some intertidal areas.
invertebrate	Animal that does not have a backbone
thermodynamic laws	Laws that describe the physical processes, relationships, and phenomena associated with heat.
grand cru	classed growth wine
nivation hollow	Ground depression found in periglacial areas that is created by nivation.
chronic exposure	Long-term exposure, usually lasting one year to a lifetime.
executive session	a congressional meeting closed to the public (and the media).
methyl orange alkalinity	A measure of the total alkalinity in a water sample in which the color of methyl orange reflects the change in level.
hydrocarbons	compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
extirpation	The disappearance of a species from part of its range; local extinction.
heat wave	A long period of abnormally hot weather, typically lasting for several days.
active layer	The layer of ground that is subject to annual thawing and freezing in areas underlain by permafrost.
thermocline	fairly thin zone in a lake that separates an upper warmer zone (epilimnion) from a lower colder zone (hypolimnion).
aerobic	life or processes that require, or are not destroyed by, the presence of oxygen.
thermal expansion	In connection with sea level, this refers to the increase in volume (and decrease in density) that results from warming water
endangered species	A species found in nature that has so few surviving individuals that the it could soon become extinct in all or most of its natural range
mean solar day	Time it takes to complete one Earth rotation relative to the position of the Sun (for example, from midnight to midnight)
phanerozoic	Geologic eon that occurs from 2500 million years ago to today
phylogenic classification	Classification of organisms based on genetic connections between other species.
seismic	Shaking displacement usually caused by an earthquake.
armoring	the formation of an erosion-resistant layer of relatively large particles on a streambed or bank resulting from removal of finer particles by erosion.
beach drift	The lateral movement of sediments on a beach when the angles of swash and backwash differ.
cyanobacteria	Bacteria that have the ability to photosynthesize.
explosive eruption	Volcanic eruption where high-viscosity granite-rich magma causes an explosion of ash and pyroclastic material
bycatch	fish and/or other marine life that are incidentally caught with the targeted species
control run	A model run carried out to provide a ‘baseline’ for comparison with climate-change experiments
biomass	the sum of all living living organisms in an area; a measure of the quantity of living matter in a given unit area or volume.
ground temperature	The temperature of the ground near the surface (often within the first 10 cm)
dosage	sparkling wine-making term
commensialism	Biological interaction between tospecies where one species benefits in terms of fitness while they other experiences no effect on its fitness.
orogenic belt	A major range of mountains on the continents.
distributional limit	Spatial boundary that defines the edge of a species geographical range.
young wine	the first wine of the new vintage
kame	a short ridge, hill, or mound of stratified drift deposited by glacial meltwater.
hydroelectric plant	electric power plant in which the energy of falling water is used to spin a turbine generator to produce electricity.
bifurcation ratio	Quantitative ratio determined between the parts of systems that display branching
aquitard	geological formation that may contain groundwater but is not capable of transmitting significant quantities of it under normal hydraulic gradients
beach	The terrestrial interface area in between land and a water body where there are accumulations of unconsolidated sediments like sand and gravel
mauna loa record	The record of measurement of atmospheric CO2 concentrations taken at Mauna Loa Observatory, Mauna Loa, Hawaii, since March 1958
browse	Noun: Tender shoots, twigs, and leaves of trees and shrubs used as food by animals
primary succession	Succession on soil or sediments that do not contain an active seed bank.
geothermal energy	Heat energy derived from the Earth's interior.
thunder	Sound created when lightning causes the rapid expansion of atmospheric gases along its strike path.
plagioclase feldspar	A type of feldspar that is rich in sodium and calcium
soil erosion	Loss of soil that is worn or carried away by wind or rain.
potential production	Estimated crop productivity under non-limiting soil, nutrient and water conditions.
apnea	A disorder in which breathing stops for periods longer than 10 seconds during sleep; can be caused by failure of the automatic respiratory center to respond to elevated blood levels of carbon dioxide.
fungicide	pesticide
stakeholder	A person or an organization that has a legitimate interest in a project or entity, or would be affected by a particular action or policy.
fine lees	fungus
permaculture	A design system, based on ecological principles, for creating sustainable human environments
instream cover	overhanging or instream structure, such as tree roots, undercut streambanks, boulders, or aquatic vegetation that offer protection for aquatic organisms.
adsorber	An emissions control device that removes VOCs from a gas stream as a result of the gas attaching (adsorbing) onto a solid matrix such as activated carbon.
detritus food chain	Model describing the conversion of organic energy in a community or ecosystem into inorganic elements and compounds through decomposition
eurasian watermilfoil	Aquatic Nuisance Species Great Lakes Panel
double magnum	size of a bottle
confined groundwater	Groundwater trapped between two impervious layers of rock.
hypolimnetic	Referring to the part of a lake below the thermocline made up of water that is stagnant and of essentially uniform temperature except during the period of overturn.
industrial revolution	Major change in the economy and society of humans brought on by the use of machines and the efficient production of goods
doldrums	Area of low atmospheric pressure and calm westerly winds located at the equator
co2 fertilisation	See carbon dioxide fertilisation.
emissions direct / indirect	Direct emissions or "point of emission" are defined at the point in the energy chain where they are released and are attributed to that point in the energy chain, whether a sector, a technology or an activity
groundwater flow	Underground topographic flow of groundwater because of gravity.
meridional overturning circulation	See thermohaline circulation (THC).
greenhouse gas	Gases in the atmosphere, which can trap the heat escaping from the Earth, causing the temperature to go up.
system	A system is a set of interrelated components working together towards some kind of process.
sensory analysis	sensory evaluation
holistic management	A process and set of guidelines for making decisions that are simultaneously financially, socially, and ecologically sound, both short- and long-term, and which work to improve people's quality of life
herd effect	The impact of a excited or concentrated herd of large animals on soil and vegetation
threshold	The dose or exposure level below which a significant adverse effect is not expected.
anus	The posterior opening of the digestive tract.
particulate matter	Particles of dust, soot, salt, sulfate compounds, pollen, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere.
kilowatt-hour	A unit for measuring the use of electricity
npl	[see National Priorities List for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites].
voluntary agreement	An agreement between a government authority and one or more private parties to achieve environmental objectives or to improve environmental performance beyond compliance to regulated obligations
stream bank	Sides of the stream channel.
enrollment	Number of students attending a particular school, district or collaborative.
meteorological conditions	Atmospheric conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and atmospheric stability (mixing of the air).
cretaceous	Geologic period that occurred roughly 65 to 144 million years ago
diurnal temperature range	The difference between the maximum and minimum temperature during a 24-hour period.
nutrient	Any food, chemical element or compound an organism requires to live, grow, or reproduce.
nonbrittle	An environment characterized by reliable and regular precipitation, high humidity, and slow decay
reduce	to bring down to a smaller extent, size, amount, number, etc
oceanography	The scientific study of phenomena found in the world's oceans.
seepage lake	A lake that gets its water primarily from the seepage of groundwater.
mittelburgenland	wine-growing region
overflow rate	one of the guidelines for design of the settling tanks and clarifiers in a treatment plant.
artesian well	a water well drilled into a confined aquifer where enough hydraulic pressure exists for water rise in the well to a height above the top of the aquifer in the subsurface
ppt	See parts per thousand.
neusiedlersee	wingegrowing area
bottomset bed	Horizontal deltaic deposit of alluvial sediment composed of fine silt and clay.
solar energy	Energy from the sun, which can be converted into other forms of energy such as heat or electricity.
natural gas	A fossil fuel that is an odorless, colorless gas
water purveyor	a public utility, mutual water company, county water district, or municipality that delivers drinking water to customers.
pre-industrial	The period before the industrial revolution.
set stocking	Letting animals continuously graze an area for long periods, with no rest periods for plants to recover
air monitoring accuracy requirements	The employer must use a method of monitoring and analysis which has an accuracy (to a confidence level of 95%) of not less than plus or minus 25 percent for airborne concentrations of lead equal to or greater than 30 ug/m3.
species	a species is a group of morphologically similar organisms that are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
cumulus cloud	Puffy clouds with relatively flat bases
inferential statistics	Statistical test that makes generalizations about a population based of the numeric information obtained from a sample based on the laws of probability.
community supported agriculture	strategy of connecting local farmers with local consumers; developing a regional food supply and local economy; maintaining a sense of community; encouraging land stewardship; and honoring the knowledge and experience of growers and producers working with small to medium farms
subtropics	The parts of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropics
porous	something which allows water to pass through it
phytotoxic	An adjective describing a substance that has a toxic effect on plants
regolith	Loose layer of rocky material overlying bedrock.
atomic weight	The sum of the weights of an atom's protons and
laboratory water	purified water used in the laboratory as a basis for making up solutions or making dilutions
decanter	carafe
jetteau	a jet of water.
estuary	a bay or inlet, often at the mouth of a river, in which large quantities of freshwater and seawater mix together
pediment	A gradually sloping bedrock surface located at the base of fluvial-eroded mountain range
birth control	preventing birth or reducing frequency of birth, primarily by preventing conception.
effective precipitation	the part of precipitation which produces runoff; a weighted average of current and antecedent precipitation "effective" in correlating with runoff
river	a natural stream of water of considerable volume.
geomorphic threshold	The amount of slow accumulated change a landform can take before it suddenly moves into an accelerated rate of change that takes it to a new system state.
grazing food chain	Model describing the trophic flow of organic energy in a community or ecosystem.
wetland	A transitional, regularly waterlogged area of poorly drained soils, often between an aquatic and a terrestrial ecosystem, fed from rain, surface water or groundwater
heterogeneity	State of being dissimilar or diverse.
spring melt/thaw	the process whereby warm temperatures melt winter snow and ice
clone	the resulting offspring by asexual reproduction of a living being
controlled burning	Small fires set deliberately to reduce combustible material in a forest.
texture	a sensory term for a wine that describes a tactile impression on the palate
landfall	The coastline location where a tropical storm or hurricane moves from ocean onto land.
troposphere	The lowest part of the atmosphere from the surface to about 10 km in altitude in mid-latitudes (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) where clouds and 'weather' phenomena occur
talik	An unfrozen section of ground found above, below, or within a layer of discontinuous permafrost
typhoon	Another name for hurricane.
paleoclimate	Climate during periods prior to the development of measuring instruments, including historic and geologic time, for which only proxy climate records are available.
plucking	Erosive process of particle detachment by moving glacial ice
biosphere	Part of the Earth where life is found
acclimatisation	The physiological adaptation to climatic variations.
overrest	(Also destructive rest or R.I.P
disturbance	an ecosystem disturbance can be natural or human induced stress
basement rock	Very old granite and metamorphic rocks found in continental crust
staubiger	refers to a young, still cloudy wine
tarn	A small mountain lake that occurs inside a cirque basin.
biological integrity	the ability to support and maintain balanced, integrated functionality in the natural habitat of a given region
siltation	the deposition of finely divided soil and rock particles upon the bottom of stream and river beds and reservoirs.
diploid	Cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
connoisseur	wine expert
permeability	A measure of the ability of soil, sediments, and rock to transport water horizontally and vertically
bed forms	three-dimensional configurations of bed material, which are formed in streambeds by the action of flowing water.
lava	Molten magma released from a volcanic vent or fissure.
ecology	a branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their environment.
density	a measure of how heavy a specific volume of a solid, liquid, or gas is in comparison to water.
rain	water drops which fall to the earth from the air.
nepa	National Environmental Protection Act.
ice pellets	A type of precipitation
aquifer	A stratum of permeable rock that bears water
capillary zone	soil area above the water table where water can rise up slightly through the cohesive force of capillary action
discharge	See stream discharge.
consumer	Animal or other living organism that feeds on plants, animals or microorganisms.
segregated ice	A form of periglacial ground ice that consists of almost pure ice that often exists as an extensive horizontal layer
bolson	Is a closed desert basin with no drainage outlet, surrounded by mountains.
recovery period	A rest period between grazings that allows plants time to regrow their leaves and restore root mass and energy stores.
climate	The average weather conditions in a particular location or region at a particular time of the year
jetter	one (as a geyser) that sends out a jet.
stakeholder	A person, group, or community who has an interest in activities at a hazardous waste site.
mark-up	action by a Congressional committee to amend and/or approve a bill; following mark-up the bill is "reported" out of committee and is ready for consideration by the entire House or Senate.
watershed	an area of land with a characteristic drainage network that contributes surface or ground water to flow at a designated location; a drainage basin or a major subdivision of a drainage basin.
power plants	facilities (plants) that produce energy.
euphotic zone	surface layer of an ocean, lake, or other body of water through which light can penetrate
vertebrate	Animal that does have a backbone
present value	The value of a money amount differs when the amount is available at different moments in time (years)
anticodon	A sequence of three
hanging wall	The topmost surface of an inclined fault.
sludge	A semi-solid residue from any of a number of air and/or water treatment processes.
gemischter satz	white wine speciality from Vienna
diminishing returns	A benefit that beyond a certain point fails to increase in proportion to additional investments.
emissions	release of pollutants into the air from a source.
hazardous waste	Waste generated during production or other activities by society that can pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed
gallon	A unit of volume
conduction	Conduction consists of energy transfer directly from atom to atom and represents the flow of energy along a temperature gradient.
impoundment	a body of water such as a pond, confined by a dam, dike, floodgate or other barrier
irrigation efficiency	the percentage of water applied, and which can be accounted for, in the soil moisture increase for consumptive use.
base cations	Positively charged ions such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, and calcium that increase pH of water (make it less acidic) when released to solution through mineral weathering and exchange reactions.
secondary succession	Succession on a previously vegetated surface
portfolio effect	Asynchronous fluctuations in the populations of different species, which can buffer ecosystem level variation through an averaging effect, just as a diverse portfolio of investments is thought to give greater stability in the face of stock market fluctuations (ecoSERVICES Science Plan).
source	any place or object from which air pollutants are released.
groundwater recharge	The process by which external water is added to the zone of saturation of an aquifer, either directly into a formation or indirectly by way of another formation.
ecosystem foundation blocks	The four basic ecosystem processes: water cycle, mineral cycle, energy flow, and community dynamics.
decay	the decomposition of proteins caused by the action of enzymes of aerobic bacteria
capillary forces	forces that cause ground water to rise above the surface of the saturated zone into the spaces between soil particles in the unsaturated zone.
topography	The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the position of natural and man-made features
mass extinction	A catastrophic, widespread perturbation where major groups of species become extinct in a relatively short time compared to normal background extinctions.
autosomes	The chromosomes other than the
neutral	A substance that is neither an acid nor a base and has a pH of 7
continental slope	Steeply sloping portion of continental crust found between the continental shelf and continental rise.
u.s. forest service	A federal agency, part of the U.S
saltwater intrusion	The invasion of saltwater into freshwater aquifers in coastal and inland areas
polypedon	An identifiable soil with distinct characteristics found in a location or region
ohv	off-highway vehicle.
seismology	A branch of science focused on the study of earthquakes and seismic activity.
model	A mathematical and geometric projection of activity and the interactions in the transportation system in an area
melting	The physical process of a solid becoming a liquid
topographic map	Map that displays topography through the use of elevation contour lines
ground fog	See radiation fog.
shield volcano	Volcano created from alternate layers of lava flows
channel	a natural or artificial watercourse that continuously or intermittently contains water, with definite bed and banks that confine all but overbanking streamflows.
ultraviolet radiation	Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 and 0.4 micrometers (µm).
particle count	Results of a microscopic examination of treated water with a special "particle counter" that classifies suspended particles by number and size.
mineral dollars	solar dollars.
proton	A sub-particle of an atom that contains a positive charge.
sexual reproduction	Any process of reproduction that does involve the fusion of gametes.
turtle excluder device	a gear modification used on shrimp trawls that enables incidentally caught sea turtles to escape from the nets.
bioassay	a test to determine the relative strength of a substance by comparing its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation.
ground ice	General term used to describe all bodies of ice in the ground surface of the permafrost layer
transport	One of three distinct processes involved in erosion
ecotoxicity	Being poisonous or harmful to plants or animals in some degree.
sleet	precipitation which is a mixture of rain and ice.
herbicide	Chemicals used to control undesirable weeds and plants in agricultural, residential, and water environments.
infiltration	The absorption and downward movement of water into the soil layer.
forb	A tap-rooted herbaceous (non-woody) plant
boiling point	the temperature at which a liquid boils
breakwater	A hard engineering structure built in the sea which, by breaking waves, protects a harbor, anchorage, beach or shore area
game fish	a species such as trout, salmon, or bass, caught for sport.
agroforestry	Agricultural ecosystems that include trees.
hard water	water containing a high level of calcium, magnesium, and other minerals
horst fault	A fault that is produced when two reverse faults cause a block of rock to be push up.
flume	a natural or artificially made channel that diverts water.
isotope	Form of an element where the number of neutrons in its atomic nucleus is different than the number of protons.
littoral zone	area on or near the shore of a body of water.
weed	A plant growing where someone doesn't want it
berm	A barrier adjacent to a facility to intercept and deflect water and noise; can also provide visual screening.
continental margin	The area between a continent's shoreline and the beginning of the ocean floor
snowpack	A seasonal accumulation of slow-melting snow.
emission factor	The relationship between the amount of pollution produced and the amount of raw material processed
doe	United States Department of Energy
crop dusting	the application of pesticides to plants by a low-flying plane.
organoleptic inspection	description for the Greek term relating to the senses
nutrient deficiency	When a living thing lacks the vitamins and minerals it needs to survive.
vinotheque	qualified wine retailer
hail	a form of precipitation which forms into balls or lumps of ice over 0.2 inch in diameter
drainage wind	A wind common to mountainous regions that involves heavy cold air flowing along the ground from high to low elevations because of gravity
greenhouse effect	The normal process by which heat is kept in the atmosphere
negative feedback	Change in the state of a system that counteracts the measured effect of the initial alteration.
normal lapse rate	Average rate of air temperature change with altitude in the troposphere
protected area	The World Conservation Union (IUCN) defines a protected area as an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.
ocean basin	Part of the Earth's outer surface that is comprised of the ocean floor, mid-oceanic ridges, continental rise, and continental slope
asexual reproduction	A method of reproduction in which genetically identical offspring are produced from a single parent; occurs by many mechanisms, including fission, budding, and fragmentation.
aquatic	Relating to water.
tailings pond	An excavated or diked area that is intended to contain liquid and solid wastes from mining and milling operations.
drought	although there is no universally accepted definition of drought, it is generally the term applied to periods of less than average precipitation over a certain period of time
isostatic or isostasy	Isostasy refers to the way in which the lithosphere and mantle respond visco-elastically to changes in surface loads
wellfield	area containing one or more wells that produce usable amounts of water or oil.
sanitary sewers	underground pipes that carry off only domestic or industrial waste, not storm water.
injection zone	a geological formation receiving fluids through a well.
reflected wave	A water wave that reflects off the shore or another obstacle and is redirected towards the sea or lake.
chemosynthesis	Process in which specific autotrophic organisms extract inorganic compounds from their environment and convert them into organic nutrient compounds without the use of sunlight
sedge	Grass-like plant that is adapted to grow in moist habitats.
vanilla	sweet and spicy aroma and taste impression
consolidated formation	naturally occurring geologic formations that have been lithified (turned to stone)
contaminant	Any substance or material in a system (the environment, the human body, food, etc.) where it is not normally found; or, a substance in a system where it is naturally occurring , but found in an unusually high concentration.
flue gas	The air coming out of a chimney after combustion in the burner it is venting
essence	concentrate
macronutrient	Nutritional element required by an organism in relatively large quantities.
kettle hole	Depression found in glacial deposits
sustainable communities	communities capable of maintaining their present levels of growth without damaging effects.
opulent	tasting impression
fan or bush	branch
anthropogenic effects	Anthropogenic effects are those processes, objects, or materials that are derived from human activities, as opposed to those occurring in natural environments without human influences
reverse osmosis	a process used to concentrate must
pasture cropping	Growing crops by drilling grain crops into pasture
water quality criteria	scientifically derived ambient limits developed and updated by EPA, under section 304(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act, for specific pollutants of concern
gross sediment transport	The total amount of sediment transported along a shoreline in a specific time period.
land surface air temperature	The surface air temperature as measured in well-ventilated screens over land at 1.5 m above the ground.
independent variable	Variable in a statistical test that is thought to be controlling through cause and effect the value of observations in another dependent variable modeled in the test.
fuelwood	the round, split, or sawed wood of general refuse material, which is cut into short lengths for burning as fuel.
honifogl	name of a single-vineyard
aogcm	See climate model.
closed talik	Is a form of localized unfrozen ground (talik) in an area of permafrost
edge cities	cities bounded by water, usually with eroding or polluted waterfront areas.
winter	Season between fall and spring
tide gauge	A device at a coastal location (and some deep-sea locations) that continuously measures the level of the sea with respect to the adjacent land
podzolization	Soil forming process that produces a strongly leached soil with a distinctive iron hardpan layer in the B horizon
bioaccumulation	Bioaccumulation is the process by which chemicals concentrate in an organism
lag time	the time from the center of a unit storm to the peak discharge or center of volume of the corresponding unit hydrograph.
aperitif	drink prior to the food
total extract	the total of all non-volative solids in the wine,
pacific high	High pressure system that develops over the central Pacific Ocean near the Hawaiian Islands
climate	the total of all weather-related elements
meteorological	Pertaining to the weather.
regional metamorphism	Large scale metamorphic modification of existing rock through the heat and pressure of plutons created at tectonic zones of subduction.
biocatalyst	An enzyme that activates or speeds up a chemical reaction.Source: Specialized encyclopedia and dictionaries.
recumbent fold	A fold in which the axial plane is almost horizontal.
cold desert	Desert found in the high latitudes and at high altitudes where precipitation is low
species	Reproductively isolated population that shares a common gene pool and a common niche
upwelling	The movement of nutrient-rich deep seawater to the ocean's surface.
gis	geographic information system, a computer-assisted method for organizing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data.
little ice age	An interval between approximately AD 1400 and 1900 when temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere were generally colder than today's, especially in Europe.
speaker	the leader of the House of Representatives, who controls debate and the order of discussion; chosen by vote of the majority party.
turbid	thick or opaque with matter in suspension
sensible heat flux	The flux of heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere that is not associated with phase changes of water; a component of the surface energy budget.
cirque	Glacially eroded rock basin found on mountains
tailrace	The channel that is downstream of the draft tube that carries the water discharged from a turbine
sustainable development	Development that meets the cultural, social, political and economic needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
conveyance loss	water loss in pipes, channels, conduits, and ditches by leakage or evaporation.
leed	Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design; an internationally-recognized green building certification system developed by the U.S
graupel	A type of precipitation that consists of a snow crystal and a raindrop frozen together
sial layer	The part of the crust that forms the continents and is composed of relatively light, granitic rocks.
trash	Material considered worthless, unnecessary or offensive that is thrown away
roter traminer	the most common of the aromatic Traminer varieties
potential energy	Is the energy that a body possesses by virtue of its position and that is potentially transformable into another form of energy.
environmental kuznets curve	This is a hypothesised inverted ‘U' shaped relationship between a measure of inequality in the distribution of income (e.g
breast cancer	Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts, tubes that carry milk to the nipple, and/or lobules, glands that make milk.
wetland	area that is regularly wet or flooded and has a water table that stands at or above the land surface for at least part of the year, such as a bog, pond, fen, estuary, or marsh.
public hearing	A formal meeting wherein governmental environmental officials hear the public's views and concerns about an action or proposal.
system state	Current value of a system's elements, attributes, and/or relationships.
standard bordeaux bottle	shape of the typical Bordeaux wine bottle
hydrocarbons	Chemical compounds that consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen.
eccentricity	Geometric shape of the Earth's orbit
upwelling region	A region of an ocean where cold, typically nutrient-rich waters from the bottom of the ocean surface.
pricked	wine fault
supply	a schedule that shows the various quantities of things offered for sale at various prices at a point in time
law	an act or bill which has become part of the legal code through passage by Congress and approval by the President (or via Congressional override).
quicksilver water	a solution of mercury nitrate used in gilding.
rangeland	Land-use type that supplies vegetation for consumption by grazing and browsing animals
grüner sylvaner	white wine variety in Austria
organism abundance and condition	that portion of an Index of Biotic Integrity that is a metric measuring species abundance and condition, including proportion of individuals as hybrids and proportion of individuals with disease, tumors, physical damage, or physical anomalies.
breccia	Coarse grained sedimentary rock composed of cemented angular rock fragments.
global surface temperature	The global surface temperature is an estimate of the global mean surface air temperature
levelized cost price	The unique price of the outputs of a project that makes the present value of the revenues (benefits) equal to the present value of the costs over the lifetime of the project
small circle	A circle on the globe's surface that does not bisect the center of the Earth
rest-tolerant grasses	Perennial grasses able to thrive under rest in very brittle areas
signs of death	those manifestations of death by which its presence may be detected in the body
quaternary	The period of geological time following the Tertiary (65 Ma to 1.8 Ma)
kinetic energy	The energy due to motion.
ozone	A strong smelling, pale blue, reactive toxic chemical gas consisting of three oxygen atoms
hot air	A situation in which emissions (of a country, sector, company or facility) are well below a target due to the target being above emissions that materialized under the normal course of events (i.e
mortality	The death rate; the ratio of the number of deaths per year to a given population.
predation	Biological interaction between species where a predator species consumes a prey species.
specific heat	the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of a substance (water) by 1 degree Celsius.
thrust fault	A geologic fault where the hanging wall is forced over the foot wall.
outer core	Outer region of the Earth's core
collector well	a well located near a surface water supply used to lower the water table and thereby induce infiltration of surface water through the bed of the water body to the well.
gyropalette	girosol, a square steel crate
calving	The loss of glacier mass when ice breaks off into a large water body like an ocean or a lake.
rider	usually unrelated provisions tacked onto an existing Congressional bill
metamorphic rock	A rock that forms from the recrystallization of igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks through pressure increase, temperature rise, or chemical alteration.
selective logging	Cutting only some trees in a forest
toxic emissions	poisonous chemicals discharged to air, water, or land.
diversity	See Species Diversity.
predator	Consumer organism who feeds on prey
amniocentesis	A method of prenatal testing in which amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the uterus through a needle
environment	The air, water, soil, minerals, organisms, and all other factors surrounding and affecting an organism.
sheet flow	See overland flow.
divide	The topographic ridge that separates drainage basins.
cfcs	Any of a number of substances consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
heterosphere	The upper layer in a two part classification of the atmosphere based on the general homogeneity of chemical composition
endangered species	A species of plant or animal in danger of extinction, typically as a consequence of human activities.
biodiesel	fuel that is derived from vegetable sources (like soybean oil); refers to a vegetable oil or fat-based fuel typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g
helical flow	Movement of water within a stream that occurs as spiral flows.
welschriesling	white wine variety
carbonic acid	An acid that forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water
medical waste	Any municipal solid waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunisation of human beings or animals.
continental rise	Thick layers of sediment found between the continental slope the ocean floor.
stand level	the level of forest management at which a relatively homogeneous land unit can be managed under a single prescription or set of treatments, to meet well-defined objectives (typically less than 100 ha in size).
subsistence farming	Farming whose products provide basic family needs with little surplus for marketing.
brut	dry
sick building syndrome	a human health condition where infections linger, caused by exposure to contaminants within a building as a result of poor ventilation.
aluminum	A silvery-white metal; its the most abundant in the Earth's crust.
north atlantic oscillation	The North Atlantic Oscillation consists of opposing variations of barometric pressure near Iceland and near the Azores
mutation	a change in the key substances of the vine
ecosystem management	a concept of natural resources management wherein human activities are considered within the context of economic, ecological, and social interactions within a defined area or region over both the short and long term
ozone	Tri-atomic oxygen that exists in the Earth's atmosphere as a gas
ice field	Large level area of glacial ice found covering a large expanse of land
sustainable	pertaining to a system that maintains its own viability by using techniques that allow for continual reuse
segment	a water body or portion of a water body that is individually defined and classified
geodesy	The science that measures the surface features of the Earth.
c-o-s	Roman form of wine tasting
forebay	the water behind a dam.
phenols	large, important group of highly reactive chemical and organic compounds
livestock unit	(LU) A standard unit to describe livestock numbers of various species as a single figure that expresses the total amount of livestock present
secondary aerosols	aerosols formed by the interaction of two or more gas molecules and/or primary aerosols.
arms control	coordinated action based on agreements to limit, regulate, or reduce weapon systems by the parties involved.
nonsymbiotic mutualism	Mutualistic interaction where the mutualists live independent lives yet cannot survive without each other
visibility	The distance that atmospheric conditions allow a person to see at a given time and location
human-land tradition	Academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates human interactions with the environment.
saturation	Atmospheric condition where water is changing its phase to liquid or solid
bentonite	form of clay
continental divide	The elevated area that occurs on a continent that divides continental scale drainage basins.
niche	Adaptive role that a species has in a habitat
key species	species that are targeted for instream flow assessment or more generally taxa of interest; may include lotic-adapted species, imperiled species, sport fishes, or other species related to study objectives.
virus	The smallest form of micro-organisms capable of causing disease.
waterlogging	saturation of soil with irrigation water so the water table rises close to the surface.
shield	A large stable area of exposed very old (more than 600 million years) igneous and metamorphic rock found on continents
pleasant	tasting impression
amendment	a change or addition to an existing law or rule.
rwb	Rennomierte Weingüter Burgenland
isostatic depression	Large scale sinking of the crust into the asthenosphere because of an increase in weight on the crustal surface
hurricane	An intense cyclonic storm consisting of an organized mass of thunderstorms that develops over the warm oceans of the tropics
public workshop	A workshop held by a public agency for the purpose of informing the public and obtaining its input on the development of a regulatory action or control measure by that agency.
la niña	Condition opposite of an El Ni隳