1.0
The Artificial Intelligence DAG_1_3 Taxonomy created with OntoLearn Reloaded (see http://ontolearn.org)
abstraction
state
state is a function of the entire contents of its memory .
event
act
action
activity
action
activity
knowledge
communication
structure
structure is the new node .
record
a record is a set of related data values in a.
data value
node
a node is a record used to build linked data structures such as trees , linked lists , and computer-based representations of graphs .
code
value
a value is the state of an object .
knowledge domain
knowledge base
domain
knowledge base
domain
relation
source code
source
a source is a source code .
function
function
function
system
property
path
a path is a single sequence of choices that could be made by a nondeterministic machine . .
space
a space is the state of mind one is in when daydreaming .
sequence
a sequence is the primary structure of a biopolymer .
metric system
si
a si is a complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists .
state
procedure
process
process
program
a program is a mathematical space related to computer targetming . .
representation
quality
expression
directed acyclic graph
a directed acyclic graph is a tree if it satisfies the following properties : there is one and only one vertex ( ) , which no edges enter .
tree
a tree is any structure or construct having branches akin to .
neural network
a neural network is any network of neurons or nuclei that function together to perform some function in the body .
network
network is a directed acyclic graph ( ) .
methodology
method
method
quantity
measure
measure
model
framework
framework
search
search in and\ or graphs is able to take care of loops .
concept
network
segment
a segment is a straight path between two points that is the shortest distance between them .
software program
a software program is a written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read\ write memory .
value
value
technique
technology
approach
technology
approach
operator
a operator is a segment of dna regulating the activity of genes .
data
information
information
tree
instrumentality
device
care
a care is the state of being cared for by others .
path
logic
a logic is the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference .
string
a string is a database and web resource of known and predicted protein-protein interactions .
node
node
circuit
a circuit is an enclosed path of an electric current , usually designed for a certain function .
database
a database is a software program for storing , retrieving and manipulating a database ( ) .
statement
a statement is an instruction in a computer program .
algorithm
amount
structure
inquiry
a inquiry is a search for truth , information , or knowledge
philosophy
a philosophy is an inquiry into the nature of things based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods . ( ) ( ) .
directed graph
a directed graph is a graph in which the edges are ordered pairs , so that , if the edge is in the graph , the edge need not be in the graph and is distinct from if it is .
discipline
study
field of study
study
field of study
degree
a degree is the amount that an entity possesses a certain property
network
program
neural network
rule
rule is the degree of consistency for the rule .
constraint
a constraint is a path used to specify that particular function symbols must appear at particular places in a term .
feature
a feature is a concept applied to several fields of linguistics , typically involving the assignment of or unary conditions which act as constraints .
alphanumeric string
symbol
a symbol is an alphanumeric string headed by .
data structure
application
a application is a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task .
connected network
first-order logic
first-order logic refers to first-order predicate calculus wherein facts may be expressed as a combination of a functor and an argument .
equation
a equation is a state of being essentially equal or equivalent .
vector
ability
instruction
instruction
construct
a construct is a concept or model .
graph
a graph is a construct that consists of many nodes connected with edges .
graph
graph
statement
environment
a environment is an affine an equation that can be written in terms of matrix-vector multiplication and vector addition . .
affine
a affine is an equation that can be written in terms of matrix-vector multiplication and vector addition . .
variable
a variable is a symbol that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity .
directed acyclic graph
distribution
a distribution is a probability distribution
assertion
a assertion is a statement in a program asserting a condition expected to be true at a particular point , used in debugging .
sequence
succession
equation
constraint
theorem
in mathematics , a theorem is a statement that has been proven on the basis of previously established statements , such as other theorems , and previously accepted statements , such as axioms .
context
a context is the relevant constraints of the communicative situation that influence language use , language variation and discourse .
path
line
a line is a path through two or more points
theory
partitioned semantic network
notation
a notation is a system of characters , symbols , or abbreviated expressions used in an art or science or in mathematics or logic to express technical facts or quantities .
first-order predicate calculus
evaluation
a evaluation is a determination of the value of a variable or expression .
selection
a selection is an operator that takes a relation and returns a new relation on the same attributes , with only those rows satisfying a given boolean expression
probability distribution
a probability distribution is a graph , table , or formula that gives the probability for each value of the random variable .
phenomenon
development
a development is a state in which things are improving .
machine learning
machine learning is a branch of computer science that is concerned with designing systems that can learn from the provided input .
logic
integer
in computer science , the term integer is used to refer to a data type which represents some finite subset of the mathematical integers .
determination
a determination is the state of decision
network
digraph
a digraph is a directed graph .
inference
a inference is a reasoning process by which a new premise is derived from one or more given premises .
reasoning process
care
sample space
character
in mathematics , a character is a special kind of function from a group to a field .
essence
a essence is a significant feature of something .
principle
a principle is a fundamental essence , particularly one producing a given quality .
principle
sentence
sentence is a theorem .
curve
a curve is a line on a graph representing data .
sentence
operator
support vector machine
support vector machine is a kind of neural network that optimally classifies measured data based on kernel method which is very popular in neural network technologies .
neural network expressiveness
feed-forward neural network
boltzmann machine
boltzmann machine is a neural network whose units ( ) have stochastic input-output functions .
associative memory
associative memory is a major class of neural networks with a wide range of applications , such as content-addressable memory and pattern recognition .
multilayer network
a multilayer network is a kind of neural network which consists of one or the multilayer network is the basis for backpropagation network .
recurrent neural network
a recurrent neural network is a neural network where the connections between the units form a directed cycle .
connectionism
connectionism is the study of artificial neural networks .
neural network efficiency
multilayer neural network
neuron
a neuron is a see neural network , also mcculloch-pitts .
length
in phonetics , length or quantity is a feature of sounds that are distinctively longer than other sounds .
disjunction
a disjunction is a logical operator that results in true when some of its operands are true .
tree
decision-making method
calculus
a calculus is a decision-making method , especially one appropriate for a specialised realm .
markov chain
a markov chain is a special sort of belief network used to represent sequences of values , such as the sequence of states in a dynamic system or the sequence of .
grammar
grammar is the structure of that language : the way it 's used , and the conventions that help us understand what is meant from the context .
classification
a classification is an association of an input vector with a particular target vector . .
application
belief network
a belief network is a directed acyclic graph containing a set of nodes , a set of arcs and a probabilistic inference in a belief network is the task of computing a.
computer program
a computer program is the expression of an algorithm in a particular programming language .
computer program
reasoning
a reasoning is the act of using inference to lead to a conclusion based on existing knowledge and\ or data . .
science
environment
process of breaking
analysis
a analysis is a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits .
analysis
analysis
formula
a formula is a conventionalized statement expressing some fundamental principle .
probability
a probability is the state of being probable
belief
a belief is the quality or state of believing .
first-order logic semantics
horn logic
horn logic is a certain subset of first-order logic ( ) , namely the subset that results when only horn formulas are used .
first-order probabilistic logic
first-order probabilistic logic is a first-order logic that associates a real-valued parameter to every predicate .
database
probabilistic first-order logic
architecture
a architecture is the structure and organization of a computer 's hardware or system software , or of the communication services , hardware , and software supporting a network . .
finite state machine
a finite state machine is a digital circuit whose output is dependent not only on nevertheless , the concept of finite state machine is useful in software design as .
latent perceptron
constraint
perceptron
a perceptron is a network of such elements .
network of relation
multiply connected network
sensor network
a sensor network is a network that is composed of a collection of sensor node ( ) , normally , a sensor network is used to do a certain task such .
singly connected network
dynamic decision network
conceptual graph
a conceptual graph is a semantic network where graph nodes represent concepts and graph edges represent semantic relations .
multi-agent system
multi-agent system is a loosely connected network of intelligent , which are fundamental element of multi-agent system is an intelligent agent .
semantic network
a semantic network is a network which has been built ( ) to represent the semantic relations among words to derive .
adaptive network
an adaptive network is network of nodes and directional links .
hopfield network
hopfield network is a dynamic network , which iterates to converge from an the fully connected hopfield network is shown in following figure .
checking
checking is a web application developed by optimyth intended for monitoring the quality of software development process and its results , that covers the needs of organizations that want to control software quality before it is put into production .
generalization
in mathematical logic , generalization is an inference rule of predicate calculus .
i-dt decision tree
decision tree expressiveness
emergent property
an emergent property is an unexpected collective phenomenon that arises from a system consisting of interacting parts .
operation
a operation is the state of being in effect or being operative .
first-order logic
intelligence
intelligence is an emergent property .
intelligence
first-order predicate calculus
inference rule
inference rule refers to intelligence that ties concepts together .
predicate calculus
a predicate calculus is the branch of logic that deals with quantified statements such as `` there exists an x such that ... '' or `` for any x , it is the case that ... '' , where x is a member of the domain of discourse .
being
a being is the state or fact of existing .
application domain
a application domain is an isolated context , with its own virtual address space , in which an application runs , analogous to a process in an operating system .
grammar induction
grammar induction is a subset of inductive logic programming ( ) , and as such , have primarily depended on ilp techniques .
eigenvalue
eigenvalue is a function , right .
morphological context
phonological context
philosophy
process of making
philosophy
partially observable markov decision problem
markov decision problem
a markov decision problem is a markov chain with the addition of an action model and a performance criterion .
hidden markov model
a hidden markov model is a markov chain for which the state is only .
inductive learning
inductive learning is a form of supervised learning in which a system tries to .
predicate
a predicate is an operator or function that returns either true or false .
language
attribute
a attribute is a characteristic or quality of a thing .
map
a map is a continuous function .
data type
in computer programming , a data type is a classification identifying one of various types of data , such as floating-point , integer , or boolean , that determines the possible values for that type
heuristic
a heuristic is a function that , when applied to a state , returns a number that is an in other words , the heuristic is telling us , that it thinks a solution might be .
logic
comparison
a comparison is an evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each-other .
data type
bayesian network
a bayesian network is a directed acyclic graph that represents a probability .
polynomial function
a polynomial function is any function whose value is the solution of a polynomial .
machine learning
association
a association is the state of being connected together as in memory or imagination .
ontology
a ontology is a structure of concepts or entity within a domain , organized by relationships
semantic
a semantic is a string attached to a shader .
table
mapping
a mapping is the process of making maps .
power
a power is a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself .
package
software
software system
software
software system
proposition
proposition is equivalent to the formula in question .
time
time is a polynomial function of abstraction size .
constraint
dynamic conditional random field
design
a design is a plan for the structure and functions of an artifact , building or system .
memory
a memory is the time within which past events can be or are remembered .
q-learning
q-learning is a specific kind of reinforcement learning that assigns values to state - action pairs .
person
parameter
a parameter is the value which is passed into the function to instantiate such a name
graphical model
a graphical model is a family of distributions that is restricted to be markov with respect to a certain graph .
mechanism
semantic
derivation
a derivation is a tree with each node n labeled by a type assignment q~(n ) ( ) and by a set ( ) of type assignments giving the assumptions of ~(n ) .
axiom
in traditional logic , an axiom or postulate is a proposition that is not proved or demonstrated but considered to be either self-evident , or subject to necessary decision .
equation
generation
a generation is the aggregate of the functions and phenomena which attend reproduction .
cost
a cost is a value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something .
decision tree
a decision tree is a tree in which each non-leaf node has associated with it an attribute , each leaf node has associated with it a classification , and each arc has associated with it one of the possible values of the attribute at the node where the arc is directed from .
bound
a bound is a value which is known to be greater or smaller than a given set of values .
aggregate
a aggregate is an analysis , a technique used in amortized analysis in computer science , especially in analysis of algorithm .
binary tree
a binary tree is a tree in which every node has exactly two links i. a binary tree is made of nodes , where each node contains a amp;quot .
correction
result
result is the distribution of coalition values .
mechanism
grammar formalism
grammar formalism is described as a constraint - .
plan
a plan is the internal representation or set of beliefs about how a particular goal may be achieved .
plan
influence diagram
now-a-days , an influence diagram is a bayesian network extended with utility an influence diagram is solved by computing a strategy yielding the highest .
logic programming constraint
unary constraint
a unary constraint is simply a constraint over a single variable
soft global constraint
cryptarithmetic problem
cryptarithmetic problem is an interesting constraint .
theorem
causal network
a causal network is similar to a bayesian network but : the edge x ! y exists iff x is a direct cause of y. the conditional probabilities have a.
functional dependency
a functional dependency is defined as a constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation from a database .
domain constraint
a domain constraint is a unary constraint of the form ' x in set ' where x is a real valued variable and set denotes the domain of x. the set in a domain constraint .
temporal constraint
a temporal constraint is an atomic constraint if it is a fluent literal .
binary constraint
a binary constraint is a constraint on at most two variables , and a binary constraint graph corresponds to a set of binary constraints .
disjoint subset
resolution
a resolution is the state of being resolute .
computer science
computer science is the science of computing .
array
an array is a variable containing multiple values .
robot
a robot is a mechanism that can move automatically .
subset
subset are predicates
motion
a motion is a state of change .
agent
agent is using incorrect information about the world .
incorrect information
sorting algorithm
a sorting algorithm is comparison based if it uses comparison operators to find the order between two numbers .
computer science
computation
a computation is a simulated annealing a partially random method of search and optimization usually used for combinatorial optimization problems .
anaphor predicate
guarded horn clause
service
a service is a function that is provided by one program or machine for another .
dynamic belief network
semi-supervised feature selection
context
application
temporal constraint
horn clause
a horn clause is a disjunction of literals , among which there is at most one positive a de nite horn clause is a horn clause having exactly one positive literal .
competitive ratio
competitive ratio is a performance measure designed to quantify the ability of an algorithm a will be called strongly competitive if its competitive ratio is within a.
disjunction of literal
deterministic selection
deterministic selection is a fitness-based selection , whereby an individual is so , if deterministic selection is used , in each generation , each individual can .
slowest search selection
feature selection
feature selection refers to the selection of an optimum subset of features derived from these input variables .
probability distribution
probability distribution
key word
key word is one of the slowest search selections .
heap selection
fitness-based selection
web application
a web application is an application that resides on a company 's web server , which any authorized user can access over a network , such as the world wide web .
power
belief network
first-order logic
situation
a situation is the general state of things .
research
research is the development of anytime csg algorithms .
predicate calculus
retrieval
a retrieval is the operation of accessing data , either from memory or from a storage device .
control
a control is a regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc.
selection
speedup learning
speedup learning is a branch of machine learning that studies learning mech - anisms for speeding up problem solvers based on problem solving experience .
semi-supervised learning
semi-supervised learning is a field of machine learning that studies learning from both labeled and unlabeled examples .
reinforcement learning
reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning which addresses how an autonomous agent can learn long-term successful behavior through interaction with its environment .
support vector machine
case-based reasoning
case-based reasoning ( ) is a form of machine learning that uses examples .
inductive logic programming
inductive logic programming is the subfield of machine learning that uses first or - the second motivation for using inductive logic programming is that it em - .
supervised learning
supervised learning is a kind of machine learning where the learning algorithm is provided with a set of inputs for the algorithm along with the corresponding correct outputs , and learning involves the algorithm comparing its current actual output with the correct or target outputs , so that it knows what its error is , and modify things accordingly .
unsupervised learning
unsupervised learning is a method of machine learning whereby the algorithm is presented with examples from the input space only and a model is fit to these .
explanation-based learning
explanation-based learning is a branch of machine learning in which prior knowledge of the world is integrated into the process of automatically forming new .
causal graph
a causal graph is a deterministic finite automaton ( ) where states are е equivalence classes , and transitions correspond to actions .
moving
a moving is the process of leaving one dwelling and settling in another .
paradigm
mathematics
a mathematics is a science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement .
scholarly knowledge
performance measure
performance measure was search nodes .
learning
a learning is a profound scholarly knowledge .
process of leaving
free variable
a free variable is defined as an input variable that has not yet been assigned a standard deviation .
clause
a clause is an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence .
capacity
a capacity is the power to learn or retain knowledge .
user input
decision problem
a decision problem is a partitioning of a under some desired properties .
translation
in euclidean geometry , a translation is moving every point a constant distance in a specified direction .
standardized procedure
character
deterministic finite automaton
a deterministic finite automaton is a finite state machine where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state .
markov model
a markov model is a finite state machine with probabilities governing transitions between states and controlling the emission of output symbols .
resolution
hidden markov model
character
augmented transition network
augmented transition network is a finite state machine with variables nodes transitions variables structure of a node name : unique identifier .
partitioning
a partitioning is an analysis into mutually exclusive categories .
ai
ai is a computer virus which infects .
test
a test is any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc.
planning
connection
a connection is the state of being connected .
operator
inference rule
operation
expert system
a expert system is a software program or set of software programs designed to rapidly process data without human intervention . .
size
a size is the actual state of affairs .
factorization
a factorization is the resolution of an entity into factors such that when multiplied together they give the original entity .
computer virus
a computer virus is a program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks or removable storage such as cds , usb drives , floppy disks , etc. , often causing damage to systems and data .
dynamic programming
so dynamic programming is also gradient descent ? hmm , i do n't think so , though dynamic programming is frequently used for optimization .
process of formulating
planning
operator
applicable operator
minimum proof graph
op strips operator
abstract operator
precision-recall curve
deliberate ambiguity
deliberate ambiguity is a perfectly valid operator , even simpler than that of qsf .
expansion operator
silhouette curve
a silhouette curve is a curve on the surface of the model separating the the silhouette curve is traced by stepping the parametric coordinate of the .
linking curve
thus , a linking curve is simply a curve that passes through the axes of the manipulator in order .
dropping condition
dropping condition is an genetic operator for rule learning , to avoid subsumed rules .
program synthesis
program synthesis is the systematic derivation of a program from a given a deductive approach to program synthesis is presented for the construction of .
training curve
existential quantifier
existential quantifier is a logical operator of predicate logic , written thereis , which makes it possible to express that at least one .
universal quantifier
universal quantifier is a logical operator of predicate logic , written all , which makes it possible to express that all entities in the .
theorem proving
theorem proving is the systematic derivation of a mathematical proof from a set of axioms by the use of rules of inference .
logical symbol
logical symbol is the operator # .
primitive operator
a primitive operator is an operator that may be referenced in the definition of a hierarchical operator , but whose definition is not provided within the scope of the .
refinement operator
causal graph
machine learning
arrangement
a arrangement is an organized structure for arranging or classifying .
proof graph
a proof graph is a directed acyclic graph .
web
a web is the connectivity or resources available to computer users . .
template
a template is a structure , based on slots for three semantic formulas that can themselves have dependent formulas , such that the whole structure represents a possible message .
qualitative probabilistic network
a qualitative probabilistic network is a directed acyclic graph whose nodes represent random variables and whose edges represent the dependencies between .
computing
machine learning
decomposition
a decomposition is the analysis of a vector field .
decision
a decision is a determination of future action . .
computing
task
a task is a symbolic representation of an activity .
polytree
a polytree is a directed acyclic graph with the property that ignoring the directions on edges yields a graph with no undirected cycles .
dependency analysis
a dependency analysis is an directed acyclic graph where the words correspond to nodes and depen - dencies to edges .
decision tree
dependency tree
a dependency tree is a directed acyclic graph in which all the words in a sentence are connected together by grammatical relations .
substring
a substring is a string of characters that is contained in another string , like `` ello '' in `` hello '' . precisely , a string a is a substring of b , if b = c . a . d for some strings c and d , where '' . '' is a concatenation operator , and c and d are possibly empty .
predicate
task
variable
bsp tree
a bsp tree is just a binary tree plus the partition that separates both children .
determination
derivational morphology
magnitude
a magnitude is an of a vector , the norm , most commonly , the two-norm .
formalism
a formalism is one of several alternative computational paradigms for a given theory .
determination
circuit
binary space partition
a binary space partition is a binary tree where each node corresponds to a connected region of the space ( ) and to a geometric object that bipartitions .
computational paradigm
simulated annealing
simulated annealing is a generalization of a monte carlo method for examining the equations of state and frozen states of n-body systems .
conjunction
a conjunction is the state of being joined together .
undirected graph
an undirected graph is a set of nodes ( ) together with a set of each node in an arc of an undirected graph is said to be incident with .
regulation
a regulation is the state of being controlled or governed .
bayesian network
cutset
cutset is a set of vertices s ⊆ v , such that the graph obtained by removing all even the optimal cutset is too large , we will not care about it because pearl 's .
formula
information retrieval
information retrieval is the study of ranked retrieval of data items based on a natural query .
posterior probability
in summary , the posterior probability is the probability , based on our knowledge of the values of other variables , that the respective case belongs to a particular .
predicate calculus
effect
a effect is the state of being binding and enforceable , as in a rule , policy , or law .
vertex
a vertex is a node in a graph .
input
input is an array of intensity values from the camera image .
formula
notation
search strategy
a search strategy is a specific plan for how you 'll conduct an efficient and effective search so that you uncover the most relevant information that a particular .
decision tree
data mining
data mining refers to the application of algorithms for extracting patterns from data without the additional steps of the kdd process .
digital circuit
a digital circuit is a circuit that functions on a number of different logic gates .
pattern
justification
a justification is a statement in explanation of some action or belief .
argumentation tree
fibonacci heap
fibonacci heap is a collection of many trees .
semantic tree
a semantic tree is an ordered tree with nodes labeled with relation and concept names .
epipolar line
sentence
distance
a distance is a considerable amount of space .
feedforward circuit
integer linear programming
decomposition tree
a decomposition tree is a tree whose nodes are sets and such that each node that is furthermore , it is easy to check if a decomposition tree is a proper .
state-space search
search graph
search graph is a tree the solution may not be optimal .
sigmoid belief network
a sigmoid belief network is a binary dag , with .
interaction graph
interaction graph is a tree .
link
a link is a physical connection between two nodes in a network .
bottom-up dynamic programming
bottom-up dynamic programming is a self-constructed test tree , the algorithm has exponential storage and computational complexity of o ( ) (
searching
a searching is a search
self-constructed test tree
supervised learning
feature extraction
feature extraction is a complex mathematical tree that would separate blood cells based on their physical features including the nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio , diameter and density .
minimum spanning tree
a minimum spanning tree is a spanning tree : ( ) whose weight is less than or equal to the weight of every other spanning tree .
gaussian
gaussian is a computational chemistry software program initially released in 1970 by john pople and his research group at carnegie-mellon university as gaussian 70 .
pattern
constraint graph
constraint graph is a tree .
web application
distance
spanning tree
a spanning tree is a tree with v − 1 edges , i.e. a tree that connects all the vertices .
binary heap
a binary heap is a tree with keys and associated values that satisfies the heap codition : the key of every node is greater than or equal to the key of its parent , if it .
inductive logic programming
feed-forward network
a feed-forward network is a special case of combinational circuits , with the additional feature that the intermediate variables in the network can assume non - .
metric
a metric is a function of a topological space that gives , for any two points in the space , a value equal to the distance between them .
computational chemistry software program
dialectical tree
binary dag
utility
a utility is a software program specifically designed to help manage and tune the computer hardware , operating system or application software , and perform a single task or a small range of tasks
dag
dag is a tree , otherwise we may call it dag-like for emphasis .
explanation
an explanation is a justification of the system 's beliefs .
abstraction hierarchy
an abstraction hierarchy is a tree , in which the nodes are frames and the branches the morph abstraction hierarchy is described by a set of frames and a.
assumption
a assumption is a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn .
orthogonal line
entity tree
model tree
model tree is the tree of preprocessing operators to be applied to the test \ execution data .
combinational circuit
search node
a search node is a path from state x to the start state ( ) .
access path
access path is internal to file and data path is external to it .
relaxed problem
relaxed problem is an admissible heuristic for the original problem .
process of bringing
euclidean distance
euclidean distance is an integer with bounded magnitude and precision .
electronic circuit
an electronic circuit is path made out of electronically conductive material such as metal , with electronic components on the path for controlled flow of electricity .
qualified existential restriction
computer science
condition
a condition is a logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses . the phrase can either be true or false .
natural number
in mathematics , a natural number is either a positive integer ( ) or a non-negative integer ( ) .
computer science
default reasoning
default reasoning is a method of knowledge representation and reasoning which allows one in this paper we describe why default reasoning is difficult , .
reasoning task
reasoning task is also called instance checking .
pattern matching
in computer science , pattern matching is the act of checking some sequence of tokens for the presence of the constituents of some pattern .
semantic network
shortest path
a shortest path is any path who 's path weight is equal to the shortest path weight .
computer science
priority queue
a priority queue is an abstract data type in computer programming .
kolmogorov complexity
so kolmogorov complexity is an integer defined up to a constant ! but the .
existential restriction
an existential restriction is a path to a variable node in the ed tree
condition
transit path
a transit path is a path of the robot when it is not grasping the object .
transfer path
computer science
condition
epistemic logic
epistemic logic is a modal logic used to reason about information , including have , because epistemic logic is suited to deal with situations involving more than .
root node
root node is the root of the tree .
number theory
number theory is the study of integers only .
line segment
certainty factor
a certainty factor is an integer in the range from -100 ( ) to +100 ( ) .
generalization
symbolic planning
symbolic planning is based on checking the satisfiability of formulas ( ) .
data path
content-based image retrieval
segment of discourse
instance checking
static environment
episodic environment
flow of information
a flow of information is the capacity to extract information of temporary value out of events and to distribute it widely and quickly .
virtual environment
deterministic environment
domain-specific search engine
eigenvalue
definition
definition
vacuum world
vacuum world is a simple simulation environment used to introduce some concepts in artificial intelligence ( ) , but can also be .
bounded optimality
bounded optimality is the capacity to generate maximally successful behavior given the available information and computational resources .
vacuum environment
multiattribute utility
node utility
image retrieval
image retrieval is an extension to traditional information retrieval .
autonomous driving
autonomous driving is essentially a continuous environment sensing applications producing continuous sensor data that needs to be integrated by .
simulation environment
question answering
question answering is a specialised form of information retrieval .
semidynamic environment
environment
artificial environment
normalized utility
dynamic environment
embedding
continuous environment
discrete environment
nonepisodic environment
curve
boolean function
a boolean function is a specific boolean expression .
sensor model
a sensor model is a set of values , typically held within a lookup table , which governs how the probability of an uncertain measurement taken from a particular .
conditional random field
conditional random field is a kind of logistic regression .
multiattribute utility theory
finite state machine
place
a place is a particular situation .
causal semantic
heuristic
function symbol
gradient descent
gradient descent is a search strategy used in continuous search spaces .
compositional semantic
stationary sensor model
probabilistic sensor model
heuristic
depth-first search
depth-first search is a special case of best-first search .
place
logical semantic
probability
intersective semantic
graphical model
linear input resolution
hypothesis
a hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon .
ratio
a ratio is the relative magnitudes of two quantities .
manner
a manner is a certain degree or measure
markov chain
complexity
compound statement
a compound statement is a sequence of simple statements . .
knowledge representation
a knowledge representation is the notation or formalism used for coding the knowledge to be stored in a knowledge-based system . .
interpretation semantic
probability
data type
agent-based software engineering
model-based reasoning
model-based reasoning is semantic : it relies on the construction and inspection of alternative models , where each model represents a unique state of a airs .
consequence
a consequence is a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon .
disjunction
heuristic
range
range is the longest final substring in brange that matches a word-final substring in the diction- ary .
diagram
a diagram is a graph or chart .
union
in computer science , a union is a value that may have any of several representations or formats
utility
customary method
extension
extension and reduction are sound inference rules .
boolean expression
a boolean expression is a logical statement that is either true or false .
recognition
a recognition is the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged .
manner
probability
probability
mainstay
a mainstay is a chief support .
high-level ontology
brain computational power
perceptron representational power
time
augmented transition network
target ontology
search algorithm
a search algorithm is a set of predetermined rules that control how a search engine works .
markov network
a markov network is an undirected graph g = ( ) of these random variables together with a set of functions on the spaces induced by variables underlying the .
semantic network
accurate prediction
asynchronous conversation
an asynchronous conversation is a conversation where the source program has detached itself from the conversation , but data is still being read by the target .
general ontology
general ontology is a high-level ontology which captures general features of basic contextual entities .
dominance
a dominance is the power or right to give orders or make decisions .
full power
conditional random field
reductio ad absurdum
in formal logic , the reductio ad absurdum is actually a legitimate argument , but it is often applied fallaciously .
search algorithm
cross-validation
cross-validation is a mainstay for measuring performance and progress in machine learning .
source ontology
source ontology is an ontology about the eu legislation on package travels at the next step of ontology-based query translation , the source ontology is .
neural network
mereology
mereology is a branch of formal logic that deals with the rules of how however , because mereology is a formal system of logic , in order to .
training set
a training set is a set of example characters from which a neural network learns to recognize a font during font training . .
boolean logic
a boolean logic is a see boolean algebra . ( ) .
assignment
an assignment is a mapping ~ of variables to the elements of some feature alge- bra .
operation
boolean algebra
a boolean algebra is a system of symbolic logic devised by george boole .
computer algorithm
logical syntax
logical syntax is a universal logic would be the development of ( ) an acceptable system of notation adequate for exhibiting the logically categorical form of all .
confirmation theory
confirmation theory is the study of the logic by which scientific hypotheses may be confirmed or disconfirmed ( ) by evidence .
real-time ai
time complexity
time complexity is proportional to the size of a traversed tree .
bucket sort
bucket sort is a sorting algorithm that works by inserting the elements of the sorting array intro buckets , then , each bucket is sorted individually .
recursively enumerable grammar
open planning architecture
functional programming
functional programming is based on logic and could be a basis for logic on its own .
agent architecture
good old-fashioned ai
boolean variable
a boolean variable is a place in memory where a boolean value may be stored .
closure resolution
input
percept sequence
dynamic logic
dynamic logic is a logic of actions .
real-time architecture
fastest sorting algorithm
non-monotonic logic
a non-monotonic logic is a formal logic whose consequence relation is not monotonic .
prepositional semantics logic
sequence of token
definite clause grammar
a definite clause grammar is a way of expressing grammar , either for natural or formal languages , in a logic programming language such as prolog .
sign
a sign is a character indicating a relation between quantities .
formal grammar
a formal grammar is a precisely defined grammar , typically used for computer programming languages .
combinational logic
in digital circuit theory , combinational logic is a type of digital logic which is implemented by boolean circuits , where the output is a pure function of the present input only .
heap sort
heap sort is one of the fastest sorting algorithms , rivaling such speed-demons as quicksort and mergesort .
acyclic circuit
an acyclic circuit is called combinational logic .
matrix factorization
specifically , matrix factorization is the factorization of the latent factor model of n users and m items with a sparse matrix of ratings each user .
model theory
model theory is a branch of mathematical logic where we study mathematical structures by considering the first-order sentences true in those structures and the .
polytree
sequence of word
tree-adjoining grammar
hash table
a hash table is a very fast kind of lookup table , somewhat like an alist in that it maps lookup in a hash table is extremely fast for large tables -- in fact , the time .
nonmonotonic logic
nonmonotonic logic is a branch of logic that has been developed to model situations with incomplete information .
actor architecture
prediction sequence
sensor model
notation logic
input resolution
an input resolution is a resolution in which one of the two parent clauses is an in - put clause .
backward chaining
backward chaining is a system of logic used by artificial intelligence systems .
combinatory logic
combinatory logic is a branch of mathematical logic that analyzes certain processes , such as substitution , which are associated with variables .
fuzzy logic
basically , fuzzy logic is a precise logic of in this paper , fuzzy logic is viewed in a nonstandard nontraditional view of fuzzy logic is that of precisiation .
proof of theorem
proof of theorem is based on the factorization of the assumption formula k ( ) ± 2r-1 on multipliers a and b. the checker is shown on figure 1 .
utility theory
utility theory is a branch of decision analysis that is concerned with building models to explain and guide choice behavior under uncertainty in situations in .
source language
in yii , the source language is default to the application source language while the target language is default to the application language .
generalized logic
compiler
a compiler is a program that converts another program written in one programming language into another programming language while retaining the semantics specified by the original program .
higher-order logic
higher-order logic is the logic of quantification over propositional functions , functions whose range consists of propositions .
autoepistemic logic
autoepistemic logic is a nonmonotonic logic for modeling the beliefs of an ideally rational the meaning of a formula in autoepistemic logic is context-sensitive .
prepositional logic
prepositional logic is a generalized logic that includes all possible values between 0 and 1 .
example character
semantic web
in essence , the semantic web is a place where machines can read web pages much as we humans read them , a place where search engines .
linear resolution
software agent
a software agent is a program which autonomously acts on behalf of its principal , while carrying out complex information and communication tasks that have .
linear classification
linear classification is the obvious first place to start , owing to its long history in pattern recognition and its suitability for small-sample classification .
propositional logic
propositional logic is the logic of compound statements -- statements that are made propositional logic is one main branch of what is known as symbolic logic .
multistratal grammar
algorithm resolution
default logic
default logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by raymond reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions .
evolutionary programming
evolutionary programming is a branch of ai where the principles of darwinian evolution are used to evolve a modeling process to solve a.
merge sort
merge sort is a stable sorting algorithm based on divide and conquer principle with the fundamental idea behind merge sort is merging of already sorted .
two-valued logic
two-valued logic is the basic logic utilized by humankind since the beginning of language .
language model
a language model is a kind of grammar in a speech recognition system .
terminological logic
pronoun resolution
training sequence
monotonicity of a logic
tag tree-adjoining grammar
logic of relevance
quick sort
quick sort is a well-known sorting algorithm developed by c. a. r. hoare that , on average , makes o ( ) ( ) comparisons to sort n items .
derivative
a derivative is basically a formula for finding the slope of a curve .
modal logic
modal logic is a form of logic which adds to the classical mechanisms of formal logic operators to deal with musical modes , such as major , .
prepositional syntax logic
synapse
a synapse is the connection between processing elements in a neural network . .
operation
pathfinder
pathfinder is a re-targetable query compiler that turns xquery expressions into while pathfinder is tightly coupled with monetdb we also provide a sql code .
partition
a partition is a vertical structure that divides or separates
machine learning
boolean function
node structure
data mining algorithm
predicate logic sentence
complex
a complex is a whole structure made up of interconnected or related structures .
syntactic parsing
syntactic parsing is concerned with assigning grammatical structure to sentences by computer .
machine learning
social network
a social network is a social structure made up of individuals ( ) called `` nodes '' , which are tied ( ) by one or more specific types of .
resource
a resource is a source of aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed .
incomplete information
incomplete information is the decision rule , rather than the actual decision or incomplete information is wilson ( ) .2 wilson 's concept of efficiency is defined .
arbitrary first-order sentence
lexical item
lexical item is a conceptual structure that has been built up and is being built up by its different uses in different situations .
conceptual graph
matrix
a matrix is a table of data .
subsumption architecture
until today , subsumption architecture is the basic structure for robots and applied ai , not only in those helpful little creatures whose intelligence is limited to .
domain theory
domain theory is the study of such structures .
hierarchical organization
a hierarchical organization is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization , except one , is subordinate to a single other entity .
conversation
conversation is a complex , highly context-dependent , behavioral phenomenon .
knowledge map
knowledge map is a structure of concepts with well-defined terms and to which a person believes that the knowledge map is easily understood and consistent .
software architecture
the software architecture of a system is the set of structures needed to reason about the system , which comprise software elements , relations among them , and properties of both .
tactile sensor
tactile sensor is the sandwiched structure that the cncs were inserted between .
priority queue
first-order sentence
dynamic system
dynamic system is the mathematical structure which , after introducing the system the gain of the dynamic system is the integral of the weighting function from .
logical expert system
re-targetable query compiler
problem frame
a problem frame is a template that arranges and describes phenomena in the problem space , whereas a pattern maps forces to a solution in .
signal
a signal is a bolt out of the blue
association
metalevel reasoning expert system
analytic sentence
propositional sentence
machine learning
semantic network
predicate type
a predicate type is an arbitrary boolean function supplied by the flux programmer that is applied to the node 's output .
parity function
in boolean algebra , a parity function is a boolean function whose value is 1 if the the parity function is notable for its role in theoretical investigation of circuit .
medical expert system
generalized phrase structure
machine learning
case base
a case base is a structure where the cases are stored .
algorithm template
nondeterministic polynomial time
basic action theory
basic action theory is a set of sentences of our logic which describes how every object of the system would change under every kind of actions .
quantified sentence
derived sentence
model checking
model checking is based on the structure m = ( ) of a labeled state transition graph where .
resource
b-tree
a b-tree is an efficient structure for data sorting , storage and retrieval on direct access storage devices such as magnetic disk .
machine learning
disjunction
representation of knowledge
a popular structural representation of knowledge is hierarchical organization , typically seen in classifications or thesauri , which may be depicted as a graph .
step function
a step function is a cost function in which the .
pattern matching
discrimination net
a discrimination net is a tries structure , that is , a tree structure specially conceived for searching patterns , like for example strings -- see the file .
phrase structure
phrase structure is a syntactic structure in which phrases are basic and explicit rather than derived and implicit , as in dependency grammar .
epistemic structure
direct graph
a direct graph is used to describe the node structure in simulation .
ambiguous sentence
natural language expert system
cryptarithmetic problem
logical sentence
support
a support is a supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation .
g-set
a g-set is a structure , where is a group , such that .
intensional predicate
an intensional predicate is a predicate logic sentence that is defined by a set of clauses .
human decision maker
computer system
structure of discourse
cell decomposition
a cell decomposition is a special kind of partition .
nonterminal symbol
a nonterminal symbol is the structure that the parser recognizes .
association
conditional entropy
conditional entropy is defined as a conditional probability of a class , y , given a value , v , for an attribute ( ) , x. it is defined as .
constraint satisfaction problem
a constraint satisfaction problem is a structure ( ) where .
syntax
a syntax is the study of the structure of phrases , sentences and language .
machine learning
service
morphology
morphology is the study of the structure and form of words in language or a language , including inflection , derivation , and the formation of compounds .
observation sentence
qualitative calculus
qualitative calculus is a cognitive structure that develops or evolves in ways a ( ) qualitative calculus is defined by a non-empty finite set of .
analog
analog is a free web log analysis software program that runs under windows , mac os , linux , and most unix-like operating systems .
logical formula
a logical formula is a structure or a set of structures put together with `` and `` s , `` or `` s , and `` not `` s. .
machine learning
majority function
majority function is a boolean function , which takes a number n of binary inputs and returns the value which is most common among them .
boltzmann machine
bound computation
conjunctive probability
metareasoning
metareasoning is defined as the application of reasoning techniques to the process a primary reason to perform metareasoning is the desire to reflect on the .
web mining
web mining is the application of data mining techniques to the content , structure , and means that web mining is of invaluable help in the transformation from .
pattern matching
scoring function
in essence , a scoring function is an equation that relates measurable descriptors of binding to ligand receptor affinity .
setting
a setting is the state of the environment in which a situation exists .
natural language
natural language is used to describe probability , it is highly probable that errors will be introduced into the assessment of risk .
process of identifying
learning rate
learning rate is one of the parameters which governs how fast a neural network learns and how effective the training is .
certainty factor
search node
proof tree
a proof tree is a set of applications of inference rules , arranged as a tree with a goal at the root .
lookup table
a lookup table is an array that helps to find data very quickly .
initialization parameter
conditioning cutset
partial regression equation
computational biology
computational biology is the application of computational tools ( ) to automatically ex - tract information and\ or patterns directly from .
sampling rate
sampling rate is the parameter that determines much of the quality of an audio sample .
medium
a medium is a state that is intermediate between extremes .
computer vision
computer vision is the branch of computer science concerned with the analysis of images to extract information about the world .
probabilistic network
a probabilistic network is a graphical model of a probability distribution over a collection of stochastic variables ( ) and is used for solving .
best-first search
best-first search is a search algorithm which optimizes breadth-first search by expanding the most promising node chosen according to some rule .
temporal-difference equation
cross-correlation
cross-correlation is a mathematical operation that is used to quantify the similarity of two functions for of cross-correlation is very similar to that of convolution .
query answering
query answering is a direct , simple retrieval of data or knowledge from the knowledge - rich database
probabilistic model
matrix multiplication
matrix multiplication is a very useful operation in mathematics , matrix multiplication is the operation by which one matrix is .
abstract algebra
abstract algebra is the study of operations , their properties , and the structures that support them .
shape
a shape is the state of health
confidence interval
in statistics , the confidence interval is the range that a population parameter is likely to fall into , for a given probability .
parameterized random variable
priority queue
configuration space
in classical mechanics , the configuration space is the space of possible positions that a physical system may attain , possibly subject to external constraints .
leak node
a leak node is simply an extra node that is added to the parent set of a noisy-or or a. noisy-and node .
probabilistic model
prediction
a prediction is a model parameters can be estimated from prior data .
expanded node
an expanded node is a complex node which is encoded by a basic node with two or more branches in conjunction with its first layer of basic nodes .
room
a room is a space '' for '' something , or '' to '' carry out an activity . .
convolution
convolution is a formal mathematical operation , just as multiplication , convolution is used in the mathematics of many fields , such as probability and statistics .
recursive transition network
a recursive transition network is a set of transition networks in which the arcs of one network may also be labeled with the names of other networks
machine translation
machine translation is the application of computers to the translation of texts from one natural language into another .
artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that makes the computers capable enough to perform complex tasks , i. artificial intelligence is concerned with the attempt to develop computer programs that will be capable of performing difficult cognitive tasks .
decision node
decision node is a control node that accepts tokens on one or two incoming edges and selects the notation for a decision node is a diamond-shaped symbol .
probability density
probability density is probability per unit independent variable , and that : with continuous variables , the probability corresponding to some exact value (
logical implication
logical implication is an operation on two logical values , typically the values of two propositions , that produces a value of false just in case the .
semantic space
semantic space is an euclidean space where words and entities are put .
conditioning bounded cutset
primitive operator
decision maker
decision maker is an application for building and evaluating decision analytic models , or `` decision ( ) trees '' .
prior probability
prior probability is posterior probability μ after the update prior probability μ to ... kind of probability density function .
conditional random field
polynomial time
a polynomial time is a time complexity which is bounded by some polynomial .
expert system
application of machine learning
constraint network
a constraint network is a series of nodes linked by constraints .
longitudinal control
root
a root is the single node of a tree that has no parent .
transition network
a transition network is a set of nodes ( ) and a set of directed arcs between the nodes , labeled with symbols from the language
text categorization
text categorization is an important application of machine learning to the field of document information retrieval .
object recognition
object recognition is the brain 's ability to recall an object 's shape and properties .
memory
isa link
isa link is the a node .
vector of probability
equivalence class
an equivalence class is a set of nodes related by an equivalence relation , which must be reflexive , symmetric , and transitive .
regularization parameter
a regularization parameter is a parameter used in some non linear iterative methods to suppress undesired solutions , by penalizing those with very high .
leaf node
a leaf node is any node in the treeview s nodes collection that has no child nodes
logical equivalence
logical equivalence refers to nodes that are functionally equivalent , such as all the inputs of a look-up table .
unit resolution
unit resolution is an application of resolution , where one clause is a unit clause also called boolean constraint propagation .
binary relation
a binary relation is the sort of relation which can be expressed by a 2-place predicate : for example : x loves y. x is greater than y. (
markov network
linked list
a linked list is a sequence of nodes .
linear equation
a linear equation is an equation with one or more variables but the degree of the highest of the terms of the equation is one .
real-world application
theory of computing
theory of computing is a field of computer science that uses mathematical techniques to understand the nature of computation and to design and analyze .
conflict resolution
conflict resolution is a wide range of methods of addressing sources of conflict - whether at the inter-personal level or between states - and of finding means of .
cooperative computation
symbolic differentiation
in mathematics , symbolic differentiation is an operation that converts a given arithmetic expression into another arithmetic expression called the derivative .
reactive planning
reactive planning is increasingly becoming applications because it has all the features of a domain , where reactive planning is necessary : 1 ) the agent ( the .
active vision
active vision is the control of the optics and the mechanical structure of cameras to simplify the processing for computer vision .
text
text means computing a consistent knowledge base .
inductive logic
inductive logic is simply the application of probability theory to inductive reasoning .
qualitative probabilistic network
process of constructing
software engineering
a software engineering is the application of a systematic , disciplined , quantifiable approach to the development , operation , and maintenance of software , and the study of these approaches . that is the application of engineering to software .
application of decision analysis
terminal node
a terminal node is a node with no edges .
artificial intelligence application
edge detection
edge detection is one of the fundamental operations in computer vision with numerous .
deterministic node
a deterministic node is a node of a graph g representing a random variable the deterministic node is useful more generally whenever important interactions .
case-based planning
case-based planning is the application of the cbr methodology to planning , and as such , it is planning as remembering ( ) .
test goal
test goal is a node of the control flow graph at which execu - tion can diverge down a branch that prevents the test goal from being attainable .
order
a order is the state of being well arranged .
parent node
a parent node is any node in the treeview control 's node collection that has .
sensor network
analysis of algorithm
analysis of algorithm is a field of computer science that is dedicated to understanding the complexity of algorithms .
regression
a regression is an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely .
computational complexity
computational complexity is the subfield of computer science that rigorously studies the intrinsic difficulty of computational problems .
similarity computation
optimization
a optimization is the design and operation of a system or process to make it as good as possible in some defined sense .
model parameter
classification problem
classification problem is exactly the posterior probability .
conditional probability
a conditional probability refers to the probability of observing an event a given that you have observed a separate event b. the computer system refers to the component mapping to identify components that are to be configured to implement the received application instructions .
adjoining grammar
adjoining grammar is either a leaf node ( ) or binary branching .
proof
proof is based on theorem 2.2 .
application of artificial intelligence
knowledge representation
mathematical model
a mathematical model is an equation or a set of equations in which letter represent a mathematical model is often an idealization of the real world situation if .
admissible heuristic
admissible heuristic is unable to prune many nodes .
fuzzy logic
stochastic game
stochastic game is equivalent to the optimal control of a mdp without future reward discount .
least mean square
least mean square is sensitive to initialization parameters .
modell of computation
ray tracing
ray tracing is an ideal application for parallel processing since there are many pixels , each of whose values is independent and can thus be calculated in .
linear programming
linear programming is one of the main applications of mathematics used in business and the social sciences .
bellman equation
decision tree
computer virus
class probability
class probability is closer to the theoretical probability .
optimal control
online cost
online cost is the iterative cost , which arises from computations involving the modified the online cost is constituted by the parts of eq .
resolution
resolution
cost function
cost function is the derivative of ( ) the average cost function .
photogrammetry
photogrammetry is a cost efficient surveying method for mapping large areas .
strategy
a strategy is the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war .
argument
a argument is a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable .
conventional sign
a conventional sign is a standard sign used on a map to indicate a particular feature .
multiset variable
a multiset variable is a variable that will be assigned to a multiset of integer values .
randomization
randomization is a multiple instrumental variable in the sense that one randomization defines the parameter of interest expressed as a function of multiple .
iterative cost
search cost
a search cost is a cost that is associated with acquiring information about a product .
situated agent
a situated agent is basically a software agent that has the sole purpose of performing design actions .
hidden variable
data fusion
data fusion is cost effective , as it requires no additional primary research , fits into existing analysis systems , and enhances existing data .
construction
maximum expected utility
guarded horn clause
constraint network
resolution
class variable
construction
probability density
multi-agent system
static variable
depth
a depth is the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into ideas .
conjunctive query
consequently , a conjunctive query is equivalent to a union of conjunctive queries of a special kind , called terminal conjunctive queries .
metaphysics
a metaphysics is the branch of philosophy which studies fundamental principles intended to describe or explain all that is , and which are not themselves explained by anything more fundamental
optimization algorithm
cross-validation
random variable
a random variable is a variable that takes values according to a certain probability more formally , a random variable is a function of the sample space onto r.
latent variable
query variable
logical positivism
logical positivism is a philosophy of knowledge which is both practical and theoretical .
motion
logical variable
a logical variable is an independent variable which can take any value from .
map variable
gaussian process
a gaussian process is a collection of random variables , any finite number of which have consistent joint gaussian distributions ( ) .
search method
probability model
computational complexity
reading sign
computational cost
brain
a brain is a computer virus .
metaphor
a metaphor is a comparison between two things as if they were the same .
grammar
static symbol
ontological engineering
ontological engineering is a branch of knowledge engineering which uses ontology to build ontologies .
backed-up value
backed-up value is the desired value of the parent with respect to the children , and the learning mechanism adjusts the weights w so that the evaluation for the .
generative model
heuristic function
heuristic function is gain ratio .
noun phrase
a noun phrase is an uninterrupted string of nomina ( ) .
conditional link
a conditional link is defined as a link where each node is associated with a the link from a source node or to a target node of a conditional link is only .
input
test result
axiom
sort
a sort is an algorithm for sorting a list of items into a particular order .
named entity
a named entity is a piece of text string which refers to an entity .
training instance
a training instance is a record from a data set that is used to construct a model for classification as described herein .
admissible heuristic
line
computational learning theory
computational learning theory is the analog of complexity analysis applied to machine learning , pattern recognition , and artificial intelligence .
extraction
a extraction is the process of capturing data from several sources , synthesizing them , summarizing them , determining which of them are relevant , and organizing them , resulting in their effective integration . .
classifier
analog
result
graphical model
kalman filtering
kalman filtering is a linear regression .
decision tree
graph search algorithm
semi-supervised classification
semi-supervised classification is a special form of classification .
taxonomy
a taxonomy is a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc.
upper bound
derivation
field value
comparison
computational linguistics
a computational linguistics is the engineering of systems that process or analyze written or spoken natural language . .
gradient descent
decision making
decision making is the primary function of management .
decision network evaluation
place
ai
one-shot decision
estimation algorithm
power
clustering result
abstract sensor
an abstract sensor is a set of values that contains the present value of a another advantage provided by the concept of abstract sensor is the capacity of data .
symbolic differentiation
taxonomic hierarchy
a taxonomic hierarchy is a classification , really a hypothesis , that can be databased , that can be used as the source for a checklist , .
truth maintenance system
thus , a truth maintenance system is able to share partial results across different branches of a search space .
feature selection method
feature selection method is the evaluation of feature subsets .
simulation result
logistic regression
logistic regression is a variation of ordinary regression , useful when the observed outcome is restricted to two values , which usually represent the occurrence or .
interaction graph
equality symbol
input
christofides' heuristic
formal language
a formal language is a set of strings , where the string are sequences of symbols selected from a finite alphabet , and the form of a string is described by rules .
expected utility
expected utility is then the subjective value , whereas expected value is the objective value of the gamble ? right .
theoretical result
uninterrupted string
confidence factor
confidence factor is a numerical value between 0 and .
singular value
terminal symbol
a terminal symbol is a character string such as .
error bound
bolt
a bolt is a mechanism used in firearms .
successor-state axiom
least-constraining-value heuristic
bar code
a bar code is a printed symbol placed on a package or an item of merchandise , consisting of vertical bars and spaces that represent information about that .
reinforcement learning
semantic
causal support
causal support is the analog of a prior probability , summarizing the background knowledge lending support to a belief .
time complexity
decomposition
connectivity
in mathematics and computer science , connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory .
logical constant
in symbolic logic , a logical constant is a symbol that has the same semantic value in all models .
connectivity
computational complexity
logical constant
beam search
beam search is a standard heuristic for controlling complexity during viterbi decoding , but during forward-backward , standard beam heuristics can be danger - .
difference
in geometric terms , the difference is a distance .
context-free grammar
a context-free grammar is a notation for describing languages .
order of magnitude
an order of magnitude is a range of values between a designated lower value and an upper value ten times as large .
logic variable
a logic variable is bound to a likely value , but this binding is tentative pending verification of the rest of the rule .
pseudo-code
pseudo-code is notation that looks like a programming language , but that is not executable .
domination of heuristic
generative model
root
numerical value
minimal determination
conceptual graph
predicate symbol
predicate symbol is also a function symbol .
real number
in mathematics , a real number is a value that represents a quantity along a continuum , such as -5 ( ) , 4\ 3 ( ) , 8.6 .
confidence interval
chart
a chart is a data structure used in parsing . it consists of a collection of active arcs
lexical pattern
generally , a lexical pattern is a sequence of strings .
gradient descent
sequential decision problem
a sequential decision problem is a sequence of decisions , where for each decision you should consider .
process of capturing
monotonicity of a heuristic
evaluation function
evaluation function is a heuristic function , and it is where the domain experts ' knowledge resides .
decision analysis
decision analysis is a quantitative evaluation of the outcomes that result from a set of choices in a specific clinical situation .
text string
greedy heuristic
expectimax value
expectimin value
relational database
a relational database is a database whose records are organized into tables that can be processed by either relational algebra or relational calculus . .
data mining
process of growing graph
object-oriented database
an object-oriented database is a database that subscribes to a model with information represented by objects .
search engine
a search engine is defined as a database of resources extracted from the web through an automated process .
neural network link
markov decision
sort
model checking
equivalence relation
an equivalence relation is a binary relation which comprises of two elements of a set that are semantically and syntactically equivalent on some way .
logical notation
input string
character string
a character string is a string of any ebcdic characters ( ) that are used as a value .
conditional entropy
process of finding
uniformly weighted heuristic
acyclic graph
an acyclic graph is a directed graph without cycles .
logic string
certainty equivalent
a certainty equivalent is the value of a certain prospect that yields the same utility as the expected utility of an uncertain prospect .5 consider an investor who has .
approximation algorithm
an approximation algorithm is an estimation algorithm that can solve an a typical example for an approximation algorithm is the one for .
path cost
path cost is a value assigned to each port .
knowledge engineering with uncertainty
connectivity
constant symbol
a constant symbol is a o-ary function symbol .
empirical result
runtime variable
a runtime variable is a field value that is defined by the user at the time of running the report .
inclusion axiom
wordnet
wordnet is a lexical database that uses conceptualsemantic and lexical relations in order to group lexical items and link them to other groups ( ) .
unit preference
unit preference is the heuristic of prioritizing resolutions where one parent is a unit clause .
causal link
a causal link is a link from a chance node ( ) or a decision node to a chance node .
longest common substring
universal quantifier
utility
regular expression
a regular expression is a string that is used to describe or match a set of strings according to certain syntax rules .
default
a default is a value used when none has been given
composite heuristic
undirected graph
inconsistent heuristic
default value
a default value is a value that is auto ¬ matically displayed by the computer .
o-ary function symbol
transformation
a transformation is a rule describing the conversion of one syntactic structure into another related syntactic structure .
domain closure effect
decision analyst
decision analyst is a program that structures logical decision-making for policy analysis .
gaussian process
probabilistic interpretation
probabilistic interpretation is a probability distribution over worlds .
binary search
a binary search is a very efficient search when you are dealing with a large table .
indexing
a indexing is a system used to assign indexes , such as .
parameter
long-term memory
long-term memory is defined as memory that can last anywhere from a few days to a long-term memory is divided into two separate sections : declarative .
intelligent agent
an intelligent agent is a program that models the information space for a user , and allows the user to specify how the information is to be processed .
sequential search
sequential search is the simplest form of search .
boyer-moore algorithm
boyer-moore algorithm is superior to knuth-morris-pratt algorithms and brute force algorithms .
process of determining
optimality search
associative memory
egomotion
egomotion is defined as the motion of the observer relative to his environment and can be described by 6 parameters
audio recorder
audio recorder is a small and easy-to-use program that allows you to record any sound on your computer .
knowledge effect
online algorithm
online algorithm is a probability distribution over the deterministic algorithms , so it corresponds to a mixed strategy for the algorithm designer .
constructive induction
so constructive induction is searching for an adequate representation .
conjunctive query
symbolic differentiation
procedural attachment
procedural attachment is a method of attaching programs to the data structures , such as slots in a frame ( ) , win79 ) ) .
architecture
pagerank
pagerank is a probability distribution used to represent the likelihood that a person randomly clicking on links will arrive at any particular page .
disjunctive effect
general problem solver
a general problem solver is a program that can produce solutions to all sorts of different problems about which it has no specific , designed-in .
sat solver
fast sat solver is an program , which solves the boolean satisfiability problem using genetic algorithm ( ) .
truth maintenance system
connection
canonical distribution
canonical distribution is the maximum entropy distribution for a given expected utility .
non-euclidean geometry
a non-euclidean geometry is the study of shapes and constructions that do not map directly to any n-dimensional euclidean system , characterized by a non-vanishing riemann curvature tensor .
algorithmic complexity
a algorithmic complexity is the size of the smallest program that can produce a particular sequence of numbers .
vertex elimination order
approximation
a approximation is the quality of coming near to identity
kinematics
kinematics is the study of the geometrically possible motion of a body or system of bodies , without consideration of the forces involved .
parallel search
model-based recognition
model-based recognition is the search for consistent matches of the model and image features .
artificial agent
an artificial agent is a program that acts independently in furtherance of its user 's interests .
optical flow
optical flow is the distribution of apparent velocities of movement of brightness patterns in an yet , when it is rotated , the optical flow is zero at all points in the .
constraint satisfaction
constraint satisfaction is the search for a variable assignment that satis es the .
product rule
in calculus , the product rule is a formula used to find the derivatives of one special case of the product rule is the constant multiple rule which states : if c is a.
general search
general search is the broadest search available .
execution time
• execution time is program dependent .
regression planning
regression planning is a backward state-space search that starts in the goal state and searches a sequence of actions that reach the initial state .
mixture model
a mixture model is a collection of distributions d. in this role , the mixture model is a robust estimator .
logical query
logical query is defined as a conjunctions of constraints ci on a single feature ql = c1 ∧ · · · ∧ cn .
configuration space obstacle
search engine
current-best-hypothesis search
distribution of agent
dependency-directed backtracking
dependency-directed backtracking is a powerful search .
gaussian distribution
a gaussian distribution is a theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance .
excitatory synapse
an excitatory synapse is a synapse in which an action potential in a presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a postsynaptic cell .
acquisition tool
acquisition tool is an editor of sorts that provides a structured .
compliant motion
compliant motion is motion which complies with constraints imposed by the geometry of the task .
order of similarity calculation
golog program
branch-and-bound search
branch-and-bound search is similar to backtrack search , except that only a subtree of the search tree must necessarily be explored .
horn sentence
a horn sentence is a conjunction of a set of horn clauses .
systems program
a systems program is a program that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer .
rotary motion
rotary motion is a special case of circular motion in which the axis of actually , rotary motion is the sum of the circular motions of all the tiny .
recognition program
basic action theory
constraint satisfaction search
declarative sentence
a declarative sentence is a proposition - that is , something to which a truth value can be assigned .
descriptive representation
equivalence class
transformation
alignment method
alignment method is based on similarity measure between the component images .
regular expression
blind search
blind search is the simplest random search in that the sampling generating the new $ boldsymbol -lcb- theta -rcb- $ value does not take account of where the previous .
normal distribution
in probability theory , the normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is often used as a first approximation to describe real-valued random variables that tend to cluster around a single mean value .
parameter
completeness search
sensor network
joint probability distribution
basis function
basis function is a gaussian with diagonal covariance .
progression planning
progression planning is a forward state-space search that starts in the initial state and tries to find a sequence of actions that reaches a goal state .
scheme
a scheme is an internal representation of the world .
behavior-based robotics
behavior-based robotics is a branch of robotics that bridges arti cial intelligence , en - .
entropy distribution
full-width search
qbf solver
a qbf solver is a software program to solve the qbf problem .
learning algorithm
engineering
a engineering is a room in which the engine is located .
boolean formula
a boolean formula is a formula of propositional logic , constructed from variables and boolean a boolean formula is satisfiable if there exists some assignment .
automaton program
scheme
morphology
backtracking search
backtracking search is a state-space search .
linear program
a linear program is a program that can be expressed as : maximize ( ) subject to ( ) .
target compilation language
a target compilation language is a class of formulas which is tractable for a set of transformations and queries .
representation formalism
representation formalism is naturalness of representation .
approximation
iterative deepening
iterative deepening is a way of searching for a solution that limits the search depth .
backward state-space search
bound search
c configuration space
easy-to-use program
inhibitory synapse
knowledge-based program
a knowledge-based program is a program with explicit tests for knowledge .
cost
language model
distribution of class
apparent motion
apparent motion is a perceived motion produced by the presentation of sequential but static images containing no physically continuous motion .
transit motion
conditional effect
a conditional effect is an effect of an action that depends on the value of other features .
transfer motion
consistency checker
a consistency checker is a program that is run , usually on startup of the operating system , that scans the logical structure of the disk or storage media and checks to ensure that it is consistent with its specification .
constraint propagation
constraint propagation is essentially the search for de - terministic information that is implied but not stated explicitly in the input .
scheme
advice taker
advice taker is the proposed program for common-sense reasoning .
script
in computer programming , a script is a program or sequence of instructions that is interpreted or carried out by another program rather than by the computer .
atomic sentence
in logic , an atomic sentence is a type of declarative sentence which is either true or false may also be referred to as a proposition , statement or .
local search
local search is any search aimed at finding something within a specific local search is seeking information online with the intention of .
conjunctive query
knuth-morris-pratt algorithm
knuth-morris-pratt algorithm is searching the string looking for a match of the first letter of the pattern .
informed search
an informed search is any search where the domain is known , so the algorithm itself knows the boundaries and relative positions of the items it .
logic sampling
logic sampling is easy to program ( ) and hence it ( ) logic sampling is an anytime algorithm and can always give an .
dimensionality reduction
dimensionality reduction is the search for a small set of features to describe a large set of observed dimensions .
mathematical induction schema
micro-planner
micro-planner is now a publically accessible systems program in the ai group systems its .
intelligent room
broadest search
transformational grammar
transformational grammar is a form of language analysis that establishes a relationship with the different elements in the sentence of a language and makes .
metric
environment simulator
an environment simulator is a program that keeps track of the performance measure for each agent .
conjunctive normal form
conjunctive normal form is a conjunction of clauses where a clause is a disjunction of literals .
iterative improvement search
expectiminimax
like minimax , expectiminimax is a full-width search up to a particular look-ahead depth .
editor
a editor is a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data .
input clause
an input clause is a formula of the form .
size
problem solving
problem solving is a systematic search through a range of possible actions in order the topic problem solving is discussed at the following external web sites .
conjunctive normal form
arbitrary first-order sentence
state diagram
a state diagram is a type of diagram used in computer science and related fields to describe the behavior of systems .
domain of a random variable
thus domain of a random variable is the sample space of an experiment and co - domain as set of real numbers .
sensor node
sensor node is the service which is used in the form of the wireless networking the sensor node is also referred to as the mote and it is intended to be used in .
machine learning research
control
iterative deepening search
iterative deepening search is depth-limited search with increasing limit .
information gain
information gain is defined as the difference between the shannon -- wiener information numbers before and after receipt of data .
detachment
a detachment is the state of being detached or disconnected
existential graph
an existential graph is a type of diagram .
array
process of putting
memory space
discourse intention
a discourse intention is a state of mind that one can describe in terms of domain plans , for .
incompleteness theorem
incompleteness theorem is a theorem of classical mathematics ( )
theorem proving
fermat's last theorem
knowledge engineering
knowledge engineering is the task of gathering and inputting information for use in knowledge engineering is a labor-intensive multi-step process .
version space
version space is a space of consistent hypotheses , or models with no error .
process state
ground resolution theorem
cook's theorem
ontological commitment
an ontological commitment is an agreement to use a vocabulary and data model in a way that enables information systems to validate and interact with user .
online dating website
online dating website is a particular and only service which is applicable to meet the curiosity of the online services in this busy schedule of .
diameter of a state space
constructive induction
ontology
viterbi algorithm
viterbi algorithm is being widely used in many wireless and mobile communication viterbi algorithm is effective in achieving noise tolerance , but the cost is an .
automatic pilot
a automatic pilot is a cognitive state in which you act without self-awareness .
representation theorem
in mathematics , a representation theorem is a theorem that states that every abstract structure with certain properties is isomorphic to a concrete structure .
initial state
initial state will be the state in which all the variables are unassigned .
random field
a random field is a generalization of a stochastic process such that the underlying parameter need no longer be a simple real or integer valued time , but can instead be take values which are multidimensional vectors , or points on some manifold .
human-robot interaction
human-robot interaction is being studied through the creation of ` socially interactive robots .
agreement
a agreement is a state whereby several parties share a view or opinion
semi-automatic metric
stochastic process
a stochastic process is a statistical phenomenon that evolves in time according to probabilistic laws .
top-down dynamic programming
tree decomposition
tree decomposition is one of the most important decompositions in graph theory .
computation time
feature space
in pattern recognition a feature space is an abstract space where each pattern sample is represented as a point in n-dimensional space .
fusion
a fusion is the state of being combined into one body .
breadth-first search
in graph theory , breadth-first search is a graph search algorithm that begins at the root node and explores all the neighboring nodes .
importance
a importance is the quality of being important and worthy of note .
instance method
hidden markov model
software technique
performance measure
computational model
information retrieval
mind
a mind is the ability to focus the thoughts .
space-efficient dynamic programming
airflow simulation
surface
a surface is a the locus of an equation in a more-than-two-dimensional space .
diagram
tree structure
a tree structure refers to a data structure in which a set of elements , here window records , are ordered by some linear order .
analysis of gene expression
analysis of gene expression is fundamental to biological research , and detection of differential expression of a gene ( ) between .
f free space
mind
kl divergence
kl divergence is a metric that can give you something of a pseudo-distance between one distribution and another assuming they have similar .
phrase
phrase is a potential referring expression .
programming language
asbestos removal
asbestos removal is a very useful service because it helps to clean your place after it is razed down .
matrix factorization
boolean expression
range
computer file
a computer file is a block of arbitrary information , or resource for storing information , which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage .
constraint logic programming
constraint logic programming is a generalization of logic programming where uni cation is replaced by constraint solving over several computation domains .
mathematical induction
mathematical induction is a method of mathematical proof typically used to establish that a given statement is true of all natural numbers ( ) .
sorting algorithm
effect
sensitivity analysis
sensitivity analysis is a form of quantitative research .
automated reasoning
in this respect , automated reasoning is akin to mechanical theorem .
state space
state space is an abstract space representing possible states of a system .
knowledge engineering
mobot
mobot is a very unique service , and there is nothing else out there like mobot .
logicism
logicism is the thesis that mathematics is reducible to logic , or so it is often said .
interval
a interval is the distance between things .
simulation of world
gain ratio
gain ratio is an alternative metric from quinlan 's 1986 .
sum of squared difference
possibility theory
possibility theory is being developed as an alternative to traditional information theory .
search space
euclidean space
euclidean space is the usual n-dimensional mathematical space , formally , for any non-negative integer n , n-dimensional euclidean space is the set rn .
absence
a absence is the state of being absent .
g activation function
input
utility space
knowledge-based technique
knowledge-based technique is the absence of training .
programming language
exhaustive decomposition
polynomial space
knowledge representation
irrationality
a irrationality is the state of being irrational .
cognitive modelling
so , cognitive modelling is the development of computer models of cognitive processes , and the use of such models to simulate or predict human behavior .
generalized cylinder
a generalized cylinder is the surface produced by ex - truding a circle along a path through space , allowing the circle 's radius to vary along the path .
expert system
regulation
real-time dynamic programming
real-time dynamic programming is a special case of asynchronous dynamic programming , in which the stages of the optimal value function being approximated .
resolution completeness proof
compiler
compilation time
object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming is an area of current research .
adaptive network
interpretation
an interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language .
process of converting
base case
base case is state of the art mid 2006 .
sorting algorithm
perceptron convergence theorem
simulated annealing
classification accuracy
classification accuracy is widely used as a metric for evaluation of machine learning systems .
input generalization
ontology
reduction
run time
a run time is the time during which a program is executing .
human cognition
human cognition is central to clinical decision making .
stochastic process
contingency
a contingency is the state of being contingent on something .
cnf decomposition
cumulative learning
cumulative learning is an area of machine learning research in computer science .
blackboard architecture
a blackboard architecture is a shared memory space which enables agents sending and receiving messages to be decoupled from one .
asynchronous dynamic programming
best-first search
default
regression recognition
optical flow
real-world setting
computation
language perception
language perception is identical to the l2 initial state , as predicted by the full .
parallel distributed processing
reference system
indicator
simulation of intelligence
bel belief about state
reduction
processor
a processor is the primary chip of the system that oversees all the other components of the system . .
intentional state
an intentional state is a state which has a certain propositional content .
terminal state
hypothesis recognition
gaussian process
operationality
operationality is defined as the state of the existing and functional structures and managerial processes that enable the provision of essential health care to the .
expansion of state
understanding system
an understanding system is being built around this model , allowing for unconstrained spoken input in a database retrieval task .
regulation
simulated annealing
error
a error is the difference between a measured or calculated value and a true one .
game theory
game theory is the study of interactive decision making -- that is , in situations where each person 's action affects the outcome for the whole group .
feedback loop
a feedback loop is a service when an isp lets you know if someone of its users complains about your email .
completeness theorem
markov chain
intelligent action
intelligent action is the fusion of research and activity .
replanning agent
replanning agent is research with genetic based replanning agent in order to accelerate the optimization speed of path planning technique .
argument
abstract noun
an abstract noun is a state , a quality or feeling that can not be perceived by the senses .
requirement
error of a hypothesis
psychology
a psychology is the study of the human mind .
utility function
a utility function is a mathematical expression that assigns a value to all possible choices .
chip
chip is a constraint logic programming language developed by m. dincbas in 1985 at ecrc .
search technique
simulated annealing
artificial intelligence
blind search
contour of a state space
automatic recognition
automatic theorem
iterative dynamic programming
conjunction
goal formulation
goal formulation is based on the current situation amp; the agent 's performance measures .
stochastic simulation
stochastic simulation is a development of geostatistics and estimates the conditional cumulative distribution functions at each location .
curve
consistent decomposition
semi-supervised alignment
semi-supervised alignment is based on eigenvalue decomposition .
information gain
utility function
natural language processing
natural language processing is also being developed to create human readable text and to translate between one human language and another .
scene
a scene is a situation treated as an observable object .
proof tree
herbrand's theorem
bayesian network
modeling
a modeling is the construction and use of a computer model of a physical system .
sorting algorithm
euclidean space
hypothesis space
in fact , hypothesis space is complete space of finite discrete - valued functions .
language analysis
language analysis is being extended to allow for appropriate disambiguated , bilingual machine translation .
compression
a compression is a data files are often compressed to take up less network bandwidth , memory etc.
intractability
a intractability is the state of being intractable
relationship
a relationship is a relation between people .
expert system
locus
a locus is the scene of any event or action
computational biology
dempster-shafer theory
dempster-shafer theory is a generalization of bayesian .
optimization
data file
a data file is a computer file which stores data for use by a computer application or system .
recursive dynamic programming
control
brain state
maximum entropy
maximum entropy is being widely used as a general and powerful technique for reconstructing positive im - ages from noisy and incomplete data .
operations research
operations research is being defined broadly and includes the use of analytical techniques to achieve better health outcomes , define optimal .
naturalness
a naturalness is the state or quality of being natural .
space complexity
space complexity refers to the space used on a given input .
data mining
eigenvalue decomposition
np-completeness
np-completeness is a statement about coming up with .
kernel function
a kernel function is any function in input space that corresponds to an inner product ( ) in some feature space .
scoring rule
a scoring rule is a reward function for eliciting or evaluating forecasts expressed the logarithmic scoring rule is shown to violate the transitivity property , and .
belief network
obstacle avoidance
obstacle avoidance is an essential function for any mobile robot .
situated automaton
mathematically , a situated automaton is a finite state automaton in the form of a mealy machine ( ) a 'd t e track .
discontinuous function
a discontinuous function is a function whose graph has one or more gaps or breaks .
state space
visibility graph
a visibility graph is a graph of intervisible locations .
venn diagram
a venn diagram is a graph showing two overlapping circles .
query
in descriptive complexity , a query is a mapping from structures of one signature to structures of another vocabulary .
basic action theory
deductive approach
deductive approach is based on accepted assumptions from formal decision theory .
termination condition
knowledge acquisition
knowledge acquisition is a function of different forms , methods and variety of teaching methods ( ) .
connectionism
boolean function
analysis of time
difference
graph of predicate
neighborhood kernel
neighborhood kernel is the bubble function ( ) ( ) which is non-zero for the neighborhood but zero elsewhere .
human-computer interaction
a human-computer interaction is a analysis of the relationship of computers and humans . .
consistent hypothesis
consistent hypothesis is a map hypothesis (
similarity measure
a similarity measure is a function that associates a numeric value with sequences , with the idea that a higher value indicates greater similarity .
breadth first search
a breadth first search is a breadth-first search is best understood with respect to a tree , though it can be applied to graphs in general , provided a starting node is nominated . .
natural deduction
natural deduction is a collection of inference rules .
negative literal
a negative literal is the negation as failure ( ) not a of a given atom a. a clause or rule r is a formula a ← b1 ∧ · · · ∧ bk ∧ not bk +1 ∧ · · · ∧ not bm m ≥ 0 .
semantic network
induction hypothesis
logistic regression
stable extension
password generation
collective decision-making
collective decision-making is central to the functioning of a society and supported by a system of rules , procedures , power structures and participants .
linear transformation
a linear transformation is a map between vector spaces which respects addition and multiplication .
uniform cost search
uniform cost search is similar to breadth-first search but expands the node with lowest path cost , g ( ) .
automatic programming
automatic programming is the generation of programs by computer , usually based on specifications that are higher-level and easier for humans to specify than .
game theory
dependency tree
boolean formula
average case analysis
dynamic system
analysis of document corpus
payoff function
a payoff function is a function .
process of reducing
negation
a negation is a negative statement .
label propagation
label propagation is a popular scheme for exploiting unlabeled data when a good graph can be constructed by considering the pairwise distances between .
reward function
a reward function is a function that assigns a value to each state the agent whereas a reward function is generally static and linked to a specific environment .
multiple inheritance
multiple inheritance is the goto of object oriented programming .
transitivity of preference
transitivity of preference is an assumption made in order to convert paired comparison data to rank order data .
corpus
a corpus is a reference system based on an electronic collection of texts composed in a certain language .
action theory
action theory is an analysis of action starting with the individual actor .
backtracking
backtracking is a modified depth-first search of a tree consisting of all of the possible sequences that can be constructed from the problem set .
speech synthesis
speech synthesis is the generation of speech by machine .
component analysis
hash function
a hash function is any function of the form h : u → -lcb- 0 , 1 , ... , m − 1 -rcb- , choosing a truly random hash function is completely impractical , but there are several .
goto
goto is a statement found in many computer programming languages .
process of receiving
bubble function
exploration function
finite state automaton
nondeterministic environment
a nondeterministic environment is a function : t 2b .
polytree
simulation
analysis of complex scene
sufficient condition
a sufficient condition is a condition that guarantees that a statement is true ( ) .
backward chaining
agent function
constraint graph
gaussian function
a gaussian function is also a useful lineshape function .
beam search
functional dependency
unit resolution
random graph
a random graph is a graph in which properties such as the number of graph vertices , graph edges , and connections between them are determined in some random way .
process of becoming
induction
a induction is the generation of an electric current by a varying magnetic field .
transfer function
nash equilibrium
nash equilibrium is based on the premises that ( ) each individual acts rationally given her beliefs about the other players ' actions , and that ( ) these beliefs are .
feed-forward neural network
reflectance map
a reflectance map is the transfer function from surface orientation and illumination geometry to the surface normal , and in machine vision it plays a fundamental .
concise representation
feed-forward network
kernel matrix
kernel matrix is the diffusion kernel method , which has time complexity of o ( ) , and the kernel matrix is an n × n positive definite dense matrix , rep - resenting .
simulation
world wide web
locally finite graph
a locally finite graph is a graph where the degree of each vertex is finite .
cross ratio
cross ratio is a rational function with linear numerator and quadratic here the numerator of the cross ratio is a constant and the denominator is quadratic .
units function
semantic web
undirected weighted graph
spectrophotometry
a spectrophotometry is the quantitative analysis of electromagnetic spectra by use of a spectrophotometer
web of datum
undecidable problem
an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is impossible to construct a single algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer .
measure of uncertainty
a measure of uncertainty is a function of a probability distribution and we know that a joint probability distribution for all possible measurements does not exist
analysis of information processing system
premise
a premise is a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn .
process of imitating
linear programming
utility
computer vision
measurement
node expansion
node expansion is the generation of all the successors of a given parent node .
regret minimization
in the domain of losses , regret minimization is a function of the following factors : rm .
support vector machine
pseudo code
pseudo code is the explanation of program logic in simple english phrases .
flow network
a flow network is a real function with the following three properties for all nodes and .
sweeping statement
state automaton
thesis
a thesis is a statement supported by arguments .
psychology of computer vision
fuzzy set theory
fuzzy set theory is a sweeping statement of set theory .
modification operator
a modification operator is a function m : x → x , where x is the instance space .
lineshape function
decision node
fitness function
finding
prediction
extension of description logic
conceptual graph
axiom scheme of knowledge
process of using
search complexity
search complexity is a polynomial function of memory order .
affinity graph
an affinity graph is an undirected weighted graph where each vertex after the instrumented executable finishes , an affinity graph is built and written .
sequential decision problem
component graph
computational technique
knowledge representation language
primitive function
assembly planning
assembly planning is concerned with the generation of a logical sequence of steps each of which is a motion plan .
sigmoid function
sigmoid function is a global function that divide whole the input space smoothly the temperature of the sigmoid function is 1.0 and the value range is from 0.0 .
analog
sign function
in mathematics , the sign function is an odd mathematical function that extracts the sign of a real number .
mental state
a mental state is a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic .
index function
depth-limited search
depth-limited search is a special case of the depth-first search , where only nodes with depth not exceeding some bound are examined .
spatial network
a spatial network is a special kind of graph , with nodes located in a in this representation , a spatial network is modeled as a list of nodes , and each node .
loss function
a loss function is a function which expresses numerically the loss produced by a decision or other event .
value function
rewrite rule
a rewrite rule is a function that can be applied to a term using an explicit application function .
representation language
expected case analysis
language model
decision rule
a decision rule is a logical statement of the type `` if ( ) , then ( ) .
logical assertion
a logical assertion is a statement that asserts that a certain premise is true , and is useful for statements in proof .
markov property
markov property is an assumption that allows the system to be analyzed .
incremental learning
incremental learning is an efficient scheme for reducing computational complexity of batch learning .
transition function
in computing , a transition function is the function that defines the state transitions of a turing machine or a finite-state machine .
context-sensitive grammar
context-sensitive grammar is now populated and password generation can begin .
grid map
a grid map is simply a map that has been divided into marked sections .
platform
a platform can refer to a computer systems operating system , , application or server .
web application
separable utility function
separable utility function is a function of all the nodes at their tails .
null hypothesis
a null hypothesis is a statement about a population parameter .
architecture for speech recognition
association graph
an association graph is an abstract graph that is generated from model features in the original image .
bolt
boolean function
state space
activation function
in neural networks , an activation function is the function that describes the output behavior of a neuron . most network architectures start by computing the weighted sum of the inputs then the output of the neuron is 0 , otherwise it is 1 . a common squashing function is the logistic function .
evolution
a evolution is the extraction of a root from a quantity .
conjunctive query
ai
depth first search
a depth first search is a depth-first search is best understood with respect to a tree , though it can be applied to graphs in general , provided a starting node is nominated . .
commitment protocol
probabilistic network
induction of decision tree
alpha-beta pruning
alpha-beta pruning is a sound optimization in that it does not change the score of the result of the algorithm it optimizes .
iterative improvement
iterative improvement is one of the well-established traditional optimization it should be noted that iterative improvement is a local optimization method , and .
refinement strategy
typically , refinement strategy is a function of both : data quality ( ) and current model quality .
influence diagram
encoding
theoretical analysis
simulation
binary space partition
satisfiability problem
in complexity theory , the satisfiability problem is a decision problem , whose instance is a boolean expression written using only and , or , not , variables , and parentheses .
approximately correct hypothesis
an approximately correct hypothesis is therefore the hypothesis that has the probability of error bounded by a small positive constant ε .
utility scale
a utility scale is a function u : v → r. the utility scale u is said to fit .
step function
utility
computation model
conditional independence
conditional independence is a useful assumption about a domain that is often natural to assess and can be exploited to give a useful representation .
normalization
a normalization is an of a function '' is the process of removable singularity removing a discontinuity
game theory
covariance function
recursive transition network
simulation
sparse covariance function
communication system
profile of dependency graph
map hypothesis
constraint satisfaction
context
modal logic
link
theory resolution
theory resolution is a scheme to exploit information about the meaning now the propositional schema for total theory resolution is as follows : let t be a theory .
biconditional
in logic , a biconditional is a compound statement formed by combining two important ! it looks like this : what does it mean ? first , the biconditional is .
recursive algorithm
logical implication
acoustic signal
feature vector
a feature vector refers to the generation of at least two features .
two-way radio communication system
difference
access function
an access function is a short public function whose job is to return the value of a private member variable .
hypothesis space
cognitive psychology
cognitive psychology is the branch of experimental psychology that deals with mental processes , such as perception , language comprehension , or skilled movement .
learning curve
a learning curve is a graph showing the rate of learning
background assumption
finite state machine
input method
an input method is a set of functions that translates key strokes into character strings in the code set specified by your locale .
multi-agent planning
multi-agent planning is fundamental to the generation of cooperative ac - tivities .
classification function
in general , a classification function is a function defined on feature vectors and taking values in a set of class labels .
dependency graph
a dependency graph is essentially a directed graph of org .
software specification
a software specification is a statement of what the software has to do .
analysis of verb
process of discovering
service composition
service composition is a natural extension of web services paradigm .
finite state machine
probabilistic transition
a probabilistic transition is defined to be a function t : ω × fω → ( ) such that for each θ ∈ fω , .
linear classifier
a linear classifier is a linear function of x and y , .
refutation graph
a refutation graph is a graph whose nodes are literals ( ) and its edges connect complementary literals .
linear order
linear order is a function of asymmetric c-command relations ( ) .
halting problem
in computability theory , the halting problem is a decision problem which can be stated as follows : given a description of a program , decide whether the program .
natural language processing
diffusion kernel method
decision rule
inductive learning
morphology analysis
explicit representation
an explicit representation is a map from a known parameter space for in - stance the unit cube to 3d-space .
flow network
causal diagram
a causal diagram is then a directed graph g that implies the usual markov decomposition for p ( ) and displays additional properties relating p ( ) and do ( ) .
functional decomposition
functional decomposition is the analysis of the activity of a system as the product of a set of subordinate functions performed by independent subsystems , each .
bounded indeterminacy
script
natural language text
attempt
hierarchical representation
acquisition
integration
sense disambiguation
the word sense disambiguation is a non trivial task within an information retrieval system .
conditional planning
conditional planning is planning based on unknown information .
software agent
algorithmic representation
cognitive architecture
a cognitive architecture is a design for a computational system for simulating some aspect of human cognition .
artificial intelligence
union
role
qualitative spatial reasoning
increase
a increase is an amount by which a quantity is increased .
gaussian process
logic programming
logic programming is the study of computer programs that implement logic .
advantageous quality
iterative deepening
textual entailment
textual entailment is the task of determining , e. text structure is a term that applies to the larger organizing pattern of a complete text , passage .
constraint logic programming
breadth-first search
jordan curve theorem
jordan curve theorem is the construction of a path joining two points and missing a curve .
capacity
logical agent
a logical agent is an encapsulation of state and behavior , developed during the system design process , which may not even be independently actualizable .
search engine
application domain
communication channel
a communication channel is a mechanism for communication between a transmitter and a receiver , where the information flow transits the ntcb partition .
case-based reasoning
process of applying
sensing action
sensing action is the reduction in entropy of the posterior distribution that is induced by the measurement .
knowledge representation
scaled orthographic projection
scaled orthographic projection is a first order approximation of the perspective projection .
finite automaton
a finite automaton is an algorithm with a finite memory which scans through an input string or text .
spatial network
derivation
speech acts planning
motion planning
simplest method
region
hidden markov model
heap
in computer science , a heap is a specialized tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property : if b is a child node of a , then key ≥ key .
laser range finder
laser range finder is an digital distance measuring device capable of providing accurate distance measure for 2 to 60ft or approximately 0.55 .
dfs
a dfs is a depth first search . .
incremental learning
abstraction planning
information retrieval
process of replacing
unsupervised learning
deductive system
mobile robot
a mobile robot is a type of robot with its own engine or power able to move without constraints on its path . .
decision-theoretic planning
oriented pattern
consistent plan
derivation tree
derivation tree is a mechanism of finding out what labwork has been done on this note : the derivation tree is still a work in progress and therefore diagnostic .
parallel text
parallel text is one of the most valuable resources for development of statistical machine translation systems and other nlp applications .
background process
satisfiability problem
creating
notational system
situation space planning
kernel
a kernel is a scheme-like language .
gain ratio
robotics
robotics is the science of creating artificial intelligence .
knowledge engineering
bounded-error planning
learning architecture
a learning architecture is a strategic design for learning to meet a particular business goal in a particular situation .
encapsulation
a encapsulation is the ability to provide users with a well-defined interface to a set of functions in a way which hides their internal workings .
search tree
a search tree is representation of all possible computation paths .
natural deduction
knowledge-based system
knowledge-based system is a reduction of the operating costs .
similarity
a similarity is the relation of sharing properties .
ordinary differential equation
spatial relation
spatial relation is defined as the distance of an object located in space in relation to a certain reference object .
uninformed search algorithm
context-free grammar
decision rule
production system
a production system is a computer program typically used to provide some form of artificial intelligence , which consists primarily of a set of rules about behavior .
intercausal reasoning
intercausal reasoning is a common inference pattern involving probabilistic .
inference pattern
input pattern
hierarchical decomposition planning
fully instantiated plan
semantic grammar
a semantic grammar is a formal definition of a language that uses concepts from a particular domain of discourse to specify acceptable expressions in that .
bang-bang control
bang-bang control is a positive ( ) feedback mechanism .
line orthogonality pattern
belief network construction
web mining
machine learning algorithm
encapsulation
polygon
a polygon is a representation of a targets in computer graphics .
dimensionality reduction
unsupervised learning
remote agent
a remote agent is a computer program aboard a spacecraft that controls the spacecraft .
compiler
syntax
game robot
weighted heuristics mechanism
derivative
regular expression
robotics
rate
in mathematics , a rate is a ratio between two measurements , often with different units .
functioning
a functioning is a process or manner of functioning or operating .
mixture model
information retrieval
capacity
software engineering
regression
interval-valued definition
decision tree
composite object
a composite object is an encapsulation of a group of other objects that together provide a commonly useful graphical representation .
search spaces planning
computational resource
compiler
expository text
expository text is text that is written to communicate information .
incremental search
incremental search is a mechanism in visual studio 2010 by which you can search and focus on the searched keyword without any ui blocking from the user end .
actuator
a actuator is a mechanism that puts something into automatic action .
arithmetic notation
arithmetic notation is a programming language
knowledge-based system
cognitive psychology
deferred planning
mobot
expression pattern
markov chain
modeling
data mining
operator reduction
satisfiability checking
satisfiability checking is equivalent to consistency checking ) but uses the same model construction .
bidirectional search
bidirectional search is a graph search algorithm that finds a shortest path from an initial the idea behind bidirectional search is to simultaneously search both .
two-valued logic
memory limitation
process of enclosing
declarative programming language
beam search
epistemic logic
process of searching
orthogonality pattern
constraint logic programming language
similarity network
a similarity network is a construction consisting of a similarity graph and a collection of local knowledge maps corresponding to each edge in the similarity graph .
htn planning
htn planning is similar to classical planning in that each world state is represented by a set of literals and each action corresponds to a state .
coreference resolution
coreference resolution is the task of grouping all the mentions of entities into equivalence classes so that each class represents a discourse entity .
additive utility function
regression model
ultimately , a regression model is an approximation to a more realistic statistical model and a constant term is the first term in any approximation .
morphology
compact geometric representation
reach
a reach is the distance from the center of the robot to the fullest extension of the robotic arm .
training algorithm
robot box
increase
combinatorial auction
a combinatorial auction is a mechanism for simultaneously selling different items by allowing participants to the auction to bid on bundles ( ) of them .
logic theorist
logic theorist is a computer program written in 1955 and 1956 by ( ) , ( ) and ( ) .
bilingual lexicon
bilingual lexicon is a crucial resource for cross-lingual ap - plications of natural language processing ( ) including machine translation ( ) , .
backtracking search
computer language
shallow parser
a shallow parser is a computer program which can determine the boundaries of phrases in a sentence , but not the complete structure .
binary tree
cooperative coevolution
cooperative coevolution is quite an elaborate mechanism .
temporal reasoning
temporal reasoning is a branch of artificial intelligence ( ) and involves the formal represen - tation of time and a computational reasoning system for it .
reasoning with uncertainty
reasoning with uncertainty is the branch of artificial intelligence one approach to reasoning with uncertainty is to use higher-order nonmonotonic .
fine-motion planning
utterance
a utterance is the ability to speak .
input
psychology
homeomorphism
a homeomorphism is a similarity in the crystal structure of unrelated compounds .
knowledge engineering
linear plan
parallel architecture
a parallel architecture is a set of processors arranged into an unoriented graph pattern by communication lines that connect them .
skolemization
skolemization is a syntactic transformation routinely used in automatic inference systems in which existential variables are replaced by ` new ' functions - function .
dependency-directed backtracking
training pattern
holonomic robot
a holonomic robot is a robot which can rotate at the same place with a turning radius of zero , and a nonholonomic robot is a car-like robot with minimal bound of .
deduction system
information processing
information processing is the process of receiving information through the senses analyzing and making it meaningfull .
cognitive psychology
indirect speech act
fuzzy logic
regression
sign
information processing
execution monitoring
execution monitoring is the robot 's process of observing the world for discrepancies between the actual world and its internal representation of it , .
dimensionality reduction
joint of a robot
learning scheme
learning scheme is sort of like the dna of programming languages -- you may never use it directly , but you will very likely use descendants of .
principle of database system
transition function
software development
a software development is the translation of a user need or marketing goal into a software product .
iterative algorithm
derivative
parse tree
a parse tree is a hierarchical representation of .
logical definition
gain
machine translation
binary tree
adaptive control theory
execution mechanism
well-established technique
hidden markov model
data mining
gene expression pattern
non-metric distance
blocks world planning
user response
a user response is an instruction you issue to the computer by replying to a question posed by a computer program , such as do you want to save the change you .
indeterminacy
a indeterminacy is the quality of being vague and poorly defined .
relation-independent pattern
word sense disambiguation
word sense disambiguation is the task of identifying the correct sense for the word in a given context among a finite set of possible senses , and plays an important role in many natural language processing applications such as machine translation , document classification , and information retrieval .
temporal reasoning
pattern mining
pattern mining is the task of finding existing patterns in data .
sample pattern
sparse coding
sparse coding is a statistical generative model where the natural images are linear the original sparse coding is a generative model and ev - ery time the new .
nonlinear plan
indeterminacy
cognitive robotics
cognitive robotics is concerned with enabling robots to perform higher level cog - nitive functions sucha as perception , reasoning and action in complex , .
scheme-like language
robot motion planning
parallel corpus
parallel corpus is a very essential resource for developing many machine translation systems , particularly for those that are based on statistical learning algorithms .
configuration space
axiomatic definition
linear classifier
limitation
a limitation is the quality of being limited or restricted .
logic programming language
a logic programming language is a notational system for writing logical statements together with specified algorithms for implementing inference rules .
procedural algorithm
spatial reasoning
spatial reasoning is an intelligence that effortlessly blends , weaves , decorates and measures geometric constructs once students learn the basic connect-the-dots knowledge that governs this system .
software architecture
context-free grammar
genetic algorithm
a genetic algorithm is a computer program that tries potential solutions and evaluates them .
specialized tree-based data structure
adjective phrase
an adjective phrase is a reduction of an adjective clause .
kernel discriminant analysis
kernel discriminant analysis is based on a conceptual transformation from the input space into a nonlinear high - dimensional feature space .
qualitative reasoning
qualitative reasoning is an area of artificial intelligence that creates representations for continuous aspects of the world to support reasoning with .
bar code
search approach
confidence interval
completeness of a plan
partial instantiation
partial instantiation is the transformation in which the only part of features from its meta-model ( ) is selected and variant features are derived from .
constraint logic programming language
additivity of utility function
optical flow
anaphora resolution
anaphora resolution is a central task in natural language understanding systems .
gaussian process
input resolution
distance function
a distance function is a particular way of calculating distance , such as the euclidean distance between two vectors . .
nondeterministic planning
nondeterministic planning is similar to decision-theoretic planning in that it considers actions with multiple outcomes , allows plan execution to include .
unbounded indeterminacy
block
a block is the distance from one street to another in a city that is built to a grid pattern .
gain
inheritance with exception
inheritance with exception is a semantic pattern that is very often useful .
with domain
baum-welch algorithm
baum-welch algorithm is likely to reach a local maxi - mum of the posterior , while the other algorithms should tend to average over posterior parameters .
lexical database
a lexical database is a lexical resource which has an associated software environment database which permits access to its contents .
case-based planning
alpha-beta pruning
program synthesis
computational efficiency
computational efficiency is an important limitation in object tracking algorithms and different efficient techniques , such as the projected-out optimization , have been proposed .
cryptography
cryptography is defined as the principles , means , and methods for rendering information unintelligible , and for restoring the encrypted information back into intelligible form .
room
intelligence method
functionality
a functionality is the ability to perform a task or function
recursive definition
a recursive definition is a definition of a function from which values of the function can be calculated in a finite number of steps .
computational complexity
linearization
linearization is the approximation of a nonlinear system as a linear system , based on the assumption that the system is almost linear within a certain range of .
unsupervised manner
bilingual dictionary
a bilingual dictionary is a great resource for you to master foreign languages .
probabilistic scheme
probabilistic scheme is a library for implementing prob - ability models in the central concept in probabilistic scheme is that of a probability .
exponential increase
sign
selection process
virtual reality
virtual reality is a computer program that allows you to interact with it and one way to use virtual reality is to create `` virtual objects '' that have properties like .
chess automaton
a chess automaton is a mechanism that purports to play .
similarity
bayesian network
conceptual clustering
conceptual clustering is an important way of summarizing and explaining data .
formalization planning
fortran
fortran is one of the oldest programming languages around .
decision tree
trajectory
multiplicative utility function
sequential search
system gain
appealing technique
classification task
acquisition
problem frame
hierarchical representation
adl formalism planning
artificial intelligence programming language
variable planning
knowledge representation
information retrieval
background knowledge
background knowledge is the experience and knowledge that a student brings to classroom learning .
word sense disambiguation
shape
sensor model
situation calculus planning
syntactic pattern
a syntactic pattern is a pattern based on syntax rules .
bilingual parallel corpus
string matching
string matching is the task of finding occurrences of a given `` pattern '' string within a target `` text '' string inputs : a text string ( ) and a pattern string (
multiple processor
humanoid robot
a humanoid robot is a robot that is based on the general structure of a human , such as a robot that walks on two legs and has an upper torso , or a robot that has .
autonomous robot
an autonomous robot is a robot that can sense the surrounding environment , navigate since the operating environment of the autonomous robot is constantly .
feedback mechanism
markov chain
bayesian
software agent
cleaning robot
commonsense ontology
commonsense ontology is a cultural construction , just as the concepts that articulate scientific theories are cultural constructions : `` theory may be deliberate , .
value-function approximation
ease-based planning
vehicle
a vehicle is an entity to achieve an end .
order
limitation
consequence relation
a consequence relation is a binary relation ∼ between sentences of classical propositional logic .
predicate logic
predicate logic is a formal deduction system whose atomic formulas are propositional functions .
process of removing
automaton
a automaton is a mechanism that can move automatically .
metaphor
cognitive science
cognitive science is the study of the human mind and brain , focusing on how the mind represents and manipulates knowledge and how mental representations .
text corpus
text corpus is an important knowledge source of it .
decision process
topic model
a topic model is a generative model for documents : it specifies a simple probabilistic procedure by which documents can be generated .
dynamic weighting
dynamic weighting is a mechanism to assign importance to a theory .
markov chain
decision theory
decision theory is the study of principles and algorithms for making correct decisions -- that is , decisions that allow an agent to achieve better .
nonholonomic robot
similarly , a nonholonomic robot is defined as a robot , that has one or more nonholonomic kinematic constraints ( ) .
navigation robot
protection interval
separable utility function
word segmentation
word segmentation is an important task in natural language processing ( ) for languages without word delimiters ( ) .
categorization task
robot architecture
a robot architecture is a set of guiding principles used to structure a robot 's control system .
formation
a formation is the geological features of the earth .
order approximation
version space
knowledge representation system
human user
human user is one of the most uncertain resources that intelligent methodologies human user is very important for the systems to behave as the user wishes .
library
in computer science , a library is a collection of resources used to develop software .
neural network learning
neural network learning is a major task within an ann that ensures it continues to be able to process data correctly and therefore perform its function properly .
neural information processing
total order planning
decision making
formal semantics
correlation analysis
decision-theoretic agent
conceptual graph
computational learning theory
family of inference relation
bucket sort
dialogue act
linear programming
source enterprise software development
planning algorithm
probabilistic reasoning
probabilistic reasoning is concerned with the uncertain reasoning about well defined events or concepts such as symptom-a and illness-x .
influence diagram
backus-naur form
sir , backus-naur form is a meta language used to formally describe the syntax of a language .
growth
a growth is a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important .
categorial grammar
math
a math is a science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement .
alpha-beta pruning
flow network
hash function
prim's algorithm
question answering
minimax decision
web mining
logic programming
model-based agent
search process
behavior
software verification
planning system
base relation
a base relation is a relation corresponding to an entity in the conceptual schema , whose tuples are physically stored in the database .
incremental dynamic programming procedure
information property
knowledge acquisition
item of information
inductive inference
inductive inference is reasoning that justifies change from one state of full belief or absolute certainty to another by adding new information to the initial state that .
kruskal's algorithm
domain theory
chronological backtracking
chronological backtracking is a very simple algorithm , pro- gressively theorem 1 , we can conclude that chronological backtracking is complete .
automatic programming
automatic programming
distributed processing
distributed processing is a functionality that exists within the ftk 3 application that allows users to create a distributed processing cluster with .
mathematical relation
transformational grammar
asymptotic analysis
tiling algorithm
execution time
completeness of resolution
completeness of resolution is an immediate consequence of this theorem .
natural language interface
a natural language interface is a specially designed graphical user interface for dealing with natural language input and output .
pragmatic
pragmatic is a global open source enterprise software development , consulting and training company .
ontological engineering
operator schema
an operator schema is the generalised representation of a state-transition .
adaptive dynamic programming
adaptive dynamic programming is an on-line tuning method .
recursive definition
propagation procedure
information value theory
information value theory is a decision analytic approach to calculating the economic value of new information .
abstract algebra
back-propagation
back-propagation is a training algorithm used to make a layered network learn a functional mapping between a set of input patterns and their respective outputs .
negative feedback
negative feedback is the process of pointing out what someone is doing poorly and telling him how to change it .
cluster assignment matrix
stochastic simulation
description logic
a description logic is a formal language for knowledge represen - .
ordering constraint
ordering constraint is a set of clauses .
pagerank
knowledge-based approach
complete proof procedure
merge sort
actor model of computation
rule of thumb
point-based algorithm
point-based algorithm is the parallel vector algorithm .
addition of knowledge
backward chaining
partial mapping
temporal relation
a temporal relation is a relation of earlier than or later than to a certain degree .
sequential voting rule
source domain
information extraction
information extraction is an area of natural language processing that is concerned with examining unstructured text in order to extract concepts and relationships between these concepts .
process of analyzing
conditional random field
thesis
telepathic communication
telepathic communication is the universal language among animals .
approximate counting
approximate counting is a probabilistic algorithm proposed by r. morris ( ) that allows an approximate count in the interval 1 to n using only .
production rule
production rule is a rule which describes the fuzzy relation between two propositions .
hypothetical algorithm
existential introduction
existential introduction is the opposite rule in which you applied .
propagation algorithm
minimax search
minimax search is the oldest algorithm in game theory or multi-agent systems : zermelo used it in 1913 to prove that there were optimal .
knowledge source
knowledge source is a leading source of healthcare business information and analyses services for executives who seek a competitive edge .
locally structured system
random restart
random restart is perhaps the simplest method to use .
psychological model
a psychological model is a theory which explains the phenomena of a condition .
target language
a target language is a computer language into which something written in another computer language is to be translated .
turing machine
conflict resolution
first-order language
hybrid approach
regular grammar
a regular grammar is a set of rules such that the regular expressions of the rules recognize pairwise disjoint languages .
artificial intelligence research
artificial intelligence research is typically associated with domains such as speech synthesis and recognition , language translation , image recognition , and .
finite-state automaton
a finite-state automaton is a mathematical abstraction sometimes used to design digital logic or computer programs .
utility theory
process of measuring
model-based reasoning
unsatisfied clause
agent-based software engineering
face recognition
face recognition is a new feature among digital cameras .
object recognition
chronological backtracking
process of acquiring
model-based reasoning
meta-comment
meta-comment is communication about communication , as in .
speech understanding
speech understanding is key to communication .
hierarchical task network
a hierarchical task network is a planning system that uses a hierarchy of primitive and compound tasks to define a planning domain .
cardinal direction calculus
approximate counting
obstacle avoidance
convex hull
convex hull is a very important data structure of computational geometry design .
optical character recognition
naive method
extraction process
multi-document summarization
branching factor
branching factor is just the ratio of how long it takes to search ply n +1 branching factor is used when describing tree structures (
syntactic parsing
ontological commitment
reference ontology
a reference ontology is analogous to a scientific theory
mathematical theory of computation
data mining technique
speech recognition
speech recognition refers to the systems ability to recognise the words spoken not the speaker ) .
discriminant analysis
truth maintenance
the name truth maintenance is due to the ability of these systems to restore consistency .
incomplete information
regular path query
graphical user interface
a gui or graphical user interface is an user interface , that talks to the user using graphics .
adjective phrase
random walk
execution time
integer linear programming
differential equation
a differential equation is an expression that relates quantities and their rates of the solution to a differential equation is not simply a number
propositional logic
reactive planning
description logic
merging framework
horn logic
hash table
distance method
parse forest
a parse forest is a concise representation of a number of parse trees for .
feature extraction
disambiguation
disambiguation is the process of retaining relevant translation and removing the disambiguation is performed by selecting the equivalent whose sentence .
binary classification
probabilistic grammar
probabilistic grammar is a data modelling technique playing an increasing in this study , the probabilistic grammar is built on the patterns model extracted by .
logical inference
text categorization
graph mining
discourse coherence
discourse coherence is a scalar phenomenon , however .
logical positivism
checkers learning
word segmentation
sensor node platform
randomized algorithm
a randomized algorithm is a deterministic algorithm with the extra ability of making random choices during the computation that are independent of the .
term rewriting
term rewriting is an appealing technique for performing program analysis and program in this paper , many-sorted first-order term rewriting is extended with .
natural language processing
majority function
polynomial-time algorithm
a polynomial-time algorithm is an algorithm whose execution time is either givenby a polynomial on the size of the input , or can be bounded by such a polynomial .
grammar formalism
intercausal inference
semi-supervised learning
cognitive robotics
breadth first search
graph representation
fuzzy logic
distributed processing
informed search
temporal logic
temporal logic is a language for expressing relationships between the order of events occurring over time .
random field
patrol algorithm
ontological engineering
priority queue
protocol
a protocol is an accepted code of conduct
certainty factor
functional description
syntactically , a functional description is a set of attribute and value pairs ( ) ( ) , where a is an attribute ( ) and v is either an atomic value or a nested feature set .
monte-carlo search
monte-carlo search is search method to use not random player but monte-carlo player in simulation .
artificial agent
heuristic search
a heuristic search is a search technique that applies heuristics to reduce the size of a problem domain . .
text interpretation
semantic tree
b-tree
markov network
rational decision
a rational decision is based on testing and data and an understanding of the mechanics underneath the system you 're working on .
causal link
parallel distributed processing
parallel processing
local consistency
local consistency is often a suitable paradigm for solving constraint satisfaction problems .
q-learning
cognitive architecture
process of dividing
means-ends analysis
pattern recognition
in machine learning , pattern recognition is the assignment of some sort of output value ( ) to a given input value ( ) , according to some specific algorithm .
cross-correlation
cell decomposition
short-term memory
short-term memory is an expression used by psychologists when they realized this memory type .
heap property
summarizing
summarizing is a process of condensing or expressing in short something you have read , watched or heard .
robot system
hardness
a hardness is the quality of being difficult to do .
mathematical theory of evidence
benchmark
a benchmark is a set of routines or actions used to evaluate computer performance .
confidence interval
robot motion planning
computational learning theory
machine translation
mechanical device
occurrence of event
pattern matching
sequential testing algorithm
compliant motion
software architecture
computing system
discrete event
rating matrix
genetic engineering
coherence relation
a coherence relation is a relation among clauses or sentences , such as elaboration , support , cause , or exemplification .
blocks-world learning
robotic device
conditional action
a conditional action is equivalent to a vhdl process or a verilog always process .
information extraction
fuzzy set
complete algorithm
statistical relational learning
tractability of inference
algorithm of figure
support
goal-driven approach
turing machine
psycholinguistic study
temporal logic
two-tailed t-test
a two-tailed t-test is the conservative test traditionally employed when the deviation from the pre-test mean can either increase or decrease in the post-test data .
refinement strategy
information gain
use ofsearch technique
principal component analysis
rule-based system
a rule-based system is a way of encoding a human expert 's knowledge in a fairly narrow area into an automated system .
intelligent agent
immortal agent
straightforward implementation
a straightforward implementation is the fdtd approach .
reactive planning
linear combination
a linear combination is a vector in rn created by adding together scalar multiples of other vectors in .
state variable
a state variable is a precisely measurable physical property which characterizes the state of a system , independently of how the system was brought to that state .
nonparametric technique
automated reasoning
constraint propagation
propositional logic
evidential corpus
language understanding
dewey decimal system
formal language
fuzzy set
automaton pruning
empirical evaluation
empirical evaluation is a necessarytool forobtainingthis knowledge .
atomic concept
an atomic concept is a representation of a concept that is not composed of other simpler concept representations within a particular terminology .
limited rational agent
complexity analysis
complexity analysis is one of the most techniques and therefore we consider it to architecture of a modern corporate .
computer vision
decision trees learning
pattern recognition
service composition
programmer
iterative refinement algorithm
forward checking
forward checking is a propagation procedure that guarantees that at each step of the search , all the constraints between already assigned .
passive learning
passive learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skill where the acquisition of the knowledge or skill was not deliberately intended by .
description logic
top-down learning
algorithmic compatibility
algorithmic compatibility is the property of data distributions of matrix a , matrix b , and matrix .
deterministic algorithm
game tree
a game tree is an abstract representation of an actual game .
indexing scheme
policy iteration
policy iteration is an algorithm for the exact solving of op - timization and game theory problems , formulated as equations on min max affine expressions .
theory resolution
dependency-directed backtracking
case-based reasoning
grammar formalism
process of ensuring
discriminative model
a discriminative model is a probability model in which the most likely values of hidden variables are calculated directly from the observed variable values without using the probability of the observed values .
standard deviation
iterative improvement
similarity measure
syntax
procedural semantics
finally , procedural semantics is a top-down or backward-chaining technique .
target compilation language
situation calculus
situation calculus is a first order language with following key concepts : situation = possible world history , which is a sequence of actions .
component technology
public key encryption
public key encryption is an asymmetric key algorithm .
unsupervised learning
text classification
rsa encryption
feature of a state
expressive power
acoustic-phonetic rule
knowledge-based learning
viterbi algorithm
memory-based model
logical implication
low-level process
natural deduction
stochastic dominance
stochastic dominance is of practical importance in this context as it guarantees that a policy that optimizes expected seek distance also guarantees optimal seek .
conceptual clustering
inductive logic
meta language
policy iteration
process of updating
intelligence test
an intelligence test is a psychological or educational test designed to measure intellectual operations , functions , and general abilities .
kinematics
pre-trained classifier
nested monte-carlo search
nested monte-carlo search is an algorithm that uses no domain specific knowledge and which is widely applicable .
interleaving
interleaving is a feature of broadband technology which uses powerful error - correction algorithms to improve broadband speed and stability on long or noisy .
stochastic simulation
process of testing
order language
logical consequence
logical consequence is a fundamental concept in logic .
noncomputability
noncomputability is the negative formulation of what turns out to be a basic , and highly significant , feature of biological organisms in their interactions .
idealized representation
belief propagation
belief propagation is an iterative algorithm , which tries to .
computational complexity theory
computational complexity theory is the study of the complexity of problems -- that is , the difficulty of solving them .
forward-backward algorithm
in computer science , the forward-backward algorithm is an algorithm for computing the probability of a particular observation sequence in the context of .
gaussian elimination
in linear algebra , gaussian elimination is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations , finding the rank of a matrix , and calculating the inverse of an .
data extraction
lattice theory
lattice theory is a theory about preorders .
merge sort
speaker identification
speaker identification is the process of identifying different speakers usually , speaker identification is done by one of the following methods .
transformational grammar
adjacency matrix
an adjacency matrix is a matrix which describes a graph by if $ g $ is a graph of order $ n $ , then its adjacency matrix is an $ n times n $ square .
constructive induction
hierarchical clustering
beam search
automated debugging
quantificational calculus
graphical property
condition-action rule
a condition-action rule is an expression of form `` if enable s '' or `` if change state to f '' or where .
conversation
temporal logic
brain
gold standard
a gold standard is a test or measure of comparison that is considered ultimate or ideal .
discourse understanding
• discourse understanding is a process of updating a dialogue state by a user utterance .
speech act interpretation
generalised representation
nearest neighbor
a nearest neighbor is a data mining technique that performs prediction by finding the prediction value of records similar to the record to be predicted . .
probabilistic updating procedure
autonomous agent
an autonomous agent is a computer simulation that is based on concepts from artificial life research .
optimally efficient algorithm
data matrix
data matrix is a high density 2 dimensional matrix style bar code that was first newest version of data matrix is called ecc 200 and is recommended for all .
base relation
active agent
case-based reasoning
incremental process
objective function
objective function is a mathematical expression describing a relationship of the optimization parameters or the result of an operation ( ) that .
consistency checking
pattern recognition
well-established method
classification accuracy
boolean query
a boolean query is a query using one or more of the boolean operators and , or , and not . for example , a search for all species of snakes which live in north america or south america , do not live in africa , and are poisonous . see boolean algebra . .
mathematical induction
anytime algorithm
anytime algorithm is a smooth trajectory that complies with the dynamic constraints of the robot and can therefore be tracked by the robot with high precision .
resolve
a resolve is a formal expression by a meeting .
scanner in chart parsing
compression
knowledge source
linear regression
linear regression is the glm regression algorithm supported by oracle data mining .
combined indexing
protocol
weight vector
mathematical model
translation of language
temporal logic
qualitative reasoning
telepathic communication
proof graph
user interface
a user interface is the system by which people ( ) interact with a machine .
statistical approach
model checking
active learning
active learning is learning by `` doing .
correlation analysis
if-then rule
an if-then rule is an expression of the form .
orthography
image reconstruction
data-driven inference
error rate
excellence
a excellence is the quality of being excellent
semantic indexing
np-completeness
field of research
artificial intelligence
kolmogorov complexity
lookup table
syntactic parsing
visibility graph
selection sorting
selection sorting is an algorithm for sorting lists of data and is specifically an in place comparison sort .
logical entailment
logical entailment is the relation of truth preservation for all possible truth-value assignments logical entailment is both monotonic and transitive : ~ g a = \ b only .
parsing chart
vector of variable
formal semantics
composite decision process
motion planning complexity
htn model
boltzmann machine
decision-making agent
ability of agent
natural language
analogical mapping
analogical mapping is a matching process that is sensitive to three main .
applied statistic
an applied statistic is the fraction or percentage ... 0 .1 4 0 .1 2 0 .1 0 0 .0 8 expected value = ? = np standard deviation = σ = npq ? .
nondeterminism
nondeterminism is a algorithm to solve a problem by just defining it .
input vector
a input vector is a vector presented to the network . .
matching algorithm
adaptive control
adaptive control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled system with parameters which vary , or are initially uncertain .
macroscopic phenomenon
reasoning system
a reasoning system is a computing system that can solve a reasoning task ( ) .
dynamic logic
communication protocol
a communication protocol is a set of rules that must be adhered to by two or more processes ( ) during their communication .
logical formalism
debugging
debugging is finding bugs in our software and correcting them as necessary .
cognitive psychology
matching process
ratio of efficiency
optical character recognition
decoding algorithm
interleaving
behavior-based system
adaptive control
inverse resolution
inverse resolution is a complete algorithm for learning first-order theories ( ) .
inference procedure
iterative dynamic programming
probabilistic planning
probabilistic planning is based on markov decision processes .
bayesian updating
bayesian updating is a well-established technique .
constrained shortest path finding
data extraction
satellite-based navigation system
decision analysis
unsupervised learning
coreference resolution
logical equivalence
dolev-yao model
representation of document
communication channel
learning process
fcrfs model
satisfiability checking
knowledge property
relative clause
a relative clause is a kind of subordinate clause which is attached to a head noun a restrictive relative clause is required to identify what is being referred to .
protocol
process of retaining
rsa encryption
goal-oriented theory
complexity analysis
reductio ad absurdum
omniscient agent
ray tracing
d-separation
d-separation is a graphical property of bayesian networks and has the following implication : if two sets of nodes x and y are d-separated in .
parsing
merging process
exchange of information
hybrid model
a hybrid model refers to an expression of a state transition such as the one shown in fig .
prior knowledge
learning system
probabilistic algorithm
speech synthesis
material handling
material handling is a science of motion , managing and storing of content for the period of transportation .
prior probability
laser range finder
iterative deepening
conditional event
a conditional event is an event in a reduced sample space .
stopword removal
neural network learning
spectral kernel
natural language
graph data structure
greedy agent
evolutionary programming
metonymy
metonymy is an intradomain phenomenon .
simplification rule
herbrand base
boolean formula
linear programming
probabilistic network
binary heap
q-learning
information gain
compilation language
abstract argumentation framework
an abstract argumentation framework is based on a monotonic deductive system ( ) , where v is a formal language and r is a set of inference rules .
representation of causality
dealing
model-based reasoning
problem formulation
problem formulation is the process of deciding what actions and states to consider .
symbolic integration
maximum entropy
natural deduction
scalar phenomenon
photogrammetry
public key encryption
model of knowledge
forward checking
behaviour of agent
non-human entity
process of condensing
source of datum
explanation-based learning
dotted rule
a dotted rule is a data structure used in top-down parsing to record parital solutions towards discovering a constituent .
computer simulation
functional programming
sensitivity analysis
machine-learning approach
default rule
the term default rule is used to describe a rule with a query scope of all .
rule-based architecture
two-level morphology
two-level morphology is a system which relates lexical representations of ( ) ( ) two-level morphology is not phonology -- but rather ( ) morphology or ( ) it .
integer factorization
in number theory , integer factorization is the process of breaking down a composite number into smaller non-trivial divisors , which when .
conditional event
discretization
single entity
model-based approach
sequential search
utility theory
theory resolution
bayesian learning
min-conflicts
min-conflicts is an appealing technique described in ( ) .
gaussian elimination
environment property
an environment property is a property that is automatically initialized to the value of a system environment variable that has the same name .
causal inference
program synthesis
adaptive planning
value iteration
cooperative coevolution
web mining
state variable
software architecture
breadth first search tree
feature subscription
a feature subscription is a set of features , user - defined precedence constraints , and a set of catalogue precedence constraints defined on the selected features .
prediction-estimation process
pragmatic interpretation
contingency planning
context-free grammar
logical consequence
object-oriented programming
matching methodology
matching methodology is a superficial minimum distance method .
conversation
transformational grammar
quantization
obstacle avoidance
machine evolution
process of producing
agent-based software engineering
string matching
formal grammar
nlp
regret minimization
mesh generation
mesh generation is the process of dividing the analysis continuum into a number of discrete parts or finite elements .
natural language processing
machine intelligence
machine intelligence is concerned with computational techniques for representing and reasoning about complex objects .
stochastic dominance
computational linguistics
model-based recognition
conditional probability table
conditional probability table is a right stochastic matrix which means that each row consists of non-negative real numbers and is summing to 1 .
autoepistemic logic
edge base
depth first search tree
experimental evaluation
head of a clause
game theory
software engineering
dcg
dcg is an international software development consulting firm helping companies frustrated with development costs , hampered by poor quality or struggling to .
ray tracing
prior knowledge
figure of speech
a figure of speech is a language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense .
bit of information
vector quantization
script
exponential growth
a exponential growth is the growth in the value of a quantity , in which the rate of growth is proportional to the instantaneous value of the quantity
description logic
vhdl process
web mining
probabilistic network
processing system
control theory
control theory is the first scientific theory that can handle all these phenomena within a single testable concept of how living systems work .
game theory
optimization model
dempster-shafer theory
knowledge map
linguistic expression
standard deviation
data fusion
family of programming language
linked list
kernel method
algorithmic complexity
normalization
alpha-beta pruning
fibonacci heap
nested monte-carlo search
vector-space model
vector-space model is a similarly limited abstraction of the graph structure , into a representation on which straightforward classification techniques can be built .
completeness of a search algorithm
diagnostic rule
constraint optimization
loss function
program agent
robotic agent
kernel learning
kernel learning is a paradigm in the eld of machine learning that generalizes the use of inner products to compute similarities between arbitrary .
classification accuracy
accurate classifier
tokenization
tokenization is the process of replacing some piece of sensitive data with a value that is not considered sensitive in the context of the environment that consumes the token and the original sensitive data .
string matching
fuzzy logic
computational model of discourse
activation function
lexicalized formalism
mereology
symmetric matrix
a symmetric matrix is a square matrix that is its own transpose , and is symmetric about the main diagonal .
empirical study
an empirical study is a report of original research in which an hypothesis is tested
knowledge-based agent
a knowledge-based agent is essentially a model-based agent : knowledge representation .
value iteration
robotic discipline
maximum entropy
information theory
a information theory is a branch of applied mathematics and engineering involving the quantification of information sent over a communication channel , disregarding the meaning of the sent messages , exemplified by the noisy-channel coding theorem .
cognitive psychology
robot trajectory
hash table
irrational behavior
supervised method
domain of discourse
symbolic planning
bigram model
bigram model is a simple and popular simplification , which makes the following approximation .
cryptography
control theory
control system
expectimax
expectimax is a variation of the minimax algorithm that combines the minimization and maximization nodes of minimax search with chance .
tlplan system
non-deterministic domain
truth-functionality
intuitively , truth-functionality is the ability to compute a result from some input data , i. e. to combine information to obtain new information .
inheritance
inheritance is a relation between two classes .
polynomial time
unit resolution
regular expression
polygonal model
software specification
cryptographic algorithm
grammar formalism
proving approach
belief propagation
source of knowledge
loom
loom or loom is a knowledge representation language developed by researchers in the artificial intelligence research group at the university of southern california 's information sciences institute .
estimation
a estimation is the process of making an estimate .
support vector machine
local consistency algorithm
minimax search
induction algorithm
an induction algorithm is a learning algorithm used to capture the concept behind the the induction algorithm is a part of the feature search engine itself .
task network
a task network is a graphic representation of the task flow for a project .
graceful degradation
graceful degradation is the process of using scripting and programming to ensure a website can still be viewed on older machines or less sophisticated .
cognitive science
hierarchical clustering
training corpus
maximum likelihood
pac learning
control knowledge
control knowledge is the tlplan system by bacchus .
optical flow
normative theory
a normative theory is a goal-oriented theory that represents real world situations , not as they are , but as they should be .
decision analysis
formulation
greedy algorithm
a greedy algorithm refers to a type of optimization algorithm that seeks to optimize each factor in each step , so that eventually the optimal solution is reached .
well-formed formula
a well-formed formula is an expression built up in the usual way by means of the connective d and the quantifiers from elementary well-formed formulas .
background knowledge
core language engine
the core language engine ( ) ( ) is a domainindependent system developed at sri cambridge , which translates english sentences into formal representations .
similarity metric
algorithmic complexity
optical flow
event calculus
event calculus is a specific formalism for reasoning about events , described here : http : \ \ en.wikipedia.org \ wiki\ event calculus .
linear equation
engineering
diagnostic inference
invariant shape representation
extractive activity
item of knowledge
kernel discriminant analysis
linked list
nondeterminism
heuristic search
logistic regression
cross-correlation
wordnet
description logic
synthesis of algorithm
belief function
belief function is bayesian , one reaches the bayesian conclusion that any posterior beliefs can be represented in the form of a probability measure , .
implicit representation
multi-agent platform
routine
random variable
process of deciding
prototypical implementation
a prototypical implementation is available including source .
human cognition
autonomous vehicle
an autonomous vehicle is a driverless system which can derive information about the environment from its on-board sensors , make decisions based on the .
syntactic ambiguity
syntactic ambiguity is information property consistent with sentences which may be parsed digital more that one way .
expectiminimax complexity
coreference resolution
linear classifier
software specification
script
on-line tuning method
natural language processing
backtracking
long-distance dependency
long-distance dependency is one of the major sources of problems in the process of detecting syntacti - cally related associations .
content-based image retrieval
inference algorithm
machine translation
experimental vehicle
dijkstra's algorithm
autonomous agent
matrix factorization
qualitative spatial reasoning
data matrix
computational property
computational property is actually an emergent property of hundreds of thousands of neurons cooperating to produce the amazing processing .
gaussian kernel
a gaussian kernel is a kernel with the shape of a gaussian ( ) curve .
grammar attribute
genetic algorithm
intrinsic property
the name intrinsic property is a member-name property .
multi-document summarization
sensory stimulus
goal-based agent
experience
a experience is the knowledge thus gathered .
subsumption architecture
built-in knowledge
collaborative filtering
successor function
in effect , the successor function is a virtual representation of the entire search tree , since it enables any part of the tree to be brought into .
tree search
tree search is one of the central algorithms of any game playing program .
consistency algorithm
dynamic symbol
a dynamic symbol is the defining feature of our current ampang-kl strategy .
reflex agent
sift feature
domain theory
process monitoring
vacuum agent
logical reasoning
logical reasoning is the process of using a rational , systematic series of steps based on sound mathematical procedures and given statements to arrive at a.
algorithmic complexity
question answering
prepositional phrase
normalization
statistical relational learning
active vision
unsupervised learning algorithm
relative error
relative error is the ratio of the absolute error of the measurement to the when the accepted or true measurement is known , the relative error is found using .
morphology
process of selecting
pagerank
syntactic parser
a syntactic parser is an important module of various kinds of natural language processing systems .
knowledge-based system
reduction algorithm
logic programming
first-order language
artificial intelligence
assumption-based system
speech act
a speech act is an utterance that is grammatically similar to a statement but is neither true nor false , though it is perfectly meaningful .
conditional independence
dynamical system
a dynamical system is a concept in mathematics where a fixed rule describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space .
utility-based agent
computer vision
quotient
a quotient is the ratio of two quantities to be divided .
causal model
discretization
em algorithm
declarative approach
refinement matrix
conceptual graph
training event
constraint based theory
hidden markov model
extrinsic property
an extrinsic property is a property defined solely in terms of functional relations , i.e. it is a property that is described with respect to something .
truth maintenance
tree decomposition
event calculus
fuzzy logic
linear regression
causation
a causation is the belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another . .
chart parser
a chart parser is a variety of parsing algorithm that maintains a table of well-formed substrings found so far in the sentence being parsed .
policy iteration
information theory
pattern matching
iterative deepening search
color
a color is a property of quarks , with three values called red , green , and blue , which they can exchange by passing gluons .
multi-class classifier
decision maker
benchmarking
autonomous robot
local consistency
constraint propagation
inflectional morphology
inflectional morphology is the phenomenon whereby the grammatical properties of a word ( ) are expressed by realizing the word in a particular form .
compilation complexity
spelling correction
spelling correction is an important feature in many different types of software applications , such as word processing applications and email applications .
trigger
incorporation
a incorporation is a linguistic phenomenon .
k-dl decision list
cryptography
virtual agent
document corpus
signal processing
action-utility table
support vector machine
dynamical system
strong connectivity algorithm
distance metric learning
distance metric learning is a parametric technique defined under the supervised setting .
hidden markov model
process of selecting feature
image edge
image edge is an important feature of image .
pruning
resource requirement
label propagation
annealing
maximum likelihood
pagerank
data-directed inference
user requirement
cognitive modelling
software engineering
short-term memory
theory resolution
stability of sorting algorithm
graph coloring
graph coloring is a register allocation algorithm that works by creating a graphical representation of the program .
speech synthesis
logic sampling
training datum
training datum is available to the system , whose the desired output is known .
natural language processing
process of dealing
web service
a web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices over a network .
pattern recognition
sensitivity analysis
goal predicate
first-order probabilistic logic
behavioral theory
game theory
web mining
software verification
cost function
web mining
support vector
a support vector refers to a characteristic vector si on the optimal identification hyperplane .
training sample
a training sample is a pair of a sample input vector and a desired output vector .
connectionism
parallel processing
convex polygon
a convex polygon is a polygon such that no line containing a side of the polygon contains a point in the interior of the polygon .
agent-oriented system
modell of event
computational complexity
autonomous vehicle underwater
state diagram
hacker
a hacker is a programmer who breaks into computer systems in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism .
computational complexity theory
intersection
a intersection is a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena .
dependency tree
game-theoretic consideration
prioritized sweeping
iterative deepening
node search
node search is a very useful feature and is function available or has it been deemed not necessary .
rational agent
cognitive science
version-space learning
version-space learning is an incremental process : -- if an instance i is added , the version space is revised so that it consists of all .
rewrite rule
advantage
a advantage is the quality of having a superior or more favorable position .
data modelling technique
bayesian updating
adjacency list
matrix multiplication
constraint calculus
possibility theory
finite element method
lattice theory
domain knowledge
domain knowledge is a formal representation of expert information in a particular field .
neural network hardware
neural network hardware is usually devices designed to implement neural to present the state of the art in neural network .
feature extraction
active learning
uncertain rule
fraction
a fraction is the quotient of two rational numbers .
optical character recognition
multiattribute utility theory
specularly reflected light
specularly reflected light is the same color as the source .
evolutionary programming
cryptography
taxonomic information
relational database
collaborative filtering
situated planning agent
reactive planner
a reactive planner is a system that builds or changes its .
fault
a fault is the quality of being inadequate or falling short of perfection .
hierarchical decomposition
hierarchical decomposition is the process of decomposing a system in a top down fashion .
baseline
computational learning theory
version space
similarity measure
execution monitoring
recommender system
situated language
acquisition of knowledge
acquisition of knowledge is the key feature that distinguishes education ( ) at any level from all other activities .
relation phrase
decision list
intuitively , a decision list is a useful representation for a boolean function whose a k-decision-list is a decision list in which each term ti consists of at most k.
quantum theory
quantum theory is the language of all particle theories .
ground term
a ground term is a variable-free tree structure built by operators from leaves .
recommender system
sentiment lexicon
sentiment lexicon is a common phenomenon when users are getting excited .
discriminative maximum entropy model
goal-directed reasoning
graph mining
vector algorithm
number theory
unsupervised learning
semantic interpretation
semantic interpretation is the process of converting the raw text of spoken utterances into a representation of data that is more easily .
vector quantization
binary search
forward chaining
associative memory
associative relation
an associative relation is a relation that is also an associative operation .
multilayer neural network
decision theory
domain adaptation
domain adaptation is of practical importance in many areas of applied machine learning , ranging from computational biology ( ) to natural language .
fdtd approach
connection method
hierarchical planning
hierarchical planning is one of the sources of inflexibility .
information extraction
speech feature
identity relation
in logic , the identity relation is normally defined as the relation that holds only between a thing and itself .
summarizing
knowledge engineer
non-euclidean geometry
optimal solution
an optimal solution is an integrated system for detecting attacks on several levels .
block
problem-solving system
production system
constraint network
hierarchical abstraction
diagnostic knowledge
with computational technique
event detection
cross-indexing
maximum entropy
normalization
instructional method
variable-free tree structure
logic programming
noun compound
a noun compound is an expression which is made up of more than one word and which functions in the clause as a noun .
formal grammar
role of domain knowledge
analogical language
analogical language is language , and the use of language , to suggest ideas by comparisons .
planning agent
encryption methodology
marker-passing algorithm
modal operator
modal operator is any expression that points out the modality in a scope that precedes a modal operator is a the modal operator is '' shall , '' the front scope is .
conditional probability
role inclusion
similarly , a role inclusion is an expression of the form .
psychological reasoning
semi-supervised learning
kernel function
orthogonal relation
cognitive architecture
belief network inference
descriptive theory
a descriptive theory is a behavioral theory of what people actually do when facing a decision .
forward chaining
dependency analysis
support vector machine
information extraction
convex hull
sensor measurement
artificial agent
output activity
multiagent system
inference method
an inference method is just a simple base language method marked with an annotation '' @ inferencemethod '' .
np-completeness
unsupervised learning
kalman filtering
most transparent model
query mining
hash function
causal rule
a causal rule is an expression of the form f ? g , where f and g are propositional formulas .5 these formulas are called the head and the body .
interval algebra
interval algebra is based on thirteen basic relations that can hold between intervals
statistical-relational learning
game theory
interleaving
driverless system
iterative deepening search
monotonic deductive system
discriminant analysis
adjacency list
process of pointing
cognitive architecture
decision procedure
wacky agent
tree decomposition
member-name property
metropolis algorithm
conceptual clustering
problem-solving heuristic
event detection
parallel processing
control method
integrability
a integrability is the quality of being integrable .
terminal test
knowledge acquisition
multi-core processor
a multi-core processor is a processing system composed of two or more or more individual processors , called cores , integrated onto a single chip package .
decision analysis
relevance-based learning
linear transformation
operations research
bayesian learning
graphic representation
nondeterministic algorithm
in the theory of computation , a nondeterministic algorithm is a hypothetical algorithm where computation can branch , choosing among different execution paths .
knowledge engineer
object-oriented database
process of forming
dynamical system
silhouette method
silhouette method is a graphical cluster validation technique , which can be used to select the number of clusters .
rate of convergence
surface error
speech recognition
anytime algorithm
parenthesized expression
schema rule
diagnostic method
semi-supervised feature selection
belief network inference complexity
propositional logic
divide and conquer algorithm
a divide and conquer algorithm is an algorithm that employs an algorithm strategy where a task is divided into smaller subtask of the same .
cognitive skill
cognitive skill is the ability to judge the number , order and identity of individual sounds in the language .
proof sketch
a proof sketch is the central data structure which represents the state of a proof .
kernel method
core algorithm
product rule
operations research
behavior-based robotics
knowledge compilation
knowledge compilation is the process of transforming a domain theory into a form specialized for the solution of a given problem set .
markov decision process
speedup learning
algebra of feature
systems ability
deterministic finite automaton
question-answering system
pattern matching
combinatory categorial grammar
combinatory categorial grammar is a lexicalized formalism that excels in dealing with long and short-range dependencies .
cross validation
degree of consistency
answer set programming
domain of value
production rule
problem formulation
new predicates learning
contingency
agent design
blind search
telepresence
telepresence is turning video communications into a near in-person experience .
unconditional probability
logic program
a logic program is a set of clauses with the restriction that there is exactly one positive literal in each clause .
memory rule
part-of-speech tagger
a part-of-speech tagger is a system which automat - ically assigns the part .
qualitative calculus
generalized resolution
generalized resolution is the following rule of inference : a1 amp; a2 amp; ... amp; am = ) b1 v b2 v ... v bk .
structural relationship
turing test
a turing test is a test proposed by alan turing in which a machine would be judged `` intelligent '' if the software could use conversation to fool a human into thinking it was talking with a person instead of a machine . .
production rule
case-based planning
utility function learning
process of recognizing
commonsense rule
activation level
lookup table
computational complexity theory
parametric technique
process of decomposing
mesh generation
probabilistic projection
probabilistic projection is a special case of reasoning about continuously changing quantities involving partial orders and other sorts of incomplete information .
conceptual clustering
backjumping
logistic regression
interleaving
role of heuristic
rule of combination
goal representation
deterministic automaton
deterministic automaton is a concept of automata theory in which the outcome of a transition from one state to another given a certain input can be predicted for .
least commitment
least commitment is a useful concept for analyzing when decisions should be made in any search problem .
completeness of a proof procedure
graphical device
dependency grammar
dependency grammar is a class of syntactic theories separate from generative grammar in which structure is determined by the relation between a word (
force sensor
a force sensor is a device that is used to measure the vector quantity of force .
automation of reasoning
inductive learning process
rational action
minimax algorithm
arithmetic operation
an arithmetic operation is dealing with data in a computational manner , adding subtracting , etca logical operation would normally be regarded a a comparison .
depth first search
graceful degradation
report
truth maintenance
sparse coding
blocks world
blocks world is a theory of the first-order predicate calculus with equality .
neural computation
neural computation is a macroscopic phenomenon that results from the interaction between ensembles of interacting neurons .
convolution
probabilistic reasoning
cryptography
process of eliminating
role hierarchy
role hierarchy is the structural representation of roles that reflects the organizational work break down structure .
user preference
user preference is one of the important user requirements .
indefinite domain
knowledge compilation
qualitative reasoning
annealing
active vision
multiagent system
motivation
multi-agent system
process of transforming
multiple inheritance
theorem proving
web mining
decision lists learning
diagonal matrix
a diagonal matrix is a symmetric matrix with all of its entries equal to zero except may be the ones on the diagonal .
detachment
actuator
normalization
knowledge compilation
subsumption architecture
language model
adaptive planning
problem-solving agent
mean square error
inductive logic programming
bounded optimality
belief propagation
analog process
theory of information value
process of heating
probabilistic planning
qbf solver
edge detection
algorithmic complexity
integer factorization
kolmogorov complexity
symbolic approach
symbolic approach is based on dolev-yao model ( ) which relies on a formal model : bitstrings are abstracted by formal expressions , the .
model checking
correlation coefficient
principal component analysis
case-based reasoning
logic variable
mobile device
support vector machine
language processing
language processing is a memory-based model .
glm regression algorithm
linear programming
active learning
domain of application
uniform convergence theory
cluster ensemble
parse tree
happening
a happening is an event that happens .
open class
an open class is a training event scheduled at various locations wherein all crews are welcome to attend .
dimensionality reduction
semantic network
problem-solving method
cross-entropy based filter technique
data driven technique
posteriori knowledge
c-buridan
c-buridan is an implemented algorithm for plan gen - eration that models noisy sensors and e ectors ac - cording to a standard probabilistic interpretation , but .
data-base query
conversational agent
ockham algorithm
interpropositional relation
epistemic logic
fortran
logistic regression
theory of inheritance
a theory of inheritance is a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations .
connectionism
data fusion
integer linear programming
unary notation
unary notation is a perfectly fine language you still need a human to decide if a representation is .
program synthesis
passive agent
measure of uncertainty
with relation
cognitive science
linear regression
anaphora
anaphora is the phenomenon of a linguistic expression which acts as a substitute or reference to some other linguistic form , which generally precedes it .
scoring rule
inheritance
reinforcement learning
passive learning
constraint satisfaction
linear regression
ontology language
an ontology language is an artificial language that expresses knowledge about the structure of human communication and that is suitable to .
process of grasping
speech act
analogical reasoning
analogical reasoning is a kind of reasoning that is commonly used in the day to however , a particular form of analogical reasoning is based on simple and .
experimental methodology
tropistic agent
metalevel reasoning
reinforcement learning
decision-making process
theory of language
cross validation
planning under uncertainty
planning under uncertainty is a critical ability for au - tonomous robots operating in uncontrolled environments , such as homes or offices .
web service
tree-based indexing
beam search
subsumption architecture
skolemization
nlp
score rule
score rule is a new system in the school .
dependency analysis
graceful degradation
situation-action rule
memory requirement
uncertain reasoning
uncertain reasoning is the main diagnostic method .
means-ends analysis
ontology matching
ontology matching is the process of finding correspondences between .
maximum likelihood
model tree
phenomenology
incorporation
sketch recognition
sketch recognition is the process of identifying user strokes into meaningful symbols that can be sketch recognition is divided into three main steps .
logical query
encoded message model
value iteration
inference of relationship
knowledge-based system
acoustic model
apposition
a apposition is the quality of being side-by-side , apposed instead of being opposed , not being front-to-front but next to each other .
cluster ensemble
probability vector
a probability vector is a vector with nonnegative entries that add up to 1 .
visual feature
ground clause
a ground clause is a clause which does not contain any variables .
skolemization
base language method
data set
fuzzy logic
multiagent reasoning
decision tree learning
decision tree learning is an inductive learning process which is based on example learning , focusing on pushing out rules of decision tree 's representation form .
perspective projection
perspective projection is the theory of how to display and move 2d coordinates in relation to each other to make the illusion of 3d space on a.
face recognition
recommender system
alpha-beta search
abstract noun
intradomain phenomenon
unguided algorithm
logic sampling
boruvka's algorithm
experience
normalization
causal relation
a causal relation is an interpropositional relation in which the situation expressed by some proposition(s ) is communicated as bringing about .
biometric method
collective decision-making
conversational agent
electronic circuits domain
belief network learning
vector quantization
oft-touted property
clever indexing
existential elimination
benchmarking
distributed processing
domain knowledge
learning agent
in supervised learning , a learning agent is given mappings of inputs to desired outputs .
perceptron
minimum description length
tokenization
machine translation
dependency grammar
naive agent
unit clause
a unit clause is a clause containing only one literal ( ) , while a binary clause con - tains exactly two literals .
testing
a testing is a machine learning algorithms are trained on a collection of instances or patterns . once training is complete , it is usual to test the trained system on a collection of test instances or test patterns which were not used when training the system , in order to find out to what degree the system is able to generalise beyond its training data . .
parallel relation
a parallel relation is a relation between the branches , with each branch receiving the same total potential and their individual branched currents adding together .
dcop algorithm
differential equation
visibility graph
action model
ontological engineering
unsupervised learning
logical equivalence
feature selection
autonomous land vehicle
beam search
bayes' rule
robotics
coalitional game
a coalitional game is system .
mining
a mining is any extractive activity .
time expression
multi-document summarization
cognitive science
language analysis
atomic event
an atomic event is an assignment of particular values to all the variables -- in other words , a complete specification of the state of the domain .
foliation
a foliation is the process of forming into a leaf or leaves .
support
automaton
binary classification
figure of speech
computational complexity theory
web mining
image retrieval
distributed processing
target concept
pseudo code
pronunciation learning
higher-order logic
procedural attachment
prepositional logic agent
linear program
knowledge level
algorithm of adaptation
computational efficiency
decision theory
sequential search
branch-and-bound search
resolution strategy
resolution strategy is a sequential testing algorithm that determines the value of the expression , where each test is a query of the value of one variable .
justification-based system
neighbour classifier
disjoint set
a disjoint set is a data structure that contains non-overlapping elements , with the definition of overlapping being a parameter of the data structure
program synthesis
sample complexity
ordinary differential equation
contingency planning
human-computer dialogue system
kalman filtering
domainindependent system
source language
organisation of knowledge
uncertainty model
anaphora resolution
deterministic finite automaton
dempster-shafer theory
baseline
computational learning theory
hybrid system
a hybrid system is a dynamic system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior -- a system that can both flow (
tree decomposition
pattern recognition
linear classifier
structured programming construct
cooperative agent
referential transparency
referential transparency is an oft-touted property of ( ) functional languages , which makes it easier to reason about the behavior of .
source of information
randomization
linear separability
linear separability is an important concept in neural networks .
language origin
language origin is the theory that explains how human acquired language at the first time .
markov blanket
markov blanket is a cross-entropy based filter technique capable of identifying both redundant and irrelevant features .
sparse coding
degree of similarity
cost function
linearization
computability
computability is the science of determining what can and can not be computed .
algebraic relation
acquisition of adaptation knowledge
cluster ensemble
model-based reasoning
public-key encryption algorithm
local encoding
stochastic dominance
simplification
a simplification is the act of reducing complexity .
heuristic search
stochastic dominance
rule-based system
decision analysis
naturalness
matrix factorization
feature space
causal theory
a causal theory is a set of casual rules of the form : φ ⇒ ψ , where φ and ψ are propositional formulas .
asbestos removal
assistive technology
introspection
communicating agent
a communicating agent is a proactive agent that introduces new function - alities of communication .
expected utility
truth-preserving inference
term rewriting
rhetorical relation
pattern matching
incomplete information
fuzzy logic
inductive learning
motion parallax
default reasoning
principal component analysis
consistency checking
constraint propagation
density
a density is the spatial property of being crowded together .
knowledge-based agent
input method
temporal logic
spatial relationship
a spatial relationship is a vector .
decision tree learning
decision analytic approach
mathematical model
behavioral module
behavioral module is a behavior-based system (
covariance matrix
in probability theory and statistics , a covariance matrix is a matrix whose element in the i , j position is the covariance between the
nlp
language understanding
qualitative reasoning
low-level action
computational biology
formal grammar
incidence list
incidence list is a graph data structure which lists each vertex and its incident edge s http \ \ wwwicsuciedu \ ~ eppstein\ 161\ 960201html # inclist the term is .
decision tree pruning
cosine similarity
cosine similarity is a common vector based similarity measure similar to dice coefficient .
mobile sensor
mobile sensor is based on the popular sensor node platform .
logical reasoning
data matrix
clustering
signal processing
dempster's rule
decision rule
backward-chaining technique
hybrid model
semantics of logic program
artificial intelligence
distributed encoding
knowledge compilation
linear programming
knowledge acquisition
semantic space
grammatical formalism
partial regression
horn clause
collaborative filtering
passive adp agent
simulation-based method
linearization
table-based indexing
forward checking
irrationality
greedy algorithm
functional dependency
incremental algorithm
an incremental algorithm is an algorithm that includes several ( ) our incremental algorithm is compared experimentally to an .
transition model
image annotation
an image annotation is the explanatory or descriptive information about the pixel data of an image that is generated by a human or machine observer .
uncooperative agent
gps
gps is a satellite-based navigation system originally developed for military purposes and is maintained and controlled by the united states department of .
pruning strategy
descriptive information
domain transition graph
a domain transition graph is a graph representation of a state variable and shows the possible ways in which values can change .
planning problem
planning problem is essentially constrained shortest path finding .
path consistency
path consistency is a property similar to arc consistency , but considers pairs of variables instead of only one .
speech recognition
syntactic theory of knowledge
inverse resolution
hybrid mst algorithm
charge-coupled device
charge-coupled device is a system that converts the light signals to digital data .
perceptron learning rule
perceptron learning rule is one of the most transparent models for learning in .
cognitive robotics
unsupervised learning
basic action theory
inverse method
shallow parser
gene expression pattern
proof tree
genetic engineering
debugging
block
reinforcement learning agent
debugging
effective branching factor
control rule
register allocation algorithm
sample input vector
logical interpretation
logical interpretation is a translation from terms that denote signs to terms that denote phonological entities .
module
domain theory
automated reasoning
linear regression
anaphora
multiple agent
metareasoning
auv
an auv is a system that is too difficult to control .
htn planning
lexical-functional grammar
lexical-functional grammar is a constraint based theory of language , whose basic syntactic architecture distiguishes two levels of representation : c-structure .
automatic programming
pattern matching
proactive agent
kernel method
information theory
collective computation
collective computation is an analog process , not a digital process .
demodulation
demodulation is the process of filtering out the actual transferred information from the received signal .
pathmax
pathmax is a standard concept in heuristic search which is used to thus pathmax is used in the same way as in the single objective search model , but for .
image formation
time constraint
in master data , the time constraint is a definite feature of the infotype or subtype .
non-formal language
incidence matrix
in mathematics , an incidence matrix is a matrix that shows the relationship in this case the incidence matrix is also a biadjacency matrix of the levi .
target domain
target domain is source domain -- this is the basic formula for metaphor
decision tree pruning
robotic network
a robotic network is a group of robotic agents moving in space and endowed with communication capabilities .
kl-one
kl-one is a well known knowledge representation system in the tradition of semantic networks and frames .
graceful degradation
taxonomy
recommender system
graphical cluster validation technique
depth-limited search
model checking
mathematical statement
functioning
model state evolution
binary decision diagram
a binary decision diagram is a concise representation of the shannon decom - position of a boolean function ( ) .
incremental search
object recognition
recommender system
fibonacci heap
text categorization
causal model
constructive induction
mixed inference
regular expression
parsing algorithm
worst case analysis
cross-indexing
role hierarchy
logic programming
turning video communication
automated reasoning
clustering method
decision tree learning
intelligent agent
tokenization
definite clause grammar
natural language processing
pure inductive inference
modal logic
probabilistic inference
feature selection
consideration
pattern matching
hierarchical planning
rewriting system
correspondence theory
nondeterminism
cluster ensemble
effective branching factor
analytical expression
in mathematics , an analytical expression is a mathematical expression , constructed using well-known operations that lend themselves readily to calculation .
behavior-based robotics
inference relation
an inference relation is a relation between existing knowledge and the .
graph algorithm
a graph algorithm is an algorithm ( ) that takes one or more graphs as inputs .
maximum entropy
leak node
most technique
model-free method
image processing
forward-chaining agent
quantum theory
optimality of a search algorithm
implication rule
formally , an implication rule is an expression of the form furthermore , let us assume that this implication rule is valid only in a certain .
binary decision diagram
stationarity in pac learning
dynamic logic
game theory
generalization hierarchy
a generalization hierarchy is a form of abstraction that specifies that two or more entities that share common attributes can be generalized into a higher-level .
jacquard loom
a jacquard loom is a mechanical loom , used to weave complex textile patterns .
assistive technology
cross-validation
truth maintenance system
bayesian learning
heuristic rule
a heuristic rule is a commonsense rule intended to increase the probability of solving some problem .
atomic event
stimulus
evolutionary programming
empirical evaluation
stochastic matrix
a stochastic matrix is a matrix having the property that the entries in each column are non-negative , real and sum to 1 .
backward chaining
constraint propagation
photometry
photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light intensity .
problem solving
pseudo-code
geometric invariant
process of filtering
knuth-bendix algorithm
subordinate clause
a subordinate clause is a dependent clause that adds some extra information to the main clause .
smoothing technique
ontological engineering
system of communication
temporal differencing
temporal differencing is an efficient model-free method that saves on storage space since no model of the environment is explicitly stored .
benchmarking
physical system
bug
a bug is a fault or defect in a computer program , system , or machine .
role hierarchy
expressive power
human-computer interaction
entity