Glossary extracted starting with manual seeds, with PTM for the domain psy and language EN

neutrophils	The most abundant type of white blood cells
poisoning	The condition produced by poison
catharsis	The healthful (therapeutic) release of ideas through “talking out” conscious material accompanied by an appropriate emotional reaction
unsteady gait	crooked, meandering, and uncoordinated walk, typical of alcohol-impaired people.
first score instrument	An instrument that predicts survival of patients with cancer who are receiving radiation therapy as the sole treatment.
pooled estimate	Estimate based on combining data from 2 or more samples.
empirical	Based on concrete experiences or observations, as opposed to purely theoretical conjecture: not to be confused with 'empiricism', a branch of philosophy that considers experiences or observations as the only true source of knowledge
empirical	relying on observation or experience rather than theoretical principles or theory.
silo effect	One of the main reasons for considering narrower viewpoints in conducting an economic analysis is to assess the impact of change on the main budget holders because budgets may need to be adjusted before a new intervention can be adopted (the silo effect).
survey	Observational study that focuses on obtaining information about activities, beliefs, preferences, knowledge, or attitudes from respondents through interviewer-administered or self-administered methods.
quality of life	An individual or group’s general well-being.
point estimate	The single value that best represents the value of the population parameter.
lateral ventricles	Naturally occurring cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid
mini-mental status examination	A brief 30-point test that is used to screen for cognitive impairment.
apparatus	and an imaginary
calman gap	The gap between the patient’s hopes and expectations and what the patient actually experiences.
treatment threshold	Probability above which a clinician would consider a diagnosis confirmed and would stop testing and initiate treatment
impulse control disorders	Failing to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform some act that is harmful to oneself or to others
androgyny	A combination of male and female characteristics in one person.
kleptomania	Intense urge to steal
complex	A group of associated ideas having a common, strong emotional tone
risk	A measure of the association between exposure and outcome (including incidence, adverse effects, or toxicity)
alogia	Deficiency in the amount or content of speech, a disturbance often seen in people with schizophrenia
motivational interviewing	A client-centred but semi-directive therapeutic style that works to enhance clients' intrinsic motivations to change
osteomyelitis	Inflammation of the bone that is almost always due to infection (bacterial or mycobacterial) and frequently associated with overlying soft tissue infections such as diabetic foot ulcers.
goodell sign	Softening of the cervix on bimanual examination
harm	1
pico	A method for answering clinical questions.
anniversary reaction	An emotional response to a previous event occurring at the same time of year
i2 statistic	The I2 statistic is a test of heterogeneity
disabled persons	People with impairments in body function or structure.
ice	slang term for smokeable methamphetamine
mortality	Measure of rate of death.
random	Governed by a formal chance process in which the occurrence of previous events is of no value in predicting future events
orthotopic liver transplantation	A type of transplantation in which the native liver is removed and the new liver is placed in the same anatomical location
echolalia	Parrot-like repetition of overheard words or fragments of speech
peak expiratory flow rate	Also known as peak flow value; A measurement of the maximum speed with which a person can blow air out of their lungs
tourette syndrome	A neurological disorder involving vocal and movement tics where where uncontrollable movements or verbal utterances are made.
barrel chest sign	The anterior-posterior dimension of the chest increases in relation to the lateral dimensions, giving the shape of a barrel
substance abuse treatment system	a broad array of services organized into programs intended to treat substance use disorders
catatonic immobility	Disturbance of motor behavior in which the person remains motionless, sometimes in an awkward posture, for extended periods.
token economy	Social learning behavior modification system in which individuals earn items they can exchange for desired rewards by displaying appropriate behaviors.
length time bias	Occurs when patients whose disease is discovered by screening also may appear to do better, or live longer, than people whose disease presents clinically with symptoms
unshared environments	Term indicating that even identical twins living in the same home may have different prenatal and family experiences.
dissociative identity disorder	A neurotic mental disorder where a person's field of consciousness is limited in order to fulfill an unconscious goal
emotional exhaustion	Feelings of being overextended and depleted of one’s emotional and physical resources.
narrative inquiry	Narrative inquiry is a means by which we systematically gather, analyse, and represent people's stories as told by them, which challenges traditional and modernist views of truth, reality, knowledge and personhood.
visual field	The entire amount of space a patient can see without moving his or her eyes
brachytherapy	A type of radiotherapy in which the source of radiation is placed (or implanted) in or close to the area being treated.
intensity-modulated radiotherapy	The ability to vary the radiation dose administered during a treatment session so that higher radiation doses can be administered to the target, sparing normal spinal and paraspinal tissues.
stopping rules	These are methodological and statistical guides that inform decisions to stop trials early
gastrostomy	A surgical opening into the stomach, usually created to enable liquid artificial nutrition via a percutaneous tube, frequently referred to as tube feedings
parasomnia	Disorder of arousal, partial arousal, or sleep stage transition such as sleepwalking
hierarchy of evidence	A system of classifying and organizing types of evidence, typically for questions of treatment and prevention
peptic ulcer disease	Peptic ulcer disease refers to duodenal or gastric ulceration.
brief psychotherapy	Any form of psycbotberapy whose end point is defined either in terms of the number of sessions (generally not more than 15) or in terms of specified objectives; usually goal-oriented, circumscribed, active, focused, and directed toward a specific problem or symptom.
tangentiality	Characteristic of the loose cognitive and verbal associations seen in schizophrenia in which the person fails to answer questions and quickly moves the conversation to unrelated topics.
conscious	The content of one's own mind or mental functioning of which one is aware.
open-ended questions	Questions that offer no specific structure for the respondent's answers and allow the respondents to answer in their own words.
delusions	Inappropriate or irrational beliefs.
traube space	Traube space is an anatomic region defined by the sixth rib superiorly, the anterior border of the spleen, and the costal margin inferiorly
nutritional deficiency	Any deficiency of the nutrients that are required to sustain human life
system	an organization of a number of different treatment programs and related services in order to implement a specific mission and common goals.
median survival	Length of time that one-half of the study population survives.
meta-regression analysis	When summarizing patient or design characteristics at the individual trial level, meta-analysts risk failing to detect genuine relationships between these characteristics and the size of treatment effect
chromosome	Self-replicating structures in the nucleus of a cell that carry the genetic information.
psychotropic medication	a drug that has an effect on the mind and sometimes affects behavior as well.
uppers	slang term used to describe drugs that have a stimulating effect on the central nervous system
decision analysis	A systematic approach to decision making under conditions of uncertainty
disorganized speech	Style of talking often seen in people with schizophrenia, involving incoherence and a lack of typical logic patterns.
nottingham prognostic index	A tool used to determine prognosis after surgery for breast cancer.
cognitive	pertaining to the mind's capacity to understand concepts and ideas.
scopophilia	- pleasure in viewing.
dignity therapy	In dignity therapy, patients dying of any cause and thought to be within the last 6 months of life are asked to speak on tape about various aspects of life they would most want permanently recorded and ultimately remembered
toxicity	poisonous nature; poisonous quality.
reliability	Reliability is used as a technical statistical term that refers to a measurement instrument's ability to differentiate between subjects, patients, or participants in some underlying trait
leukocyte count	White blood cell count.
survival curve	A curve that starts at 100% of the study population and shows the percentage of the population still surviving (or free of disease or some other outcome) at successive times for as long as information is available.
negative effect	As clinical studies accumulate, it is more common for effects to shrink than to increase
huntington's disease	Inherited disease causing progressive mental deterioration.
deficit	in the context of substance abuse treatment, disability, or inability to function fully.
transference	The process of transferring to and repeating early patterns of behaviour with present day partners
primary studies	Studies that collect original data
mindfulness meditation	A process of developing careful attention to minute shifts in body, mind, emotions, and environs while holding a kind, nonjudgmental attitude toward self and others.
cohen's d	A commonly used effect size measure, indicating the amount of difference between two groups relative to 'background' variation: a d of .2 can be considered 'small', a d of .5 'medium,' and a d of .8 'large'
atelectasis	Loss of air in all or part of the lung (collapse).
arthralgia	Joint pain.
abstinence	Foregoing some kind of gratification; in the area of alcohol or drug dependence, being without the substance on which the subject had been dependent.
art therapy	A form of psychotherapeutic practice that use such media as paintings, drawing, crayons and clay for therapeutic purposes
genotype	The genetic constitution of an individual, either overall or at a specific gene.
hypothesis	A tentative explanation of certain observations or facts
smoking	The smoking of cigarettes
novalis shaped beam surgery	See stereotactic radiotherapy.
theory	Theory consists of concepts and their relationships.
standard deviation	A measure of the spread of a set of data, larger standard deviations meaning that the scores are more dispersed
hepatitis	an inflammation of the liver, with accompanying liver cell damage and risk of death
agitation	a restless inability to keep still
anhedonia	Inability to experience pleasure, associated with some mood and schizophrenic disorders.
generalizability	The degree to which the results of a study can be generalized to settings or samples other than the ones studied.
cultural diversity	Variety of human cultures in a specific setting or region or in the world as a whole.
identity crisis	A loss of the sense of the sameness and historical continuity of one’s self and an inability to accept or adopt the role one perceives as being expected by society
frankel grading system	A useful system for functional assessment of the spinal cord that consists of 5 grades: (A) complete paraplegia, (B) only sensory function, (C) nonambulation, (D) ambulation, and (E) no neurologic symptoms or signs.
dysuria	Painful urination.
phenomena	that is, the mental construction of cognition out of raw sensory data
abnormal behavior	Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful
clinically significant improvement	Movement from within the range of scores for a clinical population to the range of scores for a non-clinical population
ribosome	The protein synthesis machinery of a cell where messenger RNA translation occurs.
myalgia	Muscle discomfort.
pulmonary edema	Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
vitreous detachment	Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) involves separation of the posterior vitreous from the retina as a result of vitreous degeneration and shrinkage.
psychological mindedness	A person's ability to understand people and their problems in psychological terms
mobility limitation	Impaired ability to move around by one’s self.
infectious	able to spread by an agent such as a virus or bacterium.
congruence	Being freely and deeply oneself in a relationship, with one's experiences accurately represented in awareness
cross-sectional study	The observation of a defined population at a single point in time or during a specific time interval
component study	Studies which look at the efficacy of particular aspects of therapeutic practice: 'additive' designs look at the effect of adding a particular practice, while 'dismantling' designs look at the effect of taking away a particular practice
retinal perforation	A tear or opening in the retina.
empathy	Insightful awareness, including the meaning and significance of the feelings, emotions, and behavior of another person
pineal gland	a small almond-shaped gland in the brain responsible for hormone production; melatonin is produced in the pineal gland.
algorithm	An explicit description of an ordered sequence of steps with branching logic that can be applied under specific clinical circumstances
pyelonephritis	Bacterial or fungal invasion of the kidney causing tubular cell necrosis and inflammation of both the parenchyma and the lining of its renal pelvis
circumcision	The cutting off of the foreskin of males as a sanitary measure in modern surgery or as a religious rite.
synovial fluid	Fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.
stomach neoplasms	An abnormal mass of stomach tissue, including both benign gastric tumors (eg, MALTomas) and cancers.
masturbation training	A treatment approach in which women (or men) are encouraged to learn about their bodies and relax to the point that they can experience orgasm
intervention	encompasses the specific treatment strategies, therapies, or techniques that are used to treat one or more disorders.
pre-processed	A process whereby someone has reviewed the literature and chosen only the methodologically strongest studies.
psychological disorders	Any condition that affects ones mind
time-series design	In this study design, data are collected at several times both before and after the intervention; data collected before the intervention allow the underlying trend and cyclical (seasonal) effects to be estimated
concrete thinking	Thinking characterized by immediate experience, rather than abstractions
cartesian mind or attitude	Follows a fundamental belief associated with the philosophy of René Descartes (1596-1650)
medical subject headings	The U.S
psychosurgery	Biological treatment involving neurosurgery, such as lobotomy, for a psychological disorder
suicide	Taking one's own life or attempting to do so.
review	A general term for all attempts to obtain and synthesize the results and conclusions of two or more publications on a given topic.
cyberknife	See stereotactic radiosurgery.
linkage	The tendency of genes or other DNA sequences at specific loci to be inherited together as a consequence of their physical proximity on a single chromosome.
echopraxia	The involuntary imitation of the movement of another person.
avolition	Apathy, or the inability to initiate or persist in important activities.
mean	The mathematic average of a set of scores, calculated by summing the scores and dividing by the number of scores
acting out	Expressions of unconscious emotional conflicts or feelings in actions rather than words
correlation coefficient	A numerical expression of the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables, which can take values from –1.0 (perfect negative relationship) to 0 (no relationship) to 1.0 (perfect positive relationship).
hallucinations	Incorrect perception of any of the senses.
stigma	a negative association attached to some activity or condition
suicide	Death from injury, poisoning, or suffocation where there is evidence that a self-inflicted act led to the person's death.
dominate	In economic evaluation, if the intervention of interest is both more effective and less costly than the control strategy, it is said to dominate the alternative.
teach-back method	A technique to assess understanding in which the patients or family members are asked to restate what was just discussed.
phase iv studies	Studies conducted after the effectiveness of a drug has been established and the drug marketed, typically to establish the frequency of uncommon or unanticipated toxic effects.
construct validity	A construct is a theoretically derived notion of the domain(s) we wish to measure
drug abuse	Addiction to any of various illicit drugs.
hispanic americans	Persons of Latin American or Spanish descent living in the United States.
stereotactic radiosurgery	A treatment that focuses radiation to the shape of the tumor and results in minimal damage to surrounding tissue.
pulsus paradoxus	An exaggeration of the normal inspiratory decrease in blood pressure.
paradigms	but much larger
biological clock	part of your body's circadian rhythm that runs according to a 24-hour cycle; normally your biological clock is synchronized with the natural world and keenly stimulated to sleepiness or wakefulness by visual light/dark cues.
stakeholders	Entities, including organizations, groups and individuals, which are affected by and contribute to decisions, consultations and policies.
rome criteria	A series of proposed combinations of findings used to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome
phenotype	The observable characteristics of a cell or organism, usually being the result of the product coded by a gene (genotype).
opinion leaders	See Local opinion leaders.
feedback	Information provided to a person, from an external source, about the person's behaviour or the effects of that behaviour
rehabilitation	A set of actions designed to restore, following disease or injury, the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner
brain conditions	Medical conditions that affect the brain
blocking	A sudden obstruction or interruption in spontaneous flow of thinking or speaking, perceived as an absence or deprivation of thought.
waddell nonorganic signs	Physical examination signs that are often used to assess for nonorganic or psychological components of back pain
liver transplantation	The surgical replacement of a patient’s diseased liver with a donor’s healthy liver, followed by systemic immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the allograft
agitation	Excessive motor activity, usually nonpurposeful and associated with internal tension
educational outreach visits	See Academic detailing.
mi	see motivational interviewing
bonding	The unity of two people whose identities are significantly affected by their mutual interactions
mediating variable	A factor that accounts for the relationship between two variables
genome	The entire collection of genetic information (or genes) that an organism possesses.
conceptual framework	An organization of interrelated ideas or concepts that provides a system of relationships between those ideas or concepts.
fetishizing	) for both narrative cinema and the spectator-text relation
ethnic groups	Groups of people classified according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background.
structured abstracts	These abstracts often include critical information about research conduct omitted from the original reports
correlation	The magnitude of the relationship between two different variables or phenomena.
cross-product ratio	A ratio of the odds of an event in an exposed group to the odds of the same event in a group that is not exposed.
validity	In health status measurement terms, validity is the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
personality disorders	Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into the individual's personality
standards	Authoritative statements of minimal levels of acceptable performance or results, excellent levels of performance or results, or the range of acceptable performance or results.
panic attacks	paradigm - The highest, most general level in a hierarchy of scientific intellectual structures
corollary orders	Orders that are needed to detect or ameliorate adverse reactions.
historiography	A qualitative research methodology concerned with understanding both historical events and approaches to the writing of historical narratives.
neurotoxins	Proteins that have harmful effects on the nervous system.
cognitive	Refers to the mental process of comprehension, judgment, memory, and reasoning, in contrast to emotional and volitional processes
correlation	The degree of association between two variables, ranging from 1 (total positive association) to -1 (total negative association), with 0 indicating no relationship between the two variables
phase advance	The shift of sleep or wake to an earlier position in the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle
self-care	Personal health maintenance.
functional	pertaining to a person's ability to carry out tasks
utilization review	An organized procedure carried out through committees to review admissions, duration of stay, and professional services provided, and to evaluate the necessity of those services and promote their most efficient use.
patient expected event rate	The probability of the occurrence of the endpoint or outcome of interest in the patient group of which the individual under consideration is representative.
psychotic symptoms	Delusions and hallucinations that may appear during depressive or manic episodes.
lupus	Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
abstinent	not using substances of abuse at any time.
signifier	to explain what happened to the spectator as he (sic) sat in the darkened theatre gazing on to the screen
continuous variable	A variable that can theoretically take any value and in practice can take a large number of values with small differences between them (eg, height)
vitreous hemorrhage	The release of blood from the blood vessels in the vitreous.
odynophagia	Pain that occurs when swallowing.
pulmonary edema	The leakage of fluid from the capillaries into the alveoli as a result of increased pressure inside the capillaries or a leaky capillary wall
dup	A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by various anomalies
relative risk reduction	The proportional reduction in risk of harmful outcomes between experimental and control participants
paranoia	Delusion that people or events conspire against you.
surrogate decision makers	Family members or others appointed to make decisions for the patient when he/she is unable to do so.
expressed emotion	Hostility, criticism, and overinvolvement demonstrated by some families toward a family member with a psychological disorder
radiotherapy	Treatment of cancer or other diseases with radiation.
effectiveness	The extent to which an intervention, when used under ordinary circumstances, brings about a desired effect
inpatient	A patient who resides at the institute in which he or she is being treated
tachycardia	A heart rate that is faster than the normal range of a resting heart rate (typically 60-100 beats per minute)
visual analogue scale	A scaling procedure consisting of a straight line anchored on each end with words or phrases that represent the extremes of some phenomenon (eg, "worst pain I have ever had" to "absolutely no pain")